{"id":785,"date":"2010-01-09T04:34:56","date_gmt":"2010-01-09T09:34:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=785"},"modified":"2010-01-09T04:34:56","modified_gmt":"2010-01-09T09:34:56","slug":"tuspa-van","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/01\/09\/tuspa-van\/","title":{"rendered":"Tu\u015fpa-Van"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019den Van kayas\u0131 ve kaleye bak\u0131\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tosp ve Vantosp olarak da an\u0131lan bu \u015fehir, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski \u015fehirlerinden biridir. M.\u00d6. 363 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pers ordular\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019a sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Persler, yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda Van \u015fehri i\u00e7in \u015eamiramakert (\u015eamiram\u2019\u0131n kurdu\u011fu) ismini kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. M.\u00d6. IX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortas\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle Asur ak\u0131nlar\u0131 sonucunda, Aram (Aramu, M.\u00d6. 860-843), Nairi \u00dclkesi\u2019nin Ermeni boylar\u0131 ve \u015fehir-devletlerini ortak bir devlete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmlar\u0131na ba\u015flar. B\u00f6ylece, Aram, Nairi \u00dclkesi\u2019nin Urartu Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (Ermeni Ararat Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, M.\u00d6. 860-580) kurucusu olarak kabul edilir. I. Sarturi (M.\u00d6. 835-825) birle\u015fik krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fkenti olan Tu\u015fpa-Van \u015fehrini Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda kurar. Bir taraf\u0131nda g\u00f6l, di\u011ferinde ise s\u0131rada\u011flar bulundu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 Van \u015fehri, g\u00fcneyden gelen sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 Ardza\u015fku (Arza\u015fku, Arci\u015f, Erci\u015f) \u015fehrine nazaran stratejik a\u00e7\u0131dan daha korumal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u015eehrin Tu\u015fpa ismi, g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 \u015eiuini\u2019nin e\u015fi Tu\u015fpuea\u2019dan gelmektedir. Bu iki tanr\u0131lar\u0131n tap\u0131naklar\u0131 Tu\u015fpa\u2019da bulunmaktayd\u0131. Van ismi ise Biaynili isminden do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Kral Sarduri, Van kayas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, devasa ta\u015flarla, do\u011fu-bat\u0131 ekseninde 1800 m, kuzeyden-g\u00fcneye ise 120m uzunlu\u011funda, i\u00e7kalesi bulunan sa\u011flam surlar in\u015fa ettirir. Kalenin \u00fczerinde, Akat dilinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131 kitabede Sarduri, kendisini bu kaleyi ta\u015flardan in\u015fa etmi\u015f olan b\u00fcy\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmdar, evrenin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131, Nairi h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 olarak anmaktad\u0131r. Kayan\u0131n i\u00e7ine do\u011fru \u00e7e\u015fitli odalar, yatakhaneler, hazine daireleri ve gizli ge\u00e7itler oydurur.<\/p>\n

I. Menua (M.\u00d6. 810-786), \u015fehre bol su getirmek, tarlalar\u0131, bah\u00e7eleri ve \u00e7i\u00e7eklikleri sulamak amac\u0131yla 70-80 km uzunlu\u011funda, 4,5m geni\u015fli\u011finde ve 1,5m derinli\u011finde bir kanal yapt\u0131r\u0131r ve onu Menua Kanal\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131r. Bu kanal yer-yer delinen kayalar\u0131n i\u00e7inden veya 15-20m y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki geni\u015f duvarlar\u0131n \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7irilir. Kanal bug\u00fcn dahi kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kral Menua, Babil\u2019in me\u015fhur asma bah\u00e7elerinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kopyalar\u0131n\u0131 da yapt\u0131r\u0131r. \u015eehir, geni\u015f sokaklarla b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Hamamlar, iki ve \u00fc\u00e7 katl\u0131 konaklar in\u015fa edilir.<\/p>\n

Marlar\u2019\u0131n kral\u0131 Ajdahak (M.\u00d6. 585-550) Babile kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131rken, Paruyr\u2019un ailesinden Yervand Sakavakyats (kanaatk\u00e2r), Tu\u015fpa \u015fehrini ele ge\u00e7irerek Yervandavan olarak adland\u0131r\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece, Yervanduni ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 (M.\u00d6. 580-201) Van\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Van \u015fehri, daha sonra Vaspurakan Ardzruni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (908-1021) ba\u015fkenti olur. Kral I. Gagik (908-943) Van\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7kalesini onararak i\u00e7kalenin i\u00e7ine birka\u00e7 kilise, kayakalesinin i\u00e7ine de kral saray\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa ettirir. Ayr\u0131ca, Varak Da\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan Van\u2019a uzanan bir yeralt\u0131 su kanal\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131r. Van G\u00f6l\u00fc k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, Akhtamar Adas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan, \u015fahane yerle\u015fimiyle Ermeni Ararat Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Vostan \u015fehrinin i\u00e7kalesini onard\u0131ktan sonra Aziz Astvadzadzin ve Aziz Stepanos kiliselerini de onar\u0131r. G\u00f6steri\u015fli bir kral saray\u0131 in\u015fa ettirir. Karmravank\u2019ta (K\u0131z\u0131l manast\u0131r) Aziz N\u0131\u015fan kilisesini ve Narek manast\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131r. 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 1000\u2019inci y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc an\u0131lan Grigor Narekatsi (Narekli, 951-1003) bu manast\u0131r\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f rahibidir.<\/p>\n

Gagik, ba\u015fkenti Akhtamar Adas\u0131\u2019na ta\u015f\u0131maya karar verir ve bu nedenle uzak k\u00f6ylerden iki tekerlekli arabalar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta ta\u015flar getirilerek adan\u0131n etraf\u0131 bu ta\u015flarla doldurulur. Bu ta\u015flarla, su y\u00fczeyinin be\u015f kangun \"\"<\/a>(2,5m) \u00fczerinde dalgak\u0131ran in\u015fa edilir ve bunun da \u00fczerine \u015fehrin etraf\u0131na y\u00fcksek bur\u00e7lar\u0131yla bir sur duvar\u0131 in\u015fa edilir. G\u00f6l\u00fcn bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da doldurularak dalgak\u0131ranlarla \u00e7evrilir ve b\u00f6ylece suni bir liman olu\u015fturulur. Bu liman da kuleler ve surlarla \u00e7evrilip d\u00f6vme demirden kap\u0131larla donat\u0131l\u0131r. Adada kral saray\u0131 ve Aziz Ha\u00e7 kilisesi (915-921) in\u015fa edilir.<\/p>\n

Aziz Ha\u00e7 Kilisesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mimar Manuel\u2019in bu eseri sadece Ermeni de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda uluslar aras\u0131 mimarl\u0131k sanat\u0131nda \u00f6rne\u011fi olmayan bir yap\u0131tt\u0131r. Kral Gagik\u2019in ye\u011feni Ye\u011fi\u015fe (Ye\u011fis) 921 y\u0131l\u0131nda episkopos olarak kutsan\u0131r ve b\u00f6ylece Vaspurakan Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (Akhtamar\u2019\u0131n) episkoposluk makam\u0131 kurulmu\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ahtamar Aziz Ha\u00e7 Kilisesi\u2019nin kabartmalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Arap Devleti i\u00e7in sava\u015fan paral\u0131 Sel\u00e7uk birliklerinin devaml\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve Bizans\u2019\u0131n Ermeni as\u0131ll\u0131 imparatoru II. Vasil\u2019in (957-1025) bask\u0131lar\u0131 sonucunda Vaspurakan kral\u0131 Senekerim Ardzruni (968-1021), 1021 tarihinde Vasil\u2019le yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 antla\u015fma sonucunda, Mezopotamya\u2019ya h\u00fckmetmeye kararl\u0131 olan Bizans i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir stratejik de\u011fere sahip olan Vaspurakan\u2019\u0131, 8 \u015fehri, 4000 k\u00f6y\u00fc, 72 kaleleri ve 115 manast\u0131rlar\u0131yla birlikte Bizans\u2019a teslim ederek, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019da bulunan Kapadokya Vilayeti\u2019ni, Sebastia (S\u0131vas) merkezi ve k\u00f6yleriyle birlikte Ardzrunilerin mirasl\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131 olarak al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Akhtamar\u2019\u0131 ziyaret eden bir Venedikli tacir \u201cAdada iki mil \u00e7apl\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u015fehir var. \u015eehir, ada boyutundad\u0131r. \u015eehrin ismi Armenik\u2019tir, ahalisi \u00e7oktur ve burada sadece Ermeni H\u0131ristiyanlar ya\u015famakta, hi\u00e7bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Burada bir\u00e7ok kilise var\u201d diye belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Mher Kap\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00fczerinde 40 Urartu tanr\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131tlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Van \u015fehri tarihte bir\u00e7ok kez el de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. 1387 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lenk-Timur taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgale u\u011frar. T\u00fcm n\u00fcfus kayalardan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 at\u0131lmak suretiyle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp Van kalesi y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r. XV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Karakoyunlu ve Akkoyunlu boylar\u0131 Van\u2019a sahip olurlar. XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u015fehir bir Osmanl\u0131, bir \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na dahil olur. 1548\u2019de Van, nihai olaak Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>O d\u00f6nemlerde Van\u2019da etkili Ermeni beyler ve beylerbeyiler bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 o derece etkili olmu\u015ftur ki, Van y\u00f6neticisini azledecek ve hatta onu dara\u011fac\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kartacak g\u00fcce sahip olmu\u015flard\u0131r. XVII., XVIII. ve hatta XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar Van\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren baz\u0131 Ermeni beylerin h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzak k\u00f6ylere kadar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu beyler, bask\u0131 rejiminden dolay\u0131 \u00e7ok kereler T\u00fcrkler ve K\u00fcrtlere kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 mukavemet g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Narek Manast\u0131r kopleksi 1915 \u00f6ncesinde<\/strong><\/p>\n

Van\u2019\u0131n ve Vaspurakan Ermenileri\u2019nin h\u00fcrriyetsever ruhlar\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131rmak, g\u00fc\u00e7lerini k\u0131rmak, beylerin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131rmak maksad\u0131yla bask\u0131lar, eziyetler ba\u015flar ve vergiler artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. As\u0131lzade veya basit vatanda\u015f, k\u00f6yl\u00fc veya zanaatk\u00e2r Van\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7meye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

1877-78 Rus-Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde, ticaretin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mesi maksad\u0131yla Van\u2019\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 ate\u015fe verilir. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, Ermeniler\u2019den orduya b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda ba\u011f\u0131\u015f yapmalar\u0131n\u0131 talep eder. Sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda ba\u015f g\u00f6steren fakirlik ve a\u00e7l\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta insan\u0131n hayat\u0131na mal olur.<\/p>\n

Halk\u0131n nefsi m\u00fcdafaa ve haklar\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131kma ruhunu y\u00fckseltmek amac\u0131yla 1872\u2019de \u201cBirlik ve Kurtulu\u015f\u201d, 1878\u2019de ise \u201cKara Ha\u00e7\u201d ve \u201cSilahl\u0131\u201d cemiyetleri kurulur. Sava\u015ftan d\u00f6nen T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrt askerler silahlar\u0131n\u0131 satt\u0131klar\u0131nda \u201cKara Ha\u00e7\u201d ve \u201cSilahl\u0131\u201d cemiyetleri bu silahlar\u0131 sat\u0131n alarak halk\u0131 silahland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1885\u2019te silah temin etmek, halk\u0131 silahland\u0131rmak, nefsi m\u00fcdafaaya haz\u0131rlamak, silahl\u0131 gruplar kurmak niyetiyle Armenakyan Milli Kurtulu\u015f Te\u015fkilat\u0131 kurulur. 1895\u2019in sonbahar\u0131nda Van ve \u00e7evre Ermeni yerle\u015fimleri jandarma ve askerlerle dolar. Soygun ve cinayetler artar.<\/p>\n

3 haziran 1896\u2019da Van katliam\u0131 ba\u015flar. H\u0131ristiyan Amerikan ve \u0130ngiliz el\u00e7ileri Ermenilere yard\u0131m edeceklerine K\u00fcrt s\u00fcvari birliklerine ve d\u00fczenli Osmanl\u0131 ordusuna yard\u0131m eder ve hatta \u015fahsen Osmanl\u0131 top\u00e7ular\u0131n\u0131 Ermeni mahallelerine y\u00f6nlendirirler. 8 haziranda Ermeniler sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcp \u00e7ok say\u0131da da top ele ge\u00e7irirler. Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n 9. g\u00fcn\u00fcnde taraflar ate\u015fkes \u015fartlar\u0131 konusunda anla\u015fmaya var\u0131rlar. Buna g\u00f6re \u015fehri savunan yakla\u015f\u0131k 1000 ki\u015fi silahlar\u0131yla serbest\u00e7e \u0130ran\u2019a ge\u00e7ecekler ve Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Van\u2019daki Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131lar\u0131ndan vaz ge\u00e7ecektir. Van\u2019\u0131 savunan gen\u00e7lerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015fehri terk ettikten sonra yolda sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011fray\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrler. T\u00fcrk ve K\u00fcrt \u00e7apulcular da savunmas\u0131z halk\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irir, kiliseleri ve Aygestan mahallesinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ate\u015fe verir. Bu olaylar \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Van olaylar\u0131\u201d olarak an\u0131l\u0131r ve kurtulanlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 E\u00e7miadzin\u2019e s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

8. yy. g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kadehleri, Urartu d\u00f6nemi alt\u0131n k\u00fcpe<\/strong><\/p>\n

1844 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f say\u0131mlardan en do\u011frusu olarak kabul edilenidir. Bu n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re \u0130mparatorluk s\u0131\u0131rlar\u0131 dahilinde 2 400 000 Ermeni bulunmakta, bunlar\u0131n 2 000 000\u2019u K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya vilayetlerinde, kalan\u0131 ise Avrupa K\u0131tas\u0131\u2019nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. 1877 resmi y\u0131ll\u0131\u011fa (Salmane-i Devleti Osmaniyye) g\u00f6re de Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ma\u011fakya ba\u015fepiskopos Ormanyan\u2019\u0131n verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re 1910\u2019da Van Vilayeti\u2019ndeki Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131 191 000\u2019dir. Konstandnupolis (\u0130stanbul, Konstantinopel) patrikhanesinin 1912 verilerine istinaden Van Vilayeti\u2019nde 185 000 Ermeni, 72 000 K\u00fcrt (\u015fehirliler T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmakta ve kendilerini \u201cOsmanl\u0131\u201d olarak kabul etmekteydi), 47 000 T\u00fcrk, 25 000 Yezidi bulunmaktayd\u0131. Teodik (Teodoros Lap\u00e7inciyan, 1873-1928), yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cAmenun Taretsuyts\u201d (herkesin y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131) y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 1922 n\u00fcshas\u0131nda, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 197 000 olarak vermektedir.<\/p>\n

Van\u2019da 11 Ermeni (biri \u015fehir i\u00e7inde, di\u011ferleri Aygestan mahallesinde, 2180 \u00f6\u011frencili), 6 amerikan ve 9 Frans\u0131z, vilayet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 dahilinde ise 120 Ermeni okulu bulunmaktayd\u0131. Var olan 4000 \u00f6\u011frencinin 3000\u2019i milli okullara gitmekteydi. \u015eehir i\u00e7inde 8 adet ta\u015f kilise vard\u0131, Aziz Ecmiatsin, Aziz Tsiranavor, Aziz N\u0131\u015fan veya Aziz Tiramayr, Aziz Petros, Aziz Po\u011fos, Aziz Sahak, Aziz Stepanos ve Aziz Vardan, bunlar\u0131n ikisi \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck olay\u201d esnas\u0131nda zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

\u015eehrin, Hosroviye Camii in\u015faat\u0131 (1558) Ermeni as\u0131ll\u0131 mimar Sinan\u2019a rivayet edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Van \u015fehrinde 5 matbaa bulunmakta ve de\u011fi\u015fik y\u0131llarda 24 Ermeni gazetesi yay\u0131nlanmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Modern Van \u015eehri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kafkas cephesinden ricat eden ordu ve K\u00fcrt \u00e7apulcu \u00e7eteleri, 1915 bahar\u0131nda azg\u0131nlar gibi k\u0131r\u0131mlara ba\u015flarlar. K\u00f6ylerden ka\u00e7anlar Van\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131r. Van \u015fehrinin Ermeni n\u00fcfusu 23 000\u2019den 70 000\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kar. Sald\u0131rganlar Ermenilerle mesk\u00fbn Aygestan mahallesini ku\u015fat\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece Aygestan\u2019\u0131n, \u015fehir i\u00e7indeki 3000 Ermeniyle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kesilir. Tecrit edilmi\u015f ve cephanesiz Vanl\u0131lar, k\u0131r\u0131mdan korunmak i\u00e7in barut ve mermi haz\u0131rlamaya ba\u015flar, hatta 2 adet top d\u00f6kerler. Sald\u0131rganlar Aygestan\u2019\u0131 topa tutup ciddi hasara sebebiyet verirler. Ermeniler telgrafhaneyi ele ge\u00e7irip, Ermeni mahallesinde bulunan k\u0131\u015flay\u0131 havaya u\u00e7ururlar. \u015eehirde kalan Ermeniler de savunma haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 yap\u0131p baz\u0131 resmi daireleri ele ge\u00e7irip cephaneli\u011fi havaya u\u00e7ururlar.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk on g\u00fcn durum Ermenilerin lehine geli\u015fir. \u0130kinci on g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde Osmanl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7leri yeni takviye al\u0131p \u015fehri topa tutmaya devam eder, sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7erler, fakat Ermeniler sald\u0131rganlar\u0131 geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmeye muvaffak olurlar. 28 nisanda yeni bir sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015flar. Osmanl\u0131 top\u00e7u bataryalar\u0131 Alman subaylar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan idare edilmekteydi. Rus ordusu ve Antranik\u2019in g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc birliklerinin yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberi \u00fczerine sald\u0131rganlar ka\u00e7ar. 3 (16) may\u0131sta \u015fehir kurtar\u0131l\u0131r. Ermeniler, Hac\u0131 Bekir K\u0131\u015flas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ate\u015fe verirler ve Van kalesinde Ermeni bayra\u011f\u0131 dalgalanmaya ba\u015flar. Van ve b\u00f6lgesi ge\u00e7ici y\u00f6netimi kurulur. 2 (15) temmuzda Rus ordusu geri \u00e7ekilir. Ermeni sakinleri Van\u2019dan uzakla\u015f\u0131rlar. Osmanl\u0131 Ordusu kur\u015fun atmadan \u015fehre girer ve geride kalm\u0131\u015f olan birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz hasta, yaral\u0131, kad\u0131n, \u00e7ocuk ve ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irir. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra Ruslar tekrar \u015fehri ele ge\u00e7irdiklerinde \u015fehir \u00e7oktan talan edilmi\u015f ve yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7en Vanl\u0131lar\u2019dan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 geri d\u00f6ner. Rus askerleri de k\u00f6yleri talan ederler ve kurulan yerli y\u00f6netim, ba\u015fpatrikten, gereken mercilere \u015fik\u00e2yet etmesi i\u00e7in rica ederler. 1917 ekim ihtilali sonucunda Rus ordusu geri \u00e7ekilir. 26 \u00e7ubat 1918\u2019de Karin (Erzurum) Ermenileri \u015fehri terk ederler, 3 mart\u2019ta (16) ise Ruslar Kars ve Artahan (Ardahan) \u015fehirlerini T\u00fcrk taraf\u0131na hediye ederler. Vaspurakan y\u00f6netimi 28 martta (10 nisan) g\u00f6\u00e7 karar\u0131 al\u0131r. Vanl\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019a, bir di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131 \u0130ran, Irak\u2019a, di\u011ferleri ise de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fclkelere g\u00f6\u00e7er.<\/p>\n

Van savunmas\u0131, Gen\u00e7 T\u00fcrkler\u2019in, Vaspurakan Ermenilerini tehcire yollay\u0131p imha etme planlar\u0131n\u0131 engeller ve Ermenilerin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu baz\u0131 \u015fehirlerde ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n da nefsi m\u00fcdafaaya ba\u015fvurmalar\u0131 konusunda \u00f6rnek olur.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti zaman\u0131nda Aygestan yak\u0131n\u0131nda yeni \u015fehir kurulur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Van\u2019\u0131 modern bir \u015fehir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndedir, de\u011fi\u015fik fabrikalara ve bir \u00fcniversiteye sahiptir. 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fehir, \u00fclkeyi \u0130ran\u2019a ba\u011flayan hatta ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1987 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ticari ama\u00e7l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkler g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar Van Vilayeti\u2019nde say\u0131ca \u00fcst\u00fcn de\u011fildirler ve b\u00f6lgenin n\u00fcfusunun %93\u2019i K\u00fcrtlerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130rlandal\u0131 Armenolog Henri Lin\u00e7 [Henry F .B. Lynch (1862-1913)] 1893 ve 1898\u2019de Ermenistan\u2019a ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi yolculuklar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fehirleri ziyaret etmi\u015ftir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma neticelerini 1901 y\u0131l\u0131nda Londra\u2019da yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cArmenia\u201d isimli b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kitapta toplayan Lin\u00e7, kitab\u0131nda Van Ermenilerinin \u015fehirleri hakk\u0131nda kulland\u0131klar\u0131 \u201cD\u00fcnyada Van, ahrette iman\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc nakleder ve tabiat\u0131n, bu b\u00f6lgeyi hakikaten yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki cennet olarak yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtir. L\u00e2kin Van, Ermeni halk\u0131 i\u00e7in cehenneme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Armen K\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcyan<\/strong><\/p>\n

http:\/\/ermeni.hayem.org\/ermenice\/mayraqaghaqner_uni.htm<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019den Van kayas\u0131 ve kaleye bak\u0131\u015f Tosp ve Vantosp olarak da an\u0131lan bu \u015fehir, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski \u015fehirlerinden biridir. M.\u00d6. 363 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pers ordular\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019a sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Persler, yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda Van \u015fehri i\u00e7in \u015eamiramakert (\u015eamiram\u2019\u0131n kurdu\u011fu) ismini kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. M.\u00d6. IX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortas\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle Asur ak\u0131nlar\u0131 sonucunda, Aram (Aramu, M.\u00d6. 860-843), Nairi \u00dclkesi\u2019nin Ermeni boylar\u0131 ve \u015fehir-devletlerini […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-buyuk-haykin-baskentleri"],"yoast_head":"\nTu\u015fpa-Van - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/01\/09\/tuspa-van\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tu\u015fpa-Van - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019den Van kayas\u0131 ve kaleye bak\u0131\u015f Tosp ve Vantosp olarak da an\u0131lan bu \u015fehir, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski \u015fehirlerinden biridir. M.\u00d6. 363 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pers ordular\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019a sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Persler, yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda Van \u015fehri i\u00e7in \u015eamiramakert (\u015eamiram\u2019\u0131n kurdu\u011fu) ismini kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. M.\u00d6. 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M.\u00d6. 363 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pers ordular\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019a sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Persler, yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda Van \u015fehri i\u00e7in \u015eamiramakert (\u015eamiram\u2019\u0131n kurdu\u011fu) ismini kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. M.\u00d6. IX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortas\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle Asur ak\u0131nlar\u0131 sonucunda, Aram (Aramu, M.\u00d6. 860-843), Nairi \u00dclkesi\u2019nin Ermeni boylar\u0131 ve \u015fehir-devletlerini […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/01\/09\/tuspa-van\/","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2010-01-09T09:34:56+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/2.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"kalem","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"kalem","Est. reading time":"12 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/01\/09\/tuspa-van\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/01\/09\/tuspa-van\/"},"author":{"name":"kalem","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#\/schema\/person\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c"},"headline":"Tu\u015fpa-Van","datePublished":"2010-01-09T09:34:56+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/01\/09\/tuspa-van\/"},"wordCount":2365,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/01\/09\/tuspa-van\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/01\/2.jpg","articleSection":["B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk\u2019\u0131n Ba\u015fkentleri"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/01\/09\/tuspa-van\/","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/01\/09\/tuspa-van\/","name":"Tu\u015fpa-Van - 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