Van Vilayeti \/ Eyaleti \/ Kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 \/ Pa\u015fal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcney k\u0131sm\u0131nda bulunan bir eyalettir. Van Vilayeti, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrklerce zaptedilmesinden sonra 1555 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130ran aras\u0131nda imzalanan Amasya Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesiyle olu\u015ftu. 19. as\u0131r\u0131n sonlar\u0131na kadar idari de\u011fi\u015fikliklere u\u011frad\u0131, eyalet, pa\u015fal\u0131k gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli adlar ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131, 1897-1902 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ise tespit edilmi\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7ine al\u0131nd\u0131. Merkezi Van kentiydi. Vilayet, kuzeyde Erzurum, kuzeybat\u0131 ve bat\u0131da Bitlis, g\u00fcneyde Musul vilayetleri, do\u011fuda ise \u0130ran ile s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f idi. Van Vilayeti, ba\u015fl\u0131ca olarak Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Vaspurakan b\u00f6lgesini, Turuberan b\u00f6lgesinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131, Van G\u00f6l\u00fc havzas\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Dicle ile B\u00fcy\u00fck Zab nehirlerinin baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 tutar. 20. as\u0131r\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Van Vilayeti\u2019nde say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok kaza ve nahiyesi vard\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde eyaletin y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc\u00a0 yakla\u015f\u0131k 39.000 km\u00b2 olurken 2279 belde ve k\u00f6y bulunurdu. N\u00fcfusun say\u0131m\u0131 ve ulusal bile\u015fimine dair veriler \u00e7eli\u015fkilidir. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan say\u0131ma g\u00f6re burada toplam 440 bin ki\u015fi ikamet ederken n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7o\u011fu Ermeni idi. K\u00fcrt, T\u00fcrk, Asuri, \u00c7ingene ve ba\u015fka milletler de vard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Van Vilayeti\u2019nin topraklar\u0131 genellikle da\u011fl\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu eyalette bir\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tarla ve ova da bulunur. Yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u015fekilleri \u00e7e\u015fitli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in iklimi \u00e7e\u015fitlidir. Ova, tarla ve da\u011f eteklerinde hububat, sebze, \u00fcz\u00fcm, sigara, pamuk ve meyve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 yeti\u015ftirilirdi. Artamet elmas\u0131, Van \u015feftalisi ve kay\u0131s\u0131s\u0131, \u015eatakh cevizi pek tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1890\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re Van Vilayeti\u2019nde 1 milyon 200 bin pud hububat yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Artske kazas\u0131nda hububat\u0131n en iyi \u00e7e\u015fitleri yeti\u015ftiriliyordu. Vanl\u0131lar vilayetin da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ba\u015f hayvan yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fiyle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yordu. At yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi, ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k da yayg\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Eyalet, sulanan sular\u0131 ve maden kaynaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da zengindir. Vilayette Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ar\u00e7ak ve Nazik g\u00f6lleri de bulunur. Van G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019nde yeti\u015fen inci kefali bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tuzlanm\u0131\u015f \u015fekilde kom\u015fu ve uzak kazalara sat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131, Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da ise yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelere de ihra\u00e7 edilirdi. \u0130\u015fletilebilir topraklar\u0131 7000 hektara kadar olurken bunlar\u0131n % 95\u2019inde hububat yeti\u015ftirilirdi.<\/p>\n
Vilayette bak\u0131r, ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, petrol, demir, alt\u0131n, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, yemek tuzu, in\u015faat ta\u015f ve kumlar\u0131 yataklar\u0131 var. Maden ve gayri madenlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00fcretilmez, yemek tuzu, in\u015faat ta\u015f ve kumlar\u0131 ise eskimi\u015f ve basit bi\u00e7imlerde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Van, vilayetin ticaret ve zanaat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k merkezi olurken Berkri, Ar\u00e7e\u015f, Artske ve Vostan\u2019da da zanaat ile ticaret geli\u015fmi\u015fti. Ermeni zanaatkarlar\u0131n eserleri Ermenistan genelinde tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Vanl\u0131lar, Kar\u00e7kan ve Gava\u015f ormanlar\u0131nda odun k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fcretirdi.<\/p>\n
20. as\u0131r\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Van Vilayeti\u2019nin 500 bini a\u015fk\u0131n Ermeni ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k n\u00fcfusu olan y\u00fczlerce k\u00f6y ile beldede 33 manast\u0131r ve 750 sa\u011flam veya T\u00fcrk ile K\u00fcrtlerce y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da camiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f kilise var. 1915-1916 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce bu manast\u0131r ile kiliseler biti\u015fi\u011finde Ermeni okullar\u0131 bulunurdu. Vilayetteki kiliseler aras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Akhtamar adas\u0131ndaki Surb Kha\u00e7 kilisesi, Metsopa ile Nareka manast\u0131rlar\u0131 ve Van \u015fehrindeki kiliseler kayda de\u011fer. Vilayette eski Van kalesi ve ba\u015fka tarihi eserler, say\u0131s\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1895-1896 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Ermenilere kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen k\u0131r\u0131mlar ve \u00f6zellikle 1915 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda burada binlerce Ermeni \u015fehit oldu, \u00e7o\u011fu Ermeni de zorla m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Van Vilayeti\u2019nde ya\u015fayan Ermeniler, T\u00fcrk zul\u00fcmlerine kar\u015f\u0131 e\u015fitsiz bir m\u00fccadele yap\u0131yordu. 1915\u2019te Van \u015fehrinin Aygestan mahallesi bu m\u00fccadelenin merkezi oldu. Van kenti ve civar\u0131ndaki kasabalardan Aygestan mahalesinde bir araya gelen Ermenilerin g\u00f6sterdikleri direni\u015f sonucunda say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok Ermeni katliamdan kurtar\u0131labilip Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019a gitti. Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 200 bin civar\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bunlar aras\u0131nda Ermenilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Asuri, Yezidi ve K\u00fcrtler de bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n
1920\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Van Vilayeti\u2019nde art\u0131k Ermeni yokken n\u00fcfus say\u0131s\u0131 200.000 ki\u015fiye ula\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Van Vilayeti \/ Eyaleti \/ Kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 \/ Pa\u015fal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcney k\u0131sm\u0131nda bulunan bir eyalettir. Van Vilayeti, Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrklerce zaptedilmesinden sonra 1555 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130ran aras\u0131nda imzalanan Amasya Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesiyle olu\u015ftu. 19. as\u0131r\u0131n sonlar\u0131na kadar idari de\u011fi\u015fikliklere u\u011frad\u0131, eyalet, pa\u015fal\u0131k gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli adlar ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131, 1897-1902 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ise tespit edilmi\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7ine al\u0131nd\u0131. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bati-ermenistanin-illeri"],"yoast_head":"\n