{"id":9892,"date":"2011-11-19T02:10:29","date_gmt":"2011-11-19T07:10:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=9892"},"modified":"2011-11-19T02:10:29","modified_gmt":"2011-11-19T07:10:29","slug":"sis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/11\/19\/sis\/","title":{"rendered":"Sis"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sis, <\/strong>Assis, Assisum, Kozan, Komnat, Hisn Sisiya, Sebastoz, Sisa, Sisan, Sisia, Sisiye, Sisin, Sision Kastron, Sisuan, Ossia. <\/em>Oval\u0131k Kilikya\u2019n\u0131n Adana Vilayeti\u2019nde, Kozan Kazas\u0131\u2019ndaki Sis Nehri ve bu nehrin bir kolu olan Antsm\u0131ntsuk Deresi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, Sis Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fu yamac\u0131nda ve kayal\u0131k eteklerinde, deniz seviyesinin 290 m. y\u00fcksekli\u011finde bulunan \u015fehir. \u015eehir, Oval\u0131k Kilikya\u2019n\u0131n geni\u015f ve verimli topraklar\u0131, portakal, limon, badem, zeytin, \u00fcz\u00fcm ve di\u011fer farkl\u0131 meyve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli sebzelerin yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi zengin ve g\u00fczel bostanlar\u0131 ve pirin\u00e7 tarlalar\u0131yla \u00e7evrelenmi\u015fti. Antik d\u00f6nemlerden beri Sis \u015fehrinin ad\u0131 ge\u00e7mektedir. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu \u015fehri \u00c7i\u00e7eron\u2019un belirtti\u011fi (M.\u00d6. I. y\u00fczy\u0131l) Pindenisos Kalesi, baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise Plavias veya Plaviopolis ve Brielik \u015fehirleriyle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n

Sis ismi Sami k\u00f6kenli olup \u201crahip, din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fim yeri\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Antik d\u00f6nemde Sis, Roma\u2019ya, daha sonra ise Bizans\u2019a tabi olmu\u015ftur. V.-VI. y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131 Roma ve Bizans kaynaklar\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla ad\u0131 ge\u00e7mektedir. \u015eehir VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Araplar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015ftir. O d\u00f6nemlerin Arap tarih\u00e7ileri, Sis n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Ermenilerden m\u00fcte\u015fekkil oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir. XI. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk\u2019tan Kilikya\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Ermeniler sayesinde b\u00f6lgenin ve \u015fehrin etnik yap\u0131s\u0131 nihai olarak Ermeniler lehine de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sis\u2019in ilerleme d\u00f6nemi de Ermeni feodal beyliklerinin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi sonucunda 1198 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Kilikya Ermeni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eehir, stratejik a\u00e7\u0131dan uygun bir yerde bulunmakta olup, k\u0131y\u0131dan uzakta bulundu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 daha korunakl\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en ba\u015fl\u0131ca ticaret yollar\u0131 \u015fehrin ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sis, XII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren Kilikya Ermeni Rubinyan beyli\u011finin merkezi, kral II. Levon (1198-1219) zaman\u0131nda ise Ermeni krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti olmu\u015ftur. O d\u00f6nemde \u015fehir sa\u011flam surlarla \u00e7evrelenmi\u015f, krall\u0131k saray\u0131, dini ve toplumsal yap\u0131lar in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Sis, I. Hetum\u2019un krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda (1226-1270) ve halefleri d\u00f6neminde daha da g\u00fczelle\u015fip yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hetum d\u00f6neminde in\u015fa edilmi\u015f g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan binalardan, d\u00fczg\u00fcn kesilmi\u015f ta\u015flardan ve siyah mermerden in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olan, Darpas adl\u0131 kral\u0131n yeni saray\u0131n\u0131 sayabiliriz.<\/p>\n

\u015eehrin yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunan ve sivri, ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 zor Sis Da\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde, Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve sa\u011flam Sis Kalesi bulunmaktayd\u0131. Kalenin y\u00fcksek bur\u00e7lar\u0131, g\u00f6zetleme kuleleri ve kal\u0131n, di\u015fli surlar\u0131 \u015fehir g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in emin bir g\u00fcvence te\u015fkil etmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Sis, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6nemli bir dini merkez, Kilikya veya Sis ortak katolikoslu\u011fu makam\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Katolikoslu\u011fun, 1441 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ecmiadsin\u2019e naklinden sonra Sis, Kilikya katolikoslu\u011fu makam\u0131 olarak kal\u0131r. Burada s\u0131k-s\u0131k d\u00fczenlenen kilise toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda, t\u00fcm Ermenistan\u2019la ilgili \u00f6nemli kararlar al\u0131nmaktayd\u0131. Farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde \u015fehirde on be\u015f kilise in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti. Bunlar Surb (Aziz) Atanagine, Surb Astvadsadsin, Grigor Lusavori\u00e7, Surb Ecmiadsin, Surb Hakob, Surb Hogi, Surb Hripsime, Surb Marine, Surb Nigo\u011fayos, Surb N\u0131\u015fan, Po\u011fos-Petros, Surb Sargis, Surb Simeon, Surb Sopi, Surb Stepanos kiliseleridir. Kral II. Levon, Surb Stepanos kilisesinde g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kiliselerde, yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya restorasyonlar\u0131yla ilgili yaz\u0131lar, freskler ve s\u00fcslemeler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Sis\u2019te ayr\u0131ca Asurlu, Yunanl\u0131, Ha\u00e7l\u0131, Cenoval\u0131 ve Venediklilere ait kiliseler bulunmaktayd\u0131. Asur katolikosu XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Sis\u2019te oturmaktayd\u0131. \u015eehrin \u00e7evresinde de Ermeni ve Asur manast\u0131rlar\u0131 ve kiliseleri bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sis\u2019in dini kurumlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda bilim ve yaz\u0131m merkezleri olmu\u015ftur. \u015eehirde, ba\u015fkente yak\u0131\u015fan y\u00fcksek okullar vard\u0131, bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda, Ermeni bilim ve yaz\u0131m d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc uzmanlar\u0131ndan M\u0131khitar Go\u015f, Kirakos Gandzaketsi, Vardan Areveltsi (XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l) ve di\u011ferlerinin e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu Nerses Lambronatsi\u2019nin \u00fcniversitesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcn kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hovhannes Yerz\u0131nkatsi\u2019nin belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re Sis\u2019te ayr\u0131ca bir t\u0131p \u00fcniversitesi e\u011fitim vermekteydi. Sis\u2019te zengin ve \u00e7ok dilli kitaplarla bezeli k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler vard\u0131. Farkl\u0131 bilim dallar\u0131yla ilgili \u00e7ok say\u0131da elyazmas\u0131 burada yarat\u0131l\u0131p kopyalanmaktayd\u0131. Bu kitaplardan on be\u015f kadar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Toplumsal-hay\u0131r kurulu\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7inden, 1241 y\u0131l\u0131nda krali\u00e7e Zabel\u2019in kurdu\u011fu Sis hastanesi \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Krali\u00e7enin kendisi, hastanenin ilk g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc hastabak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan olmu\u015ftur. Sis\u2019te s\u0131k-s\u0131k d\u00fcnyevi ve dini etkinlikler, ta\u00e7 giyme t\u00f6renleri, yabanc\u0131 el\u00e7ilerin kabul\u00fc, kilise toplant\u0131lar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131p \u00f6nemli kararlar al\u0131nmaktayd\u0131. Kilikya Ermeni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hen\u00fcz g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, yabanc\u0131 istil\u00e2c\u0131lar ve depremler taraf\u0131ndan \u015fehirde meydana gelen tahribatlar h\u0131zla restore edilmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Lakin XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda siyasi durumun k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmesiyle Kilikya Ermeni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan gelen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc darbelere dayanamaz. Sultan Melik A\u015fraf\u2019\u0131n ordular\u0131 1375 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kilikya\u2019ya ak\u0131n edip Sis \u015fehrini ku\u015fat\u0131r. T\u00fcm \u015fehrin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc-k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc, kad\u0131nl\u0131-erkekli olarak d\u00fc\u015fmana kahramanca kar\u015f\u0131 koymas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u015fehri kurtarmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaz ve 1375 y\u0131l\u0131 bahar\u0131nda Sis \u015fehri d\u00fc\u015fman taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilip talana ve y\u0131k\u0131ma maruz kal\u0131r. O andan itibaren Kilikya Ermeni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sona erer. Toplu katliamlardan kurtulanlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu kral V. Levon ve di\u011fer soylularla birlikte esir al\u0131narak M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu olaydan sonra Sis \u015fehri uzunca bir s\u00fcre T\u00fcrkmen a\u015firetlerinin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na ve \u00e7apulculuklar\u0131na maruz kal\u0131r. 1487 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fehir Osmanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilir.<\/p>\n

Sis Ermenileri, krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra ve yabanc\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyet alt\u0131nda da bir \u015fekilde \u015fehri idare etme hakk\u0131n\u0131 ellerinde tutmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. 1915-18 y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar Sis\u2019te 10000 Ermeni ya\u015famakta tar\u0131m, zanaatlar ve ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fmaktayd\u0131. 6 kiliseleri ve5 okullar\u0131 vard\u0131. XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren \u015fehirde, Kilikya Katolikoslu\u011fu\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 ruhban okulu faaliyet g\u00f6stermekteydi.<\/p>\n

Sis Ermenileri, 1909 katliamlar\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck darbe ald\u0131lar ve 1915-18 y\u0131llar\u0131nda topluca imha edildiler veya T\u00fcrk katliamc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan tehcir edildiler.<\/p>\n

30 May\u0131s 1920 T\u00fcrk-Frans\u0131z ate\u015fkes antla\u015fmas\u0131yla Sis \u015fehri T\u00fcrklere teslim edilince, kalan Ermeniler de vatanlar\u0131n\u0131 terk edip g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, kral I. Hetum\u2019un saray\u0131, kale surlar\u0131, kuleler ve kiliselerin \u00e7ileke\u015f harabeleri \u015fehrin bir zamanlar\u0131n g\u00f6rkeminin kan\u0131tlar\u0131 olarak durmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u00fczisyen Grigor Khul (XII. y\u00fczy\u0131l), tarih\u00e7i, din adam\u0131 ve siyaset\u00e7i Nerses Palianetsi (XIII.-XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l), yazar Grigor G\u00fclyan (1912-1974), New York Bilimler Akademisi \u00fcyesi ve Ermenistan Bilimler Akademisi yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fcyesi, biyokimya uzman\u0131 Manase Sevak (Karag\u00f6zyan) (1897-1967) vd. Sis do\u011fumludur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sis, Assis, Assisum, Kozan, Komnat, Hisn Sisiya, Sebastoz, Sisa, Sisan, Sisia, Sisiye, Sisin, Sision Kastron, Sisuan, Ossia. Oval\u0131k Kilikya\u2019n\u0131n Adana Vilayeti\u2019nde, Kozan Kazas\u0131\u2019ndaki Sis Nehri ve bu nehrin bir kolu olan Antsm\u0131ntsuk Deresi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, Sis Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fu yamac\u0131nda ve kayal\u0131k eteklerinde, deniz seviyesinin 290 m. y\u00fcksekli\u011finde bulunan \u015fehir. \u015eehir, Oval\u0131k Kilikya\u2019n\u0131n geni\u015f ve verimli topraklar\u0131, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9892","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sehirler-ilceler-iller-kilikya-kilikya-iller-kilikya-kilikya"],"yoast_head":"\nSis - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/11\/19\/sis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sis - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sis, Assis, Assisum, Kozan, Komnat, Hisn Sisiya, Sebastoz, Sisa, Sisan, Sisia, Sisiye, Sisin, Sision Kastron, Sisuan, Ossia. 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