{"id":929,"date":"2010-06-09T02:17:33","date_gmt":"2010-06-09T07:17:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=929"},"modified":"2010-06-09T02:17:33","modified_gmt":"2010-06-09T07:17:33","slug":"ermeni-gumus-ustalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/06\/09\/ermeni-gumus-ustalari\/","title":{"rendered":"Ermeni G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ustalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

‘Van’da g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve alt\u0131n i\u015fiyle u\u011fra\u015fan kuyumcular\u0131n kimi din adam\u0131, kimiyse s\u0131radan insanlard\u0131. Ustalar Vasburagan’daki manast\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki at\u00f6lyelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6y k\u00f6y dola\u015f\u0131p \u00e7ok say\u0131da m\u00fc\u015fteriye ula\u015fan gezgin ustalar vard\u0131” <\/em><\/p>\n

Celal \u00dcster’in kitap kriti\u011fi<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k’tan \u00e7\u0131kan Ermeni G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Ustalar\u0131 adl\u0131 kitap, \u00fclkemizde nerdeyse Ermeni ustalarla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015f g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi \u00fcst\u00fcne benzersiz bir kaynak olu\u015fturuyor. Bu de\u011ferli incelemeyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Osep Tokat bir sanat tarih\u00e7isi de\u011fil, ama g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fe duydu\u011fu derin sevgi onu Ermenilerin bu alanda \u00e7ok eskilere uzanan ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle Ermeni g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin derin miras\u0131n\u0131 incelemeye y\u00f6neltmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Tokat, Ki\u011f\u0131 il\u00e7esinin Cermag (Zermek\/Zermak) k\u00f6y\u00fcnde do\u011fan, 1986’da Los Angeles’a yerle\u015fen Osep Tokat, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, akl\u0131na \u00f6ncelikle bu konuda \u00e7ok \u00f6zel bir yeri olan Van kenti gelmi\u015f. Bu miras\u0131 olu\u015fturan \u0130stanbul, Kayseri, \u0130zmir, \u0130zmit, Trabzon, Erzurum, Diyarbak\u0131r gibi \u00f6b\u00fcr \u00f6nemli merkezleri de unutmadan.<\/p>\n

C\u0130LTL\u0130, B\u00dcY\u00dcK BOY, RENKL\u0130<\/p>\n

Ermeni G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Ustalar\u0131 kitab\u0131, temelde Van ve dolaylar\u0131ndaki geleneksel Ermeni g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fini i\u015flemekle birlikte, T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Vanl\u0131 ustalar\u0131n katk\u0131lar\u0131yla canlanan g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fini de kaps\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Osep Tokat’\u0131n, Ermeni g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fini ge\u00e7mi\u015ften bug\u00fcnlere en yetkin \u00f6rneklerinin zengin g\u00f6rselli\u011fiyle sundu\u011fu kitab\u0131n ciltli, b\u00fcy\u00fck boy ve renkli olarak bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, bu denli incelikli bir zanaat\u0131n olanca g\u00fczelli\u011fi ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serilmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

8. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kilikya’da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve alt\u0131n kaplamal\u0131 mihrap ha\u00e7\u0131; Vanl\u0131 Garabed Hayrabedyan ustan\u0131n elinden \u00e7\u0131kma, 1883 tarihli, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve bak\u0131rdan yap\u0131lma, yar\u0131 de\u011ferli ta\u015flarla bezeli kutsal ya\u011fdanl\u0131k; bir ba\u015fka Ermeni ustan\u0131n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kafkas usul\u00fc haz\u0131rlay\u0131p savatlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kemer; Hayg Garabedyan usta taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Sasunlu Tavit tasvirli savatl\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f tabaka; T\u00fcrkiye’de Bal\u0131k ve Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 Karekin Deveciyan’\u0131n ailesine ait olan, Ermeni manast\u0131rlar\u0131 tasvirli, savatl\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \u015farap kadehleri ve daha pek \u00e7oklar\u0131, Ermeni sanat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli okullar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm geleneklerini yans\u0131tan Van g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fini \u00f6rnekliyor.<\/p>\n

H\u00dcNERL\u0130 USTALAR<\/p>\n

Osep Tokat, asl\u0131na bak\u0131lacak olursa g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin alt\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin bir kolu say\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, ama Vanl\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu kuyumcunun daha \u00e7ok g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f i\u015flerini ye\u011fledi\u011fini vurguluyor. Van’da alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f i\u015fleri, h\u00fcnerli ustalar eliyle, t\u00fcm \u00f6teki zanaatlar\u0131 geride b\u0131rakarak yetkin bir d\u00fczeye eri\u015fmi\u015f, kusursuz bir sanat olup \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f:<\/p>\n

’19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Van’da 120 kuyumcu at\u00f6lyesi d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131 ve alt\u0131n g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f at\u00f6lyesi vard\u0131. Bu at\u00f6lyelerde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6steren ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00fcst\u00fcn bir i\u015f\u00e7ilik eseri olan pipolar, kutular, kadehler, fincanlar, sa\u00e7 tokalar\u0131, mutfak aletleri, y\u00fcks\u00fckler, \u00e7ay s\u00fczge\u00e7leri, kemerler, yaz\u0131 tak\u0131mlar\u0131, dolmakalemler ve k\u0131rtasiye, k\u00e2seler, s\u00fcrahiler, kilise t\u00f6renlerinde kullan\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli e\u015fyalar ve bezekler \u00fcretiliyordu. Her y\u0131l Van’da yap\u0131lan bin bir \u00e7e\u015fit g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f e\u015fya \u0130stanbul’da, Avrupa’da, Afrika’da, ABD’de ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda sat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131…’<\/p>\n

M\u0130NE VE SAVAT TEKN\u0130KLER\u0130<\/p>\n

Osep Tokat, Van g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ustalar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli teknikler kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bunlar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131n\u0131n da mine (ardznagidum ya da ardznabadum) ve savat (sevad ya da sevadabadum) teknikleri oldu\u011funu, savat\u0131n Ermeni sanat tarihinde \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir yeri bulundu\u011funu belirtiyor. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda savat Van’dan T\u00fcrkiye’nin Erzurum, Sivas, \u0130stanbul, Adana, \u0130zmir, Diyarbak\u0131r gibi kentlerine yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, savat tekni\u011fi Kafkasya’ya ve daha sonra Rusya’ya kadar uzanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Van ve Tebriz’den ustalar\u0131n imzalar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00e7e\u015fitli savat form\u00fclleri zaman\u0131m\u0131za kadar gelmi\u015f. Bunlar i\u00e7inde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan, Hayg Garabedyan’\u0131n form\u00fcl\u00fc olmu\u015f:<\/p>\n

‘Bir \u00f6l\u00e7ek has g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, iki \u00f6l\u00e7ek has bak\u0131r ve \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00e7ek kalay, bir \u00e7\u00f6mlekte kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak eritilir. Bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131ma e\u015fit miktarda k\u00fck\u00fcrt ilave edilir. Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ar\u0131tmak i\u00e7in bir miktar boraks serpilir. Suda so\u011futulur ve d\u00f6v\u00fcl\u00fcp toz haline getirilir (b\u00f6ylece savat tozu ya da savat elde edilmi\u015f olur). Bu toz kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeylere uygulan\u0131r. Bu uygulamadan \u00f6nce y\u00fczeyleri be\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc boraks, iki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc tuz ve bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc suda eritilmi\u015f potasyum kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla s\u0131vamak gerekmektedir. Obje \u0131s\u0131t\u0131larak savat tozu eritilir, b\u00f6ylece olduk\u00e7a d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir savat ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f y\u00fczey elde edilir. \u0130nce bir z\u0131mparayla y\u00fczey temizlendikten sonra desen ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar”<\/p>\n

BEZEME SANATI<\/p>\n

Kitapta, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve alt\u0131n i\u015flerinde Ermeni bezeme sanat\u0131 konusunda kapsaml\u0131 bilgiler sunuluyor okuyucuya. Van’da Ermeni alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kuyumculu\u011fu ise ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm olu\u015fturuyor:<\/p>\n

‘Van’da g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve alt\u0131n i\u015fiyle u\u011fra\u015fan kuyumcular\u0131n kimi din adam\u0131, kimiyse s\u0131radan insanlard\u0131. Ustalar Vasburagan’daki manast\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki at\u00f6lyelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6y k\u00f6y dola\u015f\u0131p \u00e7ok say\u0131da m\u00fc\u015fteriye ula\u015fan gezgin ustalar vard\u0131”<\/p>\n

Vanl\u0131 ustalar\u0131n pek az\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 sonraki ku\u015faklara kalm\u0131\u015f. Bunlar aras\u0131nda Der (Peder) Sahag ve Harutyun’u saymak olas\u0131. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, Hovhannes Borozanc\u0131yan’\u0131; yarat\u0131c\u0131 Ermeni sanat\u0131n\u0131n doru\u011fu say\u0131lan g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ‘K\u00fcre’siyle \u00fcnl\u00fc Kevork Kuyumcuba\u015fyan’\u0131; tepsileri, mektup kutular\u0131, fincan zarflar\u0131, tatl\u0131 tabaklar\u0131yla tan\u0131nan Dikran Avakyan’\u0131; semaverleri ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc zarif i\u015fleriyle \u00fcnl\u00fc Markar \u011ealamkaryan’\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

N\u0130\u015eAN Y\u00dcZ\u00dc\u011e\u00dc \u00c7ANTALARI<\/p>\n

Kitapta verilen \u00f6rneklerin en inceliklileri aras\u0131nda ‘savatl\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ni\u015fan y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7antalar\u0131’ hemen g\u00f6ze \u00e7arp\u0131yor. Bu \u00e7anta ya da kutular, \u00e7ok eskilere uzanan bir gelene\u011fin objeleri:<\/p>\n

‘M\u00fcstakbel g\u00fcveyin aile papaz\u0131, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f bir kutuya yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ipek mendile sar\u0131l\u0131 ni\u015fan y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcveyin elinden al\u0131r ve y\u00f6renin ruhani kurulunun ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan piskoposa g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc; piskopos y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kutsay\u0131p m\u00fcstakbel gelinin aile papaz\u0131na verir, o da kutuyu g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp k\u0131z\u0131n ailesine teslim ederdi”<\/p>\n

\u00a0Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k’tan \u00e7\u0131kan Ermeni G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Ustalar\u0131, 2005’te Erivan’da Ermenice-\u0130ngilizce olarak bas\u0131lan Hay Ardzatakordz Varbedner, Armenian Master Silversmiths adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7e-\u0130ngilizce bask\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ben konunun uzman\u0131 de\u011filim, ama kitab\u0131 okurken hem ustalar\u0131 gittik\u00e7e azalan bir zanaat\u0131n Anadolu’daki derinliklerine uzanma, hem de g\u00f6rsel bir \u015f\u00f6lenin zevkine varma olana\u011f\u0131 buldum.<\/p>\n

haber7.com, 07.06.2010<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

‘Van’da g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve alt\u0131n i\u015fiyle u\u011fra\u015fan kuyumcular\u0131n kimi din adam\u0131, kimiyse s\u0131radan insanlard\u0131. Ustalar Vasburagan’daki manast\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki at\u00f6lyelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6y k\u00f6y dola\u015f\u0131p \u00e7ok say\u0131da m\u00fc\u015fteriye ula\u015fan gezgin ustalar vard\u0131” Celal \u00dcster’in kitap kriti\u011fi Bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k’tan \u00e7\u0131kan Ermeni G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Ustalar\u0131 adl\u0131 kitap, \u00fclkemizde nerdeyse Ermeni ustalarla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015f g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi \u00fcst\u00fcne benzersiz bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\nErmeni G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ustalar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/06\/09\/ermeni-gumus-ustalari\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ermeni G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ustalar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"‘Van’da g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve alt\u0131n i\u015fiyle u\u011fra\u015fan kuyumcular\u0131n kimi din adam\u0131, kimiyse s\u0131radan insanlard\u0131. Ustalar Vasburagan’daki manast\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki at\u00f6lyelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6y k\u00f6y dola\u015f\u0131p \u00e7ok say\u0131da m\u00fc\u015fteriye ula\u015fan gezgin ustalar vard\u0131” Celal \u00dcster’in kitap kriti\u011fi Bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k’tan \u00e7\u0131kan Ermeni G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f Ustalar\u0131 adl\u0131 kitap, \u00fclkemizde nerdeyse Ermeni ustalarla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015f g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi \u00fcst\u00fcne benzersiz bir […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/06\/09\/ermeni-gumus-ustalari\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-06-09T07:17:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2010\/06\/Hay-varpetnery_21.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"270\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"390\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"kalem\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"kalem\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/2010\\\/06\\\/09\\\/ermeni-gumus-ustalari\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/2010\\\/06\\\/09\\\/ermeni-gumus-ustalari\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"kalem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c\"},\"headline\":\"Ermeni G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ustalar\u0131\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-06-09T07:17:33+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/2010\\\/06\\\/09\\\/ermeni-gumus-ustalari\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1204,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/2010\\\/06\\\/09\\\/ermeni-gumus-ustalari\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2010\\\/06\\\/Hay-varpetnery_21.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Haberler\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/2010\\\/06\\\/09\\\/ermeni-gumus-ustalari\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/2010\\\/06\\\/09\\\/ermeni-gumus-ustalari\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ermeni G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ustalar\u0131 - 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