{"id":9952,"date":"2011-11-20T01:15:12","date_gmt":"2011-11-20T06:15:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=9952"},"modified":"2011-11-20T01:15:12","modified_gmt":"2011-11-20T06:15:12","slug":"verjine-svazlian-ermeni-soykirimi-soykirimdan-kurtulan-gorgu-taniklarinin-hatiralari-22-22","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/11\/20\/verjine-svazlian-ermeni-soykirimi-soykirimdan-kurtulan-gorgu-taniklarinin-hatiralari-22-22\/","title":{"rendered":"VERJINE SVAZLIAN. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131: Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan Kurtulan G\u00f6rg\u00fc Tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Hat\u0131ralar\u0131, 22 (22)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>22 (22)<\/p>\n

ANDREAS YESAY\u0130 G\u00dcLANYAN’IN ANLATTIKLARI<\/p>\n

1905<\/p>\n

\u015eATAKH [\u00c7ATAK] DO\u011eUMLU<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerin 1908’de iktidara gelip kendilerini, T\u00fcrkiye’de ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn milli az\u0131nl\u0131klara yak\u0131nm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6stermelerinin \u00fczerinden yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. T\u00fcrkiye’nin b\u00fct\u00fcn milletlerin vatan\u0131 oldu\u011funu ilan ediyorlard\u0131. Ancak, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar yaland\u0131. Onlar\u0131n amac\u0131 Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan faydalan\u0131p Almanya’n\u0131n m\u00fcttefiki olarak Ermenistan’a sald\u0131rarak Ermenileri katletmekti. Bu ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in gizli toplant\u0131lar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda hayata ge\u00e7irilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bizim \u015eatakh’\u0131n k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri savunmada aktif rol \u00fcstlendiler ve benim duymu\u015f oldu\u011fum ve hat\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00e7e\u015fitli tarihi olaylar anlat\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

1895-96 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan katliamlar\u0131n \u00fczerinden 20 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015fti ve ilkbahar mevsimiydi. J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler \u0130stanbul’dan, Talat, Enver ve Cemal’\u0131n ac\u0131mas\u0131z memuru olan Van valisi Cevdet Pa\u015fa’ya Van ve \u015eatakhl\u0131 Ermenileri katletmesini emretmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk\u00f6nce, Van’dan daha 29 Mart 1915 tarihinde tayin edilmi\u015f \u015eatakhl\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Da\u015fnak lider Hovsep \u00c7oloyan’\u0131 tutuklay\u0131p onun kellesini u\u00e7urdular. O \u015eatakh kaymakam\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131; ama onu sokakta y\u00fcr\u00fcken be\u015f arkada\u015f\u0131yla birlikte tutuklay\u0131p \u015eatakh Ta\u011f ad\u0131 verilen merkeze g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Onun arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan Rus-T\u00fcrk cephesinde yaralanm\u0131\u015f olan Tigran Ba\u011fdasaryan kurtulup \u015eatakh’a gelmi\u015fti. O kaymakama gidip: “Hovsep \u00c7oloyan’\u0131 niye tutuklad\u0131n\u0131z? O ta\u015fra okullar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc oldu\u011fundan hapse at\u0131lamaz” demi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Frans\u0131z e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f olan \u015eatakh kaymakam\u0131 Seyti Bey ona \u015f\u00f6yle cevap vermi\u015f: “Hovsep \u00c7oloyan’\u0131 tutuklam\u0131\u015fsak bu \u00f6nemli de\u011fil. O odada oturuyor. Elli-altm\u0131\u015f mahalleli genci silahlar\u0131yla birlikte getirip bize teslim ederseniz o zaman Hovsep \u00c7oloyan’\u0131 arkada\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte \u00e7abucak sal\u0131veririz.”<\/p>\n

Tigran Ba\u011ftasaryan da: “T\u00fcrk H\u00fck\u00fcmeti 5-6 ayd\u0131r seferberlik ilan etmi\u015f durumda ve Ta\u011f’\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn gen\u00e7leri Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in silah alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bizde silahl\u0131 adam yok” diye cevap verir.<\/p>\n

Kaymakam da ona: “Biz her \u015feyi biliyoruz” der.<\/p>\n

Me\u011fer Hovsep \u00c7oloyan ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki \u015eatakh y\u00f6netimi olaylardan bir-iki ay evvel 1915 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Mart-Nisan aylar\u0131nda \u015eatakh’a ba\u011fl\u0131 50-60 Ermeni k\u00f6y\u00fcnde hangi k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn ne silah\u0131 ve ne kadar mermisi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren bir liste haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f; T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131 Ermenileri katletmeye giri\u015fti\u011finde Ta\u011f evlerinde ve \u015eatakh’\u0131n \u00f6nemli Ermeni k\u00f6ylerinde savunma muharebeleri yapacak gruplar olu\u015fturmu\u015f. \u015eatakh’ta ise, 1200’\u00fc Ta\u011f mahallesinde olmak \u00fczere yakla\u015f\u0131k 12000 Ermeni ya\u015f\u0131yordu. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu listeler Hovsep \u00c7oloyan’\u0131n cebinde bulunuyormu\u015f. \u00dcst\u00fc aran\u0131rken bunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Tigran Ba\u011fdasaryan kaymakamdan ayr\u0131l\u0131p Ta\u011f’daki evine d\u00f6nd\u00fckten bir g\u00fcn sonra ba\u015fka bir arkada\u015f\u0131yla yeniden Hovsep \u00c7oloyan’\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 rica etmek \u00fczere yeniden kaymakam\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye gider. Ama kaymakam ona yine ayn\u0131 \u015feyleri s\u00f6yler. Bundan ba\u015fka kaymakam, zaptiyelerine vergi toplama bahanesiyle \u015eatakh’\u0131n iki-\u00fc\u00e7 k\u00f6y\u00fcnde birka\u00e7 Ermeni \u00f6ld\u00fcrmelerini emreder. K\u00fcrt \u00e7etecilere de \u015eatakhl\u0131 d\u00f6rt-be\u015f masum genci \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeleri emredilir. \u00d6yle ki, T\u00fcrkler Ermenileri yok etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131 bile.<\/p>\n

Daha 1914 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonbahar sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren \u015eatakh’\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6ylerine “Kordonlar” ad\u0131 verilen devriye g\u00fc\u00e7leri yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Bu k\u00f6ylerden Sivtik K\u00f6y\u00fc’ne iki devriye g\u00fcc\u00fc yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti: biri k\u00f6y evlerinin yak\u0131n\u0131na; di\u011feri ise k\u00f6y\u00fcn be\u015f kilometre kuzeyinde bulunan Artos Da\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n eteklerine; tarih\u00e7i A. Toy’un s\u00f6zleriyle “\u015eatakh’\u0131n me\u015fhur vadisi” orda ba\u015flard\u0131. O vadinin do\u011fu taraf\u0131nda Kaukan s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131, di\u011fer taraf\u0131nda ise R\u0131\u015ftunyats s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Kuzeyden g\u00fcneye uzanan vadilerin i\u00e7inde, da\u011flar\u0131n yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda tar\u0131ma elveri\u015fli topraklar ve \u00e7ay\u0131rlar bulunur.<\/p>\n

Hovsep \u00c7oloyan’\u0131n hapsedilmesinin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131ktan sonra k\u00f6ylerden tecr\u00fcbeli ve yeti\u015fkin erkekler ve gen\u00e7ler \u015eatakh’\u0131n Ta\u011f merkezine toplant\u0131ya davet edildi; onlar ne yapacaklar\u0131na karar vereceklerdi ve bir askeri savunma kurulu se\u00e7meyi kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

1. \u00dc\u00e7 ki\u015fi se\u00e7ildi: Tigran Ba\u011fdasaryan, Samvel Mesropyan (Ta\u011fl\u0131) ve Azat Simonyan (Sivtikli).<\/p>\n

2. Kaymakam, vali Cevdet’le haberle\u015femesin diye bir iki g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde Ta\u011f’\u0131 kuzeye, Van’a ba\u011flayan telefon-telgraf direklerini kesmeyi kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Ermenilerin ise haber ula\u015ft\u0131racak ulaklar\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

3. O iki g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde Sivtik K\u00f6y\u00fc’ndeki iki n\u00f6bet\u00e7i karakolunu da ortadan kald\u0131rmay\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar; zira yollar Vostan’dan ve Hayots Dzor’dan Van’a gidiyordu.<\/p>\n

Ben \u015fahsen annemle k\u00f6y\u00fcn tepelerinden birinin \u00fczerinden Sivtik K\u00f6y\u00fc’ndeki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya \u015fahit oldum. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma sona erene kadar da\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131na karar verildi.<\/p>\n

31 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fc Ar\u015fak Petrosyan’\u0131n grubu (Sivtik K\u00f6y\u00fc’nden) Ha\u015fkants K\u00f6y\u00fc’nden Sivtik K\u00f6y\u00fc’n\u00fcn yak\u0131nlar\u0131na gelmi\u015fti; tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f fedayi Bazik Petrosyan’\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011findeki orda kalm\u0131\u015f Ermeni sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar ise k\u00f6y\u00fcn d\u00f6rt yan\u0131na sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar yerle\u015ftirmi\u015fler ve Ar\u015fak Petrosyan k\u00f6y\u00fcn kenar\u0131na geldi\u011finde bir kur\u015fun s\u0131k\u0131p i\u015faret vermi\u015flerdi. Bazik Petrosyan kendi k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn evlerinden birindeki mevziden T\u00fcrk devriye g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn komutan\u0131 Bayri Onba\u015f\u0131’ya teslim olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015f; ama T\u00fcrkler teslim olmam\u0131\u015f ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ate\u015f ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrklerin komutan\u0131 k\u00f6y\u00fcn yeni in\u015fa edilmi\u015f okulunun penceresine mevzilenmi\u015f ve Ermenilerin \u00fczerine ate\u015f a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131; iki taraftan da yayl\u0131m ate\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6y g\u00f6zlerimizin \u00f6n\u00fcnde kayn\u0131yordu. Annemle da\u011fda bir kayan\u0131n dibinden seyrediyorduk. Yakla\u015f\u0131k k\u0131rk kez ate\u015f edildi. Her \u015fey bitti. G\u00f6k y\u00fcz\u00fc bulutluydu, ama hava so\u011fuk de\u011fildi. Ben annemin elinden tutarak vadiye indim, k\u00f6ye vard\u0131k; ba\u015fka kad\u0131nlar da k\u00f6ye geldiler ve ne olup bitti\u011fini anlatt\u0131lar. Bayri Onba\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve emrindeki askerler han\u0131n penceresinden silahlar\u0131n\u0131 at\u0131p, ellerini yukar\u0131 kald\u0131rarak teslim olmu\u015flard\u0131. Bizimkiler onlar\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131 bir Ermeni kad\u0131n\u0131n evine hapsetmi\u015flerdi. Sivtik K\u00f6y\u00fc’nde ya\u015fanan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 Van’a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f; Van valisi Cevdet Pa\u015fa \u00fcnl\u00fc toplum adam\u0131 (Karaba\u011fl\u0131) \u0130\u015fkhan’\u0131 yan\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rt\u0131p (\u0130\u015fkhan Van \u00f6nderi se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti) ona: “Birka\u00e7 zaptiyeyle \u015eatakh’a git; niye \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f \u00f6\u011fren. Durumu yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r” demi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fkhan, zaptiyelerle Sivtik K\u00f6y\u00fc’ne giden yolun daha yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bile kat etmeden, Hayots Dzor’un Hir\u00e7 K\u00f6y\u00fc’nde (\u015eatakh-Van aras\u0131nda) hava kararm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrk zaptiye m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc \u0130\u015fkan’a: “Hava karard\u0131. Yolumuza nas\u0131l devam edelim? Gel Hir\u00e7 K\u00f6y\u00fc’nde dinlenelim ve sabah \u015eatakh’a gidip Ermenileri yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131ral\u0131m” demi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Ama bu bir hileydi. \u0130\u015fkhan d\u00f6rt arkada\u015f\u0131yla geceyi ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi s\u0131rada T\u00fcrk zaptiyeler taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, gece vakti g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcp \u00fcstleri toprakla \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn, Cevdet Pa\u015fa Van’da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u0130stanbul Meclisi \u00fcyesi Vramyan’\u0131 yan\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve onu Van G\u00f6l\u00fc k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan Avants K\u00f6y\u00fc’ne g\u00f6t\u00fcrerek i\u00e7ini ta\u015fla doldurdu\u011fu bir torbay\u0131 boynuna ba\u011flay\u0131p onu Van G\u00f6l\u00fc’nde bo\u011fmu\u015ftu. Ama bereket versin ki, o arada Vramyan, daha sonra Van savunmas\u0131n\u0131n lideri olan Aram Manukyan’a bir mektup yazmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f, Cevdet Aram’\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde gitmemesini, zira onu da \u00f6ld\u00fcreceklerini bildiren bir iki sat\u0131r yaz\u0131p kar\u0131s\u0131na vermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Ve \u015eatakh savunmas\u0131* ba\u015flar. T\u00fcrkler Ermeni k\u00f6ylerine sald\u0131r\u0131rlar. Savunma 4 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flar ve May\u0131s ortalar\u0131na kadar, yakla\u015f\u0131k 45 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrer. Van gibi \u015eatakh da T\u00fcrklerin ve K\u00fcrtlerin \u00fcst\u00fcn \u015fekilde silahlanm\u0131\u015f cellatlar\u0131na direnir. Genel olarak \u015eatakh savunmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, T\u00fcrklerin daha iyi silahlar\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Ermeniler kendilerini iyi savunurlar.<\/p>\n

\u015eatakh savunmas\u0131n\u0131n o 45 g\u00fcn\u00fc boyunca, ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131na ve silah ve fi\u015fek k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen Ermeniler genellikle ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde savunma yaparlar. Ama \u015eatakh’\u0131n Sozvants isimli, Ta\u011f’a 3-4 kilometre mesafede bulunan da\u011f yamac\u0131na biti\u015fik bir k\u00f6y\u00fcndeki Ermeni m\u00fcdafiler so\u011fuk nedeniyle hata yap\u0131p liderleri Hovsep Garumyan’\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen mevzilerinden \u00e7ekilip uzakla\u015f\u0131r ve evlerinde dinlenirler. Sabah da mevzilerine \u00e7ok ge\u00e7 geri d\u00f6nerler. Sozvants \u015eatakh’\u0131n ambar\u0131 konumundayd\u0131. O k\u00f6y\u00fc T\u00fcrkler i\u015fgal ederler. \u015eatakh’\u0131n baz\u0131 gruplar\u0131nda belli bir umutsuzluk hakim olur; ama as\u0131l gruplar: “Beraber ya\u015fayacak, ya da beraber \u00f6lece\u011fiz” deyip cesaret g\u00f6sterirler.<\/p>\n

Sonra o Sozvants yeniden Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilir. \u015eatakh kendini savunmaya devam eder. Bereket versin ki, Rus ordular\u0131 Ele\u015fkirt’ten Berkri’ye ula\u015f\u0131r ve Van \u015eehri’ne yakla\u015f\u0131r. Cevdet birlikleriyle birlikte ka\u00e7ar. Rus \u0130mparatorluk ordular\u0131 tarihte ilk kez 6 May\u0131s 1915 g\u00fcn\u00fc Van \u015eehri’ne girer. Me\u015fhur komutan Dro’nun g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc birlikleri de onlarla birliktedir. 15 May\u0131s (yeni takvime g\u00f6re 27 May\u0131s) g\u00fcn\u00fc \u015eatakh liderli\u011finin iste\u011fiyle Aram Manukyan, Dro’nun grubunu \u015eatakh’a g\u00f6nderir. \u015eatakh T\u00fcrkleri, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerin geldi\u011fini duyup ka\u00e7arlar. B\u00f6ylece 45 g\u00fcnl\u00fck savunma muharebeleri g\u00f6rkemli bir zaferle ta\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f olur. Van’da Aram Manukyan’\u0131n, \u015eatakh’ta ise Tigran Ba\u011fdasaryan’\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde valilik kurumu olu\u015fturulur.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6yl\u00fcler yazl\u0131klar\u0131na giderler; \u015fehirde ise bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l onar\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, tar\u0131m, meslekler ve ticaret yeniden canlan\u0131r. Ermeniler Van ve \u015eatakh’ta Ruslar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

1915 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Haziran sonlar\u0131nda ise Ruslar Van G\u00f6l\u00fc’n\u00fcn kuzey ve g\u00fcney kesimlerinden ge\u00e7ip birle\u015firler; ama orda bir olay cereyan eder. T\u00fcrkler cepheyi 7 kilometre kadar yararlar; Ruslar ise geri \u00e7ekilirler. Be\u015f-alt\u0131 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7arp\u0131\u015farak birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz kilometre geri \u00e7ekilir, Ele\u015fkirt, Aba\u011fa Ovas\u0131’na ula\u015f\u0131rlar; Berkri’ye kadar giderler. Van Ermenileri i\u00e7in tehlikeli bir durum do\u011far.<\/p>\n

Van’da bulunan General Nikolayev Aram Manukyan’\u0131 yan\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rarak ona: “Van’da yakla\u015f\u0131k 24000 Ermeni n\u00fcfus ve \u00e7evre k\u00f6ylerden gelip y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan muhacirler var. Halk\u0131 Do\u011fu Ermenistan’a g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirmek laz\u0131m” der.<\/p>\n

Van Vilayeti ve \u015eatakh b\u00f6lgesindeki halk g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye ba\u015flar. G\u00f6\u00e7 A\u011fustos’un ba\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Biz koyun ve b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvanlar\u0131m\u0131zla K\u0131rdasar yazl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, da\u011f\u0131n tepesindeydik. G\u00fcn a\u011farmadan, koyu karanl\u0131kta babam gelip bizi uyand\u0131rd\u0131: “Kalk\u0131n! G\u00f6\u00e7 edece\u011fiz” dedi.<\/p>\n

E\u015fyalar\u0131 hayvanlara y\u00fckleyip 2-3 g\u00fcnde k\u00f6ye vard\u0131k. K\u00f6y evimizde ebeveynim baz\u0131 g\u0131da maddeleri ald\u0131; bunlar\u0131 e\u015feklere y\u00fckleyip son kez h\u00fcz\u00fcnle dolu, melankolik bir \u015fekilde evimizi bark\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, baba oca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p g\u00f6\u00e7 yolunu tuttuk.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde, k\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fcze 40 kilometre mesafedeki Van’a vard\u0131k. Van ahalisi iki g\u00fcn evvel mallar\u0131n\u0131 evlerinde b\u0131rakarak g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015fti. Van \u015eehri yak\u0131n\u0131nda bir gece ge\u00e7irdik; o zaten ikinci gecemizdi.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki y\u00fcz bin Ermeni yollardayd\u0131. Millet evinde, d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131nda ne varsa, \u015feker, basma, kuma\u015f toplar\u0131 gibi, yan\u0131na ald\u0131; bunlar daha sonra yolda ya\u011fmaland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde geceyar\u0131s\u0131 Berkri’ye vard\u0131k. Orda nehrin \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc vard\u0131. Korkun\u00e7 derecede karanl\u0131kt\u0131. Ak\u015fam g\u00fcne\u015f batmadan bir taraftan Van G\u00f6l\u00fc’n\u00fcn kuzey k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan Rus ordusu Berkri’ye yakla\u015f\u0131yor, di\u011fer taraftan ise Zilanl\u0131 K\u00fcrt \u00e7ete reisleri de Berkri K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc’nden ge\u00e7en, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131rtlar\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f, mallar\u0131n\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131na y\u00fcklemi\u015f yaya g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin dev kervanlar\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131… O korkun\u00e7 bir manzarayd\u0131. \u0130ki y\u00fcz bin Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7 ediyordu; kervan\u0131n bir u\u00e7unda olanlar I\u011fd\u0131r’a varm\u0131\u015f, di\u011fer u\u00e7ta olanlar ise hala Van’\u0131n g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgelerinden \u015eatakh, Moks ve Geva\u015f’tayd\u0131. Bir keresinde beni e\u015fe\u011fe bindirdiler; hem \u00f6n\u00fcmde hem de arkamda ilerleyen g\u00f6\u00e7men kervan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Yaz\u0131n s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131nda halk toz toprak i\u00e7inde kaybolmu\u015ftu; A\u011fustos ay\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Berkri’ye vard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda geceyar\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015ftu ve etraf kapkaranl\u0131kt\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcn durmadan y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck. Berkri’nin 10 kilometre kuzeyinde bulunan Bandimahu Nehri \u00fczerindeki k\u00f6pr\u00fcye varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Bir taraftan g\u00f6\u00e7menler, di\u011fer taraftan da Rus ordusunun s\u00fcvarileri uzun arabalar\u0131yla k\u00f6pr\u00fcden ge\u00e7mek istiyordu. Her biri de k\u00f6pr\u00fcden ge\u00e7ip Aba\u011fa Ovas\u0131’na ula\u015farak kurtulmak istiyordu. Babam ve bizimkiler k\u00f6pr\u00fcden ge\u00e7menin imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131lar. Bir\u00e7ok kad\u0131n i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bebe\u011fini suya att\u0131. Babam beklememiz ve kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bizi bir kenara \u00e7ekti. Azalmak m\u0131 ? Ne azalmas\u0131? G\u00f6\u00e7men kafilesinin bir ucu Van’dayd\u0131. Babam durumun d\u00fczelmeyece\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc; Kad\u0131nlar ve erkekler y\u00fckl\u00fc hayvanlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde k\u00f6pr\u00fcden ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in bir zincir olu\u015fturdular. Birbirimizi iti\u015ftirerek k\u00f6pr\u00fcden ge\u00e7inceye kadar birbirimizi kaybettik. Ben, evli a\u011fabeyim ve onun, kuca\u011f\u0131nda yedi ayl\u0131k \u00e7ocu\u011fu olan kar\u0131s\u0131, bir e\u015fek ve bir \u00f6k\u00fczle birlikte, babam\u0131, annemi, ninemi ve ortanca a\u011fabeyimi kaybettik. Bir\u00e7ok insan Bandimahu K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. B\u00fct\u00fcn gece karanl\u0131kta birbirimizi kaybetmi\u015f olarak y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fck; ama art\u0131k k\u00f6pr\u00fcy\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015ftik. B\u00fct\u00fcn gece hi\u00e7 dinlenmeden y\u00fcr\u00fcyor, Aba\u011fa Ovas\u0131’na do\u011fru gidiyorduk; Rus ordusu ordayd\u0131. Karanl\u0131kta, havada k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k g\u00f6z\u00fckt\u00fc. Halk onu d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n silah\u0131 sand\u0131. Ama karanl\u0131kta g\u00fcn do\u011funcaya kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcp Rus ordusunun bulundu\u011fu Aba\u011fa \u00c7ay\u0131r\u0131’na vard\u0131k. Halk\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 istirahat ediyordu; di\u011fer bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da yoluna devam ediyordu.<\/p>\n

Sabah saat 10’a do\u011fru kaybetti\u011fim babam, annem, ninem ve ortanca a\u011fabeyim gelip beni buldular. Hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey yememi\u015ftik. Babam beni ve ortanca a\u011fabeyimi aya\u011fa kald\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00f6\u00e7 yolundan iki-\u00fc\u00e7 metre \u00f6tede bir bazalt ta\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131; oraya oturduk.<\/p>\n

Aba\u011fa \u00c7ay\u0131r\u0131 ye\u015fildi; ta\u015f ise yerden biraz y\u00fcksekti. Babam beni g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp o ta\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne oturttu. \u0130\u00e7inde lava\u015f ekme\u011fi k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 bulunan bir torba vard\u0131; o k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerine d\u00f6kt\u00fc. Bize: “K\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 yiyin” dedi.<\/p>\n

Nas\u0131l olduysa bilmiyorum, ben yeniden babam\u0131 ve ortanca a\u011fabeyimi kaybettim. Belli ki, lava\u015f ekme\u011fi k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yedikten sonra susay\u0131p su i\u00e7meye gitmi\u015fim. Geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde bizimkiler ortal\u0131kta yoktu. \u0130ki-\u00fc\u00e7 saat halk\u0131n aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek ailemin di\u011fer fertlerini arad\u0131m; ne bizimkileri buldum ne de su. Sonunda b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f bir hayvan\u0131n ayak izinde su toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. E\u011filip i\u00e7mek istedim; ama kokmu\u015ftu, yutmad\u0131m. Yoluma devam ettim. Birden g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin aras\u0131ndan babam beni \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131: “Andro! seni pis velet, nereye kayboldun?” Sevincim sonsuzdu. Y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ya\u011fmalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Halkla birlikte sonunda Bandimahu Irma\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n yukar\u0131 koluna ula\u015ft\u0131k. Babam ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131; \u015falvar\u0131n\u0131n pa\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 yukar\u0131 k\u0131v\u0131rd\u0131, beni de kucaklay\u0131p kar\u015f\u0131ya ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in suya girdi; ama suyun i\u00e7indeki ta\u015flar kaygand\u0131. Nehrin \u00f6b\u00fcr yakas\u0131na ge\u00e7tik. Y\u00fcksek Taparis Da\u011f\u0131’na t\u0131rmanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131k. Karanl\u0131k bast\u0131. Geceyi orda, a\u00e7\u0131k havada ge\u00e7irdik. Sabah g\u00fcn a\u011farmadan g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye devam edecektik. O gece r\u00fcyamda bizim k\u00f6y\u00fcn yazl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fumuzu g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Annem bana yedirmek i\u00e7in yo\u011furt kayma\u011f\u0131 getirdi. R\u00fcya g\u00f6r\u00fcyordum. O anda babam bize: “Kalk\u0131n! gidiyoruz ” dedi. Beni e\u015fe\u011fin \u00fcst\u00fcne oturttular. Eski Beyaz\u0131t yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki K\u0131z\u0131ldiza’dan ge\u00e7ecektik. Hava karanl\u0131kt\u0131, orda geceledik. Sabah erkenden g\u00fcn a\u011far\u0131rken kalkt\u0131k. B\u00fcy\u00fck Ararat Da\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n Orgov ad\u0131 verilen bat\u0131 yamac\u0131na t\u0131rman\u0131yorduk. O Rus-T\u00fcrk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131yd\u0131. Geceydi ve oras\u0131 y\u00fcksek bir yerdi. Mevsimin yaz olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hava so\u011fuktu; y\u00fckseklik iki kilometreydi. \u015eiddetli bir r\u00fczg\u00e2r esiyordu. Orda bir gece kald\u0131k. Sabah da\u011f\u0131n eteklerine indik. Orda bir dere vard\u0131; halk dereye h\u00fccum etti; zira hepsi de susuzdu. \u0130ni\u015fimiz bir g\u00fcn s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Avetis Aharonyan’\u0131n do\u011fum yeri olan I\u011fd\u0131r’a vard\u0131k. I\u011fd\u0131r’da durmad\u0131k; ge\u00e7ip Aras Nehri’ne ula\u015ft\u0131k. Ruslar o nehrin \u00fczerinde \u00fc\u00e7 kemerli bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc in\u015fa etmi\u015flerdi. Nehrin sol k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda Markara K\u00f6y\u00fc bulunuyordu. \u00c7ok ev yoktu. Y\u00fcklerimizi k\u00f6y\u00fcn kenar\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131k bir alana bo\u015faltt\u0131k. Ne var ne yok yere dizdik; dinlenmek \u00fczere oturduk. Oraya pamuk ekmi\u015flerdi. Orda 2-3 hafta kadar kald\u0131k. Yiyecek yoktu; olan\u0131 da \u00e7alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Ne doktor, ne de hijyenik ko\u015fullar mevcuttu; oras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k kuru bir yerdi; \u00e7evresinde dikenli a\u011fa\u00e7lar ve pamuk tarlalar\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk geceyi ge\u00e7irdik. Sabah babam \u015f\u00f6yle dedi:<\/p>\n

– Andro! \u015eu e\u015fekleri g\u00f6t\u00fcr otlat.<\/p>\n

Orda bir kere yiyecek da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131lar. S\u0131ra \u00e7ok uzundu.<\/p>\n

Her aileye d\u00f6rt-be\u015f kilo un, bir kilo \u015feker da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131lar. Ekmek yoktu. Unu yo\u011furup ate\u015fin \u00fcst\u00fcnde pi\u015firdik. Bir taraftan A\u011fustos s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131, di\u011fer taraftan Aras Irma\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n pis suyu; tif\u00fcs, kolera salg\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ailemizin fertlerinden bir\u00e7o\u011fu hastaland\u0131. O s\u0131cakta herkes yere birer sopa dikmi\u015f \u00fczerine de bir bez koymu\u015ftu. Ailemizin sekiz \u00fcyesi vard\u0131. Ben daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 bir yere gitmemi\u015f oldu\u011fumdan, Rus ordusuna erzak ta\u015f\u0131yan kamyonlar\u0131 ilk defa g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve hayret ediyordum. Bizimkilerin hepsi de hastayd\u0131. Markara’da ge\u00e7irdi\u011fimiz deh\u015fetli g\u00fcnler unutulacak gibi de\u011fil. E\u011fer bizim \u00fc\u00e7 bin koyunumuz yan\u0131m\u0131zda olsa I\u011fd\u0131r’a gitmez, da\u011fl\u0131k bir yerde kal\u0131rd\u0131 ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rd\u0131k.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk hastalanan dedelerimden birinin kar\u0131s\u0131 \u015eartsi’ydi. O, tepesi karla kapl\u0131 Ararat Da\u011f\u0131’na bak\u0131p: “Ne olur o karlardan biraz getirsen de yiyip \u00f6lsem” diyordu.<\/p>\n

Kocas\u0131 gidip, e\u015fe\u011fe y\u00fckledi\u011fi karlar\u0131 getirdi. O kar\u0131 yiyip \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Ruslar\u0131n yeniden Van’\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi haberi yay\u0131ld\u0131. T\u00fcrkler Van’da \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. K\u00fcrtler ya\u011fma yapmaya vakit bulamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Halk “Van” ismini duydu. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu Tiflis ve Yerevan’a varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. E\u00e7miatsin ve Markara’dan 30-40 bin Ermeni muhacir memleketlerine d\u00f6nme \u00fcmidiyle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yapt\u0131. A\u011fustos sonuydu. Geri d\u00f6n\u00fcyorduk. Yaral\u0131lar, hastalar, can \u00e7eki\u015fenlerin iniltileri. Van’a varana kadar, yolda ortanca a\u011fabeyim e\u015fe\u011fin \u00fcst\u00fcnden bize: “Beni indirin, istirahat edeyim” dedi.<\/p>\n

Babam da ona: “Aramc\u0131\u011f\u0131m az kald\u0131” diye cevap verdi.<\/p>\n

Yar\u0131m saati a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre yola devam ettik; ama babam onun hasta oldu\u011funu biliyordu. Da\u011f\u0131n yamac\u0131ndan inip y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc yerle\u015firdikten sonra istirahat ettik. Herkes y\u00fcklerin etraf\u0131na oturmu\u015ftu. Ben oturmu\u015f yola bak\u0131yordum. Babam dedi ki: “Aramc\u0131\u011f\u0131m kalk! Ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r, bak ka\u00e7 rubleymi\u015f; gidip bostandan karpuz al\u0131p getireyim” Bunu \u00fc\u00e7 kez tekrarlad\u0131; ama Aram cevap vermedi.<\/p>\n

Sabah g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131madan e\u015fyalar\u0131 hayvanlara y\u00fcklediler; Aram’\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131 d\u0131\u015farda kalacak \u015fekilde bir \u00e7uval\u0131n i\u00e7ine Tato e\u015fe\u011fin \u00fcst\u00fcne koydular. Yol g\u00f6z\u00fckmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir iki saat daha yol gittik; b\u00fcy\u00fckannem: “Aram \u00f6ld\u00fc” dedi; ba\u015f\u0131 sarkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

K\u0131z\u0131ldize’ye vard\u0131k. Bizim k\u00f6yl\u00fcler \u00e7ukurlar kazd\u0131; bir\u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00fc vard\u0131. Onlar\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp g\u00f6md\u00fcler. Yar\u0131m saat sonra hareket ettik.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra Berkri’ye vard\u0131k. Van G\u00f6l\u00fc’nden bat\u0131ya do\u011fru giderek Panz K\u00f6y\u00fc’nden ge\u00e7tik; ordaki evlerin duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n dibinde kald\u0131k. A\u011fabeyimin aya\u011f\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131maya ba\u015flad\u0131; daha da \u015fi\u015fti; yata\u011fa d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ke\u00e7i derisini taze taze \u00fcst\u00fcne sararsan ge\u00e7er, dediler; fayda etmedi. A\u011fabeyim de orda \u00f6ld\u00fc. Van’a otuz kilometre mesafedeki Canik K\u00f6y\u00fc’ne geldik. Ordan ge\u00e7erken, b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u011fabeyimin pek konu\u015fkan olmayan kar\u0131s\u0131 yedi ayl\u0131k bebe\u011finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc el hareketleriyle bize anlatt\u0131; hemen yolun \u00fczerinde yumu\u015fak topra\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7ine g\u00f6md\u00fcler.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci g\u00fcn, Van’\u0131n Lezk isimli k\u00f6y\u00fcne vard\u0131k. Ordaki evlerin duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n dibine yerle\u015ftik. B\u00fcy\u00fckannem ve annem \u00e7al\u0131 \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131 toplay\u0131p ate\u015f yakt\u0131lar. Oca\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerinde suda bu\u011fday ha\u015flad\u0131lar. B\u00fcy\u00fckannem aniden geri geri gitti ve \u00f6ld\u00fc. Ermeni mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131, g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp oraya g\u00f6md\u00fck.<\/p>\n

Halam evliydi; iki gen\u00e7 erkek \u00e7ocu\u011fu vard\u0131; \u00e7ocuklardan biri de \u00f6ld\u00fc. Gelin babas\u0131n\u0131n evine d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Halam, annem, babam ve ben kald\u0131k. Annem \u015ea\u011fzik hastayd\u0131. Lezk’de yata\u011fa d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Koyunlar da \u00e7al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan e\u015fekleri ben otlatmaya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyordum. Orda \u00fcz\u00fcm, elma ve armut vard\u0131. Van savunmas\u0131ndan iki ay sonra, Vanl\u0131lar \u015eatakh’ta iyi bir y\u00f6netim kurmu\u015f, topra\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcp, ekmi\u015flerdi ve iyi \u00fcr\u00fcn elde etmi\u015flerdi. Annem ve halam \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, ama benim bundan haberim olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hayvanlar\u0131 otlatmaktan d\u00f6n\u00fcnce annemin orda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Babamla ben kald\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Babamla ben Lezk K\u00f6y\u00fc’nden Hayots Dzor yak\u0131nlar\u0131na gidip, Van’a on kilometre mesafedeki Bertak K\u00f6y\u00fc’nde kald\u0131k. Orda 1915 k\u0131\u015f\u0131na kadar kald\u0131k. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yolunda bir ceviz a\u011fac\u0131 vard\u0131, babam onu sallad\u0131; cevizleri k\u0131r\u0131p yiyorduk. O \u015fekilde de hayatta kald\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Bahar gelince Bertak’\u0131n di\u011fer yamac\u0131ndan inip Hayots Dzor’a Gelbalasan K\u00f6y\u00fc’ne gittik. Orda \u00e7ok kurt vard\u0131. K\u00f6y da\u011f\u0131n yamac\u0131nda olup yan\u0131ndan Kho\u015fab Nehri ge\u00e7iyor, Vostan yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda Van G\u00f6l\u00fc’ne d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcyordu; i\u00e7inde s\u00fcr\u00fcyle bal\u0131k vard\u0131. Yan\u0131ndan, Urartulular\u0131n in\u015fa etti\u011fi 60 kilometre uzunlu\u011fundaki \u015eamiram kanal\u0131 ge\u00e7iyordu. Bu kanal Artamet yoluyla Hayots Dzor’dan gelip Van bostanlar\u0131n\u0131 suluyordu; bir taraf\u0131nda Ermenilerin di\u011fer taraf\u0131nda ise T\u00fcrklerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 o b\u00f6lgeye Aygestan deniyordu. \u015eatakh’ta hemen hemen hi\u00e7 T\u00fcrk yoktu. Van ahalisinin ise yar\u0131s\u0131 Ermeni yar\u0131s\u0131 T\u00fcrkt\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Gelbalasan K\u00f6y\u00fc’nde 1916 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilkbahar ve yaz\u0131 boyunca kald\u0131k. Sonra, A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda T\u00fcrklerin Vostan taraf\u0131ndan sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, gelip Rus ordusunu ve Ermenileri katledecekleri haberi ula\u015ft\u0131. Hayots Dzor’a yerle\u015fmi\u015f farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerden gelen biz muhacirler Van \u015eehri i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7tik; daha Berkri’ye varmadan haberin yalan oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylentisi yay\u0131ld\u0131. Ba\u015fka Ermeni muhacirlerle birlikte geri d\u00f6n\u00fcp Van’a geldik. \u00c7a\u011fl\u0131 sokakta bir ev vard\u0131; 1916 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonbahar\u0131ndan 1917 ilkbahar\u0131na kadar orda kald\u0131k. Ben Nora\u015fen Okulu’nun ikinci s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na gidiyordum. 5 Nisan 1918 tarihine kadar orda kald\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Van’a d\u00f6nen otuz bin Ermeni muhacirin lideri Karaba\u011fl\u0131 Kostya Hambardzumyan’d\u0131**. O bizi Berkri’den ge\u00e7irerek Do\u011fu Ermenistan’a g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek istedi; ama T\u00fcrkler Berkri’de yolu kesmi\u015flerdi. Yerevan’a do\u011fru gitmek olanaks\u0131zd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Devrim olmu\u015ftu. 1917 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ekim Devrimi olmu\u015ftu ve Rus ordular\u0131 geri \u00e7ekildiler. Hambardzumyan Khoy, Culfa, Nahc\u0131van \u00fczerinden bizi Yerevan’a g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek istedi. O yol da kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Van’dan g\u00f6\u00e7en biz otuz bin Ermeni Koturi Vadisi yoluyla Khoy’a varmadan y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirip Salmast’a gittik. Orda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma vard\u0131. Hristiyan S\u00fcryaniler Ermenilerle birlikte T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrt \u00e7etelerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. O, Andranik’in Salmast’a ula\u015f\u0131p Van’dan gelen Ermeni muhacirlere yard\u0131m etmek ve onlar\u0131 g\u00fcvenli bir bi\u00e7imde, Basra K\u00f6rfezinden gelen \u0130ngiliz Ordular\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu Hamadan-Kirman\u015fah’a g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in Culfa’y\u0131 ve Khoy’u i\u015fgal etti\u011fi d\u00f6nemdi.<\/p>\n

Beni ve bana benzer k\u00f6yl\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 Hamadan’da yeni a\u00e7\u0131lan yetimhane’ye g\u00f6nderdiler. Geri kalan muhacir kitlesini ise \u0130ngilizler demiryoluyla Ba\u011fdat yak\u0131nlar\u0131na, Mezopotamya’ya, Bakuba denilen \u015fehrin yak\u0131nlar\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler. 5-6 bin aile Tigris’in k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, \u00e7\u00f6lde kurulmu\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130ngiliz \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131nda 1918’in Ekim ay\u0131ndan 1922 Ocak-\u015eubat’\u0131na kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131. G\u00f6\u00e7menlerin belirli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 s\u0131ca\u011fa dayanamayarak \u00f6ld\u00fc. Ama Bakuba’da, daha sonra ise Nacr-Umar’da, Basra \u015eehri’nde ve Basra K\u00f6rfezi yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00e7ad\u0131rlarda kald\u0131lar. Hayatta kalan takriben 10000 Ermeni \u0130ngiliz gemileriyle, her gemide 3000 ki\u015fi olmak \u00fczere, Basra K\u00f6rfezi, Hint Okyanus’u, K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz, S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131, Port Said, Akdeniz, \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131, Karadeniz yoluyla Batum’a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Ordan demiryoluyla bizi Aleksandr Miyasnikyan’\u0131n yeni kurdu\u011fu Sovyet Ermenistan’\u0131na teslim ettiler. Bizi Arta\u015fat (\u011eamarlu), Ararat (B\u00fcy\u00fck Vedi) b\u00f6lgelerindeki k\u00f6ylere yerle\u015ftirdiler. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn Davalu K\u00f6y\u00fc’nde kald\u0131k. Ben ve babam Yerevan’a geldik. Ben Amercom’a gittim, Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu Yard\u0131m Kurulu\u015fu’nun b\u00fcrosuna. Mektup ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131m. \u00d6\u011flen \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, gece \u00f6\u011frenimime devam ediyordum. Banfak’ta \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Sonra Devlet \u00dcniversitesi’nin Ziraat M\u00fchendisli\u011fi Fak\u00fcltesi’ne kabul edildim. Emektar ziraat\u00e7\u0131 oldum. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’na kat\u0131ld\u0131m ve y\u00fcksek ni\u015fanlarla taltif edildim.<\/p>\n

* Van Vilayeti’nin \u015eatakh b\u00f6lgesindeki Ermeni n\u00fcfusun 1915’in Nisan-May\u0131s aylar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk katliamc\u0131lar\u0131yla girdi\u011fi savunma ama\u00e7l\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar 45 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrd\u00fc.
\n** Kostya Hambardzumyan (Ukhtavor) (1882, \u015eu\u015fi – 1918, Irak) : Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f Hareketi militanlar\u0131ndan. May\u0131s 1915’te Van’\u0131n kurtulu\u015funa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/ermeni.hayem.org\/turkce\/vkayutyun.php?tp=ea&lng=tr&nmb=22<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

Her Cumartesi ve Pazar g\u00fcnleri devam\u0131 var.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

22 (22) ANDREAS YESAY\u0130 G\u00dcLANYAN’IN ANLATTIKLARI 1905 \u015eATAKH [\u00c7ATAK] DO\u011eUMLU \u00a0 J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerin 1908’de iktidara gelip kendilerini, T\u00fcrkiye’de ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn milli az\u0131nl\u0131klara yak\u0131nm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6stermelerinin \u00fczerinden yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. T\u00fcrkiye’nin b\u00fct\u00fcn milletlerin vatan\u0131 oldu\u011funu ilan ediyorlard\u0131. Ancak, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar yaland\u0131. Onlar\u0131n amac\u0131 Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan faydalan\u0131p Almanya’n\u0131n m\u00fcttefiki olarak Ermenistan’a sald\u0131rarak Ermenileri katletmekti. Bu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9953,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,14,22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler"],"yoast_head":"\nVERJINE SVAZLIAN. 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Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131: Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan Kurtulan G\u00f6rg\u00fc Tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Hat\u0131ralar\u0131, 22 (22) - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/11\/20\/verjine-svazlian-ermeni-soykirimi-soykirimdan-kurtulan-gorgu-taniklarinin-hatiralari-22-22\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"VERJINE SVAZLIAN. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131: Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan Kurtulan G\u00f6rg\u00fc Tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Hat\u0131ralar\u0131, 22 (22) - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"22 (22) ANDREAS YESAY\u0130 G\u00dcLANYAN’IN ANLATTIKLARI 1905 \u015eATAKH [\u00c7ATAK] DO\u011eUMLU \u00a0 J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerin 1908’de iktidara gelip kendilerini, T\u00fcrkiye’de ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn milli az\u0131nl\u0131klara yak\u0131nm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6stermelerinin \u00fczerinden yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. T\u00fcrkiye’nin b\u00fct\u00fcn milletlerin vatan\u0131 oldu\u011funu ilan ediyorlard\u0131. Ancak, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar yaland\u0131. Onlar\u0131n amac\u0131 Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan faydalan\u0131p Almanya’n\u0131n m\u00fcttefiki olarak Ermenistan’a sald\u0131rarak Ermenileri katletmekti. 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