{"id":4515,"date":"2011-03-02T07:27:09","date_gmt":"2011-03-02T12:27:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=4515"},"modified":"2011-03-02T07:27:09","modified_gmt":"2011-03-02T12:27:09","slug":"izmir-ermeni-kulturu-uzerine-haynots-mahallesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/03\/02\/izmir-ermeni-kulturu-uzerine-haynots-mahallesi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130zmir Ermeni K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00dczerine; Haynots Mahallesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Ali \u00d6ZKAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl \u00dcniversitesi
\nKlasik Arkeoloji
\nY\u00fcksek Lisans \u00d6\u011frencisi<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Smyrne<\/strong>\u00a0ya da T\u00fcrklerin adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fekliyle\u00a0\u0130zmir,<\/strong>\u00a0kurulu\u015fundan bu yana bir\u00e7ok topluma ev sahipli\u011fi yaparak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelmi\u015f bir kenttir. Bir ticari kent olarak daha \u0130.\u00d6. 10. y\u00fczy\u0131lda K\u0131ta Yunanistan\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerce kolonize edilmi\u015f olan bu kent, bir antrepo merkezi olarak \u00f6zellikle 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 din ve ulustan insan\u0131n ticari ama\u00e7larla yerle\u015ftikleri yer olmu\u015ftur. Y\u00f6netici T\u00fcrkler, T\u00fcrklerden sonra en \u00f6nemli toplum Rumlar, Yahudiler, Levantenler ve son olarak Ermeniler. \u00a0\u00a0Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda \u0130zmir Ermenileri ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri \u00fczerine de\u011finece\u011fiz. Kent k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne kazand\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131, sosyal ya\u015famdaki yerleri, dini kurumlar\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131k yap\u0131lar\u0131 ile 1922 yang\u0131n felaketine dek \u0130zmir Ermenilerinin izleri s\u00fcr\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n

Tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan Ermeni toplumunun \u0130zmir\u2019e geli\u015fi iki farkl\u0131 teori ile aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lkine g\u00f6re; Kilikya\u2019da ki Rupen Monar\u015fisi\u2019nin 1375 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucu, 30.000 kadar Ermeni, Meml\u00fcklerin istilas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7arak K\u0131br\u0131s, Rodos, Hanya ve bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u0130zmir\u2019e yerle\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130kinci anlat\u0131ma g\u00f6re ise; 1605 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015eah Abbas\u2019\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131yla binlerce Ermeni\u2019nin \u0130ran ve Anadolu\u2019ya zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7leridir. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7ler \u00f6zellikle; Nahcivan, Erivan ve Karaba\u011f y\u00f6n\u00fcne do\u011fru ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Buradan da ayr\u0131lan bir k\u0131s\u0131m Ermeniler bat\u0131ya \u0130zmir\u2019e dek ula\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Kervan K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermeni \u00fclkesinden ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131ndan epeyce uzakta kalan \u0130zmir kentine Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7leri nas\u0131l olmu\u015ftu? Burada d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemiz gereken en \u00f6nemli sebep, yukar\u0131da da de\u011finmi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz gibi ticari avantajlar olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bat\u0131\u2019ya d\u00f6n\u00fck ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 \u0130zmir liman\u0131, \u00f6zellikle 18. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ve sonras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu liman ticaretinden elde edilen gelirlerle bir\u00e7ok aile kent aristokrasisine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu ekonomiye ba\u011fl\u0131 kayg\u0131lar, Ermeni t\u00fcccar ailelerini \u0130zmir\u2019e \u00e7eken as\u0131l sebep olmu\u015ftur. Ermeni t\u00fcccarlar, \u0130ran havzas\u0131ndan gelen \u0130pek ticaretini ellerinde tutmaktayd\u0131lar.\u00a0 Bu ipekler, \u0130zmir\u2019e dek deve kervanlar\u0131yla ula\u015fmakta ve nihayet liman\u0131n modern anlamda yap\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131yla Akdeniz limanlar\u0131na do\u011fru y\u00f6nelmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca ticari kent olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019de, di\u011fer Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehirlerinde olmayacak kadar \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli din ve millete sa\u011flanan toleranslar burada k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ya\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131n tercih sebebi olmas\u0131 mant\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131d\u0131r ki; Ermeni toplumunun 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l sonras\u0131nda Avrupa ve Amerika\u2019ya olan yolculuklar\u0131nda \u0130zmir kenti bir durak olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Saint-Mesrop Erkek Lisesi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorluk kentlerinin hemen hepsinde oldu\u011fu gibi, \u0130zmir\u2019de de etnik-din esas\u0131na g\u00f6re mahalleler olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Ermeni mahallesinin ise ilk olarak \u0130zmir\u2019de T\u00fcrk mahallesine yak\u0131n bir konumda olu\u015ftu\u011fu g\u00f6zlemlenir. \u0130lk Ermeni mahallesinin ad\u0131: Apona Mahala\u2019d\u0131r.\u00a0 Burada bir kilise ve mezarl\u0131k olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r. 15. Y\u00fczy\u0131l sonras\u0131nda Ermeni mahallesinin Rum mahallesine daha yak\u0131n bir konuma do\u011fru kaym\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece kent merkezine biraz daha yak\u0131n olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu mahalle Kervan Yolu\u2019nun iki yakas\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015f olan \u201c Les Haynots\u201d mahallesidir.<\/p>\n

Haynots, do\u011fudan gelen kara ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130zmir\u2019e giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 olan Kervan Yolu ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmesi tesad\u00fcf de\u011fil, onlar\u0131n bu ticarette ne kadar faal olduklar\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. 18. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda kent izlenimlerini aktaran Venez\u00fcellal\u0131 General Miranda\u2019ya g\u00f6re burada bulunan evler muntazam olup, Yahudi mahallesine nazaran daha temiz ve bak\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u015fanan depremler, yang\u0131nlar nedeniyle defalarca y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p yeniden yap\u0131lan Haynots 1830 y\u0131l\u0131nda salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fam a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan elveri\u015fsiz labirentler g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00a01845 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan yang\u0131n felaketinde neredeyse mahallerinin tamam\u0131 yanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 900 Ermeni evinden yaln\u0131z 37\u2019si kurtulmu\u015ftu. Bu yang\u0131nda \u0130zmir Ermeni cemaatinin ana kilisesi St. Etienne\u2019de yanan yap\u0131lar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bu felaket sonras\u0131nda, Ermeni mahallesi yeniden imara a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, 1850\u2019de tamamlanan bu plana g\u00f6re dik a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 sokaklar, dikd\u00f6rtgen parsellere oturtulmu\u015f yap\u0131larla bat\u0131l\u0131 tarzda \u015fehirle\u015fmi\u015f mesken alanlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ermeni Mahallesi, arka tarafta St. Etienne Kilisesi<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130zmir Ermeni ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n kalbi olan Haynots\u2019un ku\u015fkusuz en \u00f6nemli yap\u0131s\u0131 merkez kilise St. Etienne\u2019dir. Kilisenin tam mevkii Re\u015fadiye Caddesi\u2019ye B\u00f6l\u00fckba\u015f\u0131 Soka\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u00f6\u015fesindeydi. Bah\u00e7esi ve Patrikhane binas\u0131 ile \u0130zmir\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck kiliselerinden biridir. 1845 y\u0131l\u0131nda yanan kilise onar\u0131larak yeni ba\u015ftan in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Yeni kiliseye \u0130talyan tarzda bir kubbe eklenerek daha g\u00f6steri\u015fli bir hal almas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mimar\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019dan gelen Melkom Yeramian olan kilisenin yan\u0131nda ki patrikhane binas\u0131, Balulu Ka\u00e7adur Gazeryan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131s\u0131 ile 1858 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bahsi ge\u00e7en Patrikhane, \u0130zmirli Ermeni din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n konut alanlar\u0131d\u0131r. Kilise 1922 \u0130zmir Yang\u0131n\u0131\u2019nda yanarak yok olmu\u015ftur. Bug\u00fcn temellerinin dahi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kilise; K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark\u2019\u0131n Basmane Kap\u0131s\u0131\u2019ndan girince sa\u011f kesimde yer almaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Haynots\u2019da yer alan e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131na gelince; Saint-Mesrop Erkek Lisesi: 1845 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki yang\u0131ndan kurtulan yap\u0131 1886 y\u0131l\u0131nda yenilenmi\u015ftir. Ohannes Spartian bu okula bir laboratuar ile, Ermenice, Frans\u0131zca, Osmanl\u0131ca, Yunanca, \u0130talyanca, \u0130ngilizce ve Rus\u00e7adan meydana gelen 2000 eserlik bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane kurmu\u015ftur. Haynots d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ancak hemen yak\u0131n\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka okul daha yer almaktayd\u0131. Azize Hrpsime K\u0131z Lisesi.<\/p>\n

St. Greguvar Ermeni Hastanesi, 1801\u2019de Hagop ve Hovhannes Spartian taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu. Hastane, 1878\u2019de tamamen yenilenmi\u015fti. \u00dc\u00e7 katl\u0131 bina, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir meyve bah\u00e7esi, bir \u00e7i\u00e7ek bah\u00e7esi ve bir sebze bah\u00e7esiyle \u00e7evriliydi. Modern, geni\u015f ve gayet iyi donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hastane bah\u00e7esinde ayr\u0131 bir klinik yer almaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Frenk Soka\u011f\u0131\u2019\u0131nda II. Me\u015frutiyet Kutlamas\u0131nda Ermeni tiyatro g\u00f6stericileri<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Haynots\u2019da on be\u015f kadar hay\u0131r ya da k\u00fclt\u00fcr derne\u011finin merkezlerinin bulundu\u011fu bu semt, Ermeniler i\u00e7in bir vakit ge\u00e7irme ve bulu\u015fma yeriydi. Basmane Caddesi\u2019nde 1868 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir okuma kul\u00fcb\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130ki tiyatro binas\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli kafeleri ile modernize bir semt haline gelir zamanla Haynots.<\/p>\n

Ancak 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda etnik-din ayr\u0131m\u0131na dayal\u0131 mahalle ayr\u0131mlar\u0131 yerini ekonomik gelir d\u00fczeyli yerle\u015fim s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar\u0131na yava\u015f yava\u015f b\u0131rakmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok zengin Ermeni aile R\u0131ht\u0131m\u2019a, Karata\u015f\u2019a, Karantina\u2019ya do\u011fru yerle\u015fecektir.<\/p>\n

1915 tehcirinden etkilenmeyen \u0130zmir\u2019li Ermeniler, i\u015fgal d\u00f6neminden sonra Fransa, Amerika gibi \u00fclkelere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015fledir. Bir tak\u0131m tarih\u00e7ilere g\u00f6re \u0130zmir yang\u0131n\u0131n sebebi g\u00f6sterilen Ermeniler, ne yaz\u0131k ki bug\u00fcn Kent k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde varl\u0131k g\u00f6sterememektedir.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130zmir 1830-1930 Unutulmu\u015f Bir Kent mi ?; Marie- Carmen Smyrnelis<\/em><\/p>\n

Levant\u2019\u0131n Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 \u0130zmir; B\u00fclent \u015eenocak<\/em><\/p>\n

19. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130zmir\u2019de Ya\u015fam; Rauf Beyru<\/em><\/p>\n

Evvel Zaman \u0130\u00e7inde \u0130zmir, \u0130zmir Ticaret Odas\u0131 Y.10<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130zmir\u2019in \u0130zmir\u2019i; \u00c7\u0131nar Atay<\/em><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.izmirdesanat.org\/izmir-ermeni-kulturu-uzerine-haynots-mahallesi<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ali \u00d6ZKAN \u00a0 Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl \u00dcniversitesi Klasik Arkeoloji Y\u00fcksek Lisans \u00d6\u011frencisi \u00a0 Smyrne\u00a0ya da T\u00fcrklerin adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fekliyle\u00a0\u0130zmir,\u00a0kurulu\u015fundan bu yana bir\u00e7ok topluma ev sahipli\u011fi yaparak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelmi\u015f bir kenttir. Bir ticari kent olarak daha \u0130.\u00d6. 10. y\u00fczy\u0131lda K\u0131ta Yunanistan\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerce kolonize edilmi\u015f olan bu kent, bir antrepo merkezi olarak \u00f6zellikle 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 din […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,66],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler","category-izmir"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130zmir Ermeni K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00dczerine; Haynots Mahallesi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/03\/02\/izmir-ermeni-kulturu-uzerine-haynots-mahallesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130zmir Ermeni K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00dczerine; Haynots Mahallesi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ali \u00d6ZKAN \u00a0 Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl \u00dcniversitesi Klasik Arkeoloji Y\u00fcksek Lisans \u00d6\u011frencisi \u00a0 Smyrne\u00a0ya da T\u00fcrklerin adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fekliyle\u00a0\u0130zmir,\u00a0kurulu\u015fundan bu yana bir\u00e7ok topluma ev sahipli\u011fi yaparak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelmi\u015f bir kenttir. 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