{"id":4235,"date":"2011-02-11T10:18:08","date_gmt":"2011-02-11T15:18:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=4235"},"modified":"2011-02-11T10:18:08","modified_gmt":"2011-02-11T15:18:08","slug":"tigran-honents-aziz-krikor-kilisesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/02\/11\/tigran-honents-aziz-krikor-kilisesi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u0130GRAN HONENTS AZ\u0130Z KR\u0130KOR K\u0130L\u0130SES\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tarih\u00e7e<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

664 (M.S. 1215) y\u0131l\u0131nda, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n l\u00fctfuyla, Ani \u015fehrinin beyi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve muktedir Zakaria iken… ben, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n kulu, Honents ailesinden Sulem Smbatorents’in o\u011flu Tigran, efendilerimin ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrlerine, kayal\u0131klar\u0131n kenar\u0131nda ve \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131ktan ge\u00e7ilmeyen bu yerde, Aziz Krikor’a adad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu manast\u0131r\u0131 yapt\u0131rd\u0131m, ve onu sahiplerinden helal servetimle sat\u0131n ald\u0131m ve b\u00fcy\u00fck zahmet ve masraf ile ona her yandan savunma sa\u011flad\u0131m. Bu kiliseyi Aziz Krikor Lusavori\u00e7 ad\u0131na yapt\u0131rd\u0131m ve onu bir\u00e7ok s\u00fcs ile g\u00fczelle\u015ftirdim…”<\/em><\/p>\n

– Kilisenin do\u011fu cephesindeki yaz\u0131t<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n

Al\u0131nt\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131daki yaz\u0131ttan anla\u015f\u0131lana g\u00f6re kilise, Tigran Honents ad\u0131nda zengin bir t\u00fcccar taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve 1215 y\u0131l\u0131nda bitirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kilisenin kuzeyden g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Kilisenin bat\u0131dan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nemde Ani, G\u00fcrc\u00fc himayesi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r ve bu kilise, G\u00fcrc\u00fc Ortodoks Kilisesi’ne vakfedilmi\u015ftir (ve fresklerin G\u00fcrc\u00fc sanatkarlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131l\u0131r).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ncelemesi<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>D\u0131\u015ftan, kubbeli dikd\u00f6rtgen tasar\u0131m, Katedral’i and\u0131r\u0131r, fakat daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcttedir. \u0130\u00e7 plan\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r ve Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n bu ge\u00e7 d\u00f6neminin di\u011fer kiliselerininkiyle benze\u015fir. Kimi zaman “kubbeli hol”<\/em> olarak adlanan tiptendir – \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6lmeye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tek sah\u0131n, orta b\u00f6lmenin \u00fczerinde kubbe vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Kilisenin (\u00f6zellikle i\u00e7inde ve kubbenin \u00fczerindeki dik\u00e7e sivrilen konik \u00e7at\u0131da g\u00f6r\u00fclen) art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dikey orant\u0131lar\u0131 da bu d\u00f6neme \u00f6zg\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

1. Kubbenin aln\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcslemeleri\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a02. Kuzey cephesinde k\u00f6r kemer dizisi ve pencereler<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00f6r kemer dizisi, kilisenin d\u00f6rt yan\u0131ndan dolan\u0131r. Sarma\u015f\u0131k bitkilerin aras\u0131ndan beliren ger\u00e7ek veyahut hayali hayvanlar\u0131 betimleyen g\u00f6steri\u015fli oymalar s\u0131ra kemerlerin aras\u0131ndaki kemer \u00fcst\u00fc dolgular\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcsler. Bunlar, binan\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 saran bir s\u00fcsl\u00fc bant olu\u015fturur. Benzeri kemer s\u0131ras\u0131 ve bant, aln\u0131n etraf\u0131nda da vard\u0131r. Band\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir bant daha vard\u0131r, bu da geometrik kabartmal\u0131-oymal\u0131 i\u015flidir (ki bu da gene 13\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131l kiliselerine hast\u0131r).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Kilisenin \u00f6n\u00fcnde, \u015fimdi baya\u011f\u0131 harap durumda, daha sonra ilave edilmi\u015f bir narteks durur. \u0130ki taraftan a\u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve kuzey kenar\u0131nda bir \u015fapeli varm\u0131\u015f. Bunun kemerli a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131, keskince oyulmu\u015f zikzak silmeyle vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve zaman\u0131n\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131nkine benzer s\u00fctun ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131na oturtulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Dolgunun hayvan oymas\u0131<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Bu narteksin i\u00e7i (kilisenin y\u00fcz\u00fc dahil olmak \u00fczere), fresklerle kapl\u0131ym\u0131\u015f; bu da Ani’nin daha eski yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131 sadeliklerine z\u0131t ka\u00e7an bir te\u015fhirciliktir ve \u015fehrin 13\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131l istikrars\u0131z ekonomik ve siyasi durumu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda pek de m\u00fcnasip de\u011fildir.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

1. Kilisenin bat\u0131 cephesi\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

2. Narteksin kemerli giri\u015fi\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

3. Do\u011fuya bakarken kilisenin i\u00e7i<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Tigran Honents, genellikle ticaretle u\u011fra\u015farak b\u00fcy\u00fck servetler toplayan ve kendilerini “baron” ilan eden bir\u00e7ok varl\u0131kl\u0131 t\u00fcccar ailelerden birinin \u00fcyesiymi\u015f. Varl\u0131kl\u0131 olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, sonunda kendi konumlar\u0131n\u0131 da Ani’ninkini de koruyabilecek yeterli siyasi ve hi\u00e7bir askeri g\u00fc\u00e7leri olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Freskler<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7 mekan\u0131n tamam\u0131, kiliseyle ayn\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131t fresklerle kapl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ki ana konu vard\u0131r – Hazreti \u0130sa’n\u0131n Hayat\u0131 <\/em>ve kilisenin adand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Krikor Lusavori\u00e7’in Hayat\u0131<\/em> (Saint Gregory the Illuminator).<\/p>\n

Kubbe, alt\u0131nda Azize Meryem ile On \u0130ki Havarinin bulunduruldu\u011fu, d\u00f6rt melek taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131nan \u0130sa b\u00fcst\u00fc ile \u0130sa’n\u0131n G\u00f6\u011fe Y\u00fckseli\u015fi’nin hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f tasvirini bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

1. G\u00fcney duvar\u0131nda freskler – aralar\u0131nda,<\/em>\u00a0\u0130sa’nin Kud\u00fcs’e Giri\u015fi\u00a0ve (\u00fcstte)\u00a0\u0130sa’n\u0131n Do\u011fumu<\/strong><\/p>\n

2. Apsisin yak\u0131n zamanda badanalanm\u0131\u015f freskleri<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kilisenin do\u011fu yar\u0131s\u0131, aralar\u0131nda Cebrail’in Hazreti Meryem’e Haber Veri\u015fi (“Annunciation”), \u0130sa’n\u0131n Do\u011fumu, \u0130sa’n\u0131n Kud\u00fcs’e Giri\u015fi, Aziz Lazarus’un Dirilme Mucizesi, vb. sahnelerinin de bulundu\u011fu, \u0130sa’n\u0131n hayat\u0131ndan sahnelerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Apsisin yar\u0131m kubbesinde, \u0130sa’n\u0131n fig\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r. Bunun alt\u0131nda \u0130sa ve Havariler, A\u015fai Rabbani (“Communion”) sahnesinde resmedilmi\u015ftir. Bunun da alt\u0131nda, yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte badana ile mahvedilmi\u015f bir s\u0131ra kilise b\u00fcy\u00fckleri veyahut peygamber resimleri varm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Kilisenin bat\u0131 odas\u0131, Krikor Lusavori\u00e7’in hayat\u0131ndan 16 sahne sunar. Aziz Krikor’un Trdat taraf\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131; zindan dahil, ona \u00e7ektirilen i\u015fkenceler; Hripsime’nin \u015fehit edilmesi; Kral Trdat ve G\u00fcrcistan, Abhazya, ve Albanya krallar\u0131n\u0131n vaftiz edilmesi; vs. de bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kanatl\u0131 ejderhalar\u0131 g\u00f6steren aynal\u0131k<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Apsisin g\u00fcneyindeki \u015fapelin kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde, zaman\u0131n\u0131n dokumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na fikir verecek bir desen olarak, madalyonlar i\u00e7inde mahfuz d\u00f6rt ejderha g\u00f6steren s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir aynal\u0131k vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

1. Narteks \u015fapelindeki fresk\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

1. \u00a0Narteksten bir figure\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

2. Kilisenin kuzey b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn fresklerinin yontulmu\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0Daha \u00f6nce de anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, nartekste de freskler varm\u0131\u015f. Bunlar, art\u0131k mahvolmu\u015ftur veyahut a\u015f\u0131nmayla zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kilisenin duvar\u0131nda, giri\u015fin \u00fcst\u00fcnde ve sa\u011f\u0131nda, \u0130sa’n\u0131n \u00e7arm\u0131ha gerili\u015fi resmedilmi\u015ftir. Azize Meryem’in yas\u0131 \u00f6b\u00fcr taraftad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Narteksin kuzey duvar\u0131nda art\u0131k epey solmu\u015f, \u0130shak, Yakup ve \u0130brahim peygamberlin, Hazreti Meryem, Adem ve Cennet Kap\u0131s\u0131’n\u0131 bekleyen d\u00f6rt \u015fekilli<\/strong> (“tetramorph”) <\/em>yarat\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi Cennet resmi vard\u0131r. Kemerlerin altlar\u0131nda da aziz veya peygamber fig\u00fcrleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fresklerin Yak\u0131n Tarihte
\nMaruz Kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hasar<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

Fresklerin y\u00fczlerinin, resim yap\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 olan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarca tahrif edilmesi beklenebilir bir olgudur. Uzan\u0131labilir resimler, yak\u0131n zamanda hem T\u00fcrk hem yabanc\u0131 turist karalamalar\u0131 (grafiti) ile hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Ancak en a\u011f\u0131r hasar, tuhaf bir t\u00fcrdendir. Grafitinin verdi\u011fi hasar\u0131 “kapatma” u\u011fruna, fresklerin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 badana ile kaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r! \u00d6zellikle kilisenin kuzey duvar\u0131ndaki freskler, (al\u00e7\u0131ya e\u015filmi\u015f CND sembol\u00fc dahil olmak \u00fczere) grafiti ile a\u011f\u0131r hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc “toparlamak” i\u00e7in, resimlerin alt s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 yontulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bu hasar, 1990’lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Profes\u00f6r Beyhan Karama\u011faral\u0131’n\u0131n kaz\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda meydana gelmi\u015ftir (bak\u0131n\u0131z Ani – yak\u0131n tarih\u00e7esi<\/a>) ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir hayli vakit ve gayret sarf edilmesi gerekmi\u015f olsa gerek. \u0130skele veyahut merdiven kullan\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilemezdi ve resmi makamlarca g\u00f6z yumulmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Aran\u0131zda bu resimlerin, hasar meydana gelmeden \u00f6nceki halinin foto\u011fraflar\u0131 elinde olan var m\u0131?<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.virtualani.org\/tigranhonents\/turkish.htm<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tarih\u00e7e\u00a0 664 (M.S. 1215) y\u0131l\u0131nda, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n l\u00fctfuyla, Ani \u015fehrinin beyi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve muktedir Zakaria iken… ben, Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n kulu, Honents ailesinden Sulem Smbatorents’in o\u011flu Tigran, efendilerimin ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrlerine, kayal\u0131klar\u0131n kenar\u0131nda ve \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131ktan ge\u00e7ilmeyen bu yerde, Aziz Krikor’a adad\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu manast\u0131r\u0131 yapt\u0131rd\u0131m, ve onu sahiplerinden helal servetimle sat\u0131n ald\u0131m ve b\u00fcy\u00fck zahmet ve masraf ile […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler","category-manastirlar-kiliseler"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u0130GRAN HONENTS AZ\u0130Z KR\u0130KOR K\u0130L\u0130SES\u0130 - 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