{"id":30682,"date":"2014-07-07T02:56:35","date_gmt":"2014-07-07T07:56:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=30682"},"modified":"2014-07-07T02:56:35","modified_gmt":"2014-07-07T07:56:35","slug":"din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/07\/07\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\/","title":{"rendered":"Din ve Hem\u015finli Kimli\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Din<\/a>Mahir \u00d6zkan<\/b><\/p>\n

(Temmuz 2014′ te \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan, U\u011fur Biryol’un edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Karadeniz’in Kaybolan Kimli\u011fi isimli kitapta yer alan makalem).<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Ortak bir ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelmi\u015f olsalar bile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finli topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n Hem\u015finli kimli\u011fi ile ili\u015fkileri birbirinden farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imler alm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n dinin kimlik alg\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Hem\u015fin Ermenicesi konu\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topluluk ile Hem\u015fin Ermenicesini art\u0131k konu\u015famayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplulu\u011fun kimlik alg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine \u00e7ok benzer olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finli toplulukla farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 bu tezi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmektedir.\u00a0 Bu durum Hem\u015finlilerin inan\u00e7 tarihini, inan\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimleri ve Hem\u015finli kimli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu de\u011fi\u015fimlerin neler ifade etti\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hem\u015finlilerin inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6neme ay\u0131rarak incelemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr: H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi inan\u00e7lar, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k d\u00f6nemi, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k d\u00f6nemi.<\/p>\n

H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00d6ncesi Hem\u015fin \u0130nan\u00e7lar\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Hem\u015finliler Hem\u015fin b\u00f6lgesine geldiklerinde Ermeni Apostolik Kilisesine ba\u011fl\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan bir topluluktu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Hem\u015finlilerin H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemlerinden kalm\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgelere ula\u015fmak son derece zordur. Ancak yine de bu d\u00f6neme dair baz\u0131 bilgilere ula\u015fabiliriz. Bunun i\u00e7in iki kayna\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bulunuyor. Birincisi Ermenilerin H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi tarihi, ikicisiyse Hem\u015fin geleneksel inan\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar. Birinci kaynaklardan elde edilecek bilgiler ile ikinci kaynaklardan elde edilecek bilgilerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca bu bilgilerin bir de bug\u00fcn ya\u015fayan Ermeni geleneksel inan\u00e7lar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Hem\u015finlilerin inan\u00e7 tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131karmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok geleneksel inan\u00e7 din de\u011fi\u015ftirme durumunda bile varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Bazen yeni dine uyumlu bi\u00e7imler alarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken baz\u0131 durumlarda yeni dinin bat\u0131l, sapk\u0131n vb. olumsuz de\u011ferlendirmelerine ra\u011fmen varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilen inan\u00e7lara rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Dicle \u00dcniversitesi \u0130lahiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Dinler Tarihi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Canan Seyfeli Sel\u00e7uk \u00dcniversitesi \u0130lahiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi\u2019nde yay\u0131nlanan makalesinde, ya\u015fayan halk inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kadim inan\u00e7lar hakk\u0131nda fikir verece\u011fini belirtiyor:<\/p>\n

\u201cAncak halk inan\u00e7lar\u0131 halk\u0131n ya\u015fam alan\u0131nda, ruhsal d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u015fiddetli etkisiyle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Hatta h\u00e2kim dinin savunucular\u0131, kendilerini koruyucu addedenlerinin m\u00fccadelesi bozucu, b\u00e2t\u0131l, sapk\u0131n vb. olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri halk inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yok edemedikleri gibi bazen kendileri dahi ya\u015famay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla halk inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n da t\u0131pk\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fim gibi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131 ve canl\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. B\u00f6yle karma\u015f\u0131k bir yap\u0131ya sahip halk inan\u00e7lar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k on yedi as\u0131r \u00f6nce H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f ve bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Ermenilerin ya\u015fam\u0131nda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken, \u00e7o\u011funlukla izlerinden hareketle kadim inan\u00e7larla ili\u015fkilendirilebilmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla halk inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n birinci derecedeki kayna\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fayan halkt\u0131r.\u201d[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

Canan Seyfeli makalesinin devam\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Ermeni halk inan\u00e7lar\u0131na baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekler veriyor.<\/p>\n

\u201cG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Ermeniler aras\u0131nda su ile ilgili inan\u00e7 ve uygulamalar H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemin izlerini ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Vartavar (Vardavar) ile\u00a0\u0130sa Mesih\u2019in Suret De\u011fi\u015ftirmesi ve \u0130zzet Yortusubirle\u015ftirilerek kutlan\u0131r. Haziran\u2019\u0131n son haftalar\u0131 ile Temmuz\u2019un ilk haftalar\u0131nda y\u0131ldan y\u0131la Paskalya\u2019ya g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Bu kutlaman\u0131n bir\u00e7ok ismi vard\u0131r ve\u00a0Su Panay\u0131r\u0131\u00a0da denir. Su panay\u0131r\u0131nda su \u015fakalar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r ve e\u011flenilir. Bu adetin Nuh Tufan\u0131\u2019ndan kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.\u201d[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Vartavar \u015fenliklerinin H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemden kalma bir halk inanc\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rahatl\u0131kla s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Ancak Ermenilerin H\u0131ristiyan olmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyan inanc\u0131na uyumlu hale gelen bu \u015fenlik, Hem\u015finliler M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olduktan sonra dinsel anlam\u0131ndan tamamen s\u0131yr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Belki bu bi\u00e7imiyle H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi haline daha yak\u0131n hale gelmi\u015ftir denilebilir. Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in ya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011fa uyumlu hale gelecekti ya da din d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir gelene\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecekti. Belli ki inan\u00e7 bi\u00e7iminden bir gelenek bi\u00e7imine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Hem\u015finli yazar U\u011fur Biryol bu durumu \u015fu \u015fekilde tespit ediyor:\u00a0\u201cBat\u0131 Grubu Hem\u015finlileri Ermeni olduklar\u0131n\u0131 reddetseler de\u00a0Vartavar (Hem\u015fin’de Vartevor deniliyor), Hodo\u00e7 gibi Ermeni geleneklerini, \u015fenliklerini devam ettiriyorlar.\u201d[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

Laz yazar Gubaz \u00c7ibari\u015fi de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde:\u00a0\u201cBat\u0131 Grubu Hem\u015finlileri aras\u0131nda Vartavar (Hem\u015fin’de Vartevor deniliyor), Hodo\u00e7 gibi Ermeni gelenekleri ve \u015fenliklerini bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u201d[4]<\/a>\u00a0diyerek bu durumu tespit ediyor.<\/p>\n

Eski Ermeni inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n izini s\u00fcrmeye bir romandan devam edelim. \u00dcnl\u00fc Alman yazar Franz Werfel\u2019in\u00a01929 da Suriye ve Antakya\u2019y\u0131 ziyaret ederek toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilere dayand\u0131rarak yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Musa Da\u011f\u2019da K\u0131rk G\u00fcn adl\u0131 roman soyk\u0131r\u0131m g\u00fcnlerinde Antakya\u2019 da ya\u015fananlardan bir kesit veriyor. Roman\u0131 okurken anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konunun geneli a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan pek de \u00f6nemi olmayan bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131 dikkatimi \u00e7ekiyor:\u00a0\u201cKocas\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir o\u011flan \u00e7ocu\u011fu g\u00f6ndererek, bu zor do\u011fumda kendisine yard\u0131m etmesi, b\u00f6yle durumlarda do\u011furan kad\u0131n\u0131n evini ku\u015fatan ya\u015fl\u0131 cad\u0131lar\u0131 kovarak, \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00fcy\u00fclerle kad\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in onu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u201d[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu ayr\u0131nt\u0131 dikkatimi \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc annemin kendisinin ilk do\u011fumuna dair anlatt\u0131klar\u0131yla ayn\u0131 inanc\u0131n izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yor. Annem ilk \u00e7ocu\u011funu do\u011furdu\u011funda;\u00a0\u201ccad\u0131n\u0131n kendilerine musallat oldu\u011funu, hatta bir gece kendisine ve koynunda uyuyan bebe\u011fe sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bebe\u011fini a\u011fz\u0131na tepmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kendisinin bebe\u011fi \u0131s\u0131rmas\u0131 ve bebe\u011fin ba\u011f\u0131rmas\u0131ndan sonra ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d\u00a0anlat\u0131p durur. Bu arada o g\u00fcn\u00fcn izi a\u011fabeyimin aln\u0131nda hala durmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1915 de Antakya\u2019daki bir Ermeni evinde ya\u015fananlarla 1959 da Hopa\u2019daki bir evde ya\u015fananlar\u0131n benzerli\u011fi H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6ncesine giden bir inanc\u0131n ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 veriyor bize.<\/p>\n

Takibimize edebiyattan devam edelim. Ermeni ta\u015fra edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli yazarlar\u0131ndan, as\u0131l ad\u0131 Hampartsum Gelenyan olan Hamasde\u011f, Harputludur. Ancak eserlerini do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc topraklarda de\u011fil Amerika\u2019da vermek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak hikayelerinde do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerler ve oradaki ya\u015fant\u0131 canl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde resmedilmi\u015ftir. Harput\u2019ta ge\u00e7en \u00f6yk\u00fclerde Hem\u015finlilerin inan\u00e7lar\u0131nda dair izler bulmak heyecan verici bir deneyim oldu benim i\u00e7in. Hem\u015finlilerin \u00f6nce deneyimli bir cad\u0131 sayesinde danalar\u0131n y\u00fcreklerini yiyerek deneyim kazanan sonra da bebeklerin y\u00fcreklerini t\u0131rnaklar\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p yiyen cad\u0131s\u0131 Harput\u2019ta da i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131ndaym\u0131\u015f me\u011fer:<\/p>\n

\u201cOna, sanki can al\u0131c\u0131lar kendi evine yakla\u015f\u0131yorlarm\u0131\u015f gibi geliyordu; t\u0131pk\u0131 anahtar deliklerinden s\u00fcz\u00fclerek evlere giren ve bebekli kad\u0131nlar\u0131n y\u00fcreklerini uzun t\u0131rnaklar\u0131yla de\u015fip karanl\u0131kta r\u00fczgarla birlikte uzakla\u015fan allar gibi\u201d[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

Cad\u0131yla birlikte Harput\u2019ta\u00a0perinin de izine rastl\u0131yoruz:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026 \u2018Ke\u00e7iye bak\u0131n ke\u00e7iye\u2019 diye ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131 i\u00e7imizden biri. Sesi yank\u0131land\u0131 ve birbirimize bakt\u0131k. Daha sonra bir kayan\u0131n tepesinde aniden beliren ke\u00e7iyi g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Adeta kayalar\u0131n ba\u011fr\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, sesimizin canl\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f yank\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131 ya da yank\u0131y\u0131 \u00fcreten sahici bir peri\u2026.. pe\u015finden ise, r\u00fczgara kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir tay, da\u011f perilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc tuhaf s\u0131\u00e7ray\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla bir da\u011fl\u0131 oyunu sergiliyordu.\u201d[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cOnun sesi, Surp Sarkis Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kayalar\u0131na konan g\u00fcvercinlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f perilerin seslerinden de tatl\u0131 ve g\u00fczeldi.\u201d[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

Kaya tepelerinde gezen, hayvan k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na giren, sesiyle insanlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcleyen periler. Bir Harput hikayesinde \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumda derede y\u00fczerken da\u011fa do\u011fru d\u00f6n\u00fcp y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ba\u015flayan ve\u00a0\u201cbeni \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yorlar duymuyor musunuz?\u201d\u00a0diyerek y\u00fcr\u00fcyen arkada\u015f\u0131m geliyor akl\u0131ma. Ya da karanl\u0131k bir dereden ge\u00e7erken kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan hayvan\u0131n birden bire ba\u015fka bir hayvana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp kayboldu\u011funu anlatan momilerin hikayelerine. B\u00fct\u00fcn Hem\u015fin k\u00f6ylerinde ve yaylalar\u0131nda bunlarla benzer hikayeler dinleyebilirsiniz. Buraya \u00e7ok me\u015fhur bir Hem\u015fin \u015fark\u0131s\u0131ndan bir d\u00f6rtl\u00fck aktaral\u0131m \u00f6rnek olsun diye:\u00a0\u201c kar\u015fiya kayalara\/ peri ba\u011firur peri \/ kar ya\u011fdi da kapatti \/ koni\u015ftu\u011fumuz yeri\u201d<\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda inan\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131ndan biri de dualard\u0131r. Dualar dinin nitelikleri hakk\u0131nda bize fikir verir. Pagan d\u00f6nemin dualar\u0131 ile tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlerin dualar\u0131 birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlerde insanlar dileklerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in tanr\u0131ya yakar\u0131rlar. Yaln\u0131zca tanr\u0131dan medet umarlar. Ancak tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlerden \u00f6nceki pagan dinlerde \u00e7e\u015fitli do\u011fa nesnelerine g\u00fc\u00e7 atfedilir. Bu dinlerde do\u011fa unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n sahip olduklar\u0131 g\u00fcce g\u00f6nderme yapan rit\u00fceller bulunur. Bunlar\u0131n en yayg\u0131nlar\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f, ay, nehirler, da\u011flar, y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlar gibi do\u011fa unsurlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hem\u015finliler i\u00e7erisinde yayg\u0131n olan sa\u011faltma dualar\u0131yla ilk kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131mda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc duydu\u011fum ilk dua beklentilerimden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130lk \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 annem duay\u0131 ablama \u00f6\u011fretmem i\u00e7in bana \u00f6\u011fretece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011finde ya\u015fad\u0131m. Neden kendisinin \u00f6\u011fretmedi\u011fini sorudum do\u011fal olarak. B\u00f6ylece duay\u0131 ancak erke\u011fin kad\u0131na kad\u0131n\u0131n erke\u011fe \u00f6\u011fretebilece\u011fini, aksi durumda duan\u0131n sa\u011falt\u0131c\u0131 i\u015flevini g\u00f6remeyece\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendim. Bu kadar\u0131 bile bildiklerimizden farkl\u0131 bir duayla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuzu g\u00f6steriyordu. Ancak beni as\u0131l \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtan bu kadar gizli tutulan ve \u00f6zenilen duan\u0131n dili oldu.<\/p>\n

Annemin \u00e7apu\u015f dedi\u011fi ve korkusundan dolay\u0131 yemeden i\u00e7meden kesilmi\u015f, belirli bir nedeni yokken uyku ve i\u015ftah sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in okudu\u011fu korku duas\u0131 Hem\u015fince idi. Dua \u015fu \u015fekildeydi:\u00a0\u201cOmbuot kuka vordali ked kuka demdembali, gove, tane, serdid vaxe\u00a0 da\u011fe (y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m geliyor, uluyan dere geliyor demdembali, inek, ayran, y\u00fcre\u011findeki korku yerine)\u201d.\u00a0Duay\u0131 okurken bir yazma ile okudu\u011fu ki\u015fiye yakla\u015f\u0131rken yazmay\u0131 topluyor, daha sonra toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yazmay\u0131 ki\u015finin g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00f6rt k\u00f6\u015fesine de\u011fdiriyordu. Dua bitince de elindeki yazmay\u0131 yere at\u0131yor bir kere daha duay\u0131 okuyordu.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka bir \u00f6rnek ise yine korku duas\u0131 olarak Ayla Vayi\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan aktar\u0131lan bir dua:\u00a0\u201cHavn u tar e, giyagn u var e, govn u geter e, xo\u00e7n u kar e, lern u erese, lern u ta\u011f e, ta vaxetsir, sirded pax ellito\u011f (tavuk ve t\u00fcne\u011fi, ate\u015f ve ac\u0131s\u0131, inek ve s\u00fct sa\u011fma kab\u0131, ko\u00e7 ve kuzusu, yayla ve y\u00fcz\u00fc, yayla ve ilac\u0131, e\u011fer korktun ise, y\u00fcre\u011fin huzurlu(rahat) olsun)\u201d<\/p>\n

Bu duan\u0131n ne M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131kla ne de H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131kla bir ili\u015fkisi bulunmuyor. Bu dua Hem\u015finlilerin H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi zamanlardan gelen kadim inan\u00e7lar\u0131na ait olmal\u0131. Hem\u015finliler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Hem\u015finlilerle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funda -bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7ok ciddiye al\u0131nmayan iddialar da olsa- Hem\u015finlilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Ermenice konu\u015fmas\u0131, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n da kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e a\u011fz\u0131nda Ermenice bir\u00e7ok kelime bulunmas\u0131, belli bir d\u00f6nem Ermenilerle bir arada ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olmak veya \u201cd\u00f6nemin hak dini\u201d\u00a0olan H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 benimsemi\u015f olmakla a\u00e7\u0131klanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yani bu iddiaya g\u00f6re; Hem\u015finliler bir T\u00fcrk boyudur ve H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131kla birlikte Ermenice \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015flerdir. Ancak korku dualar\u0131n\u0131n bize g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bu iddian\u0131n tam tersidir. Buna g\u00f6re; Hem\u015finlilerin Ermenice ile ili\u015fkileri M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131ktan da H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131ktan da eskiye dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir dini sonradan \u00f6\u011frenen bir topluluk geleneksel halk inan\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil formel dini \u00f6\u011frenir. Geleneksel inan\u00e7lar ise o formel dinin i\u00e7ine s\u0131zar ve kendisine varl\u0131k alan\u0131 a\u00e7ar. Burada da bu durum ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Kadim Ermeni dualar\u0131 hem H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hem M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015farak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hem\u015finliler, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k<\/b><\/p>\n

Ermeni co\u011frafyas\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k 1. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak uzun y\u0131llar boyunca Ermeni krallar\u0131 H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etmedikleri i\u00e7in H\u0131ristiyanlar kimliklerini gizlemek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flar ve zul\u00fcm g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. 301y\u0131l\u0131nda ise H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k ulusal din olarak resmen kabul edilmi\u015ftir.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hem\u015finlilerin atalar\u0131 olan Ermeni toplumunun Hem\u015fin\u2019 e g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn tarihini ise tarih\u00e7i \u011eevond\u2019 un anlat\u0131m\u0131na dayand\u0131rarak Levon Ha\u00e7ikyan 789-790 olarak belirliyor.[10]<\/a>\u00a0Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Ermeni topluluk geldi\u011finde H\u0131ristiyan bir topluluktur. Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011finin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neme kadar da bu konuda \u00e7ok bir tart\u0131\u015fma yoktur. Bu tarihlerden sonra bir yandan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun yerle\u015ftirilmesi bir yandan da vergi politikalar\u0131yla b\u00f6lge n\u00fcfusunun M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. 1530 y\u0131l\u0131na ait tahrir defterlerindeki kay\u0131tlarda Hem\u015fin n\u00fcfusunun %38.1\u2019ini M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n, 61.9\u2019unu Gebran(gayrim\u00fcslim)lar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.[11]<\/a>\u00a0Acaryan, Hem\u015fin Leh\u00e7esi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 adl\u0131 eserinden 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda 20.000 H\u0131ristiyan ve ondan biraz fazla say\u0131da da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finlinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hem\u015fin b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015ftirilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck topluluklar oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Ancak tersi durumlarda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hem\u015fin\u2019e yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f baz\u0131 a\u015firetler yerel halkla ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 baz\u0131 sorunlardan dolay\u0131 Hem\u015fin b\u00f6lgesinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na, \u00c7\u0131ld\u0131r\u2019a yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdir. Bu gruplar\u0131n Hem\u015finliler taraf\u0131ndan \u00c7ad\u0131r K\u00fcrtleri olarak tan\u0131mlanan topluluk ve \u00c7erkes gruplar\u0131 oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.[13]<\/a>\u00a0Hem\u015fin co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n fazla n\u00fcfus bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaya elveri\u015fli olmayan \u00f6zellikleri de dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Hem\u015fin\u2019in \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015ftirilenlerden \u00e7ok, b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015f(t\u0131r\u0131l)mas\u0131 yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir. B\u00f6lgenin \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131nda etkili olan nedenler aras\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve toplumda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazanmas\u0131yla H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin bat\u0131ya do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 etme e\u011filimlerinin artmas\u0131n\u0131 da saymak gerekir. Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivindeHodo\u00e7ur\u2019daki \u00a0Katolik Ermenilerin otlaklar\u0131na \u00c7en\u00e7uva k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin m\u00fcdahalesi ile mera nizam\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131na dair yaz\u0131\u015fmalar mevcuttur.[14]<\/a>\u00a0Bu bilgiler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00f6lgenin Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mesiyle ba\u015flayan Hem\u015fin ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Hem\u015finlilerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fma s\u00fcreci, kalan son H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finlilerin de 1915\u2019 te soyk\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011framas\u0131 ve sa\u011f kalanlar\u0131n Karadenizin kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesiyle birlikte tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r diyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finliler A\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Hem\u015finlilik<\/b><\/p>\n

Son y\u0131llarda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finli Ermeniler ile H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finli Ermeniler aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkiler artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finlilerden Hem\u015fin ve Hopa\u2019y\u0131 ziyarete gelenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, b\u00f6lgemizden Sohum, So\u00e7i, Krasnodar ve Moskova\u2019ya gidenler ve oradaki H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finli Ermenilerle ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirenler olmu\u015ftur. Vova m\u00fczik grubunun Temmuz 2008 Erivan konseri belki de ilk k\u00fclt\u00fcrel temas say\u0131labilir. Hem\u015fin k\u00fclt\u00fcr haftas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan konser etkinli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Abhazya\u2019dan gelen Hem\u015fin Halk Oyunlar\u0131 ekibinin g\u00f6sterisini izleme f\u0131rsat\u0131m\u0131z olmu\u015f, H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finli Ermenilerle konu\u015fma, manilerini, geleneklerini dinleme f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015ftuk. Bu deneyimlerin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fine g\u00f6re din haricinde k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zellikler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bizimle ayn\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri ta\u015f\u0131yan bir toplumla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yayd\u0131k.\u00a0 Daha sonra Moskova\u2019daki H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finlilerin Derne\u011fi Vova m\u00fczik grubunu konser vermek \u00fczere Moskova\u2019ya davet etti. Vova Haziran 2012 de Moskova\u2019da, Ekim 2012 de ise So\u00e7i\u2019 de konserler verdi.<\/p>\n

Bu ili\u015fkilenmelere internet ortam\u0131ndaki payla\u015f\u0131mlarda eklenmelidir. Bug\u00fcn H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finli Ermeniler hakk\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok bilgiye sahibiz. M\u00fczisyenlerini, manilerini, konu\u015fma bi\u00e7imlerini, geleneklerini biliyoruz.\u00a0\u00a0 Ayr\u0131ca nakliyat sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ve Rusya\u2019 ya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya giden insanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n son zamanlarda artmas\u0131n\u0131n da bu etkile\u015fimin ve ileti\u015fimin geli\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli pay\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir. Bu son ili\u015fkilerin etkile\u015fimin kitlelere yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda daha etkili oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finlilerle kurulan ili\u015fkilerin \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fi en \u00f6nemli \u015fey benim a\u00e7\u0131mdan iki toplulu\u011fun Hem\u015finlilik alg\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farkt\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Hem\u015finlilerin tarihi ile ilgili yeterince bilgi sahibi olmayan Hem\u015finli Ermeniler kendilerine Hem\u015finli bile demiyorlard\u0131. Kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lara nereden gelmi\u015flerse oral\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlard\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin; Sevkedtsi im (Karadereliyim), Caniktsi im(Samsunluyum), Ordutsi im (Orduluyum) ve Ham\u015fentsi im (Hem\u015finliyim). Hepsi Hem\u015fin Ermenicesi konu\u015fan ve ayn\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn insan\u0131 olduklar\u0131na dair bir bilince de sahip olan insanlar Hem\u015finli olay\u0131, bir memleketten olmak anlam\u0131nda, co\u011frafi bir aidiyet anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bundan dolay\u0131 da Hem\u015fin\u2019den Rusya\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7ten daha erken d\u00f6nemlerde bat\u0131ya do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f olanlar kendilerini Rusya\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri kentli olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yorlard\u0131. K\u00f6kenlerinin Hem\u015fin\u2019den geldi\u011fini bilenler de Hem\u015finlilik diye bir kimlik alg\u0131s\u0131na sahip de\u011fillerdi. Kendilerini Ermeni olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yorlard\u0131.\u00a0 Yani onlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Hem\u015finli Ermeni olmak ile Vanl\u0131 Ermeni olmak aras\u0131ndaki fark diyelim ki Erzurumlu T\u00fcrk olmakla \u0130zmirli T\u00fcrk olmak aras\u0131ndaki fark kadard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finli Ermeniler i\u00e7in Hem\u015finlilik bir kimlik haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hem\u015finliler Hem\u015finliyim derken, bir co\u011frafyaya de\u011fil bir aidiyete vurgu yapmaktad\u0131rlar. B\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan di\u011fer halklarla kendilerini ay\u0131ran bir i\u015flev vermektedirler Hem\u015finlilik kavram\u0131na. Peki, neden Ermeni bir topluluk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olunca kendisini \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman Ermeni\u201d olarak de\u011fil de, yeni bir kimlikle, Hem\u015finlilikle ifade ediyor?\u00a0 Bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131, Ermeni kimli\u011finin Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n milletler sisteminde Ermeni kimli\u011finin ne anlama geldi\u011fini ortaya koyarak verebiliriz.<\/p>\n

Ermenilerin bir\u00e7o\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Ermeni kimli\u011fine sahip olmak demek Ermeni Apostolik kilisesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olmak demektir. Peder Daniil Kukuyan, Polonyal\u0131 Ermenilerin b\u0131rak\u0131n \u0130slam\u2019\u0131, Katolik mezhebini benimsemelerinden bir nesil sonra asimile olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Tam tersine T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan Edessiya k\u00f6y\u00fc sakinlerinin Ermeni Apostolik Kilisesi\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmalar\u0131 sayesinde Ermeniliklerini korumay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve ana dillerini de tekrar kazand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir.[15]<\/a>\u00a0Kukuyan bu tespitlerinden \u015fu sonuca var\u0131yor:\u00a0\u201cErmenilerin g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe ra\u011fmen manevi eksenine ve temeline, bir di\u011fer deyi\u015fle Surp Ecmiadzin\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r\u201d[16]<\/a>\u00a0(T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam sentezi dedi\u011fimiz ideolojiye ne kadar da benziyor!!.) Bug\u00fcn Ermeni kimli\u011fini din ekseninde tan\u0131mlamama y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir e\u011filimin de yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Ancak hala din eksenli Ermeni kimlik alg\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc duruma bakarak Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde dinin \u00e7ok daha fazla etkili oldu\u011funu anlayabiliriz san\u0131r\u0131m.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n alg\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan duruma bakarak ayn\u0131 durumu tersinden kavrayabiliriz. Osmanl\u0131\u2019da uygulanan \u201cmillet sistemi\u201d ne g\u00f6re her inan\u00e7 toplulu\u011fu bir milleti olu\u015fturuyordu.\u00a0 Ancak Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nda t\u00fcm S\u00fcnni gruplar bir millet kabul edilirken, az\u0131nl\u0131klar yani gayrim\u00fcslimler sadece dine veya mezhebe g\u00f6re de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda etnik gruplar\u0131na g\u00f6re de ayr\u0131 milletler olu\u015ftururlard\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin Ermeniler tek bir millet olmay\u0131p Ermeni Katolik ve Ermeni Protestan milletlerine ayr\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131.\u00a0\u201c19. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar millet kavram\u0131, hi\u00e7bir zaman bir \u0131rk\u0131, etnik bir grubu ya da ortak bir dile sahip topluluklar\u0131 ifade etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 Millet terimi Tanzimat ile birlikte \u00f6nce k\u0131smen, sonra tamamen kavimleri belirlemek amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d[17]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu durumda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin kendilerini Ermeni olarak tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131n\u0131 beklemek imkans\u0131z gibidir. Hem Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n millet tan\u0131m\u0131 hem Ermenilerin Ermeni kimli\u011fine ili\u015fkin alg\u0131lar\u0131 buna izin vermemektedir. Bu durumda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fan Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin kendilerini \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir. Ancak bu tan\u0131mlama da bir sorunu ortadan kald\u0131rmamaktad\u0131r. Kom\u015fular\u0131 olan ve kendilerinden farkl\u0131 olan toplumlardan farklar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l ortaya koyacaklard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada Hem\u015finlilik bir kimlik olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Yani Hem\u015finlilik kavram\u0131 Hem\u015finli M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n bir yandan H\u0131ristiyan Ermenilerle aras\u0131na mesafe koymas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarken, bir yandan da M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fmaya kar\u015f\u0131n T\u00fcrkle\u015fmeye kar\u015f\u0131 bir direni\u015f anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. \u00a0<\/p>\n

Hem\u015finlilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n kendilerini T\u00fcrk olarak tan\u0131mlamaya ba\u015flamalar\u0131 ise Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminin sonucudur. Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki \u201cs\u00fcnni milleti\u201d yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan cumhuriyetin hakim unsuru olan \u201cT\u00fcrk ulusu\u201d na evrildi. \u201cNe mutlu T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcm diyene!\u201d veciz s\u00f6z\u00fcnde ifadesini bulan bu bak\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re az\u0131nl\u0131k kabul edilen H\u0131ristiyanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan b\u00fct\u00fcn halklara T\u00fcrk olduklar\u0131 vaaz edildi. Hepsinin T\u00fcrk oldu\u011funa dair tarihler yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bug\u00fcn\u00fcn Hem\u015finli T\u00fcrk alg\u0131s\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bir kimlik alg\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bunun kan\u0131t\u0131 olabilecek iki unsur sayabiliriz. Birincisi Hem\u015finliler i\u00e7erisinde k\u00f6kenlerinin Ermeni halk\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul edenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc ve resmi ideolojiye mesafeli siyasal ak\u0131mlar\u0131 benimseyen insanlardan olu\u015furken; tersine Hem\u015finli T\u00fcrk alg\u0131s\u0131na sahip insanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn resmi ideolojiye yak\u0131n, milliyet\u00e7i-muhafazakar siyasal ak\u0131mlar\u0131 benimseyen insanlardan olu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Devletin resmi ideolojisinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a insanlar\u0131n kendilerine ili\u015fkin devlet s\u00f6yleminden de uzakla\u015fmalar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131r. \u0130kincisi ise T\u00fcrkiyeli ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ile yabanc\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar aras\u0131nda Hem\u015fin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 konusunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan farkt\u0131r. Bilginin bu derecede yayg\u0131n dola\u015f\u0131ma \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde, bilebildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla onlarca farkl\u0131 ulustan hi\u00e7bir yabanc\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n, \u00a0Hem\u015finlilerin T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli bir halk oldu\u011funa dair tek bir sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6remezken, yerli ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun Hem\u015finlilerin T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ispatlamaya y\u00f6nelik gayretke\u015flikleri nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir? Bunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 san\u0131yorum bu tezleri dillendirenleri \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden olan Fahrettin Kirzio\u011flu \u201cK\u00fcrtlerin T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d ad\u0131nda kitap yazarak y\u0131llar \u00f6nce vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Resmi Belgelerde Hem\u015finlilik<\/b><\/p>\n

Tarih \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n, s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Elbette bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar belgelerle desteklendi\u011finde ger\u00e7e\u011fin daha geni\u015f boyutlar\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur. Ancak Hem\u015finlilerin kimliklerine dair \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerden biri bu alanda resmi belge bulmak konusundaki zorluktur.\u00a0 Hem\u015finli kimli\u011fine dair fikir veren en ufak belgeler bile b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00c7ok fazla belgeye sahip olmamakla birlikte Hem\u015finli kimli\u011finin Rusya, Osmanl\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 belgenin ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 Hem\u015fin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fans.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz belgelerden ilki Rusya Bilimler Akademisi\u2019ne ait bir belge. Bu belge Krasnodar\u2019da ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finlilerin talebi \u00fczerine kendilerine verilen bir belge. Belgeyi Pontus-Kafkas Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Merkezi\u2019nden Nona \u015eahnazaryan Erivan\u2019da yap\u0131lan Hem\u015fin konferans\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\u201cHem\u015fil liderleri Rusya Bilimler Akademisi N.N.Mikluho-Maklay Etnoloji ve Antropoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcne yaz\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015fvuruda bulunup gruplar\u0131n\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fc hakk\u0131nda tarihi bilgi istediler:<\/p>\n

\u2018Biz Hem\u015fil halk\u0131 (kendimize Hom\u015fetsi deriz) temsilcileri olarak sizden biz Hem\u015fillerin ayr\u0131 bir halk olarak etnik kimli\u011fimizi tasdik eden tarihi bir belge rica ederiz. \u015eu anda \u00e7e\u015fitli objektif ve subjektif nedenler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n temsilcileri \u00e7e\u015fitli resmi belgelerde Hem\u015fil, T\u00fcrk, G\u00fcrc\u00fc vs. olarak ge\u00e7er. Ayn\u0131 durum T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u2018-o\u011flu\u2019, G\u00fcrc\u00fcce \u2018-dze\u2019, Rus\u00e7a \u2018-ov,-ev\u2019, vs. ekleri olan soyadlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. Arz edilen tarih belgesi bu etnik kimli\u011fimizi korumas\u0131 ve gerekli oldu\u011funda \u00e7e\u015fitli resmi makamlara sunulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in elzemdir.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026Rusya Bilimler Akademisi Etnoloji ve Antropoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Kafkasya b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u015fkan\u0131 Tarih doktoru Arutyunov S.A taraf\u0131ndan imzalanm\u0131\u015f yan\u0131tta:<\/p>\n

\u2018Hem\u015filler Trabzon ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019n\u0131n Karadeniz sahillerinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan, Etnik olarak Ermenilere yak\u0131n, orta\u00e7a\u011flarda \u0130slam\u0131 kabul eden Ermenicenin Hem\u015fin Leh\u00e7esi \u00f6zel bir a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015fan bir halkt\u0131r. Uluslar aras\u0131 hukuk normlar\u0131na g\u00f6re Rusya Federasyonu SSCB\u2019nin selefi olarak Hem\u015fillerin Rusya vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nun herhangi bir b\u00f6lgesinde oturma, \u00a0Rusya federatif makamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sosyal ve hukuk haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmelidir. Hem\u015fil soyisimlerinin son ekleri her bir ailenin adet ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fine g\u00f6re \u2018o\u011flu\u2019, \u2018dze\u2019, \u2018ev\u2019, \u2018yan\u2019 vs. gibi de\u011fi\u015fik olabilir\u2019denmektedir (belge tarihi:20-06-2002)\u201d[18]<\/a><\/p>\n

Belgeye g\u00f6re Rusya Bilimler Akademisi Hem\u015finlileri etnik olarak Ermeni, dinsel olarak M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olduklar\u0131n\u0131 tespit ediyor. Hem\u015finlilerin konu\u015ftu\u011fu dili ise Ermenicenin Hem\u015fin leh\u00e7esinin bir a\u011fz\u0131 olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de devletin hassas sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 konularda genellikle iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc vard\u0131r. Birini kamuoyu ile payla\u015f\u0131r. Birini ise genellikle payla\u015fmaz. Ancak bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn izleri bazen baz\u0131 devlet uygulamalar\u0131 ile ortal\u0131\u011fa sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131verir. \u00d6rne\u011fin kamuoyu ile payla\u015f\u0131lan T\u00fcrk tan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re; T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 olan herkes T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr. Ancak devlet n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda gizli soy kodu uygulamas\u0131yla halk\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 fi\u015flemekten geri durmaz.[19]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Bu nedenle ger\u00e7eklere ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok dikkatli olmak ve kamuoyu ile payla\u015f\u0131lan bilgilerin \u00f6tesinde devletin ger\u00e7ek bilgilerinin ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 veren belgelere ula\u015fmak gerekir.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci belgemiz bu t\u00fcrden bir belge, asl\u0131nda orijinaline ula\u015fabildi\u011fimiz bir belge de\u011fil. Ancak kamuoyuna mal olmu\u015f bir belge. Milliyet gazetesindeki habere g\u00f6re; MGK Malatya\u2019daki zirve yay\u0131nevi katliam\u0131ndan sonra ‘T\u00fcrkiye’deki Etnik Gruplar\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m Raporu’ haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir talimat verdi. Erciyes, Elaz\u0131\u011f F\u0131rat ve Malatya \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc \u00dcniversitesi’ndeki \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan rapor dava dosyas\u0131nda duruyor.<\/p>\n

Raporun Hem\u015finlilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi, Hem\u015finlilerin T\u00fcrk olarak de\u011fil ayr\u0131 bir etnik kimlik olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131. Hem\u015finlilerin n\u00fcfusu ve ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan eksik bilgiler bar\u0131nd\u0131rsa da \u00f6nemli bir belge. Zira gizli kalaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmal\u0131 ki resmi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerde T\u00fcrk olarak kabul edilen Hem\u015finlilerin ayr\u0131 bir kimlik olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131nda sak\u0131nca g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f. Hem\u015finliler rapora g\u00f6re 13000 ki\u015fi ve yaln\u0131zca Artvin ve Rize\u2019nin baz\u0131 il\u00e7elerinde ya\u015fayan bir grup.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Raporun en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri ise T\u00fcrkler\u2019in n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131nda yat\u0131yor. Buna g\u00f6re T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu son 15 y\u0131ld\u0131r az oranda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steriyor. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k K\u00fcrtler her y\u0131l y\u00fczde 2,5 oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steriyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re Bo\u015fnaklar her y\u0131l binde 12, T\u00fcrkler binde 8, Arnavutlar binde 5 oran\u0131nda azal\u0131yorlar. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k T\u00fcrkle\u015fme oran\u0131n\u0131n en fazla K\u00fcrtler\u2019de oldu\u011fu, onlar\u0131 Bo\u015fnaklar\u2019\u0131n, \u00c7erkesler\u2019in ve Arnavutlar\u2019\u0131n takip etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. G\u00fcneydo\u011fudan g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Araplar\u2019da da yo\u011fun bir T\u00fcrkle\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor.[20]<\/a><\/p>\n

Raporun bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ger\u00e7ek ise olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu her y\u0131l binde sekiz oran\u0131nda azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde T\u00fcrkle\u015fme art\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u00fcrtler, Araplar, Bo\u015fnaklar, \u00c7erkesler, Arnavutlar ve di\u011ferleri asimilasyon sonucu h\u0131zla T\u00fcrkle\u015fmeye devam etmektedir. Bu raporun bize anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka bir ger\u00e7ek ise devletin iki farkl\u0131 T\u00fcrk alg\u0131s\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fudur. Gayri-T\u00fcrk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halklara hepimiz T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcz bu etnik anlamda bir T\u00fcrkl\u00fck de\u011fil derken, asl\u0131nda nas\u0131l herkesin etnik anlamda T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmesini gizlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne koyuyor.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc belge ise Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne ait bir belgedir. Bu belgenin di\u011fer ikisine g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunuyor. Bir akademinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc veya devletin temel iktidar kurumu yani MGK i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlananm\u0131\u015f olsa da \u00fcniversitelerin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir rapor de\u011fil. Bu belge do\u011frudan Umum Erkan-\u0131 Harbiye Dairesi D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015eube\u2019den D\u00e2hiliye Nez\u00e2ret-i Celilesine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir yaz\u0131. \u00a01 Haziran 1913 tarihli bu yaz\u0131da, Rusya hudut komiserinin Hopa b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ait raporuna dayan\u0131larak \u00f6zetle:\u201cTrabzon vilayeti Hopa kazas\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 k\u00f6ylerde bulunan ve \u2018Hem\u015fin denilen Ermeni’den d\u00f6nme M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u2019\u0131n oraya gidecek bir misyonerden etkilenmeleri muhtemel oldu\u011fundan, mahalli h\u00fck\u00fcmet\u00e7e Hem\u015finlerin ir\u015fad\u0131n\u0131n (do\u011fru yolun g\u00f6sterilmesi, uyar\u0131lmas\u0131 ) gerekti\u011fi\u201d belirtilmektedir.[21]<\/a><\/p>\n

Raporda ayr\u0131ca Hem\u015finlilerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Lazlar\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Lazlar \u201cKamilen\u201d M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131rken Hem\u015finlilerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na pek g\u00fcvenilmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Zira Hem\u015finliler saf ve cahil olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Umum Erkan-\u0131 Harbiye Dairesi d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fubenin bu yaz\u0131s\u0131 Hem\u015finlileri Ermeni kimli\u011fi ile ili\u015fkilendiren \u015fu ana kadar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bildi\u011fimiz ilk belge olma niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yor.\u00a0 \u00dcstelik belgenin tarihi burada kullan\u0131lan Ermeni tabirinin yaln\u0131zca dinsel bir aidiyeti i\u015faret etmedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc biliyoruz ki Osmanl\u0131\u2019da\u00a0Millet terimi Tanzimat ile birlikte \u00f6nce k\u0131smen, sonra tamamen kavimleri belirlemek amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[22]<\/a><\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/b><\/p>\n

Hem\u015finlilerle ilgili tarihsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel veriler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyan ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finliler ayn\u0131 tarihsel k\u00f6kenden gelen, ayn\u0131 geleneklere sahip, ayn\u0131 dili konu\u015fan insanlard\u0131r. Aralar\u0131ndaki temel farkl\u0131l\u0131k dinsel farkl\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Tarihsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ortak zeminleri dinsel farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ra\u011fmen aralar\u0131nda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirmelerinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde engel olmamaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu nedenle bu gruplar M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finli Ermeniler ve H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finli Ermeniler olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki grubun Hem\u015finli kimli\u011fine ili\u015fkin farkl\u0131 alg\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finli Ermeniler Hem\u015finlilikten daha \u00e7ok kendilerini Ermenilikle tan\u0131mlarken, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finli Ermeniler kendilerini a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Hem\u015finli kimli\u011fi ile tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. Hem\u015finlilik co\u011frafi bir aidiyetten \u00e7ok etnik bir aidiyet bi\u00e7iminde alg\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. Hem\u015finlili\u011fin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finli Ermenilerde etnik bir aidiyet bi\u00e7iminde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fma sonras\u0131nda kendisini H\u0131ristiyan Ermeni kimli\u011finden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken ayn\u0131 zamanda Laz ve T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fiyle de aras\u0131na mesafe koymas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Ancak Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n millet sistemi i\u00e7inde g\u00f6rece problem olmayan bu durum, Cumhuriyetle birlikte problem olmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cumhuriyetin tek dil, tek millet, tek devlet s\u00f6ylemine dayal\u0131 asimilasyoncu politikalar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Hem\u015finlilerde Hem\u015finli kimli\u011fini T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fine ba\u011flama e\u011filimleri geli\u015f(tiril)mi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Hem\u015finlilerin kendi kimliklerine ili\u015fkin alg\u0131lar\u0131n homojenle\u015ftirici, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 yok sayan bir siyasal ortamda olu\u015fmu\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hem\u015finlili\u011fi T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fine ba\u011flayan tezler tarihsel, bilimsel bulgulara de\u011fil, ideolojik tutumlara dayanmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk resmi ideolojisinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan yerli ve bu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapm\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn yabanc\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bunu g\u00f6stermektedir.\u00a0\u00a0 Ayr\u0131ca yukar\u0131da ortaya konan bu belgeler devletin kendisinin de bu konuda resmi ideolojiye dayanan tezlerden farkl\u0131 bilgilere ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Canan Seyfeli,\u00a0H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00d6ncesine Dayanan Baz\u0131 Ermeni Halk \u0130nan\u00e7lar\u0131, S\u00dc\u0130FD. S:30, Sy:149-164.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0Canan Seyfeli, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00d6ncesine Dayanan Baz\u0131 Ermeni Halk \u0130nan\u00e7lar\u0131, S\u00dc\u0130FD. S:30, Sy:149-164.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0http:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/toplum\/28739-etnik-bir-kimlik-olarak-hemsinliler<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0http:\/\/rudocs.exdat.com\/docs\/index-100094.html?page=31<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a>\u00a0Franz Werfel, Musa Da\u011f\u2019da K\u0131rk G\u00fcn, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1997,Sy:63.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a>\u00a0Hamasde\u011f, G\u00fcvercinim Harput\u2019ta Kald\u0131, Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1998,Sy:75.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a>\u00a0Hamasde\u011f, G\u00fcvercinim Harput\u2019ta Kald\u0131, Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1998,Sy:30.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a>\u00a0Hamasde\u011f, G\u00fcvercinim Harput\u2019ta Kald\u0131, Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1998,Sy:48.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a>\u00a0Rafael \u0130\u015fhanyan, Ermeniler\u2019in Tarihi, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2006,Sy:158.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a>\u00a0Levon Ha\u00e7ikyan, Hem\u015fin Gizemi, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1997,Sy:23.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a>\u00a0BOA, TD.52,53.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a>\u00a0H. Acaryan, Knnutyun Ham\u015feni Barbari, Yerevan, 1947<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a>\u00a0BOA,\u00a0Tarih: 10\/Ra\/1281 (Hicr\u00ee)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dosya No:308 G\u00f6mlek No:98 Fon Kodu: A.} MKT.MHM.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a>\u00a0BOA,\u00a0Tarih: 29\/B\/1265 (Hicri), Dosya No: 7\/A, G\u00f6mlek No:57,Fon Kodu:A.}DVN.MHM<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a>\u00a0Daniil Kukuyan, Hem\u015fin Paradokslar\u0131, Hem\u015fin ve Hem\u015finli Ermeniler-Konferans Makaleleri, Yerevan, 2007, Sy: 276<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a>\u00a0Daniil Kukuyan, Hem\u015fin Paradokslar\u0131, Hem\u015fin ve Hem\u015finli Ermeniler-Konferans Makaleleri, Yerevan, 2007, Sy: 277<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a>\u00a0http:\/\/www.islamvehayat.com\/5247_osmanli-millet-sistemi-isleyisi-ve-cozulusu.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a>\u00a0Nona \u015eahnazaryan, Kaypak Kimlik: Hem\u015filler(Hem\u015finler) \u00d6rne\u011fi, Hem\u015fin ve Hem\u015finli Ermeniler-Konferans Makaleleri, Yerevan, 2007, Sy:149<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a>http:\/\/www.radikal.com.tr\/turkiye\/nufus_kayitlarinda_soy_kodu_ile_fisleme-1144436<\/a><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/default.aspx?aType=SonDakika&ArticleID=873452<\/a><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a>\u00a0BOA, Dosya: 116, G\u00f6mlek no: 65, Fon kodu: DH.\u0130D.-\u00a01331. C. 28.<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a>\u00a0http:\/\/www.islamvehayat.com\/5247_osmanli-millet-sistemi-isleyisi-ve-cozulusu.html<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ekler:<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00d6zet:\u00a0Trabzon vilayeti Hopa kazas\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 k\u00f6ylerde bulunan ve Hem\u015fin denilen Ermeni’den d\u00f6nme M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar’\u0131n oraya gidecek bir misyonerden etkilenmeleri muhtemel oldu\u011fundan, mahalli h\u00fck\u00fcmet\u00e7e hem\u015finlerin ir\u015fad\u0131 gerekti\u011fi.<\/p>\n

DH. \u0130D., 116-65, 1331. C. 28.<\/p>\n

Umum Erkan-\u0131 Harbiye Dairesi<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015eube<\/p>\n

321<\/p>\n

1<\/p>\n

D\u00e2hiliye Nez\u00e2ret-i Celilesine<\/p>\n

H\u00fclasa-i Me\u2019al: Hopa hud\u00fbd b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131ndaki kur\u00e2 ah\u00e2l\u00eesine d\u00e2ir.<\/p>\n

Devletl\u00fc Efendim Hazretleri<\/p>\n

Trabzon Vil\u00e2yetine t\u00e2bi\u02bb Hopa kaz\u00e2s\u0131na m\u00fcs\u00e2dif [tesad\u00fcf eden] Hopa hudud b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131ndaki Zorb\u00ee\u00e7\u00ee, Erv\u00e2l\u00e2 (Erd\u00e2l\u00e2), \u00c7acu\u015flu, Hayk\u00ee, Zalon\u00e2, Gav\u00e2rci, kariyeleri ah\u00e2l\u00eesi Hem\u015fin ismiyle m\u00fcsemm\u00e2 [adland\u0131r\u0131lan] Ermenilerden d\u00f6nme m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olub kaz\u00e2n\u0131n m\u00fcteb\u00e2k\u00ee [geri kalan\u0131] ah\u00e2l\u00eesinin k\u00e2milen m\u00fcsl\u00fcman Lazlardan ibret id\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Hem\u015f\u00eenler saf ve c\u00e2hil olub bir misyonerin bu m\u0131nt\u0131kada muvafakiyyetle [ba\u015far\u0131yla] i\u015f g\u00f6rebilece\u011fi bin\u00e2en aleyh h\u00fck\u00fbmet-i mahalliyemizin ir\u015f\u00e2dat\u0131 [do\u011fru yolu g\u00f6stermesi, uyarmas\u0131] Hem\u015f\u00eenl\u00fcler i\u00e7\u00fcn derece-i v\u00fcc\u00fbbda oldu\u011fu [vacip oldu\u011fu] Rusya hudud komiserinin hopa b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u00e2id raporunun bir f\u0131kras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f ve mes\u2019ele c\u00e2lib-i dikkat bulunmu\u015f olma\u011fla iktiz\u00e2-y\u0131 h\u00e2lin \u00eef\u00e2s\u0131 m\u00fctemenn\u00e2d\u0131r efendim.<\/p>\n

Fi 25 Cemazelahire 331 ve fi 19 May\u0131s 329 [1 Haziran 1913]<\/p>\n

http:\/\/hamshentsi.blogspot.com.tr\/2014\/07\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi-mahir-ozkan.html<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mahir \u00d6zkan (Temmuz 2014′ te \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan, U\u011fur Biryol’un edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Karadeniz’in Kaybolan Kimli\u011fi isimli kitapta yer alan makalem). Ortak bir ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelmi\u015f olsalar bile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finli topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n Hem\u015finli kimli\u011fi ile ili\u015fkileri birbirinden farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imler alm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n dinin kimlik alg\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Hem\u015fin Ermenicesi konu\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topluluk […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,14,18,19,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-belge","category-haberler","category-hemsin-tarihinden","category-hemsin-ve-hemsinliler","category-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\nDin ve Hem\u015finli Kimli\u011fi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/07\/07\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Din ve Hem\u015finli Kimli\u011fi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mahir \u00d6zkan (Temmuz 2014′ te \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan, U\u011fur Biryol’un edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Karadeniz’in Kaybolan Kimli\u011fi isimli kitapta yer alan makalem). Ortak bir ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelmi\u015f olsalar bile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finli topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n Hem\u015finli kimli\u011fi ile ili\u015fkileri birbirinden farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imler alm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n dinin kimlik alg\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Hem\u015fin Ermenicesi konu\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topluluk […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/07\/07\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-07-07T07:56:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"kalem\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"kalem\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"31 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/07\\\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/07\\\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"kalem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c\"},\"headline\":\"Din ve Hem\u015finli Kimli\u011fi\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-07-07T07:56:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/07\\\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":6162,\"commentCount\":0,\"articleSection\":[\"Belge\",\"Haberler\",\"Hem\u015fin Tarihinden\",\"Hem\u015fin ve Hem\u015finliler\",\"Makaleler\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/07\\\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/07\\\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/07\\\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\\\/\",\"name\":\"Din ve Hem\u015finli Kimli\u011fi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2014-07-07T07:56:35+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/07\\\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/07\\\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/2014\\\/07\\\/07\\\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Din ve Hem\u015finli Kimli\u011fi\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c\",\"name\":\"kalem\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a06875e4b25feb5674296adf8e8a7ae1e587cebce2493fe63c456109967e27d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a06875e4b25feb5674296adf8e8a7ae1e587cebce2493fe63c456109967e27d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a06875e4b25feb5674296adf8e8a7ae1e587cebce2493fe63c456109967e27d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"kalem\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/author\\\/kalem\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Din ve Hem\u015finli Kimli\u011fi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/07\/07\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Din ve Hem\u015finli Kimli\u011fi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"Mahir \u00d6zkan (Temmuz 2014′ te \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan, U\u011fur Biryol’un edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Karadeniz’in Kaybolan Kimli\u011fi isimli kitapta yer alan makalem). Ortak bir ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelmi\u015f olsalar bile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finli topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n Hem\u015finli kimli\u011fi ile ili\u015fkileri birbirinden farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imler alm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Bu farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n dinin kimlik alg\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Hem\u015fin Ermenicesi konu\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topluluk […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/07\/07\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\/","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2014-07-07T07:56:35+00:00","author":"kalem","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"kalem","Est. reading time":"31 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/07\/07\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/07\/07\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\/"},"author":{"name":"kalem","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#\/schema\/person\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c"},"headline":"Din ve Hem\u015finli Kimli\u011fi","datePublished":"2014-07-07T07:56:35+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/07\/07\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\/"},"wordCount":6162,"commentCount":0,"articleSection":["Belge","Haberler","Hem\u015fin Tarihinden","Hem\u015fin ve Hem\u015finliler","Makaleler"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/07\/07\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/07\/07\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\/","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/07\/07\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\/","name":"Din ve Hem\u015finli Kimli\u011fi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#website"},"datePublished":"2014-07-07T07:56:35+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#\/schema\/person\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/07\/07\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/07\/07\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/07\/07\/din-ve-hemsinli-kimligi\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Din ve Hem\u015finli Kimli\u011fi"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#\/schema\/person\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c","name":"kalem","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a06875e4b25feb5674296adf8e8a7ae1e587cebce2493fe63c456109967e27d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a06875e4b25feb5674296adf8e8a7ae1e587cebce2493fe63c456109967e27d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a06875e4b25feb5674296adf8e8a7ae1e587cebce2493fe63c456109967e27d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"kalem"},"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/author\/kalem\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30682","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30682"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30682\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}