{"id":4455,"date":"2011-02-25T08:53:02","date_gmt":"2011-02-25T13:53:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=4455"},"modified":"2011-02-25T08:53:02","modified_gmt":"2011-02-25T13:53:02","slug":"halaskar-kilisesi-surp-amenaprkitch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/02\/25\/halaskar-kilisesi-surp-amenaprkitch\/","title":{"rendered":"HALASKAR K\u0130L\u0130SES\u0130 (SURP AMENAP’RKITCH)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tarih\u00e7e<\/strong><\/p>\n

“480 (M.S. 1035) y\u0131l\u0131nda ben, Abl\u011farib marzpan (general), Rum \u0130mparatoru Mikael’e, Konstantinopolis’te, Smbat \u015fahen\u015fah (krallar kral\u0131) ad\u0131na bir tebli\u011fde bulundum ve b\u00fcy\u00fck gayret ve masraf sonunda Kutsal \u00c7arm\u0131h\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 alabildim ve d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde, bu tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 in\u015fa ettirdim…”<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

1.Y\u0131k\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce, kilise<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

2. lisenin bat\u0131dan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

3. Kilisenin g\u00fcneydo\u011fudan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu\u00a0 b\u00fcy\u00fck kilise, 1035 y\u0131l\u0131 civar\u0131nda tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve duvarlar\u0131 uzun ve zarif\u00e7e i\u015flenmi\u015f yaz\u0131tlar\u0131, tarihi hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u015fey anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da k\u0131smen aktar\u0131lan yaz\u0131t, prens Abl\u011farib Pahlavid’in bu kiliseyi, Ger\u00e7ek Ha\u00e7\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydeder. Bu mukaddes emaneti, Konstantinopolis’e gidince edinir ve yaz\u0131tta, \u0130sa’n\u0131n \u0130kinci Geli\u015fine dek kilisede gece ayinlerin d\u00fczenlenmesini emreder.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Ba\u015fka yaz\u0131tlar, hac\u0131lar\u0131n konaklamas\u0131 i\u00e7in ikiz jamatun<\/em> (d\u0131\u015f hol) eklenmesini te\u015fkil eden 1193 restorasyonundan bahseder. 1291’de de, giri\u015fin \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7an kulesi eklendi\u011fi yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131lar, cephenin baz\u0131 yerlerindeki beton izleri haricinde, tamamen yok olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fka bir yaz\u0131t 1342’de, prens Vahram Zakarid’in, mimar Vasil taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen\u00a0 kubbe restorasyonunu emretti\u011finden bahseder.<\/p>\n

19uncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru kilise halen sa\u011flamd\u0131 ancak ileri derecede zay\u0131flamaya kurban gidiyordu. H.F.B. Lynch, Ani’yi 1894’te ziyaret ettikten sonra, “Bu bina, \u00e7\u00f6kmesini \u00f6nleyecek ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, birka\u00e7 y\u0131ldan fazla dayanamayacakt\u0131r”, demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>1912’de, Rus kaz\u0131c\u0131lar, do\u011fu cephesinin ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 restore etmi\u015ftir, ancak kilisenin do\u011fu yar\u0131s\u0131, 1957’de bir f\u0131rt\u0131na s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kimi kaynaklar, bu tarihi 1930’lar olarak bildirir, ancak 1950’li tarih, k\u00f6yl\u00fcler taraf\u0131ndan onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; belli ki, ta\u015flar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesinin sesi, surlar\u0131n hemen d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki k\u00f6yden duyulmu\u015ftur. Kilisenin geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131, 1989’da depremde fena sars\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bug\u00fcn tamamen y\u0131k\u0131lma tehlikesi s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>1999’da kap\u0131, daha fazla \u00e7\u00f6kmeyi engellemek i\u00e7in ge\u00e7 at\u0131lan bir ad\u0131mla, kabaca \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir moloz duvar ile kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekte, hi\u00e7bir tesiri olmayacakt\u0131r, ancak nihai \u00e7\u00f6kme ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde bu, T\u00fcrklere, \u00e7\u00f6kmeyi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ellerinden geleni yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 iddia etme f\u0131rsat\u0131 tan\u0131yacakt\u0131r. Bu “\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma”, anlat\u0131lana g\u00f6re, bir yabanc\u0131 mimar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

1. Al\u0131nda k\u00f6r kemer s\u0131ras\u0131<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

2. Aln\u0131n tepesi<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

3. \u00c7\u00f6ken do\u011fu cephesinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Mimarisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Kilise, neredeyse yuvarlakt\u0131r, d\u0131\u015f\u0131 da 19 y\u00fczl\u00fc \u00e7okgene ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ok y\u00fcksek (ve de \u00e7ok geni\u015f) aln\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik bi\u00e7imde, \u00e7okgene ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; bir dairedir. \u0130\u00e7ten yar\u0131m daire kubbe ile kapl\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcney cephesindeki “pseudo-antique” oymal\u0131 ba\u015f tabanl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck dikd\u00f6rtgen kap\u0131, tek giri\u015fidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7inin, altar apsisi di\u011ferlerinden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olmak \u00fczere, sekiz apsisi varm\u0131\u015f. Altar apsisinin her iki taraf\u0131nda, duvar\u0131n kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck \u015fapel varm\u0131\u015f. Yap\u0131y\u0131 zay\u0131flatan ve kilisenin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olan, bu iki \u015fapel ve geni\u015f tutulmu\u015f apsisin o b\u00f6l\u00fcme verdi\u011fi hasar olsa gerek.<\/p>\n

Freskler<\/h3>\n

Ayakta kalan her apsisin duvar\u0131nda ve yar\u0131m kubbesinde ve de bingilerde soluk freskler vard\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek kalitede ve daha ziyade Bizans stilindedirler, ama ressam, Sarkis P’ar\u00e7kans ad\u0131nda bir Ermeni imi\u015f. Muhtemelen 13\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda, belki de 1291 restorasyonunda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Apsislerin freskleri<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Daha sonraki bir tarihte badana ile \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fe benzerler (kilise, cami olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0131d\u0131r?) ve bug\u00fcn \u00e7ok tahrip edilmi\u015f durumdad\u0131rlar. Y\u0131k\u0131lan altar apsisinin, \u0130sa’y\u0131 tahtta g\u00f6steren bir resmi, di\u011ferlerinin de \u0130sa ile D\u00f6rt Vaiz’in hayat\u0131n\u0131 konu eden resimleri varm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ncelemesi<\/h3>\n

Aln\u0131n, kilisenin taban\u0131ndan pek de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmayan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7ap\u0131, kilisenin tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00f6ze \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 unsurudur.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Aln\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc, kimilerine g\u00f6re 1342 restorasyonunda bir geni\u015fletme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucudur. Ben bundan ku\u015fkuluyum. Ani’nin 14\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda b\u00f6yle bir kubbeyi yaratacak teknik geli\u015fkinli\u011fe veyahut k\u00fclt\u00fcrel g\u00fcvene sahip oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorum; ve e\u011fer 1342 \u00f6ncesi al\u0131n daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck imi\u015fse, kilisenin \u00fcst\u00fcnde nas\u0131l destekleniyordu? Ayr\u0131ca, kilisenin alt k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck kubbe planlanarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015fa benzer. B\u00fcy\u00fck al\u0131nla kubbe, onlar\u0131 destekleyen duvarlara hayli b\u00fcy\u00fck kuvvet uygular. Bu zay\u0131flatmay\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar azaltmak i\u00e7in, giri\u015fin \u00fcst\u00fcndeki yuvarlak pencere ile apsisteki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck pencere d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, kilisenin alt k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na pencere konmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck kap\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Halaskar Kilisesi, geometri olarak en tipik Ermeni kiliselerinden biridir. Tamamen saf geometrik \u015fekillerden, silindir ve k\u00fcreden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Teknik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, Ani’deki en macerac\u0131 yap\u0131d\u0131r. Orta\u00e7a\u011f Ermeni kiliselerinin in\u015fa y\u00f6ntemi (k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ta\u015f ile beton \u00f6zden olu\u015fmu\u015f \u00e7ekirdek ve bunun \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rten kesme ta\u015f), b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir yap\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bu kilise, bu b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl yap\u0131lar\u0131n kal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131ndaki \u00f6zellikleri yeni doruklara ta\u015f\u0131r. Duvarlar, \u00e7at\u0131lar, al\u0131n, kubbe, s\u00fctunlar, apsisler, hepsi tek, birle\u015fik bir varl\u0131\u011fa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden, \u00e7\u00f6kme ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kilisenin yar\u0131s\u0131 yerle bir olmu\u015ftur. Yap\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, ya hep ya da hi\u00e7tir.<\/p>\n

Duvarlarda yaz\u0131tlar<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Kilisenin \u0130\u00e7inin \u00dc\u00e7 Boyutlu \u0130ncelemesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler, Halaskar Kilisesi’nin i\u00e7 geometrisini g\u00f6steren bilgisayarda \u00e7izilmi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 boyutlu modelidir. 1980’lerin sonlar\u0131nda, “solid modelling software” halen \u00e7ok ilkelken \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir. Modelin basit geometrik \u015fekillerden yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir – k\u00fcreler, silindirler ve k\u00fcpler. Yak\u0131n sureti halen yarat\u0131labilir; bu da, kilisenin geometrik safl\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015farettir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Boyutlar, Strzygowski’nin “Die Baukunst der Armenier und Europa”s\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Toros T’oramanian’\u0131n kilise plan ve kesit \u00e7izimlerinden t\u00fcretilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.virtualani.org\/redeemer\/turkish.htm<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tarih\u00e7e “480 (M.S. 1035) y\u0131l\u0131nda ben, Abl\u011farib marzpan (general), Rum \u0130mparatoru Mikael’e, Konstantinopolis’te, Smbat \u015fahen\u015fah (krallar kral\u0131) ad\u0131na bir tebli\u011fde bulundum ve b\u00fcy\u00fck gayret ve masraf sonunda Kutsal \u00c7arm\u0131h\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 alabildim ve d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde, bu tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 in\u015fa ettirdim…” 1.Y\u0131k\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce, kilise 2. lisenin bat\u0131dan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc 3. Kilisenin g\u00fcneydo\u011fudan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc Bu\u00a0 b\u00fcy\u00fck kilise, 1035 y\u0131l\u0131 civar\u0131nda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4455","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler","category-manastirlar-kiliseler"],"yoast_head":"\nHALASKAR K\u0130L\u0130SES\u0130 (SURP AMENAP'RKITCH) - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/02\/25\/halaskar-kilisesi-surp-amenaprkitch\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"HALASKAR K\u0130L\u0130SES\u0130 (SURP AMENAP'RKITCH) - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tarih\u00e7e “480 (M.S. 1035) y\u0131l\u0131nda ben, Abl\u011farib marzpan (general), Rum \u0130mparatoru Mikael’e, Konstantinopolis’te, Smbat \u015fahen\u015fah (krallar kral\u0131) ad\u0131na bir tebli\u011fde bulundum ve b\u00fcy\u00fck gayret ve masraf sonunda Kutsal \u00c7arm\u0131h\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 alabildim ve d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde, bu tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 in\u015fa ettirdim…” 1.Y\u0131k\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce, kilise 2. lisenin bat\u0131dan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc 3. Kilisenin g\u00fcneydo\u011fudan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc Bu\u00a0 b\u00fcy\u00fck kilise, 1035 y\u0131l\u0131 civar\u0131nda […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/02\/25\/halaskar-kilisesi-surp-amenaprkitch\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-02-25T13:53:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2011\/02\/12.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"583\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"275\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"kalem\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"kalem\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/02\/25\/halaskar-kilisesi-surp-amenaprkitch\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/02\/25\/halaskar-kilisesi-surp-amenaprkitch\/\",\"name\":\"HALASKAR K\u0130L\u0130SES\u0130 (SURP AMENAP'RKITCH) - 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