{"id":9556,"date":"2011-11-03T02:10:22","date_gmt":"2011-11-03T07:10:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=9556"},"modified":"2011-11-03T02:10:22","modified_gmt":"2011-11-03T07:10:22","slug":"azinlik-vakiflarina-ait-tasinmazlarin-iadesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/11\/03\/azinlik-vakiflarina-ait-tasinmazlarin-iadesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Az\u0131nl\u0131k vak\u0131flar\u0131na ait ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n iadesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131, Rum, Ermeni ve Musevilerden olu\u015fan gayrim\u00fcslimleri \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d kabul etmi\u015ftir. Antla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re az\u0131nl\u0131klar t\u00fcm yurtta\u015flar\u0131n yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasi ve medeni haklardan yararlan\u0131r. Az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa mensup ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmelerinde herhangi bir sorun yoktur. Ancak cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n veya az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa mensup bireylerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmelerinde s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmeleri ile ilgili tarihi s\u00fcreci k\u0131saca aktaral\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde, \u0130mparatorluk s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan az\u0131nl\u0131klara \u00f6zel bir stat\u00fc tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda az\u0131nl\u0131klar padi\u015fah fermanlar\u0131 ile sahip olduklar\u0131 (kilise, manast\u0131r, havra ve sinagog gibi) ibadet yerlerinin bak\u0131m\u0131 ve korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dini; okullar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ilmi ve hastanelerin veya di\u011fer hayri faaliyetlerin ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hayri vak\u0131flar kurmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 hukuk sisteminde vak\u0131flar\u0131n 1912 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi bulunmamakta idi. Cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak bir t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip olamamalar\u0131 nedeni ile cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvendikleri hakiki \u015fah\u0131slar (nam-\u0131 m\u00fcstear) veya bir hukuki \u015fah\u0131s olarak art\u0131k mevcut olmayan (nam-\u0131 mevhum) tarihi ya da dini \u015fah\u0131slar ad\u0131na kaydettirmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal iktisab\u0131 \u201cE\u015fh\u00e2s-\u0131 H\u00fckmiyenin Emvali Gayrimenkule ye Tasarruflar\u0131na Dair Kanunu Muvakkat\u201d ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vak\u0131flara 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda (hicri takvime g\u00f6re 16 \u015eubat 1328) \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u201cE\u015fhas-\u0131 H\u00fckmiyenin Emvali Gayrimenkuleye Tasarrufu Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u201dla t\u00fczel ki\u015filik kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sayede di\u011fer vak\u0131flarla birlikte cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinmelerine imkan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r Kanunun ge\u00e7ici f\u0131kras\u0131nda ise, T\u00fcrk hay\u0131r kurumlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u015fimdiye kadar \u201cnam\u0131 m\u00fcstear ile tasarruf oluna gelen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n Kanun\u2019un yay\u0131m\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde ba\u015fvurmalar\u0131 halinde, kurumlar ad\u0131na tescil edilece\u011fi, alt\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde tapuya ba\u015fvurmayan veya davay\u0131 gerektiren bir hal var olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen davaya konu yap\u0131lmayan yerler hakk\u0131nda, bundan sonra kurumlara ait oldu\u011fu yolundaki iddialar\u0131n dinlenemeyece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 2762 say\u0131l\u0131 Vak\u0131flar Kanunu, cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinmelerini yasaklayan bir h\u00fck\u00fcm i\u00e7ermemekteydi. \u00dcstelik Kanun\u2019un 44. maddesi vak\u0131flar\u0131n tasarrufunda bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n bu vak\u0131flar ad\u0131na tescili h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kanun\u2019un ge\u00e7ici 1. maddesi ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunan t\u00fcm vak\u0131flara sahip olduklar\u0131 mallar\u0131, gelirleri, giderleri ve vak\u0131flar\u0131 ile ilgili di\u011fer hususlar\u0131 bildirme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirilmi\u015ftir. Uygulamada \u201c1936 Beyannamesi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu bildirimler, Yarg\u0131tay taraf\u0131ndan vak\u0131f senedi olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. 1936 Beyannamesi az\u0131nl\u0131k vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n gayrimenkullerinin tespiti i\u00e7in 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda Vak\u0131flar Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019nce istenen ve i\u00e7inde sadece sahip olduklar\u0131 gayrimenkullerin say\u0131 ve adreslerinin bulundu\u011fu listedir.<\/p>\n

Kanunu\u2019nun 44. maddesinde yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenleme ile \u00fclkemizde bulunan yabanc\u0131 t\u00fczelki\u015filerin mevcut mal varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tapuya tescil ettirilmesi ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu do\u011frultuda Vak\u0131flar Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Vak\u0131flar Kanunu\u2019nun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda 6 ay s\u00fcre vererek 44. maddede belirtilen belgelere dayal\u0131 olarak beyanname doldurmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in, cemaat mensuplar\u0131ndan bir beyanname istemi\u015ftir. Vakfiyeleri olsun veya olmas\u0131n doldurulan bu beyannameler bir bak\u0131ma cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n vakfiyesi say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu beyannamede g\u00f6sterilen mallar vakf\u0131n mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kabul edilmi\u015f, burada belirtilen hizmet alanlar\u0131 da daha sonra g\u00f6sterecekleri faaliyetler i\u00e7in ama\u00e7 olarak benimsenmi\u015ftir Bu kapsamda nam-\u0131 m\u00fcstear veya nam-\u0131 mevhumlar ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 bulunan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131 ad\u0131na tescili y\u00f6n\u00fcnde giri\u015fimler ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131 Vak\u0131flar Kanunu\u2019nun getirdi\u011fi serbesti i\u00e7inde 1974 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinme imkan\u0131 bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay ve Dan\u0131\u015ftay da 1974 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinebilecekleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kararlar vermekteydi. Ancak Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 08.05.1974 tarihli karar\u0131 ile cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n yeni ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinmelerinin \u00f6n\u00fc kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019na g\u00f6re, nas\u0131l ki bir vakf\u0131n vak\u0131fnamesinde mal edinme i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k olmayan hallerde vak\u0131f t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi mal edinemezse; beyannamelerinde ba\u011f\u0131\u015f kabul edecekleri yolunda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k olmayan cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131 da gerek do\u011frudan do\u011fruya, gerekse vasiyet yolu ile ta\u015f\u0131nmaz iktisap edemezler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc vasiyeti kabul, yarar\u0131na vasiyet yap\u0131lana ait bir hakt\u0131r. V\u00e2k\u0131f (vakfeden) vak\u0131fnamesinde izin vermedik\u00e7e onun iradesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p mal kabul olunamaz.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun bu karar\u0131 nedeni ile cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n tasarrufunda bulunup da 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda verdikleri beyannamelerinde yer almayan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 edinmelerinin ya da 1936 Beyannamesi\u2019nde \u201cta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinebilece\u011fine ya da ba\u011f\u0131\u015f kabul edebilece\u011fine\u201d ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan vak\u0131flar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinmelerinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015f, uygulama da bu karar do\u011frultusunda geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu tarihten sonra 1936 Beyannamesi\u2019nde \u201cvakf\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinebilece\u011fine ya da ba\u011f\u0131\u015f kabul edebilece\u011fine\u201d ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan vak\u0131flar\u0131n edindikleri ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n tapular\u0131n\u0131n iptali i\u00e7in Vak\u0131flar Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya da Hazine taraf\u0131ndan tapu iptali davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinmeleri konusunun \u00fclkemizi uluslararas\u0131 arenada s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya sokan as\u0131l y\u00f6n\u00fc, cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n 1936 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra edindikleri ve tapu sicilinde kendi adlar\u0131na kaydettirdikleri ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n tapular\u0131n\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 08.05.1974 tarihli karar\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek iptal ettirilmesidir.<\/p>\n

1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Vak\u0131flar Kanunu\u2019nda cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz edinmelerine ili\u015fkin herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama bulunmazken 1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kararla, cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda verdikleri beyannamelerde yer almayan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 edinmelerinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1936 y\u0131l\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a uzun bir s\u00fcre sonra, cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n Vak\u0131flar Kanunu\u2019na ve Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na uygun olarak edindikleri ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti vak\u0131flardan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1974 tarihli Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131 sonras\u0131 cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131nca 1936-1974 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f, vasiyet ve sat\u0131n alma yoluyla edinilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar tekrar eski maliklerine iade edilmi\u015f, bu mallar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Hazine, Vak\u0131flar Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slara ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.
\n27 A\u011fustos 2011 tarihli Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131nlanan 651 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname ile Vak\u0131flar Kanunu\u2019na Ge\u00e7ici 11. Madde eklendi. Bu d\u00fczenleme cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131na ait mallar\u0131n iadesini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re az\u0131nl\u0131k vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n 1936\u2019dan sonra edindikleri ve 1974\u2019ten sonra Hazine\u2019ye devredilen gayrimenkulleri geri verilecek.<\/p>\n

An\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re: \u201cCemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n;
\na) 1936 Beyannamesinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 olup malik hanesi a\u00e7\u0131k olan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131,
\nb) 1936 Beyannamesinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 olup kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, sat\u0131\u015f ve trampa d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki nedenlerle Hazine, Vak\u0131flar Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, belediye ve il \u00f6zel idaresi ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131,
\nc) 1936 Beyannamesinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 olup kamu kurumlar\u0131 ad\u0131na tescilli olan mezarl\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fmeleri, tapu kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndaki hak ve m\u00fckellefiyetleri ile birlikte bu maddenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten itibaren on iki ay i\u00e7inde m\u00fcracaat edilmesi halinde, Meclisin olumlu karar\u0131ndan sonra, ilgili tapu sicil m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerince cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131 ad\u0131na tescil edilir.
\nCemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f veya cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131na vasiyet edildi\u011fi veya ba\u011f\u0131\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, mal edinememe gerek\u00e7esiyle Hazine veya Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck ad\u0131na tapuda kay\u0131t edilen ta\u015f\u0131nmazlardan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slar ad\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 olanlar\u0131n Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca tespit edilen rayi\u00e7 de\u011feri Hazine veya Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denir.
\nBu maddenin uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar y\u00f6netmelikle d\u00fczenlenir\u201d.
\nSonu\u00e7 olarak; cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n 1936-1974 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yasalara uygun olarak edindikleri ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mallar\u0131n\u0131n tapular\u0131 1974 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra iptal edilmi\u015ftir. Yukar\u0131da aktar\u0131lan yeni d\u00fczenleme ile haks\u0131z bir \u015fekilde cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n elinden al\u0131nan ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n\u0131n iadesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu haktan yararlanmak i\u00e7in 12 ayl\u0131k ba\u015fvuru s\u00fcresinin ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.kurumsalhaberler.com\/gayrimenkulhukukuenstitusu\/bultenler\/azinlik-vakiflarina-ait-tasinmazlarin-iadesi\/<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131, Rum, Ermeni ve Musevilerden olu\u015fan gayrim\u00fcslimleri \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d kabul etmi\u015ftir. Antla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re az\u0131nl\u0131klar t\u00fcm yurtta\u015flar\u0131n yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasi ve medeni haklardan yararlan\u0131r. Az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa mensup ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmelerinde herhangi bir sorun yoktur. Ancak cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n veya az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa mensup bireylerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmelerinde s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmeleri ile ilgili tarihi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9557,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,15,42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9556","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-haklarimiz","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nAz\u0131nl\u0131k vak\u0131flar\u0131na ait ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n iadesi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/11\/03\/azinlik-vakiflarina-ait-tasinmazlarin-iadesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Az\u0131nl\u0131k vak\u0131flar\u0131na ait ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n iadesi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131, Rum, Ermeni ve Musevilerden olu\u015fan gayrim\u00fcslimleri \u201caz\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d kabul etmi\u015ftir. Antla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re az\u0131nl\u0131klar t\u00fcm yurtta\u015flar\u0131n yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasi ve medeni haklardan yararlan\u0131r. Az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa mensup ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filerin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmelerinde herhangi bir sorun yoktur. Ancak cemaat vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n veya az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa mensup bireylerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmelerinde s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. 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