{"id":3821,"date":"2011-01-14T06:02:25","date_gmt":"2011-01-14T11:02:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=3821"},"modified":"2011-01-14T06:02:25","modified_gmt":"2011-01-14T11:02:25","slug":"reformdan-soykirima-giden-yol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/01\/14\/reformdan-soykirima-giden-yol\/","title":{"rendered":"“REFORMDAN” SOYKIRIMA G\u0130DEN YOL"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Rag\u0131<\/strong>p Zarakolu<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ermeni sorunu, Osmanl\u0131dan miras kalan, sorunlar\u0131 siyasal ve adil bi\u00e7imde \u201c\u00e7\u00f6zmek\u201d yerine onlar\u0131 \u201c\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctme\u201d y\u00f6nteminin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. Ermeni sorunu, bir anlamda, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun iki y\u00fczy\u0131la yak\u0131n devam eden \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme s\u00fcrecinin en son \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. Yeni moda deyimle ifade edecek olursak, bu zihniyetin de\u011fi\u015fmemesi nedeniyle, ne \u201cTanzimat\u201d, ne \u201cIslahat\u201d ne de \u201cMe\u015frutiyet A\u00e7\u0131mlar\u0131\u201d bir sonu\u00e7 vermi\u015ftir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlarda, niyet gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik ger\u00e7ek ve kal\u0131c\u0131 ortak bir program olu\u015fturmaktan \u00e7ok, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fckte devam ve \u201cdevletin bekas\u0131\u201d i\u00e7in zaman kazanmakt\u0131r. \u201cIslahat\u201d tan anla\u015f\u0131lan ise, payla\u015f\u0131mdan \u00e7ok, egemenli\u011fin monolitik tarzda devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, ana paradigmada asla de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmadan, \u00f6zellikle devlet cephesinden gerekli d\u00fczenlemelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n siyasi \u00f6nderleri ve \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, yar\u0131m kalm\u0131\u015f bir demokratik devrim giri\u015fimi olan 1908 Devriminden sonra, iradelerini T\u00fcrkler ve di\u011fer halklarla \u201cbirlikte ya\u015fama\u201d temeli \u00fczerinde olu\u015fturdular. Osmanl\u0131 partileri ile siyasal ittifaklar kurdular, se\u00e7imlere ortak listeler ile kat\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Ancak Osmanl\u0131 siyasal arenas\u0131nda ortak ya\u015fam projelerinin zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hayata ge\u00e7irilemeyi\u015fi, eski sorunlar\u0131 tekrar geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Ermeni ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 asl\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 Ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n 1908 Devrimi sonras\u0131, T\u00fcrk Ocaklar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131 ulusla\u015fma yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131na dost\u00e7a bakacaklard\u0131. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u00fcrtler gibi onlar da, Anayasal d\u00fczende \u201ckurucu unsur\u201d olduklar\u0131n\u0131 hayal ediyorlard\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fczisyen Gomidas, T\u00fcrk Oca\u011f\u0131nda konferanslar vererek, ulusal kimlik aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131na, m\u00fczik alan\u0131nda destek sunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o da bir\u00e7ok Ermeni ayd\u0131n\u0131 gibi ayr\u0131 kimliklerin birlikte var olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. U\u011fursuz 1914 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar. Oysa, \u00e7ok uluslu ve karma yerle\u015fimli bir imparatorlukta, \u00fcniter ve ulusal bir devletin kurulmas\u0131, ancak etnik temizlik kampanyalar\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilirdi.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131-Rus ve Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131, gerek Kafkaslardan gerekse Balkanlardan Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131na y\u0131\u011f\u0131lan zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgalar\u0131na neden oldu. \u00d6zellikle yeni Balkan devletleri, \u201c\u00f6tekileri\u201d g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlayarak, k\u0131y\u0131m ve \u015fiddet politikalar\u0131yla,\u00a0 kalanlar\u0131 ise asimile ederek, ulusal dokuyu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme uygulamalar\u0131na ba\u015fvurdu.<\/p>\n

Asayi\u015fsizlik durumu, Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da ise Ermeniler ve K\u00fcrtler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli idi. 93 Harbinden sonra ve 1890\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n Hamidiye k\u0131y\u0131mlar\u0131 sonucunda, bir\u00e7ok Ermeni k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fc topraklar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015fti. O d\u00f6nemin korucular\u0131 olan Hamidiye alaylar\u0131, bunlar\u0131n d\u00f6nmesine izin vermedi\u011fi gibi, Ermeni k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc taciz etmekte devam ediyordu. Ermeni partileri ise, o zaman \u201cfedai\u201d denen, bir \u00e7e\u015fit \u00f6z-savunma i\u015flevini g\u00f6ren gerilla g\u00fc\u00e7lerini da\u011fdan indirmi\u015f ve anayasal sistemin legal bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmi\u015flerdi. Hepsi legal parti olarak, a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6rg\u00fctlerdi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ITF\u2019nin \u201cimha\u201d siyasetine y\u00f6neldi\u011fi kesinle\u015fti\u011finde, Van d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, direni\u015f i\u00e7in \u00e7ok az olanak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Ermenilerin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun 6 vilayetinde Makedonya\u2019dakine benzer bir reform program\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatmay\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin \u00f6zellikle de Almanya ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 ile kabul etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bu Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in, art\u0131k Anadolu\u2019nun da elden gitti\u011fi pani\u011fini yaratacakt\u0131. \u00d6te yandan Balkanlardan gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131na da bir yer a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle korkun\u00e7 bir ekonomik kriz ya\u015fanmaktayd\u0131, devlet ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan iflas etmi\u015fti. Modernle\u015ferek g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck Osmanl\u0131 ordusu ise, yeni olu\u015fmu\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Balkan devletleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131 da \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtan utan\u00e7 verici bir yenilgiye u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n en sad\u0131k tebalar\u0131ndan olan Arnavutlar\u0131n, 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ITF\u2019n\u0131n \u201cs\u00f6zde a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131ndan\u201d umudu kesmeleri ve aralar\u0131ndaki din ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 [M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Ortodoks ve Katolik] ilk defa kald\u0131rarak birlikte ayaklanmalar\u0131, irili ufakl\u0131 Balkan devletlerine, g\u00fc\u00e7lerini birle\u015ftirme ve birlikte atak yapma cesareti vermi\u015fti. [Balkanlardaki s\u00fcre\u00e7 ve Arnavut ulusla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bak: Aram Andonyan, \u201cBalkan Sava<\/strong>\u015f<\/strong>\u0131<\/strong>\u201d, \u00c7ev. Zaven Biberyan, Aras Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1999].<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, iflas eden Osmanl\u0131 ordusunu yeniden organize etme i\u015fini Almanlara ihale ettiler. Ordu i\u00e7inde amans\u0131z bir \u015fiddet uygulamas\u0131 ba\u015flatarak, bir \u00e7e\u015fit Prusya disiplini sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. [ Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ile Almanya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in Bak: Vahakn N. Dadrian, \u201c\u0130ttifak Devletleri Kaynaklar\u0131nda Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131<\/strong>\u201d, T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi: Ali \u00c7ak\u0131ro\u011flu, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 2006].<\/p>\n

Arnavutlardan sonra Araplar da, ulusal taleplerini y\u00fcksek bir bi\u00e7imde dile getirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. K\u00fcrtler ise, hala hilafete sadakatle ba\u011fl\u0131 olmakla birlikte K\u00fcrt ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da, batan imparatorlukta kendi geleceklerini halklar\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011finin \u00f6n\u00fcne koydular(bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u2013\u015eeyh Abdulkadir-impartorluktan yana, ki devlet \u00e7\u00f6kerse kendilerine i\u015f kalmayacat\u0131, bir di\u011fer grup ise \u2013\u015eerif Pa\u015fa, Mevlanzade- ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 bir \u00e7izgiyi izlediler. Ancak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 \u00e7izgi gerek birinciler, \u0130ttihat ve Kemalistler taraf\u0131ndan etkisizle\u015ftirildi. Arap ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da ITF\u2019na olan g\u00fcven dibe vurmu\u015ftu. Onlar da h\u0131zla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 bir \u00e7izgiye y\u00f6neleceklerdi. Bu Arap ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 ise, \u0130mparatorluk batarsa Suriye de kendi hanedan\u0131n\u0131 kurmay\u0131 hayal eden Cemal Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan Beyrut\u2019un bug\u00fcn \u201c\u015eehitler Alan\u0131\u201d diye bilinen meydan\u0131nda salk\u0131m sa\u00e7ak salland\u0131r\u0131lacaklard\u0131. Cemal Pa\u015fan\u0131n, Ermeniler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki g\u00f6rece \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 tavr\u0131 ise, kurmay\u0131 hayal etti\u011fi yeni devlette, bu halk\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131 yetene\u011finden ve gen havuzundan yararlanmakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu sorunlardan ka\u00e7man\u0131n yolunu, 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131na, Alman militarizmi komutas\u0131 alt\u0131nda girmede buldu. Ermeni \u00f6nderlerinin, sava\u015f cephesinde as\u0131l Ermeni halk\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 bu sava\u015fa girmemeleri i\u00e7in sonuna kadar ikna etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 biliniyor. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, asla istemeden Bat\u0131 zoruyla taahh\u00fct ettikleri Ermeni reformunu sava\u015f bahanesi ile ask\u0131ya ald\u0131lar. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lara g\u00f6re, Ermeniler, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusu g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlayarak, belli bir b\u00f6lgede \u00e7o\u011funluk sa\u011flayabilir, sonra kendi hakk\u0131n\u0131 tayin hakk\u0131n\u0131 dayatabilirdi. Ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun bunun \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmeliydi.<\/p>\n

Ermeni Reformu, \u0130TF\u2019nin ku\u015fkular\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na neden oldu. Bir yanda liberal e\u011filimli, otonomiden yana \u0130tilaf\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc muhalefeti, \u00f6te yanda Ermeni Reformu [onlara g\u00f6re dayatmas\u0131] ITF Cuntas\u0131, \u00e7areyi bal\u0131klama d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131na dalmakta buldu. \u00d6nce Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015fa kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda isteksiz olan Almanya, Bat\u0131 cephesinde bata\u011fa saplan\u0131p, y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131 hayalinde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamay\u0131nca, do\u011fu cephesinde ITF cuntas\u0131na, askerleriyle birlikte hibe etti\u011fi iki z\u0131rhl\u0131 ile Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Odessa kentini bombard\u0131man ettirerek rahatlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Olas\u0131 bir Ermeni devletinin olu\u015fumunu \u00f6nlemenin tek y\u00f6ntemi, \u0130TF \u00e7evrelerine g\u00f6re, bu halk\u0131 kendi tarihsel ya\u015fam alan\u0131ndan ar\u0131nd\u0131rmakt\u0131. Bunun yolu ise, kad\u0131n, ya\u015fl\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar da dahil t\u00fcm bir halk\u0131n, Suriye \u00e7\u00f6lleri do\u011frultusunda uzun bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu. Suriye\u2019de bile Ermenilerin n\u00fcfus oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 6\u2019y\u0131 ge\u00e7memesi isteniyordu. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n son evresi ise 1916 y\u0131l\u0131nda Suriye \u00e7\u00f6llerinde, Der Zor\u2019da sahneye konacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, bir yenilgi durumunda bile, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n art\u0131k kurulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyorlard\u0131. Fiziki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lan bir halk nas\u0131l devlet kurabilirdi ki? Onlara g\u00f6re \u201cHayali Ermenistan\u201d topra\u011fa g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. <\/em>Kemalistlerin de 1929\u2019da A\u011fr\u0131\u2019da hayali K\u00fcrdistan\u0131, topra\u011fa g\u00f6md\u00fcklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeleri gibi.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 imzalanan Sevr Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir K\u00fcrdistan yan\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n da olu\u015fumunu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Ama halk\u0131 olmayan hayali bir devlet nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulabilirdi ki? Zaten Sevr Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n en ba\u015ftan iflas etmesinin as\u0131l nedeni de buydu.<\/p>\n

Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ayn\u0131 zamanda, y\u00fckseltilmesi istenen ulusal burjuvazi ad\u0131na bir m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ameliyesi idi. M\u00fclkiyetin zorla el de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi sonucu, bask\u0131c\u0131 sisteme ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 yeni bir burjuva tabakas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fi desteklendi. Madem \u201cT\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrklerin\u201d olacakt\u0131, az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 tasfiye s\u00fcreci sonuna kadar devam ettirilmeli idi. K\u00fcrtlere bi\u00e7ilen kaftan ise, \u201cbeyaz soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u201d idi, yani asimilasyon ve \u201cdil-k\u0131r\u0131m\u201d (linguacide) politikalar\u0131n\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi. [Bk: G\u00fcl\u00e7i\u00e7ek G\u00fcnel Tekin, \u201cBeyaz Soyk\u0131<\/strong>r\u0131m: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Asimilasyon ve Dilk\u0131r\u0131m Politikalar\u0131<\/strong>\u201d, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl 2009]\u00a0 Asl\u0131nda bunun ba\u015far\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Talat Pa\u015fa ile \u201cErmeni A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u201dn\u0131n Ermeni toplumu ad\u0131na tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapan Erzurum milletvekili Past\u0131rmac\u0131yan, [Armen Garo], an\u0131lar\u0131nda Talat Pa\u015fa ile olan tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 vermektedir. Garo, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131 tasfiye etmeye kararl\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Araplarla federasyon kurmak istediklerini, K\u00fcrtleri ise asimile etmeyi planlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, ama bunun olanaks\u0131z oldu\u011funu belirtir. [ Bak: Armen Garo\u2019nun An\u0131lar\u0131, \u201cOsmanl\u0131<\/strong> Bankas\u0131<\/strong>\u201d . T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi: Attila Tuygan, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 2009]. K\u00fcrt sorununun g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Garo\u2019nun \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frulad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Sonu\u00e7 olarak Ermeni Reformu tarihte ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015f \u201cA\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u201d \u00f6rneklerinden biri olarak yerini ald\u0131.. Bu Reform plan\u0131, \u00a0Ermeni ve K\u00fcrtleri birlikte dikkate ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131ndan daha 2 y\u0131l ge\u00e7meden Cihan Harbi kaosuna s\u00fcr\u00fckleyecek kadar panik i\u00e7ine sokmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

EK BELGE<\/strong><\/p>\n

E R M E N \u0130\u00a0 R E F O R M U<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0(26 Ocak 1914 tarihli anla\u015fma)<\/p>\n

Frans\u0131zca Resmi Metinden terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir (*)<\/p>\n

\u00a0EK I<\/p>\n

\u00a0E R M E N \u0130 R E F O R M L A R I<\/p>\n

(26 Ocak 1914 tarihli anla\u015fma)<\/p>\n

Frans\u0131zca Resmi Metinden terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir (*)<\/p>\n

A)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Do\u011fu Anadolunun iki b\u00f6lgesinin ba\u015f\u0131na iki Avrupal\u0131 m\u00fcfetti\u015f getirilecektir.<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Erzurum, Sivas ve Trabzon vilayetleri, ve de<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Van, Bitlis, Harput ve Diyarbak\u0131r vilayetleri i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n

\u00a0B)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u00f6lgelerin \u0130dari, Adli, Polis ve Jandarma te\u015fkilatlar\u0131 Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015flerin kendi denetimleri alt\u0131nda olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

C)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kamu g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6rg\u00fctleri yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015fim talebiyle, emrine, yetkileri dahilinde kullanmak \u00fczere askeri birlikler verilecektir.<\/p>\n

D)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015fler duruma g\u00f6re, yeterli bulmad\u0131klar\u0131 veya g\u00f6revini k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanan memurlar\u0131 azletmeye ve mahkemeye vermeye, ve g\u00f6revinden al\u0131nan alt derecedeki memurlar\u0131n yerine, kanun ve y\u00f6netmeliklere g\u00f6re, yeterli olan yenilerini tayin etmeye yetkilidirler. Onlar\u0131n y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbeli memurlar\u0131, Sultan\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmetine teklif etme haklar\u0131 vard\u0131r.T\u00fcm resmi muameleler konusunda, ilgili bakanl\u0131klar telgrafla, k\u0131sa esbab\u0131 mucibesiyle, haberdar edilecek. M\u00fcteakip sekiz g\u00fcn zarf\u0131nda, o memurlar\u0131n dosyalar\u0131n\u0131, delilleriyle birlikte bir raporla ilgililere g\u00f6nderilcek.<\/p>\n

E)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zorunlu \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu old\u0131\u011fu vahim durumlarda, Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015flerin, kanunen g\u00f6revlerinden al\u0131nmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan adli memurlar\u0131, ger\u00e7ek durumu hemen adli merciye bildirmek \u015fartiyle, an\u0131nda azletmeye hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

F)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Valiler taraf\u0131ndan, kesin \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren hallerde, Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015f mecburen durumu \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bildirir. Bakanl\u0131k da hemen durumu Bakanlar Kuruluna havale eder. Bakanlar Kurulu Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015fin telgraf\u0131n\u0131 takip eden en fazla, 4 g\u00fcn zarf\u0131nda bir karar vermek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Arazi sorunlar\u0131 Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015fin g\u00f6zetiminde halledilecektir<\/p>\n

H)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015fin g\u00f6rev ve yetkileriyle ilgili, daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 talimatnameler, tayinlerinden sonra ve onlar\u0131n yad\u0131m\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

I)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 On y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015flik makam\u0131 bo\u015f kal\u0131nca, Bab-\u0131 Ali yeni Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015flerin se\u00e7imi i\u00e7in devletlerin nazik yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcmit etmektedir.<\/p>\n

J) Her b\u00f6lgede, kanunlar, talimatnameler ve resmi ilanlar yerel dillerde yay\u0131nlanacak. Mahkemeye veya idareye yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurularda, Genel m\u00fcfetti\u015f bunu imkan dahilinde bulursa, taraflar kendi lisanlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanma hakk\u0131na sahip olacaklar.<\/p>\n

*)M\u00fcfetti\u015flerin tayin \u015feklinin, efkar-\u0131 umumiyeyi tahrik etmemek i\u00e7in, plana dahil edilmemesi uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Her iki m\u00fcfetti\u015fi de B\u00fcy\u00fck Devletler se\u00e7ti ve Sultan\u0131n tasdikine sunuldu.<\/p>\n

K)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Her milletin E\u011fitim b\u00fct\u00e7esinde yerli milletlerin pay\u0131, E\u011fitim vergisine katk\u0131lar\u0131 oran\u0131nda tesbit edilecek. \u0130mparatorluk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, halk\u0131n kendi okullar\u0131na yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7bir suretle engellemeyecek.<\/p>\n

L)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Her Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u0131 hazarda askerlik g\u00f6revini, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin askeri birliklerinde yapacakt\u0131r. Ancak \u0130mparatorluk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti yeni bir emre kadar, Yemen, Asir ve Necd gibi uzak yerlere Kara Kuvvetlerini Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgelerinden, n\u00fcfusla orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak alacakt\u0131r.Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Deniz Kuvvetleri i\u00e7in de \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgelerinden kura askerleri al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131 yedek s\u00fcvari askeri olacaklard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n silahlar\u0131 askeri silah depolar\u0131nda muhafaza edilecek, seferberlik veya manevralarda erata da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bu Alaylar ait olduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lge birliklerinin kumandanlar\u0131n\u0131n emrinde olacaklard\u0131r. Hazarda Tugay, Tabur ve B\u00f6l\u00fck kumandanlar\u0131, imparatorluk ordusu faal subaylar\u0131ndan olu\u015facak. O s\u00fcvari b\u00f6l\u00fcklerinin askerleri bir y\u0131ll\u0131k askeri hizmete tabi tutulacaklard\u0131r. Oraya kabul edilmek i\u00e7in at ve te\u00e7hizat\u0131n\u0131 kendileri temin etmelidirler. Bu s\u00fcvari b\u00f6l\u00fcklerine, milli ve dini ay\u0131r\u0131m olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgeden, at ve te\u00e7hizatlar\u0131n\u0131 temin \u015fartiyle herkes kat\u0131labilecektir. Seferberlik veya manevralar i\u00e7in g\u00f6reve \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lanlar d\u00fczenli askeri disipline tabi olacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

N)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vilayet Genel Kurullar\u0131n\u0131n yetkilileri 13 Mart 1329 (1913) tarihl\u0131 kanunla tesbit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

O)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Genel m\u00fcfetti\u015flerin g\u00f6zetiminde, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn mertebe \u00e7abuk ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse \u2013bir seneyi ge\u00e7memek \u015fartiyle\u2014yap\u0131lacak son bir n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli din, millet ve konu\u015fulan dillerin ger\u00e7ek ve tam oran\u0131n\u0131 her iki b\u00f6lgede tesbit edecektir. O zamana kadar, Van ve Bitlisin Vilayet Genel kurullar\u0131n\u0131n ve enc\u00fcmenlerinin se\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u00fcyelerinin yar\u0131s\u0131 \u0130slam ve yar\u0131s\u0131 da gayr\u0131 m\u00fcslim olacakt\u0131r. Erzurum vilayetinde e\u011fer son n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 bir seneye kadar yap\u0131lmazsa, Vilayet Genel Kurulu \u00fcyeleri de ayni \u015fekilde, Van ve Bitliste oldu\u011fu gibi, e\u015fitlik prensipine g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilecektir. Sivas, Harput ve Diyarbak\u0131r vilayetlerinde, Genel Kurul \u00fcyeleri \u015fimdiden orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilmektedir. Bunun i\u00e7in son n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na kadar, islam se\u00e7menlerin say\u0131s\u0131 son se\u00e7imlerde kullan\u0131lan listelere g\u00f6re kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Ancak maddi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler se\u00e7imin ge\u00e7ici uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 imkans\u0131z k\u0131larsa, genel m\u00fcfetti\u015fler Sivas, Harput ve Diyarbak\u0131r vilayetlerinin sandalye say\u0131s\u0131 konusunda ba\u015fka bir oran teklif edebilecekler ve b\u00f6ylece yerel \u015fartlara ve ihtiya\u00e7lara daha uygun bir sandalye da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 elde edilecektir. Genel Kurul se\u00e7imlerinin orant\u0131l\u0131 esasa g\u00f6re yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn vilayetlerde, gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimlerin Enc\u00fcmenlerde temsilcisi olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

P)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130dare Meclisine se\u00e7ilen \u00fcyelerin oran\u0131 eskiden oldu\u011fu gibi, yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Q)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 E\u011fer bu m\u00fcfetti\u015fler bir mahzur g\u00f6rmezlerse, \u0130slam ve Gayr\u0131 M\u00fcslim e\u015fitlik prensipi her iki b\u00f6lgenin Polis ve Jandarma te\u015fkilat\u0131nda da, yer a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a uygulanacakt\u0131r. E\u015fitlik prensipi her iki b\u00f6lgede t\u00fcm Kamu g\u00f6revlerinde de uygulanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

———————————————————————————-<\/p>\n

Van mebusu Papazyan\u2019\u0131n Ara yorumu<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

\u00a026 Ocak 1914 tarihinde Sait Halim Pa\u015fa ve Rus Sefareti birinci m\u00fc\u015faviri tarf\u0131ndan imzalanan, son \u015feklini alm\u0131\u015f bu plan, T\u00fcrk H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin muhalefeti ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Devletlerin aralar\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar sebebiyle bir iskelete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. 23 May\u0131sta Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015flerin haklar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki mukavele imzaland\u0131. (Onlar 18 Nisanda \u0130stanbul\u2019a geldiler)<\/p>\n

Ta\u015fnak Partisi Erzurum Kongresi (8ci) imzalanan bu plan hakk\u0131nda \u015fu isnatlarda bulundu:<\/p>\n

\u201cGenel Kurul kabul edilen plan\u0131, bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak yetersiz ve faydas\u0131z bulmaktad\u0131r. Plan parti te\u015fkilat\u0131na, uygulamada belli bir sorumluluk almas\u0131na izin vermemektedir. Genel Kurul, m\u00fcdahalenin, resmi heyetlere b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 telkin eder. Ancak bu planda, bizim planla asgari m\u00fc\u015fterekte bulu\u015fan birka\u00e7 nokta bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ne var ki, H\u00fck\u00fcmet onlar\u0131 bile zay\u0131flatmak i\u00e7in her gayreti sarfetmi\u015ftir. Binaenaleyh, Kongre gerekti\u011finde h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00f6nleyici bu te\u015febb\u00fcslerini engelleyip, Ermeni milletinin haklar\u0131n\u0131 koruyacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bundan iki y\u0131l sonra, T\u00fcrkiye Ermenilerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn katliama kurban olup geri kalanlar\u0131 da darmada\u011f\u0131n oldu\u011funda, Reformlar konusunda hamimiz olan Rusya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakan\u0131 Ermeniler konusundaki fikirlerini \u015f\u00f6yle beyan ediyordu: \u201cErmenilere E\u011fitim ve Kilise konusunda, gelece\u011fini tayin etme imkan\u0131 verilmeli. Yaln\u0131z bir \u015fartla: T\u00fcm m\u00fcesseselerde Rus\u00e7aya r\u00fc\u00e7haniyet tan\u0131ma kaydiyle…\u201d (Bak: \u201cAsya T\u00fcrkiyesinin B\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi<\/strong>\u201d, Gizli Belgeler,. Sovyet Rusya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yay\u0131nlar\u0131.)<\/p>\n

\u00a0GENEL M\u00dcFETT\u0130\u015eLER\u0130N G\u00d6REV VE YETK\u0130LER\u0130NE A\u0130T<\/p>\n

TAL\u0130MATNAMELERDEN SE\u00c7MELER<\/p>\n

**<\/p>\n

Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015fler kendi b\u00f6lgelerinde \u0130dari, Adli ve G\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin (Polis ve Jandarma) g\u00f6zetimini \u00fcstlenecekler.<\/p>\n

Kamu g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri yetersiz kal\u0131rsa, Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015fin talebiyle yetkileri dahilinde, gere\u011fini ifa etmek \u00fczere, emrine askeri g\u00fc\u00e7ler tahsis edilmeli.<\/p>\n

Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015fler, Valilerin de fikrini alarak, Bab-\u0131 Aliye gerekli kanun tasar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, \u0130mparatorluk kanunlar\u0131na ve de yerel ihtiya\u00e7lara uygun olma kaydiyle, gerek\u00e7eleriyle birlikte teklif edeceklerdir. Ayr\u0131ca bahsi ge\u00e7en kanunlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, plan ve talimatnameler geli\u015ftireceklerdir.<\/p>\n

Bitlis ve Van vilayetlerindeki Meclis ve Enc\u00fcmenlere se\u00e7ilen \u00fcyeler, yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya \u0130slam ve Gayr\u0131m\u00fcslim olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Erzurum vilayetinde kesin n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, meclis \u00fcyeleri yukarda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en vilayetlerde oldu\u011fu gibi yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya esas\u0131na g\u00f6re se\u00e7ileceklerdir.<\/p>\n

Sivas, Harput ve Diyarbak\u0131r vilayetlerinde \u0130dare Meclisi \u00fcyeleri \u015fimdiden, orant\u0131l\u0131 esasa g\u00f6re se\u00e7ileceklerdir. Bunun i\u00e7in kesin n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na kadar \u0130slam se\u00e7menlerin listeleri kesin say\u0131lacak, Gayr\u0131 M\u00fcslimlerin say\u0131s\u0131na gelince, kendi dini z\u00fcmrelerince temin edilen listeler esas al\u0131nacakt\u0131r. Ancak bu se\u00e7im usul\u00fcn\u00fc uygulamada maddi baz\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler varsa, Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015fler, Sivas, Harput ve Diyarbak\u0131r meclislerinin sandalye da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu vilayetlerin hal\u0131haz\u0131r ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na cevap verecek ba\u015fka bir oran tesbit edip uygulayacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Genel Kurul \u00fcyeleri se\u00e7iminin orant\u0131l\u0131 olarak yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn vilayetlerde, az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n, enc\u00fcmenlerde bir temsilcisi bulunacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1)\u0130dare meclisi se\u00e7imleri ge\u00e7mi\u015fte oldu\u011fu gibi \u0130slam ve Gayr\u0131 M\u00fcslim prensipine g\u00f6re yap\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n

2) Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015fler duruma g\u00f6re, yetersiz veya k\u00f6t\u00fc ahlakl\u0131 memurlar\u0131 azlederler. Cezay\u0131 gerektiren bir su\u00e7 i\u015fleyenleri mahkemeye verirler. \u0130\u015ften uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan memurlar\u0131n yerine yeniden yeterli niteliklere sahip ki\u015fileri tayin ederler.<\/p>\n

3)Valiler cezay\u0131 mucip bir su\u00e7 i\u015flediklerinde ve hemen kesin \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekirse, Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015fler derhal, telgrafla \u0130\u00e7 \u0130\u015fleri bakan\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haberdar ederler, o da konuyu Bakanlar Kuruluna bildirir. Bakanlar Kurulu en fazla d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn zarf\u0131nda karar\u0131n\u0131 Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015fe bildirmek zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

4)Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015flerin ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00f6revlerinden biri de mahkemeleri g\u00f6zlemlemek ve onlar\u0131n adil ve tarafs\u0131z olmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve de tesir alt\u0131nda kalmamalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5)Polis ve Jandarma \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin \u0131slah\u0131 veya yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri, Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015fin talimatlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ve onun g\u00f6zetiminde yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Polis ve Jandarma \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekecek herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik, Valinin fikri al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra, merkezi h\u00fck\u00fcmete bildirilmek \u00fczere genel m\u00fcfetti\u015fe verilecek.<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00f6revlerin ifas\u0131 i\u00e7in her Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015fe:<\/p>\n

Bir Genel Sekreter, bir kalem m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc, yeterli say\u0131da katipler ve terc\u00fcmanlar, m\u00fcd\u00fcrler ve memurlar.<\/p>\n

Siyasi, Polis ve Jandarma i\u015fleri i\u00e7in bir m\u00fcfetti\u015f.<\/p>\n

Adli ve Kamu i\u015fler i\u00e7in m\u00fcfetti\u015fler.<\/p>\n

Naf\u0131a i\u015fleri i\u00e7in m\u00fcfetti\u015fler,<\/p>\n

Yabanc\u0131 Jandarma subaylar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilecek bir Emir Subay\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yabanc\u0131 bir sekreter.<\/p>\n

Ermenice i\u00e7in bir terc\u00fcman.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt\u00e7e i\u00e7in bir terc\u00fcman.<\/p>\n

Yukarda belirtilen memurlar Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015fin izhar\u0131 veya muvafakatiyle tayin edilecekler ve yetkileri, Genel M\u00fcfetti\u015flerin yard\u0131m\u0131yla geli\u015ftirilecek \u00f6zel bi t\u00fcz\u00fckle belirlenecektir.<\/p>\n

ID:787
\n09.01.2011<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.hyetert.com\/yazi3.asp?s=0&Id=787&DilId=1<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rag\u0131p Zarakolu \u00a0Ermeni sorunu, Osmanl\u0131dan miras kalan, sorunlar\u0131 siyasal ve adil bi\u00e7imde \u201c\u00e7\u00f6zmek\u201d yerine onlar\u0131 \u201c\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctme\u201d y\u00f6nteminin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. Ermeni sorunu, bir anlamda, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun iki y\u00fczy\u0131la yak\u0131n devam eden \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme s\u00fcrecinin en son \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. Yeni moda deyimle ifade edecek olursak, bu zihniyetin de\u011fi\u015fmemesi nedeniyle, ne \u201cTanzimat\u201d, ne \u201cIslahat\u201d ne de \u201cMe\u015frutiyet […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n"REFORMDAN" SOYKIRIMA G\u0130DEN YOL - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/01\/14\/reformdan-soykirima-giden-yol\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\""REFORMDAN" SOYKIRIMA G\u0130DEN YOL - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rag\u0131p Zarakolu \u00a0Ermeni sorunu, Osmanl\u0131dan miras kalan, sorunlar\u0131 siyasal ve adil bi\u00e7imde \u201c\u00e7\u00f6zmek\u201d yerine onlar\u0131 \u201c\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctme\u201d y\u00f6nteminin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. 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