{"id":30236,"date":"2014-06-06T02:50:47","date_gmt":"2014-06-06T07:50:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=30236"},"modified":"2014-06-06T02:50:47","modified_gmt":"2014-06-06T07:50:47","slug":"70-1828-1829-rus-osmanli-savasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/06\/06\/70-1828-1829-rus-osmanli-savasi\/","title":{"rendered":"70. 1828-1829 Rus-Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"Rus-\u0130ran<\/a>
Rus-\u0130ran Sava\u015f\u0131 (1826-1828) ve Rus-Osmanl\u0131 Sava\u015f\u0131 (1828-1829)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sava\u015f faaliyetlerinin gidi\u015fat\u0131<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Rus-\u0130ran bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra, Balkanlar ve Kafkasya\u2019da olmak \u00fczere iki cephede s\u00fcren Rus-Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Haziran ay\u0131nda Rus ordusu Paskevi\u00e7\u2019in liderli\u011finde G\u00fcmr\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda Akhuryan Nehri\u2019ni ge\u00e7erek Kars \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcr. Yollarda, \u0131ss\u0131zla\u015fm\u0131\u015f k\u00f6ylere rastlarlar. T\u00fcrkler, Ermenileri \u00fclke i\u00e7lerine s\u00fcrmekteydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rakip, zaptedilemez olarak kabul edilen Kars kalesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta g\u00fc\u00e7ler toplamaktayd\u0131. Kalenin surlar\u0131 dibinde \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn, \u00fc\u00e7 gece azg\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcrer. Ruslar nihayet, \u00f6nemli askeri \u00f6neme haiz Kars kalesini sald\u0131r\u0131yla ele ge\u00e7irir. \u00c7ok say\u0131da cephene Ruslar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7er, esirlerin say\u0131s\u0131 1.300\u2019\u00fc ge\u00e7mekteydi. Kars\u2019tan sonra ard-arda Akhalkalak (Ahalkelek-\u00e7ev. notu), Akhaltskha (Ah\u0131ska-\u00e7ev. notu), Ardahan\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irir. General Cavcavadze \u00f6nderli\u011findeki bir di\u011fer Rus birli\u011fi Bayazet (Beyaz\u0131t-\u00e7ev. notu) ve ard\u0131ndan Ala\u015fkert\u2019i (Ele\u015fkirt-\u00e7ev. notu) ele ge\u00e7irir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ruslar\u0131n Kafkasya ve Balkanlardaki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 haricinde, Avrupa devletlerinin y\u00f6neticileri \u00e7evresinde de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir karma\u015fa yarat\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131yla Erzurum\u2019da (Karin) g\u00fc\u00e7lerini toplar ve 1829 bahar\u0131nda sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7er. Akhaltskha\u2019ya ak\u0131n edip yerel muhaf\u0131z birli\u011fine kay\u0131plar verir. <\/span><\/p>\n

\"Kars\u2019\u0131n<\/a>
Kars\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgali<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Rus birlikleri, Osmanl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 durdurmay\u0131 ba\u015fararak, kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7er. Temmuz ay\u0131nda hemen-hemen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmadan Erzurum\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irirler. Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli askeri\u00a0 <\/span>merkezi d\u00fc\u015fer. Erzurum\u2019un ele ge\u00e7irilmesi g\u00fcnlerinde, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fair A. Pu\u015fkin, Paskevi\u00e7\u2019in birli\u011fine gelir, sava\u015f faaliyetlerini yak\u0131ndan takip eder ve gezi notlar\u0131nda bu konuda kay\u0131t d\u00fc\u015fer, \u201cHayret edici bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc arz eden \u015fehri g\u00f6rd\u00fck. T\u00fcrkler, as\u0131k y\u00fczlerle d\u00fcz \u00e7at\u0131lar\u0131ndan bize bak\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ermeniler, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde dar sokaklarda kayna\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131, atlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde ko\u015fuyor ve ha\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kararak tekrarl\u0131yorlard\u0131, H\u0131ristiyanlar, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rus ordular\u0131, zafer s\u00fcrecini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrerek Olti (Oltu-\u00e7ev. notu), Kh\u0131nus (H\u0131n\u0131s-\u00e7ev. notu), Mu\u015f ve daha ba\u015fka yerle\u015fim yerlerini ele ge\u00e7irir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Ermenileri, sava\u015f esnas\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131r Osmanl\u0131 boyunduru\u011funu \u00fczerlerinden atmak i\u00e7in \u00e7abalar ve Rus ordusuna maddi ve askeri destek sa\u011flar. Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi, burada da g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc birlikleri olu\u015fturulur. Bayaz\u0131t\u2019ta, Melik Martirosyan \u00f6nderli\u011finde, birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde 500 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan olu\u015fturulan birlik, sava\u015f faaliyetlerine aktif bir \u015fekilde kat\u0131l\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Ermenileri de g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc birlikleri olu\u015fturup soyda\u015flar\u0131na yard\u0131ma yeti\u015fir. A. Pu\u015fkin, Karaba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc s\u00fcvari birli\u011fi hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yazmaktad\u0131r, \u201c17 Haziran sabah\u0131nda yeniden silah sesleri duyduk ve iki saat sonra Karaba\u011f alay\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmadan d\u00f6nerken yanlar\u0131nda 8 T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131 getiriyorlard\u0131\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Adrianapolis (Edirne-\u00e7ev. notu) antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ruslar\u0131n, Balkanlardaki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc. Rus ordular\u0131 1829\u2019da, muzaffer bir \u015fekilde Konstantinopel (\u0130stanbul-\u00e7ev. notu) \u00f6nlerine ula\u015f\u0131r. Padi\u015fah\u0131n ricas\u0131 \u00fczerine, 2 Eyl\u00fclde Adrianapolis\u2019te bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalan\u0131r. Bu antla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, Poti liman\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere, Karadeniz\u2019in do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ve Akhaltskha ile Akhalkalak Rusya\u2019ya ge\u00e7mekteydi. \u0130ki taraftan sava\u015fa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan t\u00fcm vatanda\u015flar ve sava\u015f esirleri i\u00e7in af ilan edilir. Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda bulunan Ermenilere, Rusya\u2019ya ge\u00e7me izni verilir. Sava\u015fan taraflar aras\u0131nda diplomatik ili\u015fkiler yeniden tesis edilir. Bu antla\u015fma ile, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Karadeniz, Balkanlar ve Transkafkasya\u2019daki mevzileri sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, Adrianopolis antla\u015fmas\u0131, Ermenilerin \u00fcmitlerini ve adil beklentilerini hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartmaz. Bat\u0131 Ermenileri, T\u00fcrk boyunduru\u011funu \u00fczerlerinden atmak ve Do\u011fu Eremenistan\u2019l\u0131 karde\u015fleriyle birle\u015fmeye \u00e7abalamaktayd\u0131. Onlar\u0131n bu arzusu, Rusya\u2019ya rakip Avrupal\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc siyaset sonucunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez. Rusya, onlar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda Kars\u2019\u0131, Ardahan\u2019\u0131, Erzurum\u2019u, Mu\u015f\u2019u, Bayazet\u2019i ve ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f oldu\u011fu di\u011fer b\u00f6lgeleri Osmanl\u0131 devletine iade eder. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle Bat\u0131 Ermenistan, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir istisna haricinde, Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011finde kal\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rus ordular\u0131 genel komutan\u0131 General Paskevi\u00e7 de, silah g\u00fcc\u00fcyle elde etmi\u015f oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerin Osmanl\u0131ya geri verildi\u011fini duydu\u011funda ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011funu belirtir. Paskevi\u00e7, Erzurum\u2019dan Rus \u00e7ar\u0131 I. Nikolay\u2019a yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta, bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u201cGenel sevin\u00e7 havas\u0131yla birlikte, hem s\u00fcrekli \u00e7ekmi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00e7ileler, hem Rus ordusunun ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldu\u011fu tecr\u00fcbesi, hem de kendisini bekleyen talihsiz kaderiyle \u015fefkatimize lay\u0131k olan halk\u0131 hakl\u0131 bir kasvete b\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u201d,- demektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ermenilerin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Ahalkelek\u2019te<\/a>
Ahalkelek\u2019te Ba\u015fpiskopos Karapet Bagratuni An\u0131t\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Osmanl\u0131 ile \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda tekrarlanan i\u00e7 sava\u015flar neticesinde Transkafkasya\u2019daki Ermeni k\u00f6yleri y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ahalisi eksilmi\u015f, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgelerindeki ekonominin aya\u011fa kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilir tebaa elde edilmesi amac\u0131yla Ermenilerin migrasyonu d\u00fczenlenir. Ermeni ileri gelenleri bu siyasetin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini arzu etmekte ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde desteklemekteydi. Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulan kurula Nerses A\u015ftaraketsi (katolikos, Ermeni Kilisesi \u00f6nderi-\u00e7ev. notu), Albay Lazaryan, Erzurum dini \u00f6nderi episkopos Karapet vd. kat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 ve \u0130ran egemenli\u011finde bulunan Ermeni ahali, g\u00f6\u00e7 \u00f6nerisini sevin\u00e7le kabul eder. Yerel y\u00f6neticiler, emek\u00e7i ve usta ellerden mahrum olacaklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, haz\u0131rlanan bu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek isteyenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok oldu\u011fundan, bu g\u00f6\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7apa ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130ran Ermenilerinin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc, 1828 bahar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Tavriz (Tebriz-\u00e7ev. notu), Maku, Salmast, Khoy ve daha ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelerden yakla\u015f\u0131k 40.000 Ermeni, birka\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek Yerevan, Nakhicevan b\u00f6lgeleri, Zangezur, Karaba\u011f ve daha ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015fir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\"\u0130ranl\u0131<\/a>
\u0130ranl\u0131 ve Bat\u0131 Ermenilerin, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n egemenli\u011finde bulunan Do\u011fu Ermenistan topraklar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bat\u0131 Ermenilerin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc 1829-1830 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Genel olarak Erzurum, Kars ve Bayazet pa\u015fal\u0131klar\u0131ndan, 80.000 Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7 eder. Erzurum\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7enler b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Akhaltskha ve Akhalkalak\u2019a, Karsl\u0131lar \u015eirak ve Talin b\u00f6lgelerine, Bayaz\u0131tl\u0131lar ise Sevan G\u00f6l\u00fc havzas\u0131na yerle\u015ferek, Yeni Bayaz\u0131t adl\u0131 yerle\u015fim yerini kurar.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"1828-1830<\/a>
1828-1830 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130ranl\u0131 Ermenilerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

G\u00f6\u00e7, a\u015f\u0131r \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir, nakliye vas\u0131talar\u0131, g\u0131da ve elbise yetersizdi. Bunlara ra\u011fmen h\u00fck\u00fcmet, yeni yerlerine yerle\u015fmeleri \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 belli oranda kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. M\u00fclteciler, 6 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle vergiden muaf olmakta, ihtiya\u00e7 sahibi ailelere yard\u0131m verilmekte, ev yapmak i\u00e7in de destek almaktayd\u0131lar. K\u00f6yl\u00fcler k\u00f6ylere, zanaatk\u00e2rlar ve t\u00fcccarlar ise \u015fehirlere yerle\u015ftirilir. Bu insanlar zorluklar\u0131 yenerek, \u0131ss\u0131z topraklar\u0131 i\u015flemeye, ba\u011flar kurmaya, kanallar ve yollar yapmaya, eski ve yeni yerle\u015fim yerlerine hayat vermeye ba\u015flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Ermenilerinin migrasyonu, tar\u0131m ile zanaatlar\u0131n geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahip olmu\u015ftur. Do\u011fu Ermenistan ile Transkafkasya n\u00fcfusunun etnik yap\u0131s\u0131 Ermenilerin lehine de\u011fi\u015fir. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/23\/428<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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