{"id":336,"date":"2010-01-13T05:02:33","date_gmt":"2010-01-13T10:02:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=336"},"modified":"2010-01-13T05:02:33","modified_gmt":"2010-01-13T10:02:33","slug":"ani-kisaltilmistir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/01\/13\/ani-kisaltilmistir\/","title":{"rendered":"Ani (K\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Ani \u015fehri, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin Kars \u0130li\u2019nde, Ahuryan Nehri\u2019nin sa\u011f k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ahuryan Nehri\u2019nin sol k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 ise Ermenistan topraklar\u0131d\u0131r. Ani \u015fehri, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde\u00a0 meskun olmay\u0131p harabe halindedir. \u015eehir, deniz seviyesinden 1500 metre y\u00fckseklikteki \u00fc\u00e7gen bir yaylada bulunmakta ve \u0130gadzor, Tsa\u011fkotsadzor ve Gayladzor\u2019dan ge\u00e7erek Ahuryan\u2019a d\u00f6k\u00fclen Ani Nehri\u2019yle \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olup, karayla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olan kuzey y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn de surlarla \u00e7evrili oldu\u011fundan, ele ge\u00e7irilmesi zor bir konuma sahiptir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ani, \u00e7ok eski zamanlardan beri meskun olmu\u015ftur. Ani \u015fehrinin bulundu\u011fu \u015eirak B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde M.\u00d6. I. biny\u0131l\u0131na ait kiklopik yap\u0131lar\u0131n (devasa ta\u015flarla, har\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmadan in\u015fa edilen b\u00fcy\u00fck yap\u0131lar) kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir. Ani kentinin etraf\u0131ndaki vadilerde bulunan ma\u011faralar da ge\u00e7mi\u015f zamanlarda yerle\u015fim yeri olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu ma\u011faralardan birinde, \u0130.\u00d6. II. biny\u0131l\u0131ndan kalm\u0131\u015f bir bronz bilezik bulunmu\u015f, \u015fehrin yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki mezarl\u0131ktan ise M.\u00d6. 8.-7. y\u00fczy\u0131llara ait e\u015fyalar ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ani, ad\u0131n\u0131 Bardzr Hayk B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin Darana\u011fi \u0130l\u00e7esi\u2019nde bulunan (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de F\u0131rat\u2019\u0131n sol k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan Kemah \u0130l\u00e7esi) ve Aramazd tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 ile kral mezarlar\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fc Ani kale-\u015fehrinden alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u015eirak Ovas\u0131\u2019ndaki Ani Kalesi, \u015eirak ve Ar\u015farunik b\u00f6lgesi y\u00f6neticileri olan Ermeni Gamsaragan s\u00fclalesi beylerine ait olmu\u015ftur. A\u015fot M\u0131saker Bagratuni, 780\u2019li y\u0131llarda Gamsaragan ailesinin m\u00fclklerini sat\u0131n al\u0131r. Gamsaragan’lar ise b\u00f6lgeden uzakla\u015f\u0131p Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun hizmetine girerler.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Bagratuni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilk d\u00f6neminde Ani, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n en \u00f6nemli kalelerinden biri konumunda olup krall\u0131k hazinesinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 burada korunmaktayd\u0131. III. A\u015fot (A\u015fot Vo\u011formats) \/953-977\/ \u00fclkede i\u00e7 karga\u015fal\u0131klara son verip g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flad\u0131ktan sonra 961 tarihinde ba\u015fkenti Kars\u2019tan Ani\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ani \u015fehri, o s\u0131ralarda, i\u00e7 kalenin etraf\u0131na yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kale-\u015fehirden olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. A\u015fot, Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131, Katolikos I. Ananya Mokatsi \/946-968\/ taraf\u0131ndan Ani\u2019de kral olarak kutsan\u0131r. A\u015fot, birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra Ani\u2019nin i\u00e7 sur duvarlar\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa eder. Bunlara A\u015fota\u015fen ad\u0131 verilir. A\u015fot\u2019un d\u00f6neminde, demir ve toprak borular kullan\u0131larak \u015fehre su getirilir.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Dvin-Trabzon ticaret yolu \u00fczerinde kurulu olan kent k\u0131sa zamanda b\u00fcy\u00fcr. \u00c7evre \u015fehirlerdeki t\u00fcccar ile zanaatk\u00e2rlar Ani\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. II. S\u0131mbat \/977-989\/, say\u0131lar\u0131 gitgide artan \u015fehir sakinlerini sald\u0131r\u0131lardan koruyabilmek amac\u0131yla yeni sur duvarlar\u0131 in\u015fa eder. 2,5 kilometre uzunluk ve 8-10 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011fe sahip olan ve S\u0131mbatyan olarak an\u0131lan bu sur duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n in\u015faat\u0131 8 y\u0131l s\u00fcrer ve 989 tarihinde tamamlan\u0131r. Kalenin d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 metre uzunlu\u011fa ve 10-12 metre geni\u015fli\u011fe sahip bir hendek kaz\u0131l\u0131p i\u00e7i suyla doldurulur. Ani Kalesi\u2019nde, i\u00e7lerinde k\u0131\u015flalar, n\u00f6bet\u00e7i odalar\u0131, kiliseler ve \u015fapellerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 80\u2019i a\u015fk\u0131n kule bulunmakatayd\u0131.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Kral I. Gagik\u2019in \/989-1020\/ iktidar\u0131 esnas\u0131ndaki bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde, Ani kentinin n\u00fcfusu 100 bine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, kimilerine g\u00f6re ise bu say\u0131 200 bin kadar olmu\u015ftur. Y\u00f6neticiler, prensler, zenginler, t\u00fcccarlar taraf\u0131ndan Ani\u2019de saraylar, ticari binalar ve kiliseler in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ani\u2019de o denli \u00e7ok say\u0131da kilise yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, \u015fehir \u201cbinbir kiliseli kent\u201d ad\u0131yla da tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tarih\u00e7iler, Ani i\u00e7in \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck\u201d, \u201cd\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc\u201d, \u201cd\u00fcvelimuazzam\u201d, \u201cba\u015f\u015fehir\u201d adlar\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ahuryan Nehri \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00f6pr\u00fc in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bunlardan sadece bir tanesi, Kusanats Vank (Bakireler Manast\u0131r\u0131) yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki \u201cMetaksi \u00c7amba\u201d (\u201c\u0130pek Yolu\u201d) veya \u201cAni\u201d ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan k\u00f6pr\u00fc yar\u0131 harabe \u015feklinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ani \u015fehrinin bir yer alt\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu bilinmekteydi. 1904-1917 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda toprak yap\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fekillenmi\u015f olan bu yeralt\u0131 kenti de ke\u015ffedilip incelenmi\u015ftir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u00fc\u00e7gen \u015feklinde olup vadiye, nehirlerin yata\u011f\u0131na do\u011fru inmektedir. Ani yeralt\u0131 \u015fehrinin incelenmesi tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olan 500 ma\u011faras\u0131nda 400 ev, 30 kilise, i\u00e7inde \u015fapellerin ve inziva b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin de bulundu\u011fu bir kiliseler kompleksi, kabirler, 8 mezar grubu, ambarlar, \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u0131dalar\u0131 saklamaya uygun merkezi kilerler, su depolar\u0131, \u015farap ve ya\u011f depolar\u0131, meyhaneler, ah\u0131rlar, atlara \u00f6zel ah\u0131rlar,\u00a0 kervansaraylar, 16 k\u00fcmeslik ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1988 tarihinde meydana gelen deprem nedeniyle yer alt\u0131ndaki \u015fehrin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vaspurakan kral\u0131 Senekerim 1021 y\u0131l\u0131nda Vaspurakan B\u00f6lgesi\u2019n\u0131 Bizans\u00a0 \u0130mparatoru II. Vasil\u2019e (Barse\u011f) \/976-1025\/ teslim eder. Vasil, Tayk b\u00f6lgesinde \u00e7\u0131kan isyan\u0131 kanl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bast\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra \/1022-1023\/ III. S\u0131mbat\u2019tan Kars ile Ani\u2019yi de talep eder. Evlad\u0131 olmayan S\u0131mbat, 1023 tarihinde Ani Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 II. Vasil\u2019e vasiyet eder. Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Ani\u2019yi talep edince ba\u015flar\u0131nda sparapet (ordular\u0131n genel kumandan\u0131) Vahram Pahlavuni\u2019nin bulundu\u011fu grup, IV. A\u015fot\u2019un 17 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki o\u011flu II. Gagik\u2019i \/1042\/43-1045\/ Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n yeni kral\u0131 ilan eder. Bizansl\u0131lar, 1043 ve 1044 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Ani\u2019yi bir ka\u00e7 kez muhasara ederek kenti talep eder. Ani\u2019liler, Vahram Pahlavuni \u00f6nderli\u011finde kenti savunur ve Ani ele ge\u00e7irilmez.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Bizans \u0130mparatoru IX. Konstantin \/1042-1055\/, vasiyeti\u00a0 iade etme bahanesiyle II. Gagik\u2019i Bizans\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Konstantinopolis\u2019e davet eder. Gagik gitmek istemezse de Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131 katolikos Pedros ve as\u0131lzade Vest Sargis Gagik\u2019i ikna ederler. Gagik, Konstantinopolis\u2019te hapsedilerek Ani\u2019yi teslim etmeye zorlan\u0131r. Bizans ordusu 1044 tarihinde Ani \u015fehrini ku\u015fat\u0131r. Ani\u2019liler, Vahram Pahlavuni \u00f6nderli\u011finde kar\u015f\u0131 koyarak, Bizans ordusunu geri \u00e7ekilmeye zorlar. 1045 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bizans ordusu Ani\u2019yi tekrar ku\u015fat\u0131r. Ani\u2019yi teslim etmek isteyenlerin ihanetleri Ani halk\u0131n\u0131n mukavemet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc bozar ve Bizans ordusu, hi\u00e7 bir direni\u015fle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmadan kenti i\u015fgal eder. B\u00f6ylece Ani Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Bagratl\u0131 Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131) 1045 tarihinde son bulur ve Ermenistan Bizans\u2019a ba\u011flan\u0131r. Gagik\u2019e ise Kapadokya\u2019n\u0131n Pizu \u015fehri\u00a0 verilir.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a01046 ve 1131 depremleri \u015fehre b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar verir.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ani\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, \u00fclkenin silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerini imparatorlu\u011fun ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelerine g\u00f6nderir, vergileri artt\u0131r\u0131p mezhepsel sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kararak genel ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011fa yol a\u00e7ar.\u00a0<\/p>\n

11. asr\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar Orta Asya\u2019da hayvan yeti\u015ftirip, \u00e7ad\u0131rlarda ya\u015fayarak g\u00f6\u00e7ebe bir hayat s\u00fcren Sel\u00e7uklular, 11. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 30\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131nda Pers Devleti\u2019ni i\u015fgal edip Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin temellerini atarlar. 1071 tarihinde Sel\u00e7uklular Bizansl\u0131lar\u0131 yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ak\u0131nlar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda, Alp Arslan (1063-1072) \u00f6nderli\u011findeki ordu 1064 tarihinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da kay\u0131p vererek Ani\u2019yi i\u015fgal eder.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131klar\u0131 zaferleri sayesinde G\u00fcrc\u00fc ordusu ve saray\u0131nda \u00fcn kazanan Ermeni Artsruni s\u00fclalesinden Zakaryan Prensleri, 1199 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ani\u2019yi kurtar\u0131rlar. Ani, Zakaryan Prensli\u011fi\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti olur. \u015eehir tekrar geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. \u015eatolar in\u015fa edilir, at\u00f6lyeler kurulur, ticaret geli\u015fir. Ani\u2019de oturan Zakaryan prensi, \u201c\u015eehin\u015fah\u201d ya da \u201cKral\u201d an\u0131larak, G\u00fcrc\u00fc Bagratl\u0131\u2019lar hanedan\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc G\u00fcrcistan K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda kraldan sonra en \u00f6nemli \u015fah\u0131s olarak kabul edilir. Tarih\u00e7iler, Zakaryanlar iktidar\u0131n\u0131 \u201cdevlet\u201d, \u201cdevlet y\u00f6netimi\u201d, \u201ckrall\u0131k\u201d ve \u201ccihan devleti\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131rlar.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a01236 tarihinde Tatar-Mo\u011follar taraf\u0131ndan \u015fehir zaptedilerek talan edilir, halk ise k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irilir. Ani\u2019lilerin 1249 ve 1260 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki isyanlar\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olur. Zakaryanlar\u2019\u0131n y\u00f6netimi, Mo\u011fol iktidar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde de devam eder.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u00a0Mo\u011follar\u0131n ve T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi esnas\u0131nda, y\u00fcksek vergiler ve k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netim sebebiyle \u015fehir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f d\u00f6nemine girer ve Anililer \u015fehri terk etmeye ba\u015flarlar. \u00d6zellikle 1319 depreminden sonra G\u00fcrcistan, Vaspurakan (Van), Kilikya, Ham\u015fen (Hem\u015fin) ve K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019dan da\u00a0 Konstantinopolis, Polonya ve Macaristan\u2019a kitlesel g\u00f6\u00e7ler kaydedilir.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ani\u2019de bas\u0131lan paralar ve tarihi kay\u0131tlar, Ani kentinin 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda tam manas\u0131yla tenhala\u015fmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. 16. as\u0131rda ise \u015fehir art\u0131k k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u00f6ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a01877-1878 Osmanl\u0131-Rus sava\u015f\u0131 sonucunda Ani, Rusya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na ge\u00e7erek Kars B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur.\u00a0<\/p>\n

1920 sonbahar\u0131nda ise T\u00fcrkler Ani\u2019yi i\u015fgal eder ve kent, 16 Mart 1921 tarihinde Moskova\u2019da imzalanan Rus-T\u00fcrk anla\u015fmas\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye teslim edilir.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0 Armen K\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcyan<\/strong> http:\/\/ermeni.hayem.org\/ermenice\/mayraqaghaqner_uni.htm<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ani \u015fehri, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin Kars \u0130li\u2019nde, Ahuryan Nehri\u2019nin sa\u011f k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ahuryan Nehri\u2019nin sol k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 ise Ermenistan topraklar\u0131d\u0131r. Ani \u015fehri, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde\u00a0 meskun olmay\u0131p harabe halindedir. \u015eehir, deniz seviyesinden 1500 metre y\u00fckseklikteki \u00fc\u00e7gen bir yaylada bulunmakta ve \u0130gadzor, Tsa\u011fkotsadzor ve Gayladzor\u2019dan ge\u00e7erek Ahuryan\u2019a d\u00f6k\u00fclen Ani Nehri\u2019yle \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olup, karayla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olan kuzey y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn de surlarla […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-buyuk-haykin-baskentleri"],"yoast_head":"\nAni (K\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r) - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/01\/13\/ani-kisaltilmistir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ani (K\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r) - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ani \u015fehri, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin Kars \u0130li\u2019nde, Ahuryan Nehri\u2019nin sa\u011f k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ahuryan Nehri\u2019nin sol k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 ise Ermenistan topraklar\u0131d\u0131r. 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