{"id":6123,"date":"2011-05-25T07:50:53","date_gmt":"2011-05-25T12:50:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=6123"},"modified":"2011-05-25T07:50:53","modified_gmt":"2011-05-25T12:50:53","slug":"6123","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/05\/25\/6123\/","title":{"rendered":"Van"},"content":{"rendered":"

Van, <\/strong>Turu\u015fpa, Tu\u015fpa, Van Tospa, Ka\u011fak\u0131n \u015eamirama (\u015eamiram \u015fehri), \u015eamirama\u015fen, \u015eamiramakert, Yervandavan, Amurn Avan. <\/em>Vaspurakan Eyaleti\u2019nin Tosp b\u00f6lgesinde, Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan \u015fehir. Van isminin, Biainili \u00fclke isminde geldi\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Halk ananeleri, Van \u015fehrinin kurulu\u015funu Asur krali\u00e7esi \u015eamiram\u2019a atfetmektedir. Ger\u00e7ekte ise Van \u015fehri, Ararat Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (Urartu) h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 I. Sarduri taraf\u0131ndan kurularak Tu\u015fpa adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve devletin ba\u015fkenti yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede n\u00fcfusu \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kral Menua\u2019n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131nda (M.\u00d6. yakla\u015f\u0131k 810\u2013786) Menua Kanal\u0131 in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Van \u015fehri M.\u00d6. 735 y\u0131l\u0131nda Asur kral\u0131 III. Tiklatpalasar taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, fakat ele ge\u00e7irilememi\u015ftir. Van \u015fehrinin milattan \u00f6nce Ermeni Yervanduni hanedan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fkentine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Akemenik \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n egemenli\u011fi s\u00fcresinde (M.\u00d6. VI. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu-M.\u00d6. IV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131) ise 13. satrapl\u0131k merkezi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u00a0M.\u00d6. IV.-II. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Ermeni Yervanduni devletinin, M.\u00d6. II.-I. y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131nda Arta\u015fesyanlar\u0131n, I.-IV. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Ar\u015fakuni hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcnyesinde kraliyet \u015fehri olarak bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ar\u015fakuni hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra (428) Van, bazen Ardsrunilerin, bazen de R\u0131\u015ftunilerin h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

IX. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu-X. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda, Derenik ve Gagik Ardsruniler zaman\u0131nda Van, y\u00fckselme devrini ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 908\u20131021 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Vaspurakan Ermeni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkentiydi. Kral Gagik Ardsruni (908\u2013943), Van\u2019da imar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na h\u0131z vererek \u201cAmrakan\u201d ma\u011faras\u0131n\u0131 yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, i\u00e7 kalede kiliseler ve su deposuna giden merdivenler yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Varag Da\u011f\u0131 eteklerinden \u015fehre giden, ta\u015ftan yeralt\u0131 su kanallar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Van\u2019\u0131n kayalar \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015f olan kalesinde Derenik Ardsruni (875\u2013885) taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan saray\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131 bitirilmi\u015ftir. Van, 1021 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na ba\u011flanarak Vaspurakan katepanl\u0131k merkezine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Van \u015fehri XI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Sel\u00e7uklular, XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda ise Mo\u011follar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015ftir. Celayiryanlar (Irak\u2019ta h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir) ve \u00c7obanyanlar (At\u0131rpatakan\/Azerbeycan derebeyleri) m\u00fccadelesi esnas\u0131nda K\u00fcrt a\u015firetleri Van\u2019a h\u00e2kim olmu\u015flard\u0131r. K\u00fcrt amira Yezdin\u2019in h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda bulunan Van, 1387 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lenktimur\u2019un ordular\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 26 g\u00fcn boyunca direnmi\u015f, \u015fehri sonunda ele ge\u00e7iren Lenktimur 7 bin ki\u015fiyi kale duvarlar\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya att\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Van \u015fehri XV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Karakoyunlular, daha sonra da Akkoyunlular, XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Safevi \u0130ran taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f, 1555 Amasya ve 1639 Kasr\u0131 \u015firin Osmanl\u0131-\u0130ran bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmalar\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ge\u00e7erek Ani Vilayeti\u2019nin merkezi olmu\u015ftur. Tarih\u00e7i Arakel Tavrijetsi, \u015fehrin 1648 depreminden b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda etkilendi\u011fi, \u00e7ok say\u0131da eski yap\u0131n\u0131n, kiliselerin ve surlar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmektedir. \u011eevond \u0130nciciyan, XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Van\u2019da 8 ta\u015ftan yap\u0131l\u0131 kilisenin bulundu\u011funu ve \u015fehrin dini \u00f6nderli\u011finin Varag Manast\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu aktarmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ermeniler, 1862 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00f6netime kar\u015f\u0131 isyan edip ge\u00e7ici olarak Van Kalesi\u2019ni i\u015fgal etmi\u015flerdi. Olaylar esnas\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 1000 Ermeni hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yabanc\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011fa ra\u011fmen Van, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n zanaat ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini korumu\u015ftur. XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren Van\u2019da tekstil sanayisi geli\u015fmi\u015f, 1870\u2019te Tokhmakhyan karde\u015fler taraf\u0131ndan bir dokuma at\u00f6lyesi, 1880\u2019lerde Kapamac\u0131yan\u2019lar\u0131n, \u00c7\u0131t\u00e7\u0131yan\u2019lar\u0131n ve di\u011ferlerinin fabrikalar\u0131 ve birka\u00e7 deri imalathaneleri (en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f\u0131 Partevyan\u2019\u0131nd\u0131) kurulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

1880-90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda usta Aleksander, Amerika ve Avrupa\u2019dan gerekli makineleri getirerek yar\u0131-otomatik makine imalathanesi kurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u015eehrin dokuma at\u00f6lyesinde XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda 1500 ki\u015fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131. \u015eehir n\u00fcfusunun bir k\u0131sm\u0131 tar\u0131mla (\u00f6zellikle ba\u011fc\u0131l\u0131k) u\u011fra\u015fmaya devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin askeri-derebeylik sistemi, kapitalist \u00fcretim \u015feklinin geli\u015fmesini engellemi\u015ftir. XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Van\u2019\u0131n 30 bin ki\u015filik n\u00fcfusunun 2\/3\u2019ini Ermeniler olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Van, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n milli kurtulu\u015f hareketinin merkezlerinden biriydi. 1860\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda M\u0131k\u0131rti\u00e7 Kh\u0131rimyan \u201cArdsvi Vaspurakani\u201d (Vasourakan kartal\u0131) dergisini yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1872\u2019de \u201cMiutyun yev P\u0131rkutyun\u201d (Birlik ve Kurtulu\u015f), 1879\u2019da \u201cSev Kha\u00e7\u201d (Kara Ha\u00e7) gizli te\u015fkilatlar\u0131, ahaliye askeri e\u011fitim veren \u201cZinakir\u201d (Silahl\u0131) derne\u011fi kurulmu\u015ftur. Milli kurtulu\u015f hareketi mensuplar\u0131ndan M. Portukalyan, M. Avetisyan, A. Manukyan, V. Sereng\u00fclyan (Vardges), N. Po\u011fosyan (\u0130\u015fkhan), A. Yerkanyan, Vramyan (O. Derdzakyan), Vazgen ve daha ba\u015fka isimler Van\u2019la ilintilidir.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin tertiplemi\u015f oldu\u011fu Ermeni katliamlar\u0131 (1894\u201396) esnas\u0131nda Van ahalisi M. Avetisyan, Martik (Martiros Sarukhanyan) ve Peto (Aleksander Petrosyan) \u00f6nderli\u011finde, Osmanl\u0131 katliamc\u0131lar\u0131na kahramanca kar\u015f\u0131 koymu\u015ftur (Van nefsi m\u00fcdafaas\u0131 1896).<\/p>\n

Gurbet\u00e7ilik b\u00fcy\u00fck oranlara (XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Van\u2019dan 3 bin ki\u015fi \u0130stanbul\u2019a \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya gitmi\u015fti) ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Van, XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk on y\u0131l\u0131nda ekonomik geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. \u015eehirde 100 dokuma at\u00f6lyesi vard\u0131 ve mobilya \u00fcretimi geli\u015fmi\u015fti. Zanaatk\u00e2rlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 3800\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerindeydi. Van\u2019\u0131n kuyumcular\u0131, silah yap\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131, \u015falc\u0131lar\u0131 ve demircileri \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve toplumsal hayat g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015fti. Van\u2019\u0131n okullar\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc. 1914\u2019te Kedronakan (merkezi), Yeramyan, Araruts (karma), Haykavank, Surb Hakob, Nora\u015fen, Hankuysner (erkek) mahalli, Sandkhtyan (k\u0131z), okullar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, 259 \u00f6\u011fretmeni ve 4500 \u00f6\u011frencisi bulunan 8 ulusal okul vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Protestan Ermenilerin (\u015fehri i\u00e7inde, kiliseye biti\u015fik) ve Aygestan\u2019a yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan Amerikan, Alman ve Dominikyan misyonerlerin de okullar\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiliz, \u0130ran, Rus ve Frans\u0131z el\u00e7ilikleri de Aygestan\u2019dayd\u0131. XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Van\u2019da 12 kilise vard\u0131 ve bunlardan 10\u2019u (Ecmiadsin veya Surb N\u0131\u015fan, Surb Po\u011fos-Petros, Surb Tiramayr, Surb Vardan, Dsiranavor, Haykavanits, Surb Astvadsadsin, Hankuysner Surb Astvadsadsin ve Surb Hakob kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019dan turneye gelen Ermeni oyuncular sayesinde, Van\u2019da tiyatro temsilleri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ressam Panos Terlemezyan Van\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekteydi. N. Mar ve H. Orbeli, Van\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7 kalesinde arkeolojik kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Yeramyan ve Kedronakan okullar\u0131n\u0131n mezunlar\u0131 \u201cYerkunk\u201d dergisi, 1906 sonbahar\u0131ndan itibaren \u201cNor serund\u201d ayl\u0131k dergisi, daha sonralar\u0131 ise \u201cHayatsk\u201d, 1910\u2019da EDF\u2019nin (Ermeni Devrimci Federasyonu, Ta\u015fnaktsutyun) \u201cA\u015fkhatank\u201d, 1911\u2019de Sahmanadir Ramkavar Partisi\u2019nin (Anayasal Liberal Parti) \u201cVan-Tosp\u201d gazetesi yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 arifesinde Van\u2019da 23 bin dolay\u0131nda Ermeni ve 15 bin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman (Van dini \u00f6nderli\u011fi verilerine g\u00f6re 34 bin Ermeni ve 21 bin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman) ya\u015famaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Soyk\u0131r\u0131m zaman\u0131nda Van Ermenileri ve \u00e7evre b\u00f6lgelerden ka\u00e7\u0131p \u015fehre s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan Ermeniler \u00f6z savunma ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek (Van kahramanl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi 1915) T\u00fcrk katliamc\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 mukavemet g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Savunman\u0131n zaferle sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131n akabinde Rus komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, savunman\u0131n d\u00fczenleyicisi Aram Manukyan ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Van Eyaleti\u2019ni (70 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr) meydana getirmi\u015ftir. Lakin Rus ordular\u0131n\u0131n beklenmedik ricat\u0131 (2 Temmuzda), halk\u0131 \u015fehri terk edip (b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar alt\u0131nda) Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7meye mecbur etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Van\u2019da kalan az say\u0131da Ermeni, \u015fehre giren M\u00fcsl\u00fcman g\u00fcruh taraf\u0131ndan katledilmi\u015ftir. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra \u015fehri tekrar ele ge\u00e7iren Rus ordular\u0131, \u015fehri tamamen talan edilmi\u015f ve yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halde bulurlar. Halk\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Van\u2019a geri d\u00f6ner ve Kosti Hambardzumyan liderli\u011findeki Vaspurakan y\u00f6netimi kurulur. Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun 1918 \u015eubat\u0131ndaki sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 sonucunda halk tekrar g\u00f6\u00e7e mecbur olur. Az say\u0131da kurtulanlar yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelere s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Van \u015fehrinin naz\u0131m plan\u0131 iki k\u0131s\u0131ml\u0131 olup, as\u0131l \u015fehir olan \u201c\u015fehri\u00e7i\u201dnden (yakla\u015f\u0131k 64 hektar) ve banliy\u00f6lerden olu\u015fmu\u015ftu. \u0130\u00e7 kalenin g\u00fcney k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki ovada bulunan \u201c\u015fehri\u00e7i\u201d, iki s\u0131ral\u0131 surlarla \u00e7evrilmi\u015fti ve g\u00f6l (bat\u0131da), g\u00fcney (iki adet) ve do\u011fu (Tavriz\/Tebriz) taraf\u0131ndan kap\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131. Sadece, kalenin y\u00fcksek kayal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kuzey taraf\u0131nda kap\u0131 yoktu. \u201c\u015eehri\u00e7i\u201dnden g\u00fcney ve do\u011fudaki ovaya do\u011fru uzanan banliy\u00f6ler, kaplad\u0131klar\u0131 alan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, \u201c\u015fehri\u00e7i\u201dnin 12\u201315 misliydi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201c\u015eehri\u00e7i\u201d, Tavriz kap\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak S\u0131khg\u00e2l Cadda karayoluyla (6 km. kadar uzakta, do\u011fuya do\u011fru uzanan Kha\u00e7po\u011fan karayoluyla kesi\u015fmekteydi) Aygestan mahallesine ba\u011flanmaktayd\u0131. Tavriz kap\u0131s\u0131na biti\u015fik olan Haykavank Mahallesi 1896 k\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bir daha onar\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrklerin \u015eamiram Mahallesi \u201c\u015fehri\u00e7i\u201dnin g\u00fcney k\u0131sm\u0131ndayd\u0131. Kha\u00e7po\u011fan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde ve do\u011fusunda, Ermenilerin, meyve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131yla bezeli, geni\u015f Aygestan Mahallesi, bat\u0131da ise Van\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer ticari merkezi olan Araruts Meydan\u0131\u2019yla Nora\u015fen, Hankuysner, Arark, Noratunker b\u00fcy\u00fck mahalleleri bulunmaktayd\u0131. Bu mahallelerin hepsi de i\u00e7lerinden ge\u00e7en kanallar (\u201c\u015eamiram\u201d d\u00e2hil) ile dereler, Hankuysner Deresi ve iyi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f \u201ckahrez\u201d (artezyen) sistemi sayesinde sulanmaktayd\u0131, ayr\u0131ca \u00e7e\u015fmeler de vard\u0131. Ta\u015f ve tu\u011fladan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, genellikle 1\u20132 katl\u0131 evlerin avluya bakan \u201corsbats\u201d (yeresbats, y\u00fcza\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131) adland\u0131r\u0131lan balkonlar\u0131 vard\u0131. G\u00fcl\u00fcmyan\u2019lar\u0131n, Kapamac\u0131yan\u2019lar\u0131n, Terziba\u015fyan\u2019lar\u0131n, Cideciyan\u2019lar\u0131n, H\u00fcsyan\u2019lar\u0131n, T\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcyan\u2019lar\u0131n ve di\u011fer zenginlerin ise soka\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131lan balkonlar\u0131 da bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Van\u2019\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kilisesi olan Araruts Surb Astvadsadsin (16,8×40,5 m.), 1884 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeniden in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti. Haykavank\u2019\u0131n Surb Hakob ve Hankuys\u2019un ah\u015fap (\u00f6zg\u00fcn k\u0131rlang\u0131\u00e7kuyru\u011fu dam\u0131yla) kiliseleri 1898 y\u0131l\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti. Van\u2019\u0131n en \u00f6nemli yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan Yeramyan okulunun yeni binas\u0131 (1903\u201307), Emek evi (1911\u201312, mimar\u0131 H. Ka\u00e7aznuni) ve iki katl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmenler evini sayabiliriz (1912).<\/p>\n

G\u00f6l k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan Avants K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn koyu, liman olarak kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Van \u015fehri, Vaspurakan\u2019\u0131n en \u00f6nemli minyat\u00fcr okulu merkezlerinden biriydi. En \u00f6nemli zanaat kuyumculuktu (90\u2013100 kuyumcu at\u00f6lyesi vard\u0131 ve bir y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 600 bin gram g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f tak\u0131 Avrupa\u2019ya ihra\u00e7 edilmekteydi). En yayg\u0131n kuyumcu tekniklerinden manrarurk, sevad (savat), \u0131ndeluzum ve tsantskendi. Ta\u015flardan mercan, firuze \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Kuyumcular, haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 t\u00fcm e\u015fyalar i\u00e7in en uygun \u015fekli bulmu\u015f ve en vurucu \u015fekillere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ta\u015f ustalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcnerlerini evlerin dekoratif i\u015flemelerinde ve b\u00f6lgedeki kha\u00e7karlar (ha\u00e7 ta\u015f) g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Kap\u0131lar, pencereler, s\u00fctunlar ve ev e\u015fyalar\u0131 tahta i\u015flemecili\u011fi sanat\u0131yla bezenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00f6mlek\u00e7iler, yal\u0131n sanatsal \u015fekillerle kilden e\u015fyalar haz\u0131rlamaktayd\u0131. Van\u2019da, klasik Ermeni stiliyle dokunan b\u00fcy\u00fck ve birinci s\u0131n\u0131f hal\u0131lar\u0131n s\u00fcslemelerinde ha\u00e7a ve e\u011fik a\u00e7\u0131ya \u00f6nem verilmekteydi.<\/p>\n

En eski Ermeni hal\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan \u201cGohar\u201d (1860) hal\u0131s\u0131, Vaspurakan\u2019da dokunmu\u015ftu. Van Kalesi\u2019nin 600 ma\u011faras\u0131nda ipek dokuma at\u00f6lyeleri vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Van danteli merkezi, aktif ritmik ve karma\u015f\u0131k s\u00fcslemeleriyle di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerin dantellerinden farkl\u0131yd\u0131 ve uluslar aras\u0131 pazarda tutulmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Vanl\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n elbiseleri, kiliselerin perdeleri ve giysileri i\u011fne i\u015flemeliydi.<\/p>\n

Se\u00e7kin diki\u015f stili ve sanatsal \u00f6zellikleri sayesinde Van i\u011fne i\u015flemeleri \u201cVan diki\u015fi\u201d olarak an\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Basma tekni\u011fi (genelde k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkle) geli\u015fmi\u015fti. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcn stilde alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcslemeli y\u00f6resel giysileri \u00e7a\u011flar boyu geli\u015ftirilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Van\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcndelik e\u015fya sanat\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fcn olan \u015fey, kullan\u0131m\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi imgesel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce tarz\u0131na dayanan yal\u0131nl\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki en \u00fcnl\u00fc kuyumculardan H. Borozanc\u0131yan, G. Kuyumcuba\u015fyan, T. Avagyan, M. Kalemk\u00e2ryan ve G. \u015ealc\u0131yan\u2019\u0131 sayabiliriz. Van sanat\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fim s\u00fcreci 1915\u2019te durmu\u015ftur. Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7en ustalar Tiflis\u2019te \u201cVan\u201d at\u00f6lyesini kurarlar. 1920\u2019lerde, Yerevan\u2019da bu sanat\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapanlar V. Hatsagordsyan, V. ve G. Dionesyanlar, dantelcilikte ise S. C\u0131rba\u015fyan\u2019d\u0131.<\/p>\n

Van sanat\u0131n\u0131n nadide \u00f6rneklerini Ermenistan Devlet Tarih M\u00fczesi, Halk Sanat\u0131 M\u00fczesi, Etnografi M\u00fczesi ve Ecmiadsin Manast\u0131r\u0131 M\u00fczesi\u2019nde bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Van, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ayn\u0131 adla an\u0131lan ilinin merkezidir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ermeni Ansiklopedisi, IV. cilt, Yerevan, 2003.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Van, Turu\u015fpa, Tu\u015fpa, Van Tospa, Ka\u011fak\u0131n \u015eamirama (\u015eamiram \u015fehri), \u015eamirama\u015fen, \u015eamiramakert, Yervandavan, Amurn Avan. Vaspurakan Eyaleti\u2019nin Tosp b\u00f6lgesinde, Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan \u015fehir. Van isminin, Biainili \u00fclke isminde geldi\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir. Halk ananeleri, Van \u015fehrinin kurulu\u015funu Asur krali\u00e7esi \u015eamiram\u2019a atfetmektedir. Ger\u00e7ekte ise Van \u015fehri, Ararat Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (Urartu) h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 I. Sarduri taraf\u0131ndan kurularak Tu\u015fpa adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bati-ermenistanin-sehirleri"],"yoast_head":"\nVan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/05\/25\/6123\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Van - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Van, Turu\u015fpa, Tu\u015fpa, Van Tospa, Ka\u011fak\u0131n \u015eamirama (\u015eamiram \u015fehri), \u015eamirama\u015fen, \u015eamiramakert, Yervandavan, Amurn Avan. Vaspurakan Eyaleti\u2019nin Tosp b\u00f6lgesinde, Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan \u015fehir. Van isminin, Biainili \u00fclke isminde geldi\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir. Halk ananeleri, Van \u015fehrinin kurulu\u015funu Asur krali\u00e7esi \u015eamiram\u2019a atfetmektedir. Ger\u00e7ekte ise Van \u015fehri, Ararat Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (Urartu) h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 I. 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