{"id":9897,"date":"2011-11-19T03:15:31","date_gmt":"2011-11-19T08:15:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=9897"},"modified":"2011-11-19T03:15:31","modified_gmt":"2011-11-19T08:15:31","slug":"maras","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/11\/19\/maras\/","title":{"rendered":"Mara\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mara\u015f, <\/strong>Antiok, Kilikya Antiok\u2019u, Germanik, Germanika, Germanike, Germaniki, Germanikia, Germanik-Kesarit, Gurgum, Kahramanmara\u015f, Kara Mara\u015f, Kilikya Antiok\u2019u, \u011eara Mara\u015f. <\/em>Kilikya\u2019da bulunan, 1890 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Adana\u2019ya, bu tarihten itibaren ise Halep Eyaleti\u2019ndeki Mara\u015f Sanca\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015fehir, Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131n idari merkezi. Cahan (Ceyhan) Nehri\u2019nin yukar\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131nda, nehrin sol taraf\u0131nda, nehrin yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 km. do\u011fusunda, Akh\u0131r Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde, ba\u011flar ve a\u011fa\u00e7larla \u00e7evrili amfiteatr \u015feklinde tepeler \u00fczerinde kuruludur.<\/p>\n

Merkezde, y\u00fcksek bir tepenin \u00fczerinde eski kale bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u015eehrin i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en derenin \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da ta\u015f k\u00f6pr\u00fc in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti. \u015eehir, Kanl\u0131dere Irma\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n vadisiyle, Dul \u011ead\u0131li (Tul \u011fad\u0131li) ve Bayazatli olmak \u00fczere iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Sokaklar dar ve kirliydi. En uzun sokak Bedesten olup, \u00fczeri tahta kemerlerle kaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mara\u015f, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en suyu bol \u015fehirlerindendi, her evin kendine ait bir p\u0131nar\u0131 vard\u0131. \u015eehrin kuzey k\u0131sm\u0131nda bulunan ve Daks Arakelo an\u0131lan tepenin iki taraf\u0131ndan f\u0131\u015fk\u0131ran iki p\u0131nar de\u011firmen d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmekteydi. Bu tepe ile Akh\u0131r Da\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda kalan vadiden f\u0131\u015fk\u0131ran p\u0131narlardan olu\u015fan K\u0131rkhg\u00f6z ve Yal\u0131n\u0131sg\u00f6z derelerinin sular\u0131yla \u015fehrin ba\u011flar\u0131 sulanmaktayd\u0131. Bu\u011fday, pirin\u00e7 ve pamuk yeti\u015ftirilen Mara\u015f ovas\u0131 7 dereyle sulanmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

1880\u2019lerde Mara\u015f n\u00fcfusu 25000\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu n\u00fcfusun 10000\u2019i Ermeni, kalan\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan olu\u015fmakta, \u015fehirde 100 Yahudi ya\u015famaktayd\u0131 (\u201cArevelyan Mamul\u201d, Haziran 1881, s. 222-224). Bir di\u011fer istatisti\u011fe g\u00f6re 1889 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Mara\u015f\u2019ta var olan yakla\u015f\u0131k 10000 hanenin 3000\u2019i Ermenilere aitti (\u201cAraks\u201d, 1889, I. cilt, s. 38-46). Konstantinopel (\u0130stanbul) Dullara Yard\u0131m Cemiyeti\u2019nin 1910-12 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re \u015fehir n\u00fcfusu 12000 ki\u015fi olup, bu say\u0131n\u0131n 1\/3\u2019\u00fc Ermenilerden olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. S.M.Dsotsikyan\u2019\u0131n verileriyle 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131n 70000\u2019lik n\u00fcfusunun 40000\u2019i Ermenilerden olu\u015fmakta, kalanlar T\u00fcrk Arap, Yunanl\u0131 vs. idi (\u201cArevmtahay A\u015fkharh\u201d).<\/p>\n

Mara\u015f\u2019l\u0131 Ermeniler, tar\u0131m ve meyvecili\u011fin haricinde zanaatlar (tahta i\u015flemecili\u011fi, \u00e7orap\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, k\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck, dericilik, boyac\u0131l\u0131k, kavafl\u0131k ve dokumac\u0131l\u0131k) ve ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fmaktayd\u0131. 1890\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda \u015fehirde 1900 ma\u011faza, 7 kervansaray, 11 hamam, 281 at\u00f6lye, 2 sabun imalathanesi ve 11 f\u0131r\u0131n bulunmaktayd\u0131. Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131n Ermeni Apostolik, Katolik ve Protestan cemaatlerinin 12 kilisesi (Surb\/Aziz Gevorg, Surb Astvadsadsin, Surb Karapet, Surb Sargis, Surb Stepanos, Surb Karasun Mankunk vs.) vard\u0131 ve bu kiliselerin 6\u2019s\u0131na ek olarak ilkokullar kurulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Katliam arifesinde Mara\u015f\u2019ta hizmet veren \u00fcnl\u00fc okullar Azgayin\u00a0 Kedronakan (milli merkezi) ve H. Malc\u0131yan\u2019\u0131n okuluydu. Ermenilerin Ruhban okulu, hay\u0131r kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve hastaneleri vard\u0131. \u201c\u00c7\u0131\u015fmartutyun\u201d (ger\u00e7ek) (1919) dergisi yay\u0131nlanmaktayd\u0131. Mara\u015f, Kilikya Ermeni Devleti\u2019nin do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda bulunan \u00fcnl\u00fc bir \u015fehir, ticari merkezdi. 4 kervan yolu buradan ba\u015flamaktayd\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n en me\u015fhuru Ayas-Mara\u015f-Melitine yoluydu. Asur yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda belirtilen ve kral III. Salmanasar (859-824) taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilen Markasi (Marqasi) \u015fehrinin Mara\u015f oldu\u011fu san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mara\u015f ad\u0131 antik d\u00f6nemden beri bilinmektedir. Ptolomeos, bu ismi Marash olarak belirtmektedir. \u015eehrin Germanik(e) ismi, M.\u00d6. 18 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00fclkeyi idare etmek i\u00e7in Kommagene\u2019ye gelmi\u015f olan Roma generali Germanikos\u2019un (imparator Tiberios\u2019un amcao\u011flu) ad\u0131yla ilintilidir. Mara\u015f\u0131n Gurgum ismi ise Asurlu Mikhail taraf\u0131ndan belirtilen \u00c7o\u00e7um yer ismiyle ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131n en eski halk\u0131 Hititler olmu\u015f, daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde Sami (Asur) unsurlar g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015f, Makedon ve Selefk\u00fcs egemenli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde Yunanl\u0131lar ve Yahudiler de buraya yerle\u015fmi\u015fler, Ermeniler de antik d\u00f6nemlerde burada yerle\u015fik olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Hovhan Voskeberan\u2019\u0131n belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re Kokison b\u00f6lgesi Ermenilere ait olmu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00f6nemlerden itibaren Ermenilerin Mara\u015f ve \u00e7evrelerine yerle\u015fimi h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015f, ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferleri zaman\u0131nda Mara\u015f ve \u00e7evresinde ik\u00e2met edenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Ermeniler olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131n yeri s\u0131k-s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. En eski yerle\u015fim yeri bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131n 5-6 km. do\u011fusunda, Erkenez Deresi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur. Bizans-Arap sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 sonucunda bu \u015fehir y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011frar ve Halep y\u00f6neticisi Seyfeddovre, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131n\u0131n 1 km. g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda bulunan Kara Mara\u015f yerle\u015fim yerinde yeni \u015fehri in\u015fa eder. Bu y\u00fczden Mara\u015f, Kara Mara\u015f ad\u0131yla da an\u0131lmaya ba\u015flar. Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7kalesi Bizans d\u00f6neminde in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olup Marvani olarak an\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bizans egemenli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde Ermeniler \u015fehirde \u00e7o\u011funluk ettiklerinden dolay\u0131 \u015fehir Ermeni beylere teslim edilmi\u015fti. Bunlar\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015flar\u0131 Gevorg M\u0131leh (915), Pilaraos Varajnuni (Jant Pilarto, 1065), Tatul (1100) olmu\u015ftur. Ermeni egemenli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde (XI. y\u00fczy\u0131l) episkoposluk makam\u0131, 1065 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli\u011fine katolikosluk makam\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Yedesia (Urfa) beyli\u011finin Kilkya\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrmesi neticesinde Mara\u015f, bu beyli\u011fin yerle\u015fim yerlerinden birine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Sel\u00e7uk egemenli\u011finin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunda Mara\u015f, Kilikya Ermeni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na birle\u015ftirilir. II. Levon 1189 y\u0131l\u0131nda, I. Hetum ise 1266 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fehri ele ge\u00e7irir. Mara\u015f, XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetine ge\u00e7er. XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Dulkadiro\u011flu Al\u00e2eddin Bey taraf\u0131ndan \u015fehir bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yerine ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1114 depreminde \u015fehir b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcr, 1880\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n iki b\u00fcy\u00fck yang\u0131n\u0131nda Ermeni mahalleleri ve \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fcl olur. Mara\u015f Ermenileri 1915 ve sonras\u0131nda tehcire tabi tutulur, halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder. Ermenistan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Mara\u015fl\u0131lar, Yerevan\u2019\u0131n do\u011fusunda kurulan yeni mahallelere yerle\u015fip buray\u0131 Yeni Mara\u015f olarak adland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yazar, gazeteci, New York\u2019taki Amerikan uluslar aras\u0131 akademisinin \u015feref doktoru Gerasim Aharonyan (1916), sanat\u00e7\u0131 Grigor Astarc\u0131yan (1888), tarih\u00e7i Harutyun Asturyan (1880), tarih bilimi doktoru, profes\u00f6r A.G.Sanc\u0131yan (1921), ozan Armenak Ar\u0131gyan (1865) ve ozan Harutyun Ar\u0131gyan (1870-1918) Mara\u015f do\u011fumludur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mara\u015f, Antiok, Kilikya Antiok\u2019u, Germanik, Germanika, Germanike, Germaniki, Germanikia, Germanik-Kesarit, Gurgum, Kahramanmara\u015f, Kara Mara\u015f, Kilikya Antiok\u2019u, \u011eara Mara\u015f. Kilikya\u2019da bulunan, 1890 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Adana\u2019ya, bu tarihten itibaren ise Halep Eyaleti\u2019ndeki Mara\u015f Sanca\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015fehir, Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131n idari merkezi. Cahan (Ceyhan) Nehri\u2019nin yukar\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131nda, nehrin sol taraf\u0131nda, nehrin yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 km. do\u011fusunda, Akh\u0131r Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde, ba\u011flar ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9897","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sehirler-ilceler-iller-kilikya-kilikya-iller-kilikya-kilikya"],"yoast_head":"\nMara\u015f - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/11\/19\/maras\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mara\u015f - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mara\u015f, Antiok, Kilikya Antiok\u2019u, Germanik, Germanika, Germanike, Germaniki, Germanikia, Germanik-Kesarit, Gurgum, Kahramanmara\u015f, Kara Mara\u015f, Kilikya Antiok\u2019u, \u011eara Mara\u015f. Kilikya\u2019da bulunan, 1890 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Adana\u2019ya, bu tarihten itibaren ise Halep Eyaleti\u2019ndeki Mara\u015f Sanca\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015fehir, Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131n idari merkezi. 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Kilikya\u2019da bulunan, 1890 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Adana\u2019ya, bu tarihten itibaren ise Halep Eyaleti\u2019ndeki Mara\u015f Sanca\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015fehir, Mara\u015f\u2019\u0131n idari merkezi. 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