{"id":6120,"date":"2011-06-08T02:28:47","date_gmt":"2011-06-08T07:28:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=6120"},"modified":"2011-06-08T02:28:47","modified_gmt":"2011-06-08T07:28:47","slug":"erzrum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/06\/08\/erzrum\/","title":{"rendered":"Erzrum"},"content":{"rendered":"

Erzrum, <\/strong>Karin, Karno ka\u011fak (Karin \u015fehri), Teodupolis, Teodosupolis, Arz\u0131rum, Erzurum. <\/em>Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da, Erzrum Ovas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fu k\u0131sm\u0131nda, Yeprat (F\u0131rat) ve Yeraskh (Aras) nehirleri kaynaklar\u0131 civar\u0131nda, Aydsp\u0131tkunk zirvesinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 km. kuzeydo\u011fusunda bulunan \u015fehir. Erzrum Vilayeti\u2019nin idari merkezi.<\/p>\n

Erzrum\u2019un Karin isminin etnik k\u00f6kenden geldi\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

IV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda dahi b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fcfusa sahip bir \u015fehir (Karin b\u00f6lgesinin merkezi olmu\u015ftu) olarak belirtilmekteydi. Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n 387 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden sonra Bizans egemenli\u011fine girmi\u015f, 421 y\u0131l\u0131nda imar edilip g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f olan Karin, Teodosupolis (Bizans imparatoru II. Teodus\u2019a ithafen) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 603 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fehri i\u015fgal eden Persler, Ermeni sakinlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 zorla Hamadan\u2019a s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler, 628 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Pers-Bizans bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131yla \u015fehir tekrar Bizans\u2019a kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

VIII.-IX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Teodosupolis, Araplar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f, IX. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonunda Ba\u011fratuni Ermeni krall\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Arap emirliklerine, 950 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Bizans\u2019a ait olmu\u015ftur. Sel\u00e7uklular 1049 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Ards\u0131n \u015fehrini y\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131nda, bu \u015fehrin sakinleri Teodosupolis\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f ve \u015fehrin ad\u0131n\u0131 Ards\u0131n (Arap\u00e7a-Arz\u0131n Ar Rum, Roma Ards\u0131n\u2019\u0131) olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015flerdi. Buradan da Arz\u0131rum, Erzrum isim \u015fekilleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Manazkert (Malazgirt) sava\u015f\u0131ndan (1071) sonra Erzrum\u2019u i\u015fgal eden Sel\u00e7uklular, \u015fehri, ayn\u0131 isimle an\u0131lan sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n merkezine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Mo\u011follar 1242 y\u0131l\u0131nda Erzrum\u2019u talan edip ate\u015fe verir ve halk\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irir, b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ise esir pazarlar\u0131nda satarlar. Bundan sonra da Erzrum, farkl\u0131 istilac\u0131lar\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na maruz kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Erzrum, 1473 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilir. XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fehir Osmanl\u0131 Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki Erzrum Vilayeti\u2019nin veya Ermenistan Eyaleti\u2019nin idari merkezi olmu\u015ftur. XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda o denli \u00f6nemli bir ticaret ve zanaat merkeziydi ki \u0130ngiltere 1690 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fehre \u00f6zel ticari temsilci atam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Do\u011fudan Avrupa\u2019ya uzanan ba\u015fl\u0131ca ticaret yollar\u0131ndan biri Erzrum\u2019dan ge\u00e7mekteydi. XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Erzrum\u2019un 3 bin d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 bin ki\u015filik Ermeni toplumuna aitti.<\/p>\n

Rus ordusu 27 Haziran 1829\u2019da Ermenilerin fiili kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla Erzrum\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, fakat Adrianapolis (Edirne) bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucunda (1829) \u015fehri tekrar Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya geri vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1830 yaz\u0131nda Erzrum\u2019un 20 bin, farkl\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re 100 bin Ermeni\u2019si, \u015fehri terk eden Rus ordusuyla birlikte, Karapet ba\u015fepiskopos \u00f6nderli\u011finde g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n elinde olan Akhaltskha (Ah\u0131ska), Akhalkalak (Ahalkalak) ve k\u0131smen de Aleksandrapol (G\u00fcmr\u00fc), Tiflis ile \u00e7evre b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Bu insanlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 30\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Erzrum\u2019a geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u015eehri terk edenlerin evlerine Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n farkl\u0131 kesimlerinden gelen Ermeniler ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. \u015eehir, 1859 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki depremden b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

10 \u015eubat 1879\u2019da Erzrum\u2019daki Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetleri General Loris-Melikov komutas\u0131nda \u015fehri ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015f olan Rus ordusuna teslim olmu\u015flar, fakat Berlin Kongresi (1878) karar\u0131yla \u015fehir tekrar Osmanl\u0131ya terk edilmi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131 ve Rus y\u00f6netimlerinin engellemeleri sonucunda Erzrum ve \u00e7evresindeki Ermenilerin yeni bir g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc engellenmi\u015f, sadece birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz aile Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019a ge\u00e7ebilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Erzrum, 1877\u201378 Rus-Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra Ermeni milli kurtulu\u015f hareketi merkezine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u201cPa\u015ftpan Hayrenyats\u201d (Vatan Korumas\u0131) kurtulu\u015f te\u015fkilat\u0131 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda burada kurulmu\u015ftu. Erzrum, XIX.-XX. y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli merkezlerinden biri durumundayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Eski Erzrum \u00fc\u00e7 tepe \u00fczerinde kurulu olup, \u00e7ifte surlu d\u0131\u015f mahallelere ba\u011fl\u0131 4 kap\u0131l\u0131 (kuzeyde G\u00fcrc\u00fc, do\u011fuda Tavriz\/Tebriz, g\u00fcneyde Yeni, bat\u0131da Yerz\u0131nka\/Erzincan) bir kaleye (i\u00e7 kale) sahipti. Abdul Rahman Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n emriyle 1801 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yerz\u0131nka kap\u0131s\u0131 ve di\u011fer kap\u0131lardaki muhte\u015fem ha\u00e7ta\u015flar ile Ermenice veya Rumca yaz\u0131tl\u0131 abidelerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yok edilmi\u015ftir. En eski Ermeni mahalleleri, ta\u015f kapl\u0131 yollar\u0131, dar sokakl\u0131 ve genelde iki katl\u0131, ta\u015ftan veya tu\u011fladan evlerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00e7an kulesinin yerine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Surb Astvadsadsin kilisesi (a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kilise) \u00fcnl\u00fc Ermeni mimari an\u0131tlar\u0131ndand\u0131. VII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan kalma Miaban Astvadsadsin kilisesi vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ermeni Katoliklerin Surb Mariam kilisesi XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Surb Stepanos kilisesinin temelleri \u00fczerinde N\u00fcmune K\u00e2pen camisinin in\u015fa edilmesi gibi, \u015fehirdeki onlarca Ermeni kilisesi camiye \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Erzrum Ovas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, Basen\u2019in (Pasinler), Tortom\u2019un (Tortum), Sper\u2019in (\u0130spir), Baberd\u2019in (Bayburt) ve \u00e7evre b\u00f6lgelerin Ermeni kiliseleri, \u015fehirdeki Ermeni kiliselerinin yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunan Karin episkoposlu\u011funun y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Dini \u00f6nderlikte bulunan y\u00fczlerce elyazmas\u0131, 1830 y\u0131l\u0131nda Akhaltskha Surb P\u0131rgi\u00e7 kilisesine devredilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Erzrum\u2019da yine de \u00e7ok say\u0131da Ermenice elyazmas\u0131 (1878 y\u0131l\u0131nda, sadece dini okulun k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde 80 de\u011ferli elyazmas\u0131 saklan\u0131yordu) bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Karapet ba\u015fepiskopos Bagratuni, 1811 y\u0131l\u0131nda Surb Astvadsadsin kilisesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Kentronakan (merkez) Karapetyan okulunu kurmu\u015f, bu okul daha sonra Ards\u0131nyan okuluna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1870 y\u0131l\u0131nda H\u0131ripsimyan k\u0131z okulu ve Ter-Azatyan Okulu, 1889\u2019da M\u0131s\u0131ryan, daha sonra da Gavafyan ve A\u011fabalyan okullar\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Sanasaryan Okulu, \u00f6nemli bir e\u011fitim kurumuydu. Ermeni Katolikler ve Protestanlar\u0131n da kendi okullar\u0131 bulunmaktayd\u0131. \u015eehirde ana okullar da a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda Erzrumda yakla\u015f\u0131k 2200 Ermeni \u00f6\u011frenci e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmekteydi. 1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cParos\u201d, 1909\u201314 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u201cHarac\u201d haftal\u0131k dergileri yay\u0131nlanmakta, tiyatro, e\u011fitim ve hay\u0131r kurumlar\u0131 i\u015flemekteydi.<\/p>\n

XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda say\u0131lar\u0131 30 bin olan Erzrum Ermenileri, 1914\u2019te 15 bin kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1895\u201396 Abd\u00fclhamit k\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131nda, Erzrum\u2019da 700\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde Ermeni katledilmi\u015ftir. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n ilk sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 23 Haziran 1915\u2019te ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 7 Temmuzda tehcir ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve Erzrum ile kom\u015fu k\u00f6ylerden 19 bin Ermeni Dercan (Tercan)-Yerz\u0131nka\u2019ya s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp yok edilmi\u015fler, sadece 11 ki\u015fi hayatta kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rus ordular\u0131,1916 \u015eubat\u0131nda, Ermeni g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc birlikleri deste\u011finde Erzrum\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irdiklerinde \u015fehirde ve Erzrum Ovas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u00f6ylerinde sadece birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz Ermeni kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Cephenin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan faydalanan 25 bin ki\u015filik Osmanl\u0131 ordusu 26 \u015eubat 1918\u2019de Erzrum\u2019u i\u015fgal etmi\u015ftir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir birlikle \u015fehri savunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan General Andranik, kurtulabilen Erzrumlu Ermenileri Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019a sevk etmi\u015ftir. Diasporada Erzrumlular hem\u015ferilik ve hay\u0131r dernekleri kurulmu\u015ftur. 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda Erzrum\u2019da yakla\u015f\u0131k 250 Ermeni ya\u015famaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Erzrum, ayn\u0131 isimle an\u0131lan ilin idari merkezidir ve 190 bin n\u00fcfusa (1980) sahiptir. G\u0131da, metal\u00fcrji ve hafif sanayi fak\u00fclteleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ermeni Ansiklopedisi, II. cilt, Yerevan, 1995.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Erzrum, Karin, Karno ka\u011fak (Karin \u015fehri), Teodupolis, Teodosupolis, Arz\u0131rum, Erzurum. Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da, Erzrum Ovas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fu k\u0131sm\u0131nda, Yeprat (F\u0131rat) ve Yeraskh (Aras) nehirleri kaynaklar\u0131 civar\u0131nda, Aydsp\u0131tkunk zirvesinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 km. kuzeydo\u011fusunda bulunan \u015fehir. Erzrum Vilayeti\u2019nin idari merkezi. Erzrum\u2019un Karin isminin etnik k\u00f6kenden geldi\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir. IV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda dahi b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fcfusa sahip bir \u015fehir (Karin b\u00f6lgesinin merkezi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bati-ermenistanin-sehirleri"],"yoast_head":"\nErzrum - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/06\/08\/erzrum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Erzrum - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Erzrum, Karin, Karno ka\u011fak (Karin \u015fehri), Teodupolis, Teodosupolis, Arz\u0131rum, Erzurum. Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da, Erzrum Ovas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fu k\u0131sm\u0131nda, Yeprat (F\u0131rat) ve Yeraskh (Aras) nehirleri kaynaklar\u0131 civar\u0131nda, Aydsp\u0131tkunk zirvesinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 km. kuzeydo\u011fusunda bulunan \u015fehir. Erzrum Vilayeti\u2019nin idari merkezi. Erzrum\u2019un Karin isminin etnik k\u00f6kenden geldi\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir. 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Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da, Erzrum Ovas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fu k\u0131sm\u0131nda, Yeprat (F\u0131rat) ve Yeraskh (Aras) nehirleri kaynaklar\u0131 civar\u0131nda, Aydsp\u0131tkunk zirvesinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 km. kuzeydo\u011fusunda bulunan \u015fehir. Erzrum Vilayeti\u2019nin idari merkezi. Erzrum\u2019un Karin isminin etnik k\u00f6kenden geldi\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir. 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