{"id":30172,"date":"2014-06-03T01:49:29","date_gmt":"2014-06-03T06:49:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=30172"},"modified":"2014-06-03T01:49:29","modified_gmt":"2014-06-03T06:49:29","slug":"belgeler-ve-tanikliklarla-1914-1923-pontus-rum-tehciri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/06\/03\/belgeler-ve-tanikliklarla-1914-1923-pontus-rum-tehciri\/","title":{"rendered":"Belgeler ve tan\u0131kl\u0131klarla 1914-1923 Pontus Rum Tehciri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Pontus<\/a>Yorgo Demir, resmi tarihin sakl\u0131 k\u00f6\u015felere itti\u011fi, 19 May\u0131s\u2019ta Yunanistan\u2019da \u2018Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131 Anma G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019nde hat\u0131rlanan 1914-1923 Pontus Rum tehcirini yazd\u0131.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

YORGO DEM\u0130R<\/b><\/p>\n

Tarih olaylar\u0131n\u0131n devlet ideolojileri\u00a0\u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u015fekillendirilmesi, fiili tarih ile yaz\u0131ya d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f resmi\u00a0tarih aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131klara, hatta \u00e7o\u011fu kez bozulmalara yol a\u00e7ar. Ortaya konan ger\u00e7eklik, devletler taraf\u0131ndan yeniden anlamland\u0131r\u0131lan kavramlarla kendini g\u00f6steren bir yan\u0131lsamadan ibarettir. \u00a0Tarih sahnesi, halklar\u0131n maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yan\u0131lsamalarla doludur. Mesela, modern Yunanistan’\u0131n\u00a0 kurulmas\u0131na vesile olan ve boyunduruk alt\u0131nda\u00a0 ya\u015faman\u0131n reddedildi\u011fi 1821 Yunan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’deki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131’ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 simgeleyen “Yunan isyan\u0131”d\u0131r. \u00a0Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn rotas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerken Yunan halk\u0131 \u00fczerine bir felaket (K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya felaketi) olarak\u00a0 \u00e7\u00f6kmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde kutlanan 19 May\u0131s, T\u00fcrkiye’deki anlam\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n belli yerlerinde, \u00f6zellikle Yunanistan’da yas anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Resmi bellekte Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn Samsun’a \u00e7\u0131karak Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn olarak yer alan 19 May\u0131s, T\u00fcrkiye’de \u2018Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fc Anma \u00a0Gen\u00e7lik\u00a0 ve Spor Bayram\u0131\u2019 olarak kutlan\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Yunanistan Parlamentosu, 24 \u015eubat 1994’te Pontus b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan Rum n\u00fcfusun J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler hareketi \u00f6nderli\u011finde 1914-1923 aras\u0131nda katline ve tehcirine at\u0131fta\u00a0bulunan \u00f6nergenin akabinde 19 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc \u2018Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131 Anma G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019 olarak oybirli\u011fiyle kabul etti. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Pontus Rum tehciri ve buna paralel Ermeni ve Asir-Suryani toplumlar\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen tehcir ve asimilasyon sinsilesi, san\u0131lan\u0131n aksine 1915’ten \u00f6nce Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131yla ba\u015fl\u0131yor. \u00a0<\/p>\n

Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 sonras\u0131 kaybedilen Balkan topraklar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7an M\u00fcsl\u00fcman muhacirlerin Rumlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015ftirilmesi ve Rum t\u00fcccarlardan mal al\u0131nmamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen propagandalarla say\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fczbinlere varan Rum n\u00fcfus, bir bu\u00e7uk ay gibi k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede Osmanl\u0131’dan yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yordu. Nitekim konunun, Rum k\u00f6kenli Ayd\u0131n\u00a0 milletvekili Emanuel Emanuelidi efendinin soru \u00f6nergesiyle 23 Haziran 1914 tarihli Meclis-i Mebusan oturumuna ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, d\u00f6nemin Zab\u0131t Ceridesi’ndeki kay\u0131tlardan \u00f6\u011freniyoruz. Hatta yine kay\u0131tlara g\u00f6re, tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n gerildi\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde Emanuel efendi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman vekiller taraf\u0131ndan “Yunan kafas\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mak”\u00a0 Rum n\u00fcfus da “Balkan sava\u015flar\u0131nda i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ilik yapmakla” su\u00e7lan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131’nda kaybedilen topraklar\u0131n faturas\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

O g\u00fcn tutulan meclis zab\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re tehcire giden yolda ilk ad\u0131mlar 1914’te at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oluyor. Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi ba\u015fta Rumlar olmak \u00fczere, \u00a0i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ilik bahanesiyle Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131’nda kaybedilen topraklar\u0131n faturas\u0131n\u0131 bir anlamda Gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimlere keserek \u0130ttihat ve Terakki’nin \u00f6nderli\u011finde k\u00f6klerinin kaz\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in eyleme ge\u00e7iyor. Zamanla sistematik bir hal alan bu eylemler \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri, tehcir, i\u015fkence, a\u00e7l\u0131k ve susuzluk y\u00f6ntemleriyle kendini g\u00f6sterirken di\u011fer yandan kendini savunabilecek durumdaki \u00a0gayr\u0131m\u00fcslim erkekler muafiyet bedeli \u00f6demi\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen askere, Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun amele taburlar\u0131na \u00f6lesiye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6nderiliyor, erkeksiz kalan Rum k\u00f6yleri de \u00e7etelere kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z kal\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Rumlara kar\u015f\u0131 tehciri tetikleyen \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda 1916’da Ruslar’\u0131n Karadeniz’deki Osmanl\u0131\u00a0topraklar\u0131na sald\u0131rmas\u0131 geliyor. Ba\u015fta Topal Osman ve \u0130psiz Recep’in ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u00e7eteleri Rum k\u00f6ylerine salmak ad\u0131na yeni bahaneler arayan Osmanl\u0131lar, da\u011fa ka\u00e7an Rumlar\u0131n silahland\u0131\u011f\u0131na, Rum \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in Rus ordusuyla i\u015fbirli\u011fine girildi\u011fine dair gerek\u00e7elerle \u00e7ete katliamlar\u0131n\u0131n me\u015fru k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rl\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Ruslar, denizden Trabzon liman\u0131n\u0131 topa tutarken, karadan Bat\u0131ya ilerleyi\u015fini Of s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na kadar geni\u015fletmi\u015f, ancak 1917 Ekim devrimi Ruslar\u0131n geri \u00e7ekilmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Rus i\u015fgalinin devam etti\u011fi\u00a01916 Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131nda tehcir ve yoketme politikas\u0131\u00a0Rus i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda Karadeniz\u2019de hayata ge\u00e7irildi ve b\u00f6ylece Pontus’taki Rumlar kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk g\u00f6zetmeksizin canlar\u0131na mal olacak kadar zor ko\u015fullara maruz b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131p, g\u00fcneye do\u011fru \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. Kurtulabilen Rumlar yukar\u0131 Pontus’a (SSCB) ve can havliyle silahlan\u0131p da\u011flara ka\u00e7arken, ileriki d\u00f6nemlerde topraklar\u0131n\u0131 terketmek istemeyenler\u00a0etnik ve dini k\u00f6keninden vazge\u00e7erek M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kimli\u011fi alt\u0131nda sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kripto bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek zorunda kal\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu olaylar geli\u015firken 1919 bahar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Mustafa Kemal\u2019i \u00a09. Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi g\u00f6reviyle Rumlarla alakal\u0131 durumu ara\u015ft\u0131rmak ve incelemek \u00fczere g\u00f6nderir.Bu d\u00f6nemle beraber b\u00f6lgesel ordu komutanl\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirilmeye ba\u015flar. \u00a0Haziran 1920’de Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’na kat\u0131lmak \u00fczere Anadolu’ya ge\u00e7en, Sakall\u0131 Nurettin Pa\u015fa olarak \u00fcnlenen Nurettin \u0130brahim Konyar, Aral\u0131k 1920 tarihinde Amasya’da Rumlara kar\u015f\u0131 kurulan 10,000 askerlik Merkez Ordusu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na atan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Konu hakk\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 yay\u0131mlanan gazeteci Leyla Poyraz ‘\u0131n aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Rum tehciri hakk\u0131nda Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerinde de kay\u0131tlar bulunuyor; \u201c\u00d6ncelikle 1916’da Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti (Meclisi Mebusan) \u2018Ermeni Tehciri\u2019nin ard\u0131ndan ikinci bir tehcir karar\u0131 ald\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmet \u2019\u2019sava\u015f alanlar\u0131na, askeri tesislere yak\u0131n ve casusluk faaliyetlerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Rum yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerini \u00f6ncelikli tahliye edilecek b\u00f6lgeler\u2019\u2019 olarak belirledi.\u201d Poyraz, d\u00f6neme ili\u015fkin olarak 2 Temmuz 1337 (1921) tarihli Bakanlar Kurulu karar\u0131yla Samsun, Amasya, Tokat ve Yozgat dolaylar\u0131ndaki Rumlar\u0131n askeri nedenlerle ba\u015fka yerlere s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmesinde ve uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda b\u00f6lgesel ordu kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funun Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Cumhuriyet ar\u015fivlerinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Canl\u0131 tan\u0131kl\u0131klar ve belgeler<\/b><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00f6rsel belgelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra canl\u0131 tan\u0131kl\u0131klar da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00a0trajedinin boyutlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi ta\u015f\u0131yor. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde vefat eden, \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn son tan\u0131klar\u0131ndan, \u2018Karadenizin Ads\u0131z K\u0131z\u0131\u2019 olarak bilinen Sano Halo’nun tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (Efthimia), k\u0131z\u0131 Thea Halo kaleme ald\u0131. Yol boyunca karde\u015fleri, annesi ve babas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zleri \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u015fahitlik eden Sano Halo\u2019nun k\u0131z\u0131, kitapta annesinin a\u011fz\u0131nda, 10 ya\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zor ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve ac\u0131 dolu anlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlt\u0131yor: “ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131m tamamen par\u00e7aland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00f6rt ayd\u0131r yoldayd\u0131k. Bu \u00e7orak arazilerde yal\u0131nayak y\u00fcr\u00fcmek cam par\u00e7alar\u0131 \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcmekle e\u015f anlaml\u0131yd\u0131. Yan\u0131m\u0131za ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yiyece\u011fimiz de t\u00fckenmi\u015fti. Her g\u00fcn yeni bir \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc daha getiriyor, her g\u00fcn bir beden \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmek \u00fczere yol kenar\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yordu\u201d<\/p>\n

20 Mart 1922’de Ingiliz\u00a0diplomat George W. Rendel Turkiye’de Hristiyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bu politikalar\u0131 bir muht\u0131rayla kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yordu: “30 Ekim 1918’de T\u00fcrklerle yap\u0131lan ate\u015fkesten sonra az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u00a0sava\u015f boyunca T\u00fcrkler tarafindan kovulma s\u00fcreci ge\u00e7ici bir zaman i\u00e7in\u00a0azalma g\u00f6stermi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor…\u00a0 Bu kovulmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilirken, aralar\u0131nda orant\u0131sal olarak\u00a0\u00e7ok az sayida insan\u0131n kurtuldu\u011fu\u00a0500.000’in \u00fczerinde Rumun s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildigi \u00a0kabul edilmektedir”.<\/p>\n

Hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda, 1913 ve 1916 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ABD’nin Osmanl\u0131 Devleti B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi\u00a0Henry Morgenthau “Her yerde Rumlar grup halinde toplat\u0131ld\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk jandarmalar\u0131n “korumas\u0131” alt\u0131nda i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgesine, b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 yaya olarak, nakledildi. Ka\u00e7 ki\u015finin bu \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin olarak bilinmemektedir, tahimleri 200.000 ile 1.000.000 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir”\u00a0diye yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Konu\u00a0 \u00fczerine bir \u00e7ok\u00a0 ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaz\u0131s\u0131\u00a0 yay\u0131nlayan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar Tamer \u00c7ilingir de verdi\u011fi bilgilerde Rumlar\u0131n 1914-1922 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Pontus haricinde \u0130stanbul ve G\u00fcney Marmara ile Ege, Akdeniz, \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu’da Konya hatta Erzincan’a varan\u00a0 b\u00f6lgelerden \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle tehcire maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor. \u00c7ilingir, \u2019\u2019Sevkiyat\u2019\u2019 diye bahsedilen s\u00fcrg\u00fcn \u00a0Karadeniz\u2019de, 1916 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 ortalar\u0131nda hayata ge\u00e7irildi. Da\u011flara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, gidenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bir daha geri d\u00f6nemeyecekti. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n onlara haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kader bununla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildi. Bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde var\u0131lacak yer \u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fc. 50 km. g\u00fcneye \u00e7ekilmeleri karar\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen katedecekleri yol kimi zaman 200 km. olmu\u015ftu” diyor.<\/p>\n

\u201cToplam 353 bin Rum soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131 \u201c<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7ilingir’in uluslararas\u0131 ar\u015fiv ve belgelere dayand\u0131rarak 1922 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00f6lenlerin say\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgelerine dair ortaya koydu\u011fu bilgiler \u015f\u00f6yle: “134.078 Amasya-Samsun-Giresun, 27.216 Niksar, 38.434 Trabzon, 64.582 Tokat, 17.479 Ma\u00e7ka, 21.448 \u015eebinkarahisar. 1923 y\u0131l\u0131 sonuna kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn Karadeniz\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri ve m\u00fcbadele esnas\u0131nda katledilen 50 bin ki\u015fiyle birlikte toplam 353 bin Rum soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131”.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye ile Yunanistan, Herk\u00fcl Millas’\u0131n da s\u00f6yledi\u011fi\u00a0 gibi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 kazand\u0131klar\u0131 sava\u015flarla ilan etmi\u015f\u00a0 kom\u015fu iki \u00fclke.\u00a0 \u0130ki devletin siyasi m\u00fccadelelerinden fazlas\u0131yla zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f halklar\u0131 ile her iki yakadaki az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r i\u00e7i\u00e7e ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye devam ediyor.\u00a0\u00a0 G\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki\u00a0 bir\u00a0 \u00fclkeyi\u00a0 zafere ta\u015f\u0131yan\u00a0 s\u00fcre\u00e7 di\u011fer \u00fclkenin ac\u0131 kay\u0131plar\u0131na vesile olabiliyor.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn Karadeniz’de halihaz\u0131rdaki\u00a0 \u00e7o\u011fu k\u00f6yde\u00a0 Pontus Rumcas\u0131n\u0131n konu\u015fuluyor olmas\u0131, \u00a0ya\u015f\u0131 \u00a060-70’lerin \u00fczerindeki\u00a0 \u00e7o\u011fu insan\u0131n bu dili iyi biliyor ve kullan\u0131yor olmas\u0131, bir\u00e7ok yeti\u015fkin\u00a0 Rum erke\u011finin amele taburlar\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Rum \u00e7etelerinin\u00a0 ortada ter\u00f6r estirme ihtimalinin ne kadar\u00a0 kuvvetli oldu\u011fu sorusu , ya\u015fayan, g\u00f6ren, duyan canl\u0131 tan\u0131kl\u0131klar ve sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi ile sonras\u0131 b\u00f6lgedeki Rum n\u00fcfusa ait kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 kay\u0131tlar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda halklar\u0131n maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 resmi ideolojinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yan\u0131lsamaya dair bir kez daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeliyiz.<\/p>\n

Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve Uluslararas\u0131 Tan\u0131nma <\/b><\/p>\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler’in 1948 tarihli \u2018Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n \u00d6nlenmesi ve Cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi’ne g\u00f6re bir eylemin soyk\u0131r\u0131m olarak nitelendirilebilmesi i\u00e7in, belirli bir insan toplulu\u011funun; milliyeti, \u0131rk\u0131, etnik k\u00f6keni veya dini dolay\u0131s\u0131yla t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ya da bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yok edilmesi niyetinin bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 2. maddesi soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u201culusal, etnik, \u0131rksal ve dinsel bir grubun b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn ya da bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yok edilmesi niyetiyle giri\u015filen \u015fu hareketlerden herhangi biridir: grubun \u00fcyelerinin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi; grubun \u00fcyelerine ciddi bedensel ya da zihinsel hasar verilmesi; grubun ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n bunun grubun b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne ya da bir k\u0131sm\u0131na getirece\u011fi fiziksel y\u0131k\u0131m hesaplanarak kasti olarak bozulmas\u0131; grup i\u00e7inde do\u011fumlar\u0131 engelleyecek y\u00f6ntemlerin uygulanmas\u0131; [ve] \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n zorla bir gruptan al\u0131n\u0131p bir di\u011ferine verilmesi\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n

“Soyk\u0131r\u0131m”\u00a0 teriminden \u00f6nce “\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131\u00a0 i\u015flenen su\u00e7” terimi kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. K\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011frayanlar\u0131n davas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesindeki esas problem ise\u00a0 “nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege<\/i>“c\u00fcmlesi ile a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Yani \u00f6nceden y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan bir kanun olmad\u0131k\u00e7a ortada i\u015flenmi\u015f bir su\u00e7, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla cezai kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yoktur. O d\u00f6nem\u00a0 soyk\u0131r\u0131m terimi\u00a0 kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in su\u00e7u\u00a0 i\u015fleyenler i\u00e7in yarg\u0131lama ya da cezan\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusu mu\u011flakt\u0131r. Ne var ki ceza kanunu san\u0131klar\u0131n\u00a0 adaletli\u00a0 yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in\u00a0 geriye\u00a0 do\u011fru\u00a0 i\u015fletilememektedir. Di\u011fer yandan t\u00fcm hukuki \u00e7er\u00e7evelerde cinayetin cezai kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmaktadir.\u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de kabul edilmese de 1914-1922 d\u00f6nemi \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk soyk\u0131r\u0131m vakalar\u0131ndan biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Uluslararas\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar ve bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkenin devlet ar\u015fivlerinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7la alakal\u0131 tan\u0131kl\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

24 Subat 1994’te Yunanistan Parlamentosu Mustafa Kemal’in\u00a0 Samsun’a varm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu 19 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131 Anma G\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0 olarak oybirli\u011fiyle kabul etti.<\/p>\n

2007 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda ise Uluslararas\u0131 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 Birli\u011fi (IAGS) Rum soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131yla birlikte Suryanilerin de soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 resmen tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten bir bildiri yayinladi .<\/p>\n

\u0130sve\u00e7 \u00a0Parlamentosu 11 Mart 201’da Ermeni, Rum ve Asuri-S\u00fcryanilere soyk\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti.<\/p>\n

Avustralya Parlamentosu May\u0131s 2013’te Rum soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 Suryanilere yap\u0131lan soyk\u0131r\u0131mla birlikte Rum soyk\u0131rm\u0131n\u0131 da tan\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n

ABD’nin New Jersey, G\u00fcney Karolina, Florida Massachusetts,, Pennsylvania, ve Illinois eyaletleri de bu soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/belgeler-ve-tanikliklarla-19141923-pontus-rum-tehciri-7331.html<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yorgo Demir, resmi tarihin sakl\u0131 k\u00f6\u015felere itti\u011fi, 19 May\u0131s\u2019ta Yunanistan\u2019da \u2018Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131 Anma G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019nde hat\u0131rlanan 1914-1923 Pontus Rum tehcirini yazd\u0131. YORGO DEM\u0130R Tarih olaylar\u0131n\u0131n devlet ideolojileri\u00a0\u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u015fekillendirilmesi, fiili tarih ile yaz\u0131ya d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f resmi\u00a0tarih aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131klara, hatta \u00e7o\u011fu kez bozulmalara yol a\u00e7ar. Ortaya konan ger\u00e7eklik, devletler taraf\u0131ndan yeniden anlamland\u0131r\u0131lan kavramlarla kendini g\u00f6steren bir yan\u0131lsamadan ibarettir. \u00a0Tarih […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,26,37,42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nBelgeler ve tan\u0131kl\u0131klarla 1914-1923 Pontus Rum Tehciri - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/06\/03\/belgeler-ve-tanikliklarla-1914-1923-pontus-rum-tehciri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Belgeler ve tan\u0131kl\u0131klarla 1914-1923 Pontus Rum Tehciri - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yorgo Demir, resmi tarihin sakl\u0131 k\u00f6\u015felere itti\u011fi, 19 May\u0131s\u2019ta Yunanistan\u2019da \u2018Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131 Anma G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019nde hat\u0131rlanan 1914-1923 Pontus Rum tehcirini yazd\u0131. 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YORGO DEM\u0130R Tarih olaylar\u0131n\u0131n devlet ideolojileri\u00a0\u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u015fekillendirilmesi, fiili tarih ile yaz\u0131ya d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f resmi\u00a0tarih aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131klara, hatta \u00e7o\u011fu kez bozulmalara yol a\u00e7ar. Ortaya konan ger\u00e7eklik, devletler taraf\u0131ndan yeniden anlamland\u0131r\u0131lan kavramlarla kendini g\u00f6steren bir yan\u0131lsamadan ibarettir. \u00a0Tarih […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/06\/03\/belgeler-ve-tanikliklarla-1914-1923-pontus-rum-tehciri\/","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2014-06-03T06:49:29+00:00","og_image":[{"width":220,"height":320,"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2014\/06\/Pontus-Rum-Tehciri.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"kalem","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"kalem","Est. reading time":"11 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/06\/03\/belgeler-ve-tanikliklarla-1914-1923-pontus-rum-tehciri\/","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/06\/03\/belgeler-ve-tanikliklarla-1914-1923-pontus-rum-tehciri\/","name":"Belgeler ve tan\u0131kl\u0131klarla 1914-1923 Pontus Rum Tehciri - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/06\/03\/belgeler-ve-tanikliklarla-1914-1923-pontus-rum-tehciri\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/06\/03\/belgeler-ve-tanikliklarla-1914-1923-pontus-rum-tehciri\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/Pontus-Rum-Tehciri.jpg","datePublished":"2014-06-03T06:49:29+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#\/schema\/person\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/06\/03\/belgeler-ve-tanikliklarla-1914-1923-pontus-rum-tehciri\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/06\/03\/belgeler-ve-tanikliklarla-1914-1923-pontus-rum-tehciri\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/06\/03\/belgeler-ve-tanikliklarla-1914-1923-pontus-rum-tehciri\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/Pontus-Rum-Tehciri.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/Pontus-Rum-Tehciri.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/06\/03\/belgeler-ve-tanikliklarla-1914-1923-pontus-rum-tehciri\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Belgeler ve tan\u0131kl\u0131klarla 1914-1923 Pontus Rum Tehciri"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#\/schema\/person\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c","name":"kalem","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a06875e4b25feb5674296adf8e8a7ae1e587cebce2493fe63c456109967e27d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a06875e4b25feb5674296adf8e8a7ae1e587cebce2493fe63c456109967e27d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"kalem"},"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/author\/kalem\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30172"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30172\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}