{"id":30817,"date":"2014-07-15T03:33:51","date_gmt":"2014-07-15T08:33:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=30817"},"modified":"2014-07-15T03:33:51","modified_gmt":"2014-07-15T08:33:51","slug":"sanasaryan-varjaranin-gasp-edilen-yetim-hakki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/07\/15\/sanasaryan-varjaranin-gasp-edilen-yetim-hakki\/","title":{"rendered":"Sanasaryan Varjaran\u2019\u0131n gasp edilen \u2018yetim hakk\u0131\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Sanasaryan<\/a>ZAKARYA M\u0130LDANO\u011eLU<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Ermeni toplumunun devlet taraf\u0131ndan gasp edilen en \u00f6nemli m\u00fclklerinden biri olan Sirkeci\u2019deki Sanasaryan Han\u2019la ilgili olarak a\u00e7\u0131lan iade davas\u0131 \u0130stanbul 13. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan reddedildi. Bu geli\u015fmeyi vesile bilerek, vakf\u0131n Erzurum’da bulunan ayn\u0131 isimli m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc, yani bir zamanlar\u0131n prestijli okulunu ve ard\u0131nda g\u00f6rmezden gelinen o hem onur, hem ac\u0131 dolu tarihi hat\u0131rlamak ve hat\u0131rlatmak istedik.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Halk aras\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla \u2018Sansaryan\u2019 olarak da telaffuz edilen \u0130stanbul’daki Sanasaryan Han ve Erzurum’daki tarihi Sanasaryan Okulu binas\u0131 farkl\u0131 g\u00fcncel geli\u015fmelerle g\u00fcndemde. T\u00fcrkiye Ermeni toplumunun devlet taraf\u0131ndan gasp edilen en \u00f6nemli m\u00fclklerinden biri olan 1895\u2019te M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 A\u011fa Sanasaryan taraf\u0131ndan mimar Hovsep Aznavur\u2019a yapt\u0131r\u0131lan Sirkeci\u2019deki Sanasaryan Han\u2019la ilgili olarak a\u00e7\u0131lan iade davas\u0131 \u0130stanbul 13. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan reddedildi. Gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye Ermenileri Patrikhanesi, mahkemenin karar\u0131na Yarg\u0131tay\u2019da itiraz edecek.<\/p>\n

Sanasaryan Vakf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130stanbul d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan Erzurum\u2019daki okul binas\u0131, 23 Temmuz 1919\u2019da Erzurum Kongresi\u2019nin topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olarak da biliniyor. Burada iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce ba\u015flat\u0131lan restorasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 tamamland\u0131. 1960\u2019ta Atat\u00fcrk ve Erzurum Kongresi M\u00fczesi olarak hizmete giren bina, Erzurum Kongresi’nin 95. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcnde Milli M\u00fccadele ve Kongre M\u00fczesi ad\u0131yla ziyarete a\u00e7\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n

Bu vesileyle bir zamanlar\u0131n prestijli okulunu ve ard\u0131nda g\u00f6rmezden gelinen o hem onur, hem ac\u0131 dolu tarihi hat\u0131rlamak ve hat\u0131rlatmak istedik.<\/p>\n

1901 tarihli Ermeni Milli Nizamnamesi Tedrisat Komisyonu\u2019nun yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rapora g\u00f6re, Erzurum Ermeni ruhani \u00f6nderli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak e\u011fitim veren, 5 adeti vilayet merkezinde olmak \u00fczere toplam 27 Ermeni okulu bulunuyordu. 3.134 k\u0131z ve erkek \u00f6\u011frenciye sahip olan bu okullarda\u00a0 85 kad\u0131n ve erkek \u00f6\u011fretmen g\u00f6revliydi. Sanasaryan Varjaran (Sanasaryan Okulu) ise e\u011fitim kalitesi ile bu okullar aras\u0131nda ilk s\u0131rada yer almaktayd\u0131. Sanasaryan Okulu, \u00f6\u011frencilerinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Divri\u011fi, Diyarbak\u0131r, Ankara, Kars, Van, E\u011fin, Bayburt, Tokat, Tirebolu, Giresun, Malatya, Merzifon, Mutki, \u00c7ar\u015famba, K\u0131\u011fi, Ordu, Ele\u015fkirt, Trabzon, Mu\u015f, Arapgir, Amasya, Band\u0131rma, Halep gibi pek \u00e7ok yerle\u015fimden gelen Ermeni yetim ve fakir gen\u00e7ler olu\u015fturuyordu.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu sahip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fta ve ba\u015far\u0131da en b\u00fcy\u00fck pay sahibi de hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz okulun kurucusu M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Sanasaryan’d\u0131.<\/p>\n

Cephede ve e\u011fitimde bir nefer: M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Sanasaryan<\/b><\/p>\n

Sanasaryan ailesinin hik\u00e2yesi, bir d\u00f6nemin tarihine de tan\u0131kl\u0131k eder. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun zalimane uygulamalar\u0131 sonucu yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 terk ederek daha g\u00fcvenli b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015fen Ermeni ailelerden biri de Van yerlisi Sarkis Sanasaryan ve Vanl\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc t\u00fcccar Kevork Seyran’\u0131n k\u0131zkarde\u015fi olan e\u015fi Mariam’d\u0131r. Tiflis’e yerle\u015fen Sanasaryan ailesinin o\u011flu M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7, 1881’de g\u00f6zlerini d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Sanasaryan semt okulundaki ilk e\u011fitiminden sonra Tiflis’teki \u00fcnl\u00fc Nersesyan Okulu’na devam ederek mezun olur. Venedik’te Surp \u011eazar Manast\u0131r\u0131\u2019ndaki e\u011fitim kalitesinden haberdar olan M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7, e\u011fitimine devam etmek \u00fczere Venedik’e do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kar. Ancak babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine Venedik’e gitmekten vazge\u00e7erek\u00a0 Erzurum yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan geri d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n

Gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta Rus ordusuna giren M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7, 1845’e kadar orduya hizmet eder. Bir iki sava\u015fta hafif, son kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada ise ciddi \u015fekilde yaralan\u0131r. G\u00f6sterdi\u011fi cesaret ve kahramanl\u0131k nedeniyle madalyalarla, ayr\u0131ca kendisini tehlikeye atarak Rus askerlerini kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fckl\u00fc bir miktar parayla \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilir. Astsubay derecesine kadar y\u00fckseldikten sonra 1845’te askerlik hizmetini b\u0131rak\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rus h\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u00a0t\u00fcm subaylar\u0131na g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi kadir\u015finasl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sanasaryan’dan da esirgemedi. B\u00f6ylelikle 23 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Sanasaryan tam ve y\u00fcksek yetkilerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, y\u00fcksek maa\u015fl\u0131 bir devlet g\u00f6revine getirildi.<\/p>\n

Tiflis’ten g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek Petersburg’a yerle\u015fen M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Sanasaryan, babas\u0131ndan devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcte\u015febbis ruhla Rus kapitalizminin kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 aralad\u0131. Kafkas Mercury Gemi \u015eirketi’nin hisselerinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n ald\u0131. Di\u011fer hisse sahipleriyle girdi\u011fi insani ili\u015fkiler onu \u015firketin y\u00f6netim kurulu ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar y\u00fckseltti. \u015eirket 1889’da Sanasaryan’\u0131n 25. y\u0131l j\u00fcbilesini yaparak gemilerden birine M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Sanasaryan ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n

Sanasaryan ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca ticari faaliyetleri ile \u00f6nemli bir zenginli\u011fe kavu\u015ftu ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 hay\u0131r i\u015flerine vakfetti. Petersburg’daki evi, Ermeni ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in bir s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak oldu.<\/p>\n

Gen\u00e7li\u011finde e\u011fitime susam\u0131\u015f olan M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Sanasaryan, Ermeni toplumunun e\u011fitim hayat\u0131n\u0131 faaliyetlerinin ilk s\u0131ras\u0131na yerle\u015ftirdi ve maddi yard\u0131m talep eden hi\u00e7bir \u00f6\u011frenciyi geri \u00e7evirmedi.<\/p>\n

Petersburg’da ilerici ki\u015filerle temasa ge\u00e7erek Rus e\u011fitim sistemini ve Avrupa e\u011fitim hayat\u0131ndaki g\u00fcncel geli\u015fmeleri Bat\u0131 Ermenistan’da yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 hedefledi. \u0130stanbul gibi Avrupa’ya yak\u0131n Ermeni yerle\u015fimlerinin tiyatro, edebiyat, m\u00fczik\u00a0 gibi olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 e\u011fitim seviyesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ta\u015fraya ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 istiyordu. Bu ve benzeri nedenlerle Bat\u0131 Ermenistan’da\u00a0 Ermenilerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir merkezde okul a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Erzurum’da Ermeni e\u011fitim hayat\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde Erzurum’da yo\u011fun bir ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Katolik ve Protestan misyonerlik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri yat\u0131l\u0131, g\u00fcnd\u00fczl\u00fc ve \u00fccretsiz olan pek \u00e7ok nitelikli okul a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ermeniler de bu ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00f6nemine kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Erzurum’da ilk Ermeni okulu, 1811’de ruhani \u00f6nder Garabed Pakraduni d\u00f6neminde Mayr Varjaran ad\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1860’da Erzurumlu b\u00fcy\u00fck zengin Der-Azaryan’\u0131n katk\u0131lar\u0131yla Erzurum \u00c7aykara Mahallesi\u2019nde anaokulu da olan bir karma okul e\u011fitime ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

1865’te ise \u015fehrin \u00fcnl\u00fc hay\u0131rseveri Hagop M\u0131s\u0131ryan, Mayr Varjaran’\u0131 y\u0131karak yerine 8 odadan olu\u015fan Ardz\u0131nyan Okulu\u2019nu in\u015faa etti. Bu okulda 1882’ye kadar 600-650 \u00f6\u011frenci e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1885’te hay\u0131rsever Ermeniler ve K. Zorapapelyan’\u0131n \u00e7abalar\u0131yla Mayr Varjaran’\u0131n biti\u015fi\u011finde Jarankavorats Okulu faaliyete ge\u00e7ti.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ermeni Milli Nizamnamesi’ne g\u00f6re olu\u015fan Erzurum Tedrisat Komisyonu, \u015fehir halk\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011frenimdeki y\u00fcksek hevesini ve taleplerini g\u00f6rerek 6-7 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n da okula gitmeleri i\u00e7in bir giri\u015fimde bulunur. \u015eehrin ileri geleni ve b\u00fcy\u00fck varl\u0131k sahibi Kevork A\u011fa M\u0131s\u0131ryan’a m\u00fcracaat edilir.\u00a0 1889’da \u015fehrin u\u00e7 b\u00f6lgesinde, bah\u00e7e i\u00e7inde, \u00e7e\u015fmeleri olan iki b\u00fcy\u00fck odal\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131ryan Okulu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Okul \u00fccretli ve \u00fccretsiz \u00f6\u011frenci kabul eder. Okulda Ermenice, matematik, tarih, din,\u00a0 co\u011frafya, resim, m\u00fczik dersleri verilir. 1898’de toplam 297 \u00f6\u011frenci e\u011fitim g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Erzurum ruhani \u00f6nderli\u011fi, \u015fehrin ileri gelenlerini katk\u0131da bulunmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ikna ederek, k\u0131zlar\u0131n e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in \u015fehrin Tarkhum Soka\u011f\u0131\u2019nda Hripsimyants K\u0131zlar Okulu’nu a\u00e7ar. Bu okulda 1870-71 ders y\u0131l\u0131nda 291, 1882’de ise 400 k\u0131z \u00f6\u011frenci e\u011fitim g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 tarihlerde M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Efendi A\u011fabalyan taraf\u0131ndan 100 \u00f6\u011frencisi olan A\u011fabalyan semt okulu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1900-1901 tarihlerinde Erzurum merkezinde Ardz\u0131nyan, M\u0131s\u0131ryan, Der-Azaryan, A\u011fabalyan ve Sanasaryan okullar\u0131nda 71 \u00f6\u011fretmen e\u015fli\u011finde 1988 \u00f6\u011frenci e\u011fitim g\u00f6r\u00fcr. O d\u00f6nemde misyoner ve devlet okullar\u0131nda da 182 Ermeni \u00f6\u011frenci bulunur.<\/p>\n

Sanasaryan’\u0131n ana amac\u0131, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan’da Ermenilerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fehirlerin birinde bir ortaokul a\u00e7arak, di\u011fer \u015fehirlerde hizmet verecek \u00f6\u011fretmen, m\u00fcd\u00fcr ve okullarda m\u00fctevelli \u00fcyesi olacak, ayn\u0131 zamanda ulusal bilinci korumak ve geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak ki\u015fileri yeti\u015ftirmektir. M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Sanasaryan b\u00f6yle bir okul a\u00e7madan \u00f6nce kendi olanaklar\u0131 ile Kevork Apulyan, A. Simonyan, Hovsep Matadyan, Sarkis So\u011figyan, Setrag Avedi Mantinyan, B. Telpyan, Apkar Hovhannisyan, V. Vartanyan gibi daha sonra Ermeni fikir hayat\u0131n\u0131n temsilcileri olan bir grubu, geri d\u00f6nmeleri ko\u015fuluyla Avrupa \u00fcniversitelerine g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n

Okula \u00f6zel vasiyetname<\/b><\/p>\n

Sanasaryan a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 okul i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir parasal kaynak ay\u0131rd\u0131, s\u00fcreklili\u011fi i\u00e7in de \u00f6zel bir vasiyetname haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Ayr\u0131lan paran\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lacak okula gelir getirmesi i\u00e7in m\u00fclk al\u0131nmas\u0131, di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ise faizle Petersburg ya da Almanya’da bir bankaya yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 vasiyetnamenin temel ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyordu. Vasiyetname ayn\u0131 zamanda okula bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane kurulmas\u0131, \u00f6nemli Ermeni edebi eserlerin sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan’a geri d\u00f6nmeleri ve milletlerine hizmet etme ko\u015fuluyla ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerin e\u011fitimlerini Avrupa’da devam etmeleri i\u00e7in gelirlerin %10’unu, burs olarak verilmesini yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1880 sonlar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lacak okulun yeri konusunda bir dizi \u00f6neri olu\u015fur. \u00d6nce annesinin do\u011fum yeri Van d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrken, orada Getronagan gibi \u00f6nemli bir okulun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak Erzurum ruhani \u00f6nderi Ma\u011fakya Ormanyan’\u0131n da \u00f6nerisi ile Ermenilerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Erzurum’da a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

E\u011fitim i\u00e7in Avrupa’ya g\u00f6nderilen gen\u00e7ler, s\u00f6zlerine sad\u0131k kalarak geri d\u00f6ner ve ta\u015fradaki \u00f6zellikle yetim ve fakir \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 toplama i\u015fine giri\u015firler.<\/p>\n

Sanasaryan Okulu 1 Ekim 1881’de\u00a0 \u0130stanbul, Van ve Harput’tan pek \u00e7ok temsilcinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla Ma\u011fakya Ormanyan taraf\u0131ndan t\u00f6renle a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Garabed Yezyan ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda okulun idare heyeti, e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretim ve ekonomik faaliyetleri y\u00f6netmek amac\u0131yla, Ormanyan ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da bir tedrisat komisyonu olu\u015fturulur. Tedrisat komisyonu \u00fcyeleri, ayn\u0131 zamanda okulun m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck g\u00f6revini de \u00fcstlenir ve e\u011fitimden sorumlu olur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f ve farkl\u0131 bir m\u00fcfredat<\/b><\/p>\n

Okulun ilk on y\u0131l\u0131nda (1881-1891) e\u011fitim s\u00fcresi dokuz y\u0131ld\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ilkokul e\u011fitimi almayan \u00e7ocuklar kabul edildi\u011fi i\u00e7in e\u011fitime e\u015fit d\u00fczeyde ba\u015flarlar.<\/p>\n

Okul yat\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00fcnd\u00fczl\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenci kabul eder. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6nemli bir zanaat b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olu\u015fturulur. Sanasaryan’\u0131n vasiyeti \u00fczerine, her y\u0131l yat\u0131l\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde 30 kadar \u00f6\u011frenci \u00fccretsiz e\u011fitim g\u00f6r\u00fcr. E\u011fitimin sevk ve idaresi i\u00e7in okulun i\u00e7i t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc haz\u0131rlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Okulda din (kutsal tarih, Ermeni kilisesi tarihi), genel tarih, co\u011frafya (do\u011fa, astronomi, ticaret), matematik (cebir, geometri, trigonometri, muhasebe), Ermenice (modern ve klasik), Osmanl\u0131ca, Osmanl\u0131 tarihi dersleri verilir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00f6\u011frencilerin g\u00fczel sanatlar, estetik alanda e\u011fitimleri i\u00e7in de \u00e7izim, resim, nota bilgisi, uygulamal\u0131 m\u00fczik gibi dersler de verilir.<\/p>\n

E\u011fitim alan\u0131nda do\u011fa bilimleri (biyoloji, botanik, madencilik) ve yabanc\u0131 dil (Frans\u0131zca, Almanca) \u00f6zel bir yer tutar.<\/p>\n

Okulun ana ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmenleri vard\u0131. Ba\u015f \u00f6\u011fretmenleri Kevork Apulyan, H. Makatyan, Sarkis So\u011figyan, B. Telpyan, Tavit Umigyan, Asdvadzadur Efendi Kha\u00e7adryan, Simon A\u011fabalyan gibi Avrupa’da y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f, en az 2-3 yabanc\u0131 dile h\u00e2kim, derin ve sa\u011flam bilgiye sahip ki\u015filerden olu\u015fuyordu.<\/p>\n

M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Sanasaryan e\u011fitim kurumunun seviyesini y\u00fckseltmek i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir fedak\u00e2rl\u0131ktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmaz. Gerekli laboratuar ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00f6rsel ve \u00f6rnek materyallerin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemser. Bu sayede dersler daha ilgi \u00e7ekici ve b\u00fct\u00fcnsel olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmelere ra\u011fmen okul hen\u00fcz yeterli, e\u011fitime uygun bir binaya sahip de\u011fildir. Kiralanan bir bina da e\u011fitimin ikinci y\u0131l\u0131nda yetersiz kal\u0131r ve 1882’de okul ruhani \u00f6nderli\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Ancak oras\u0131 da yeterli olmaz.<\/p>\n

Bu sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek amac\u0131yla 1883’te Sanasaryan, Erzurum’da geni\u015f bir arazi sat\u0131n alarak iki katl\u0131 okul in\u015faat\u0131 ba\u015flar. Ancak \u015fehri hapishaneye \u00e7eviren h\u00fck\u00fcmet, in\u015faat\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131na izin vermez. Ormanyan ile mutab\u0131k kalan M\u0131g\u0131rdi\u00e7 Sanasaryan, geni\u015f bir araziye sahip olan Hripsimyan Okulu’nu y\u0131ll\u0131k 100 alt\u0131n liraya kiralar ve hay\u0131rseverlerin yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla okul in\u015faat\u0131 bu arazide ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0130lerici zanaat e\u011fitimi<\/b><\/p>\n

Sanasaryan 1885’te\u00a0Tiflis Nersisyan Okulu m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ile birlikte Erzurum’a gelerek 15 g\u00fcn boyunca verilen e\u011fitimi, y\u0131l sonu s\u0131navlar\u0131n\u0131 yerinde inceledi. Ertesi y\u0131l ise Sanasaryan’\u0131n Rus Ermenisi dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Garabed Yezyan, Erzurum’a gelerek 20 g\u00fcn boyunca pedagojik alandaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yerinde izledi. Bu ziyaretlerin her biri Sanasaryan Okulu\u2019ndaki e\u011fitim seviyesinin y\u00fckselmesine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sanasaryan Okulu’ndaki zanaat b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hen\u00fcz yeterli bir binaya sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131 1883’te g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak e\u011fitime ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1886’da demircilik (kilit yap\u0131m\u0131) ve marangozluk (mobilya yap\u0131m\u0131) b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri de faaliyete ge\u00e7ti. Zanaat b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc se\u00e7en \u00f6\u011frenciler Avrupa’dan sat\u0131n al\u0131nan motor ve aletlerle g\u00fcnde bir iki saat, uzman \u00f6\u011fretmeler e\u015fli\u011finde e\u011fitim g\u00f6rerek alt\u0131 senede mezun olmak zorundayd\u0131. Ancak ilk alt\u0131 sene zarf\u0131nda bu programla ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. 1892-1893 ders y\u0131l\u0131nda, zanaat b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ana amac\u0131n\u0131n gen\u00e7lere bir zanaat \u00f6\u011fretmek oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm temel e\u011fitim b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve d\u00f6rt y\u0131lla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Zanaat e\u011fitimini te\u015fvik etmek amac\u0131yla e\u011fitim s\u00fcresince \u00fcretilen mallar\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan elde edilen gelirin %25’inin mezun olduktan sonra \u00f6\u011frencilere verilmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1890-91’de Sanasaryan Okulu, 21 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan ilk mezunlar\u0131n\u0131 verdi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Sanasaryan’\u0131n 1890’da \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra v\u00e2si olarak g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fi Garabed Yezyan, 1892’de okulun ana t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc haz\u0131rlayarak \u0130stanbul Ermeni Milli Y\u00f6netimi’ne teslim etti. Bu t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011fe g\u00f6re Sanasaryan Okulu \u0130stanbul’da Ermeni Patri\u011fi ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan m\u00fctevelli, Ermeni Milli Nizamnamesi’ne g\u00f6re olu\u015fan ve Erzurum ruhani \u00f6nderi ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yerel m\u00fctevelli, \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan okul m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u00f6\u011fretmenler kurulu temsilcisinden olu\u015fan bir heyet taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilecekti.<\/p>\n

Sanasaryan Okulu mezunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130stanbul’daki y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131na s\u0131navs\u0131z, Avrupa \u00fcniversitelerine ise okul m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn referans\u0131 ile yine s\u0131navs\u0131z girme haklar\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sanasaryan Okulu ikinci on y\u0131l\u0131nda (1891-1901) Alman orta \u00f6\u011fretim sistemine ve program\u0131na uygun olarak faaliyette bulundu. Bu program \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ilkokulu ba\u015fka yerde tamamlayan \u00f6\u011frenciler de okula kabul edildi ve e\u011fitim s\u00fcresi dokuz y\u0131ldan yedi y\u0131la \u00e7ekildi.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

1894-1895 ders y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcnl\u00fc Ermeni dil uzman\u0131 Hra\u00e7ya Acaryan, Sanasaryan Okulu’nda g\u00f6rev alarak okul k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde yer alan el yazmalar\u0131n\u0131n katalogunu haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Valinin vicdanl\u0131 olmas\u0131 yetmedi<\/b><\/p>\n

1890’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Anadolu’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Ermeni katliamlar\u0131, Erzurum’a s\u0131\u00e7rad\u0131. Ancak okulda toplanan 750 kadar Ermeni bu katliam giri\u015fimini engelledi. Bu kar\u015f\u0131 koyu\u015ftan sonra Sanasaryan Okulu, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin h\u0131\u015fm\u0131ndan kurtulamad\u0131. Bask\u0131 \u00fczerine bask\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

18 Haziran 1890\u2019da Erzurum Vilayetinin yetkilileri, kentin Ermeni Katedrali ve Sanasaryan Okulu’nda silah \u00fcretildi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle bir arama ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek istediler. Bu yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan endi\u015fe eden Erzurum\u2019un on y\u0131ll\u0131k valisi Samih Pa\u015fa, B\u00e2b-\u0131 \u00c2li\u2019nin emirlerini uygulamay\u0131 reddetti. Ancak Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131\u2019ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 acil bir telgrafla boyun e\u011fmek zorunda kald\u0131. \u0130stanbul\u2019dan gelen emrin uygulan\u0131\u015f\u0131 esnas\u0131nda, polis ve askerlerle birlikte olay yerinde olmay\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Aramalarda herhangi bir silah ya da m\u00fchimmata rastlanmad\u0131. Ancak okulun pek \u00e7ok e\u015fyas\u0131 tarumar edildi, kullan\u0131lmaz hale geldi. D\u00f6nemin D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Said Pa\u015fa, bat\u0131da g\u00f6revli bulunan Osmanl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ilerine bir telgraf yollayarak bu uygulamay\u0131 k\u0131nad\u0131 ve devlet yetkililerinin bu giri\u015fimi \u201cyalan bir ihbar\u201d \u00fczerine bu giri\u015fimi gerek\u00e7elendirdiklerini ifade etti. Ancak olan olmu\u015ftu bir kere.<\/p>\n

Sanasaryan\u2019\u0131n kara y\u0131llar\u0131\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Sanasaryan Okulu, benzeri uygulamalardan bir daha uzak kalamaz. E\u011fitim i\u00e7in yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan getirilen laboratuar aletlerinin g\u00fcmr\u00fckten \u00e7ekilmesinde zorluk \u00fcst\u00fcne zorluk ya\u015far. Sonunda bask\u0131lar\u0131n artmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tarihi okul, \u0130stanbul Patrikli\u011fi M\u00fctevelli Heyeti karar\u0131 ile 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sivas’a ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Gel g\u00f6r ki, k\u00f6t\u00fc kaderden ka\u00e7mak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaz. 1915’te okulun t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011frenci ve \u00f6\u011fretmenleri katledilir. Sanasaryan Okulu t\u00fcm maddi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ya\u011fmalan\u0131r. Okul binas\u0131na, kira getiren tarla, han, d\u00fckk\u00e2n, de\u011firmen, orman gibi akarlar\u0131na el konulur.<\/p>\n

Resmi tarih\u00e7ilerimiz 1919’da yap\u0131lan Erzurum Kongresi\u2019nin Kavaf Mahallesi\u2019nde \u201ceski bir idadiye okulunda\u201d yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klarlar. Bu binan\u0131n bir Ermeni okulu ya da Sanasaryan Okulu oldu\u011fu bilgisini ise nedense a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131na almazlar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc fakir ve yetim Ermeni \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in in\u015fa edilmi\u015f bu okulla y\u00fczle\u015fmekten korkarlar. Asl\u0131nda olan \u015fudur; \u201cYetim hakk\u0131\u201dn\u0131 kutsal belleyenler iki y\u00fczl\u00fc davranarak bu hakk\u0131 gasp etmi\u015f ve bu gasp \u00fczerinden kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesini ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sanasaryan 1920-1921 d\u00f6neminde Sanat Okulu, 1922-1923’te Sultani (lise), 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda da ilkokul olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda, \u00e7\u0131kan bir yang\u0131nla ah\u015fap b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri tamamen yand\u0131. Erzurum ili \u00f6zel idaresi, yanan okulun yerine, yeni bir okul yapt\u0131rarak 1926-1927 ders y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda Gazi \u0130lkokulu ad\u0131yla hizmete a\u00e7t\u0131. Sanasaryan 1940’ta ise Atat\u00fcrk Yap\u0131 Sanat Okulu olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ama sakl\u0131 tutulan tarihi hep u\u011fuldad\u0131 durdu. O Ermeni yetimler bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 gasp edilmi\u015f haklar\u0131n\u0131 bekler…<\/p>\n

Sanasaryan\u2019\u0131n \u00a0k\u00fclt\u00fcr hazineleri<\/b><\/p>\n

Sanasaryan Okulu sahip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr de\u011ferleri ve d\u00fczenledi\u011fi sosyal etkinliklerle de nam salm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Okulun, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flardan olu\u015fan 4.806 edebi eser yan\u0131nda kendine ait 4.348 el yazmas\u0131 ve matbu kitaptan olu\u015fan \u00f6nemli bir k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi vard\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Ermenistan Mesrob Ma\u015fdots el yazmalar\u0131 k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde yer alan 986 tarihli, deri \u00fczerine yaz\u0131l\u0131 234 sayfal\u0131k Sanasaryan \u0130ncili bu okuldan yola \u00e7\u0131karak Ermenistan’a ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan ve hayvan iskeletlerinden olu\u015fan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn yan\u0131nda kurutulmu\u015f bitkiler, Erzurum Ovas\u0131’ndan yakalanan vah\u015fi hayvan ve ku\u015f t\u00fcrleri, Japon ve \u00c7in el sanatlar\u0131na ait \u00f6rnekler ve eski paralar, okul m\u00fczesinin ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini olu\u015fturuyordu.<\/p>\n

Sanasaryan Okulu\u2019na farkl\u0131 \u015fehirlerden gelen \u00f6\u011frencilerin kendilerine ait e\u011fitim, tiyatro, m\u00fczik dernekleri vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc \u015fark\u0131c\u0131 Armenag \u015eahmuratyan, Sanasaryan Okulu’nda m\u00fczik \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi yaparak \u00e7oksesli bir koro olu\u015fturdu. \u00d6\u011frencilerden olu\u015fan ve t\u00fcm vilayette \u00fcnlenen tiyatro grubu ise 1900’da Hagop Baronyan’\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri ‘Kibarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Zararlar\u0131’n\u0131 800 ki\u015fi \u00f6n\u00fcnde sergiledi.<\/p>\n

Okul \u00f6\u011frencileri 1910-1911 aras\u0131nda Sird (Y\u00fcrek) adl\u0131 bir de dergi yay\u0131nlad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Sanasaryan\u2019\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc mezunlar\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Vartkes Sereng\u00fclyan<\/b><\/p>\n

Hovannes veya Gisak olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan Vartkes Sereng\u00fclyan, 1871’de Erzurum\u2019da\u00a0do\u011fdu. Ardz\u0131nyan ve Sanasaryan okullar\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rd\u00fc. 1880 y\u0131l\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda Erzurum’da\u00a0d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bir g\u00f6steri esnas\u0131nda yakalan\u0131p tutukland\u0131. 1892\u2019de serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra \u0130stanbul, Bulgaristan, Rusya, Tiflis, Aleksandropol ve Kars\u2019ta devrimci faaliyetlerde bulundu. Armenagan ve Ta\u015fnaktsutyun partisi ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde siyaset yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

1901’de tekrar tutuklan\u0131p 101 y\u0131la mahk\u00fbm oldu, 1908\u2019de II. Me\u015frutiyet’in ilan\u0131 ile serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131 Meclisi’ne Erzurum mebusu se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n

1915’te s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Urfa\u2019n\u0131n Karak\u00f6pr\u00fc semtinde, Krikor Zohrab ile birlikte i\u015fkence edilerek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Aram Aramyan (Tatul)<\/b><\/p>\n

1870’te Erzurum’da do\u011fdu. Ardz\u0131nyan ve Sanasaryan okullar\u0131nda e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Sasun b\u00f6lgesinin ilk Ta\u015fnaksutyun lideri oldu. 1899’da devrimci faaliyetlerinden dolay\u0131 tutuklanarak 29 ya\u015f\u0131nda Erzurum’da idam sehpas\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Armen Garo (Karekin Past\u0131rmac\u0131yan)<\/b><\/p>\n

1872’de Erzurum’da do\u011fdu. 1891’de Sanasaryan Okulu’ndan mezun oldu. 1894’te tar\u0131mla ilgili e\u011fitim almak \u00fczere Fransa’ya gitti. Mezun olduktan sonra Erzurum’a\u00a0 d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1908 ve 1912’de, Erzurum’dan Osmanl\u0131 Meclisi’ne mebus se\u00e7ildi; \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti’yle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapt\u0131. Ermeni Devrimci Federasyonu’nun liderlerinden biri oldu. 1896’da Osmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131’n\u0131n i\u015fgalini y\u00f6netti.<\/p>\n

1918’de yeni kurulan Ermenistan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti’nin ABD el\u00e7ili\u011fini yapt\u0131. 1923’te Cenevre’de \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Sarkis Kha\u00e7aduryan<\/b><\/p>\n

1886’da Malatya’da do\u011fdu. 1911’de Sanasaryan Okulu’nda \u00f6\u011frenimini tamamlayarak 1914\u2019te Roma G\u00fczel Sanatlar Akademisi’nden mezun oldu. 1915 k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan kurtularak Ermenistan’a yerle\u015fti. Do\u011fa resimleriyle \u00fcnlendi. ‘Ararat Da\u011f\u0131’ tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f eserleri aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. 1947’de Paris’te \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Vartan Makhokhyan<\/b><\/p>\n

1869’da Trabzon’da do\u011fdu. Buradaki ilk\u00f6\u011freniminden sonra Sanasaryan Okuluna devam ederek mezun oldu. 1891’de Berlin G\u00fczel Sanatlar Akademisi’nde d\u00f6nemin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ressamlar\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve deniz resimleri ile \u00fcnlendi. 1937’de Erivan’da \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/b><\/p>\n

1. Sanasaryan Okulu 1891-1892 ve 1892-1893 E\u011fitim Y\u0131l\u0131 Raporu. 1894 \u0130stanbul.\u00dc
\n2. Sanasaryan Okulu D\u00f6rt Y\u0131ll\u0131k Raporu (1906-1910). 1911 \u0130stanbul
\n3. Miro\u011flu, Armaveni \u0130stanbul Sanasaryan Han\u0131. Hantes Amsorya (Ayl\u0131k Mecmua) dergisi. Viyana, 2011, s. 551-560
\n4. Bo\u011fosyan S.V. Erzurum Okullar Tarihi. Sosyal Bilimler Habercisi dergisi. Erivan 1992, s. 67-74<\/i><\/p>\n

zakaryamil@gmail.com<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/haber.php?seo=sanasaryan-varjaranin-gasp-edilen-yetim-hakki&haberid=7674<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ZAKARYA M\u0130LDANO\u011eLU T\u00fcrkiye Ermeni toplumunun devlet taraf\u0131ndan gasp edilen en \u00f6nemli m\u00fclklerinden biri olan Sirkeci\u2019deki Sanasaryan Han\u2019la ilgili olarak a\u00e7\u0131lan iade davas\u0131 \u0130stanbul 13. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan reddedildi. Bu geli\u015fmeyi vesile bilerek, vakf\u0131n Erzurum’da bulunan ayn\u0131 isimli m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc, yani bir zamanlar\u0131n prestijli okulunu ve ard\u0131nda g\u00f6rmezden gelinen o hem onur, hem ac\u0131 dolu tarihi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,15,26,37,44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30817","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler","category-haklarimiz","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-unluler"],"yoast_head":"\nSanasaryan Varjaran\u2019\u0131n gasp edilen \u2018yetim hakk\u0131\u2019 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/07\/15\/sanasaryan-varjaranin-gasp-edilen-yetim-hakki\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sanasaryan Varjaran\u2019\u0131n gasp edilen \u2018yetim hakk\u0131\u2019 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ZAKARYA M\u0130LDANO\u011eLU T\u00fcrkiye Ermeni toplumunun devlet taraf\u0131ndan gasp edilen en \u00f6nemli m\u00fclklerinden biri olan Sirkeci\u2019deki Sanasaryan Han\u2019la ilgili olarak a\u00e7\u0131lan iade davas\u0131 \u0130stanbul 13. Asliye Hukuk Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan reddedildi. 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