{"id":30535,"date":"2014-06-27T02:48:28","date_gmt":"2014-06-27T07:48:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=30535"},"modified":"2014-06-27T02:48:28","modified_gmt":"2014-06-27T07:48:28","slug":"73-aydinlanma-bilim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/06\/27\/73-aydinlanma-bilim\/","title":{"rendered":"73. Ayd\u0131nlanma. Bilim. Edebiyat"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ayd\u0131nlanma<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Lazaryan<\/a>
Lazaryan Lisesi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Okullar, \u00f6nemli bir e\u011fitim-ayd\u0131nlanma rol\u00fc oynamaktayd\u0131. XIX, y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda, e\u011fitim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerleme sa\u011flan\u0131r. T\u00fcm Ermeniler i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli olarak e\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek olan okullar\u0131n temeli at\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1810 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Astrakhan\u2019da A\u011fababyan okulu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Lazaryan s\u00fclalesinin \u00fcnl\u00fc temsilcisi Hovhannes Lazaryan\u2019\u0131n vasiyeti \u00fczerine, 1815 y\u0131l\u0131nda Moskova\u2019da Lazaryan e\u011fitim kurumu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Bu e\u011fitim kurumu bir as\u0131rdan uzun bir m\u00fcddet faaliyet g\u00f6sterir ve Armenoloji, do\u011fu bilimi ve genel olarak k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir merkeze d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\"Nersisyan<\/a>
Nersisyan Okulu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Nerses A\u015ftaraketsi\u2019nin (katolikos, Ermeni Kilisesi dini \u00f6nderi-\u00e7ev. notu) \u00e7abalar\u0131yla 1824 y\u0131l\u0131nda benzer bir okul Tiflis\u2019te kurulur ve kurucusunun ad\u0131yla Nersesyan olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Yerevan\u2019da 1832 y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00f6lgesel, 1837 y\u0131l\u0131nda da dini \u00f6nderlik okulu kurulur. Bir y\u0131l sonra da \u015eu\u015fi\u2019de dini \u00f6nderlik okulu kurulur. Venedik, Z\u0131m\u00fcrniya (\u0130zmir-\u00e7ev. notu), Konstantinopel (\u0130stanbul-\u00e7ev. notu), Kalkata (Kalk\u00fcta-\u00e7ev. notu), Van, Erzurum, Paris ve daha ba\u015fka \u015fehirlerde Ermeni okullar\u0131 kurulur. K\u00f6t\u00fc durumda bulunan kilise okullar\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

E\u011fitim d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fc Ermeni gen\u00e7leri, Transkafkasya\u2019da y\u00fcksek okul bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle Rusya ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f e\u011fitim merkezlerine gider. Buralarda e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f Ermeni ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ilk nesli (H. Alamdaryan, Kh. Abovyan, S. Nazaryan, \u011e. Ali\u015fan vd.) ayd\u0131nlanma ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynar.<\/p>\n

Bir di\u011fer ayd\u0131nlanma alan\u0131nda, hepsinin de Ermenistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dergi ve gazete bas\u0131m\u0131 konusunda ba\u015far\u0131lar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u201cBazmavep\u201d (Venedik), \u201c\u015e\u0131temaran\u201d, \u201cAzgaser\u201d (Kalkata), \u201cL\u0131ragir\u201d (Konstantinopel), \u201cHayrenaser\u201d (Z\u0131m\u00fcrniya), \u201cKovkas\u201d, \u201cArarat\u201d (Tiflis) dergileri, bu d\u00f6nemin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f yay\u0131n organlar\u0131ndand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bilim<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Ermeni<\/a>
Ermeni dilinin yeni s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Farkl\u0131 bilim alanlar\u0131nda ilgin\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. M\u0131khitaryan birli\u011fi \u00fcyesi \u011e. \u0130nciciyan, bir dizi \u00f6nemli tarihi-co\u011frafi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yay\u0131nlar. Venedik\u2019te H. Kat\u0131rc\u0131yan\u2019\u0131n iki ciltlik \u201cEvrenin tarihi\u201d yay\u0131nlan\u0131r. Rus tarih\u00e7i Sergey Glinka\u2019n\u0131n \u201cErmeni halk\u0131 tarihinin teorisi\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yay\u0131nlan\u0131r. Dil bilimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131l\u0131r. Birka\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 y\u0131ll\u0131k ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan \u201cErmeni dilinin yeni s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Venedik\u2019te bas\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130ki b\u00fcy\u00fck ciltten olu\u015fan bu s\u00f6zl\u00fck, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de bilimsel de\u011ferinden bir \u015fey kaybetmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Tabii bilimlere y\u00f6nelik ilgi b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ba\u015flar. \u00dcnl\u00fc doktor-bilim adam\u0131, bat\u0131 ve do\u011fu t\u0131p bilimine iyi derecede vak\u0131f olan Petros Kalantaryan, \u201c\u015eifa kitab\u0131\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlar. Matematik ve geometri alan\u0131nda ders kitaplar\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yay\u0131nlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/23\/438<\/a><\/p>\n

Edebiyat<\/b><\/p>\n

XIX y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131, edebiyat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olur. Bu d\u00f6nemde yeni Ermeni edebiyat\u0131 \u015fekillenir. Ermeni edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n bu yeni a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde H. Alamdaryan, M. Ta\u011fiatyan ve \u00f6zellikle de Kh. Abovyan\u2019\u0131n rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck olur. Harutyun Alamdaryan (1795-1834), Lazaryan lisesi ile Nersesyan okulunda \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapar. D\u00fcnyevi hayat\u0131, a\u015fk\u0131 konu alan az say\u0131da romantik \u015fiirleriyle edebiyata yeni bir renk katar. Esasen Hindistan\u2019da ya\u015fayan Mesrop Ta\u011fiatyan (1803-1858) verimli e\u011fitim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr ve zengin bir edebi miras b\u0131rak\u0131r. Vatansever bir ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip olan Ta\u011fiatyan \u201cK\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcz vatan\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r. Mutlu olmak isteyen herkes \u00f6ncelikle vatan\u0131n mutlulu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7aba sarf etmelidir\u201d,- diye yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"Kha\u00e7atur<\/a>
Kha\u00e7atur Abovyan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kha\u00e7atur Abovyan (1809-1848), XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131ndaki Ermeni edebiyat\u0131 ile ayd\u0131nlanma hareketinin en \u00f6nemli ki\u015fili\u011fi, yeni Ermeni edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n kurucusu, ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 ve e\u011fitmendir. Abovyan, Ecmiadsin\u2019de ve Tiflis Nersesyan okulunda e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra katolikosun (Ermeni Kilisesi dini \u00f6nderi-\u00e7ev. notu) terc\u00fcman\u0131 ve yaz\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak tayin edilir.<\/p>\n

1829 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Dorpat (Tartu) \u00dcniversitesi profes\u00f6r\u00fc Parrot\u2019un ekibi, Ararat (A\u011fr\u0131-\u00e7ev. notu) Da\u011f\u0131\u2019na t\u0131rmanmak amac\u0131yla Ecmiadsin\u2019e gelir. Abovyan, terc\u00fcman olarak ekibe kat\u0131l\u0131r ve birlikte Ararat\u2019\u0131n zirvesine t\u0131rman\u0131r. Zeki gen\u00e7, Parrot\u2019un dikkatini \u00e7eker ve onun \u00e7abalar\u0131yla Dorpat \u00fcniversitesi\u2019ne kabul edilir. Abovyan, alt\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k e\u011fitim s\u00fcresinde sa\u011flam bir e\u011fitim al\u0131r ve birka\u00e7 dil \u00f6\u011frendikten sonra vatana d\u00f6nerek, kendisini \u00f6nce Tiflis, daha sonra da Yerevan\u2019da edebiyat ve e\u011fitim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na vakfeder. 2 Nisan 1848 sabah\u0131nda evinden \u00e7\u0131kar ve bir daha geri d\u00f6nmez. Kaybolmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar bilinmemektedir.<\/p>\n

Abovyan, verimli faaliyetiyle okullar\u0131 geri kalm\u0131\u015f durumlar\u0131ndan kurtarmak istemekteydi. Abovyan\u2019\u0131n giri\u015fimiyle bedensel cezalar kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u201c\u00c7ocuklar\u0131 e\u011fitmek, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde her\u015feydir benim i\u00e7in… \u00d6\u011fretmen \u00f6\u011frencileri, baban\u0131n \u00e7ocu\u011funu sevdi\u011fi gibi sevmelidir\u201d,- demekteydi.<\/p>\n

Abovyan\u2019\u0131n edebiyata katk\u0131s\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Abovyan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131, \u00fcnl\u00fc \u201cErmenistan\u2019\u0131n yaras\u0131, vatanseverin a\u011f\u0131t\u0131\u201d tarihi roman\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk on y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki tarihi geli\u015fmeler edebi bir \u015fekilde i\u015flenmektedir. Roman\u0131n temel fikri, vatanseverlik ve h\u00fcrriyet a\u015fk\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cNefesini ver, can\u0131n\u0131 ver, fakat vatan\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131na verme\u201d,- diyor Abovyan bu eserinde. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n oynam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu olumlu rol\u00fc takdir ederek \u201cRuslar\u0131n Ermenistan topraklar\u0131m\u0131za ayak bast\u0131klar\u0131 saat kutlu olsun\u201d,- diye yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cErmenistan yaras\u0131\u201d, d\u00fcnyevi dilde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ilk Ermenice romand\u0131r. Bu romanla nesiller e\u011fitilmi\u015ftir. Kha\u00e7atur Abovyan, gelecek nesiller i\u00e7in yeni bir yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sanat<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Hakob<\/a>
Hakob Hovnatanyan Portre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sanat, farkl\u0131 dallar\u0131yla geli\u015fim g\u00f6sterir. Resim sanat\u0131nda Hovnatanyanlar\u0131n s\u00fclalesi \u00fcnlenir. Genelde Tiflis\u2019te ya\u015fay\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, portre d\u00f6neminin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ustas\u0131 olan Hakob Hovnatanyan\u2019\u0131n (1809-1884) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k 60 tuval g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Peterburg g\u00fczel sanatlar akademisini bitiren A\u011fafon Hovnatanyan, farkl\u0131 resim dallar\u0131yla ilgilenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyaca me\u015fhur deniz ressam\u0131, K\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131 Ermeni Hovhannes Ayvazovski de Peterburg g\u00fczel sanatlar akademisini bitirmi\u015ftir. Mesrop Ma\u015ftots, Beethoven portreleri ve \u201cG\u00f6l k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ziyafet\u201d resimleriyle \u00fcnlenen, Abovyan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ocukluk arkada\u015f\u0131 Stepan Nersesyan da ayn\u0131 akademide e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

M\u00fczik alan\u0131nda, yeni Ermeni notalar\u0131n\u0131 yaratan Hambardzum Limoncuyan g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpar. Halefleri, bu notalarla kilise \u015farakanlar\u0131n\u0131 (Ermeni dini m\u00fczi\u011fi-\u00e7ev. notu), halk \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve danslar\u0131n\u0131 kaydeder. B\u00fcy\u00fck Komitas, H. Limoncuyan\u2019\u0131n rol\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015f ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na de\u011fer vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Tiyatro sanat\u0131 alan\u0131nda hareketlilik g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Hen\u00fcz profesyonel tiyatrolar olmamakla birlikte, okullarda ve farkl\u0131 yerlerde amat\u00f6r temsiller d\u00fczenlenir. Tiflis, \u011e\u0131rim (K\u0131r\u0131m-\u00e7ev. notu) ve Yeni Nakhicevan\u2019daki Ermeni cemaatlerinde de benzer temsiller d\u00fczenlenir. 1827 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yerevan\u2019da, dekabrist subaylar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ilk defa olarak A. Griboyedov\u2019un \u201cAkl\u0131n zarar\u0131\u201d piyesi sergilenir.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131-\u0130ran egemenli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131 i\u015fleri hemen-hemen durmas\u0131 sonucunda, mimarinin geli\u015fim imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Zengin geleneklere sahip olan Ermeni mimarisi, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apta geli\u015fir. Zevkli kha\u00e7karlar (ha\u00e7ta\u015f-\u00e7ev. notu), \u015fapeller, mezar ta\u015flar\u0131, kap\u0131lar vs. yarat\u0131l\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck an\u0131tlar\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131, heykel sanat\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesine katk\u0131 yapar. Ermeni ustalar\u0131n zarif i\u015flemeleriyle yarat\u0131lan kha\u00e7karlar ve mezar ta\u015flar\u0131, \u015fahane sanat eserleridir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/b><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/23\/441<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ayd\u0131nlanma Okullar, \u00f6nemli bir e\u011fitim-ayd\u0131nlanma rol\u00fc oynamaktayd\u0131. XIX, y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda, e\u011fitim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerleme sa\u011flan\u0131r. T\u00fcm Ermeniler i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli olarak e\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek olan okullar\u0131n temeli at\u0131l\u0131r. 1810 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Astrakhan\u2019da A\u011fababyan okulu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Lazaryan s\u00fclalesinin \u00fcnl\u00fc temsilcisi Hovhannes Lazaryan\u2019\u0131n vasiyeti \u00fczerine, 1815 y\u0131l\u0131nda Moskova\u2019da Lazaryan e\u011fitim kurumu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Bu e\u011fitim kurumu bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n73. Ayd\u0131nlanma. Bilim. Edebiyat - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/06\/27\/73-aydinlanma-bilim\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"73. Ayd\u0131nlanma. Bilim. 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