Anadolu folklorunda “A\u015f\u0131k Edebiyat\u0131” diye bilinen ve geleneksel s\u00f6z sanatlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131cas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan bran\u015f, yaln\u0131zca M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Anadolululara \u00f6zg\u00fc de\u011fildi. A\u015f\u0131k Edebiyat\u0131 dal\u0131nda eser vermi\u015f \u00e7ok say\u0131da gayrim\u00fcslim vard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Hece veya aruz ile divanlar, destanlar s\u00f6yleyen bu sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu ne yaz\u0131k ki tarihin i\u00e7inde karanl\u0131klara kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak eserlerini yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir hale getirebilen az say\u0131daki sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n kimi eserlerinin izini s\u00fcrerek varl\u0131klar\u0131ndan haberdar olabiliyoruz. Ermeni “a\u015fu\u011f”lar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fclerinden ikisi de, ancak arkalar\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 eserler sayesinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fabildi. Bir t\u00fcr usta-\u00e7\u0131rak veya \u00f6\u011fretmen-\u00f6\u011frenci ili\u015fkisi, hatta aralar\u0131nda kuvvetli bir ba\u011f kurabilmi\u015f iki Ermeni sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olan N\u00e2m\u00ee<\/strong> ve Server\u00ee<\/strong>, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze yaz\u0131l\u0131 eserleri ula\u015fabilmi\u015f, bu sayede \u00e7e\u015fitli belgeliklerde yerlerini koruyabilmi\u015f \u015fansl\u0131 ki\u015filerdendir.<\/p>\n A\u015fu\u011f Agop N\u00e2m\u00ee<\/strong>, 1840 y\u0131l\u0131 civar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul’da Kumkap\u0131 semtinde do\u011fdu. Hastalanarak vefat etti\u011finde hen\u00fcz 30 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ermeni harfleriyle T\u00fcrk\u00e7e divan\u0131 olan N\u00e2m\u00ee<\/strong>‘nin a\u015f\u0131k edebiyat\u0131na uygun tarzda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u015fiiri, deyi\u015fi oldu\u011fu biliniyor.\u00a0 N\u00e2m\u00ee<\/strong>‘nin as\u0131l ad\u0131 Agop<\/strong>‘tu. \u0130lk derslerini Heretik Hoca<\/strong> diye tan\u0131nan ve Mesr\u00fbr\u00ee<\/strong> mahl\u00e2s\u0131yla yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u015fiirleri de bulunan Reteos Kirkoryan<\/strong>‘dan ald\u0131. Reteos Kirkoryan<\/strong>, \u00e7e\u015fitli mesleklere girip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra mobilyac\u0131-marangozlu\u011fu se\u00e7en N\u00e2m\u00ee<\/strong>‘ye \u00f6zel olarak T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a dersleri verdi. Mesle\u011fini icra ederken Beyo\u011flu’na yerle\u015fen N\u00e2m\u00ee<\/strong>‘nin bir ba\u015fka hocas\u0131 da, gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta a\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa heveslenerek, \u0130stanbul’a yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan Bursal\u0131 Server\u00ee<\/strong> idi…<\/p>\n Bir \u00e7\u0131rak olarak N\u00e2m\u00ee<\/strong>, a\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sanat\u0131n\u0131n o \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n be\u011fenilerine g\u00f6re kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, t\u00fcr ve s\u00f6yleyi\u015f \u00f6zelliklerini \u015fair ve “g\u00f6n\u00fcl adam\u0131” Server\u00ee<\/strong>‘den \u00f6\u011frendi. 19 ya\u015f\u0131nda evlenen Agop N\u00e2m\u00ee<\/strong>, \u0130stanbul’un \u00e7e\u015fitli semtlerindeki a\u015f\u0131k kahvelerine devam etti. A\u015f\u0131k kahvelerinde fas\u0131llar tertip edilir, hep beraber \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131r, s\u00f6ylenir, en g\u00fczel ve s\u00f6ylenmemi\u015f s\u00f6ze ula\u015f\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede N\u00e2m\u00ee<\/strong> b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fcn kazand\u0131, meydan \u015fairleri aras\u0131nda \u00fcstadl\u0131k mevkiine kadar y\u00fckseldi. Bu h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00fckseli\u015fi ile ustas\u0131 Server\u00ee<\/strong>‘den daha \u015f\u00f6hretli bir “a\u015fu\u011f” oldu. Ne ki, bu h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00fckseli\u015f, hastal\u0131klarla kesintiye u\u011frayacakt\u0131: \u00d6nce \u00e7i\u00e7ek, ard\u0131ndan da tifoya yakaland\u0131. N\u00e2m\u00ee<\/strong>, 29 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken \u00f6ld\u00fc D\u00f6neminin a\u015fu\u011flar\u0131, bu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n okur-yazar a\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi bi\u00e7im ve s\u00f6yleyi\u015f \u00f6zelliklerini aynen benimsemi\u015flerdi; N\u00e2m\u00ee<\/strong> de bu yoldan giderek yer yer Osmanl\u0131ca kelime, deyim ve benzetmeleri \u015fiirlerinde kullan\u0131rd\u0131. Aruzla s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fiirlerde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na nadiren rastlan\u0131rsa da, bu durum onun a\u015fu\u011fluk derecesini etkilememi\u015fti. B\u00eedar\u00ee<\/strong> mahl\u00e2sl\u0131 Mihran Arabac\u0131yan <\/strong>taraf\u0131ndan derlenen ve ilkin “Divan\u0131 Belaget-unvan\u0131 Namiyi Merhum” (1877) ad\u0131yla yay\u0131mlanan, daha sonra baz\u0131 eklerle “Divan\u00e7eyi Nam\u00eei Merhum” (1887) ad\u0131yla yeniden bas\u0131lan Ermeni harfleriyle T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kitap, N\u00e2m\u00ee<\/strong>‘nin \u015fiirlerini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze nakletmi\u015f \u00f6nemli bir kaynak \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r. Eserin ikinci bas\u0131m\u0131nda yer alan 86 \u015fiirden 44’\u00fc divan, 21 ‘i ko\u015fma, 8’i gazel, 6’s\u0131 semai, 3’\u00fc kalender, 3’\u00fc destan ve 1’i tahmis ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n N\u00e2m\u00ee<\/strong>‘nin \u015fiirleri aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan do\u011fruya \u0130stanbul’u ilgilendiren “Dasitan\u0131 lstanbul \/ der Vasf\u0131 Kolera ve Harik\u0131 Hoca Pa\u015fa ile Kalata” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir destan vard\u0131r. 54 d\u00f6rtl\u00fckten olu\u015fur. Bu destan\u0131n giri\u015findeki ilk yedi d\u00f6rtl\u00fckte bir g\u00fczelleme, methiye havas\u0131 hakimdir, \u0130stanbul \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nleriyle \u00f6v\u00fcl\u00fcr. Sonraki 10 d\u00f6rtl\u00fckte ise Abd\u00fclaziz<\/strong>‘e kadarki Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131 yine \u00f6vg\u00fclerle an\u0131l\u0131r. Sonra da as\u0131l mesele dile getirilir: Abd\u00fclaziz<\/strong> d\u00f6neminde (1861-1876) ard arda \u0130stanbul halk\u0131n\u0131 sarsan fel\u00e2ketler s\u0131ralan\u0131r… B\u00fcy\u00fck Galata yang\u0131n\u0131, pek \u00e7ok cana mal olan kolera salg\u0131n\u0131 ve Hocapa\u015fa semtini neredeyse silen yang\u0131n ad\u00e2b\u0131nca anlat\u0131l\u0131r. N\u00e2m\u00ee<\/strong>‘nin di\u011fer destanlar\u0131ndan 24 d\u00f6rtl\u00fckten olu\u015fan “Dasitan \/ der Hakk\u0131 Sarho\u015f ile Ay\u0131k” geleneksel deyi\u015fmeli destan t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ilgin\u00e7 bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Bu destanda sarho\u015f ve ay\u0131k kendilerini \u00f6ver ve hallerini arz ederler. “Dasitan \/ der Hakk\u0131 Mirzo Reyis” ise Beyo\u011flu’nda ya\u015fayan ve as\u0131l ad\u0131 Kirkor<\/strong> olup Mirzo<\/strong> diye an\u0131lan bir tulumbac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. 21 d\u00f6rtl\u00fckten olu\u015fan bu destanda Mirzo Reyis<\/strong>‘in tak\u0131m\u0131yla bir yang\u0131na gidip geldikten sonra bilinmeyen bir sebepten aniden \u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, kendi a\u011fz\u0131ndan ac\u0131kl\u0131 bir dille anlat\u0131l\u0131r. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130stanbul’da yeti\u015fen ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u015fiirler s\u00f6yleyen Ermeni a\u015fu\u011flar aras\u0131nda, gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta \u00f6lmesine ra\u011fmen hakl\u0131 bir \u00fcn kazanm\u0131\u015f olan N\u00e2m\u00ee<\/strong> i\u00e7in ustas\u0131 Server\u00ee<\/strong> 34 d\u00f6rtl\u00fckten olu\u015fan bir destan s\u00f6ylemi\u015f, hakk\u0131nda bilinenlerle kendi duygular\u0131n\u0131 ekleyerek bu ilgin\u00e7 ki\u015fili\u011fe adeta yeni bir h\u00fcviyet kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Server\u00ee<\/strong>‘nin do\u011fum tarihi hakk\u0131nda kesin bir bilgi yoktur. Bursa’da do\u011fdu\u011fu ve ilk gen\u00e7lik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda \u0130stanbul’a yerle\u015fti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Uzun y\u0131llar \u0130plikhane-i Amire’de, Feshane’de i\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade ediliyor. \u00d6zellikle g\u00fczel ve duygulu sesi ile dikkati \u00e7eken Server\u00ee<\/strong>, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131 B\u00eedar\u00ee<\/strong>, Lis\u00e2n\u00ee<\/strong> ve yukar\u0131da and\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z N\u00e2m\u00ee<\/strong> gibi isimlerin aras\u0131nda m\u00fcstesna bir yer tutar. Bu konulardaki ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve derlemeleriyle bilinen \u0130stephan Gurdikyan<\/strong>, d\u00f6nemin a\u015fu\u011flar\u0131 ile ilgili bir yaz\u0131s\u0131nda, Server\u00ee<\/strong>‘nin yetenekli olmakla birIikte d\u00fczenli e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in aruzla yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fiirlerde \u00f6nemli hatalar oldu\u011funu saptar. Buna ra\u011fmen Server\u00ee<\/strong>‘nin aruz ve hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcyle s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fiirlerde kimi zaman eski kelime ve tamlamalar da kullanmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6ncekilerinin dillerini iyi bildi\u011fine, bilhassa 19 y\u00fczy\u0131l a\u015f\u0131k ve \u015fairlerine a\u015fina oldu\u011funa i\u015faret eder. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra \u015fiirlerini toplayarak “Divan\u00e7eyi Merhum Serveri Efendi” (1889) ad\u0131yla Ermeni harfli T\u00fcrk\u00e7e k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kitap halinde yay\u0131mlayan Mihran Bidar Arabac\u0131yan<\/strong>‘\u0131n (B\u00eedar\u00ee<\/strong>) yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki sayfal\u0131k “terceme-i hal”de 70 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fken \u00dcsk\u00fcdar’da \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve vasiyeti \u00fczerine Ba\u011flarba\u015f\u0131 Ermeni Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Ancak Server\u00ee<\/strong>‘nin ne zaman do\u011fdu\u011funu bilmedi\u011fimiz gibi, ne zaman vefat etti\u011fi\u011fni de kesin olarak bilemiyoruz. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130stepan Gurdikyan<\/strong> 1883’te sa\u011f oldu\u011funu yazar. Buna mukabil, 1881’de \u0130stanbul’da yay\u0131mlanan “Mecmuai Gazeliyat” adl\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir Ermeni harfli T\u00fcrk\u00e7e antolojinin arka kapa\u011f\u0131nda duyurulan kitaplar aras\u0131nda “Divan\u00e7ei Server\u00eei Merhum” adl\u0131 bir risalenin de bulunmas\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak bu tarihten \u00f6nce \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Kevork<\/strong> Pamukciyan<\/strong>‘\u0131n yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f biyografi notlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgiler vard\u0131r. Server\u00ee<\/strong>‘nin deyi\u015fleri \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonraki y\u0131llara yay\u0131lan baz\u0131 c\u00f6nklere de ge\u00e7mi\u015f; “H\u00fcsne ma\u011frur olma ey y\u00fcz\u00fc mah\u0131m” dizesiyle ba\u015flayan ve divan\u00e7esinde de yer alan (s. 15) ko\u015fmas\u0131 Develili<\/strong> Seyran\u00ee<\/strong> ad\u0131na da yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 ko\u015fma Konyal\u0131 \u015eem’\u00ee<\/strong> ve nereli oldu\u011fu bilinmeyen Fevk\u00ee<\/strong> adl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131klara da mal edilmi\u015f ve \u00f6ylece bestelenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu zikredilir. Divan\u00e7esinde yer alan 23 \u015fiir aras\u0131nda aruzla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015fiirlerden 4 divan ve 8 semai; hece \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc \u015fiirlerden de 10 ko\u015fma ve 1 destan vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n