{"id":31120,"date":"2014-08-07T02:52:14","date_gmt":"2014-08-07T07:52:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=31120"},"modified":"2014-08-07T02:52:14","modified_gmt":"2014-08-07T07:52:14","slug":"77-rus-osmanli-savasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/08\/07\/77-rus-osmanli-savasi\/","title":{"rendered":"77. Rus-Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sava\u015f nedenleri<\/b><\/p>\n

\"1877-78<\/a>
1877-78 Rus-Osmanl\u0131 Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Kafkasya cephesi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011finde bulunan halklar 1870\u2019li y\u0131llarda, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in ayaklan\u0131r. O d\u00f6nemde Bulgaristan, Makedonya, Bosna ve Hersek olmak \u00fczere, Balkan yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu b\u00fcnyesinde bulunmaktayd\u0131. S\u0131rbistan ve Romanya yar\u0131-\u00f6zerk devletler olup tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131. 1875\u2019te Bosna ve Hersek, 1876\u2019da ise Bulgaristan ayaklan\u0131r. Bu ayaklanmalar Rusya\u2019da \u201cSlavon karde\u015flere yard\u0131m\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 bir hareket ba\u015flat\u0131r. Rusya, Balkan halklar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fccadelesini kendi siyasi ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin Konstantinopel\u2019deki (\u0130stanbul-\u00e7ev. notu) el\u00e7ileri 1876 Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne, Balkan halklar\u0131n\u0131n durumunu iyile\u015ftirme konusunda bir plan sunar. Padi\u015fah Abd\u00fclhamit, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin deste\u011fini al\u0131p, el\u00e7ilerin \u00f6nerisini, i\u00e7i\u015flerine m\u00fcdahale olarak kabul ederek, reddeder. Bu olay, Rus-Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131r. 1877 Nisan\u0131nda Rus \u00e7ar\u0131 II. Aleksander, Ki\u015finev\u2019de bir antla\u015fma imzalar ve bu ittifak dahilinde ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc, 12 Nisanda sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatma manifestosunu imzalar.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n gidi\u015fat\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Mihayel<\/a>
Mihayel Loris-Melikov<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sava\u015f on ay s\u00fcrer. Askeri faaliyetler Balkan ve Kafkasya cephelerinde geli\u015fir. Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fken ba\u015far\u0131lardan sonra \u015eipka ve Plevne \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Ruslar nihayi galibiyet elde eder ve 4 Ocak 1878 tarihinde Sofya\u2019ya, ard\u0131ndan Plovdiv ve Adrianapolis\u2019e (Edirne-\u00e7ev. notu) girer ve Konstantinopel\u2019e yakla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kafkas cephesindeki esas askeri faaliyetler, Mihayel Loris-Melikov emrindeki 52 bin ki\u015filik Kafkas birli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Rus birlikleri, 12 Nisan 1877 tarihinde Kafkas cephesinde Alaksandrapol (G\u00fcmr\u00fc-\u00e7ev. notu)-Kars, \u0130gdir (I\u011fd\u0131r-\u00e7ev. notu)-Bayazet (Beyaz\u0131t, Do\u011fubeyaz\u0131t-\u00e7ev. notu) ve Akhaltskha (Ah\u0131ska-\u00e7ev. notu)-Ardahan \u00fczerinden \u00fc\u00e7 koldan sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7er. Yerevan birli\u011fi, Ermeni general Ar\u015fak Ter-\u011eukasov komutas\u0131nda Nisan ay\u0131nda Bayazet ve Ala\u015fkert\u2019i (Ele\u015fkirt-\u00e7ev. notu) ele ge\u00e7irir.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131lar Haziran 1877\u2019de \u00e7ok say\u0131da birli\u011fi yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p Bayazet kalesini ku\u015fat\u0131r. Binba\u015f\u0131 \u015e\u0131tokvi\u00e7 komutas\u0131ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Rus birli\u011fi ve Ermeni g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcleri taraf\u0131ndan savunulan kaleye 10.000 ki\u015filik Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun azg\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015flar. Tek kurtulu\u015f d\u0131\u015fardan gelecek olan yard\u0131md\u0131r. Ku\u015fat\u0131lanlar, Ter-\u011eukasov\u2019a durumlar\u0131n\u0131 bildirmeye \u00e7al\u0131u\u015f\u0131r, fakat t\u00fcm ulaklar Osmanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan yakalan\u0131r. Ermeni g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc Ter-Po\u011fosyan, y\u00fcn elbiselere b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olarak Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ip, \u00e7ok say\u0131da yaral\u0131 ve Ermeni m\u00fclteciyle birlikte \u00fcnl\u00fc ricat\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Ter-\u011eukasov\u2019a haber ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Ter-\u011eukasov \u201cKarde\u015fler, bizimkiler Bayaz\u0131t\u2019ta a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6l\u00fcyor, eziyet \u00e7ekiyor ve can veriyor. Gidip biz de onlarla \u00f6lelim\u201d,- diye askerlerine seslenir. Ar\u015fak Ter-\u011eukasov, Bayazet\u2019e var\u0131p 23 g\u00fcn ku\u015fatma alt\u0131nda kalanlar\u0131 kurtar\u0131r. Bu tarihi olgu Raffi\u2019nin \u201cKhend\u0131\u201d roman\u0131nda yer bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\"Ar\u015fak<\/a>
Ar\u015fak Ter-\u011eukasov<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kars\u2019\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irilmesi, Kafkas cephesinin \u00f6nemli galibiyetlerindendir. Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Ruslar burada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olur ve g\u00f6rev ikinci seferinde Hovhannes Lazarev\u2019e teslim edilir. Lazarev, \u201csald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6\u011flende bitiremezsem geceleyin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr\u00fcm\u201d diye a\u00e7\u0131klar ve sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 kararl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczenler. Kars, ger\u00e7ekten de bir gece sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla ele ge\u00e7irilir.<\/p>\n

Bu sald\u0131r\u0131ya, 7 general ve 500\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbeli subay olmak \u00fczere, \u00e7ok say\u0131da Ermeni komutan kat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu sava\u015f, hem Bat\u0131, hem de Do\u011fu Ermenilerini \u015fevke getirir. Transkafkasya\u2019n\u0131n farkl\u0131 kesimlerinde, b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Ermenilerden olu\u015fan sekiz birlik olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftu. Rus birliklerinin Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019a ge\u00e7i\u015fini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Do\u011fu Ermenileri taraf\u0131ndan Akhuryan (Arpa\u00e7ay-\u00e7ev. notu) \u00fczerinde k\u00f6pr\u00fc kurulur. Yerevan Eyaleti\u2019nin Ermenileri, Rus ordular\u0131na binlerce araba, at ve deve sunar. Yerevan ve Karakilise\u2019deki Ermeniler, evlerini Rus ordusu i\u00e7in hastane olarak teslim edip, yaral\u0131 Rus askerlerin t\u0131bbi yard\u0131m i\u015fini d\u00fczenlemekteydi.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f\u0131n ikinci a\u015famas\u0131nda, Rus ordusunun zaferi belirgindi. 1878 Oca\u011f\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda Ruslar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma olmadan Adrianapolis\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irir ve Konstantinopel\u2019e 12 km uzakl\u0131kta bulunan San Stefano K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019ne girer. 19 Ocakta burada ate\u015fkes imzalan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/b><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/24\/453<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sava\u015f nedenleri Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011finde bulunan halklar 1870\u2019li y\u0131llarda, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in ayaklan\u0131r. O d\u00f6nemde Bulgaristan, Makedonya, Bosna ve Hersek olmak \u00fczere, Balkan yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu b\u00fcnyesinde bulunmaktayd\u0131. S\u0131rbistan ve Romanya yar\u0131-\u00f6zerk devletler olup tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131. 1875\u2019te Bosna ve Hersek, 1876\u2019da ise Bulgaristan ayaklan\u0131r. Bu ayaklanmalar Rusya\u2019da \u201cSlavon karde\u015flere […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n77. Rus-Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/08\/07\/77-rus-osmanli-savasi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"77. Rus-Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sava\u015f nedenleri Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011finde bulunan halklar 1870\u2019li y\u0131llarda, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in ayaklan\u0131r. O d\u00f6nemde Bulgaristan, Makedonya, Bosna ve Hersek olmak \u00fczere, Balkan yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu b\u00fcnyesinde bulunmaktayd\u0131. S\u0131rbistan ve Romanya yar\u0131-\u00f6zerk devletler olup tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131. 1875\u2019te Bosna ve Hersek, 1876\u2019da ise Bulgaristan ayaklan\u0131r. 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