{"id":28584,"date":"2014-02-24T09:38:05","date_gmt":"2014-02-24T14:38:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=28584"},"modified":"2014-02-24T09:38:05","modified_gmt":"2014-02-24T14:38:05","slug":"mondros-mutarekesinin-imzalanmasi-sonrasinda-turkiye-siyasi-ortami-ermeni-soykiriminin-osmanli-basininda-irdelenmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/02\/24\/mondros-mutarekesinin-imzalanmasi-sonrasinda-turkiye-siyasi-ortami-ermeni-soykiriminin-osmanli-basininda-irdelenmesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nin imzalanmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye siyasi ortam\u0131. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, Osmanl\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131nda irdelenmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Meline<\/a>Meline Anumyan<\/b><\/p>\n

Tarih doktoru<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan yenik \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 sonucunda \u00fclkede a\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlar olu\u015fur. 15 Eyl\u00fcl 1918 tarihinde m\u00fcttefik devletlerin ordular\u0131 Makedonya\u2019da cepheyi yar\u0131p \u0130stanbul i\u00e7in do\u011frudan bir tehdit olu\u015fturduklar\u0131nda, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 liderler bar\u0131\u015f dile\u011finde bulunur, fakat m\u00fcttefikler onlarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde bulunmak istemez[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

7 Ekim 1918 tarihinde Talat Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmeti istifas\u0131n\u0131 verir. Kas\u0131m 1\u2019i 2\u2019ye ba\u011flayan gece, i\u00e7lerinde ba\u015fbakan Talat ile Enver, Cemal, Doktor Naz\u0131m gibi bakanlar, Te\u015fkil\u00e2t-\u0131 Mahsusa liderlerinden Bahaettin \u015eakir, polis \u015fefleri Bedri ve Azmi\u2019nin bulundu\u011fu yedi \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 lider, bir Alman denizalt\u0131s\u0131yla Odessa\u2019ya, oradan da Almanya\u2019ya ka\u00e7ar[2]<\/a>. 30 Ekim 1918 tarihinde m\u00fcttefik devletlerle yap\u0131lan ate\u015fkes antla\u015fmas\u0131, 19 Ekim 1918 tarihinde meclisten onay alan yeni sadrazam (ba\u015fbakan) Ahmet \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan Mondros\u2019ta imzalan\u0131r[3]<\/a>. Ahmet \u0130zzet\u2019in, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n imhas\u0131 da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 hesap verme endi\u015fesiyle h\u00fck\u00fcmet y\u00f6netiminde \u201ckendi adam\u0131n\u0131n\u201d bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n giri\u015fimiyle sadrazam g\u00f6revine tayin edilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir[4]<\/a>. M\u00fcttefik devletlerin ordular\u0131, ate\u015fkes antla\u015fmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde \u0130stanbul\u2019a girerek Osmanl\u0131 devleti topraklar\u0131n\u0131 denetim alt\u0131na almaya ba\u015flar. Ate\u015fkes antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n beklenildi\u011fi kadar a\u011f\u0131r olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve toplumu, nihai bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131 maddelerinin nas\u0131l olaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda endi\u015feli bir bekleyi\u015f i\u00e7indeydi[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Yeni ba\u015fbakan Ahmet \u0130zzet taraf\u0131ndan 19 Ekim 1918 tarihinde Osmanl\u0131 meclisine sunulan programda, sava\u015f s\u00fcresince \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen siyasetle ilgili herhangi bir tenkit yer almamakta, \u201ctehcir olay\u0131\u201d dahi, \u201csava\u015f durumu gere\u011fi\u201d olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktayd\u0131[6]<\/a>. Ahmet \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n, ittihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n soru\u015fturulmas\u0131na engel olmakla kalmay\u0131p, canilere y\u00f6nelik soru\u015fturma imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak olan t\u00fcm belgelerin de imha edilmesini emretmi\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir[7]<\/a>. Sadrazam tayin edilmesinin akabinde, Te\u015fkil\u00e2t-\u0131 Mahsusa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 durdurarak, te\u015fkilat\u0131n t\u00fcm ar\u015fivinin imha edilmesi emrini verir ve Ermeni katliamlar\u0131yla ilgili aranan \u015f\u00fcphelilerin \u0130stanbul\u2019dan serbest\u00e7e uzakla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar[8]<\/a>. \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa kabinesinde adalet, bahriye ve i\u00e7i\u015fleri bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi stratejik g\u00f6revlere tayin edilen en az\u0131ndan 4 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ittihat\u00e7\u0131 bulunmaktayd\u0131. Bunlar, i\u00e7i\u015fleri bakan\u0131 Ali Fethi Okyar, daha \u00f6nce \u015feyh\u00fclislaml\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f olan adalet bakan\u0131 Hayri Efendi, bahriye bakan\u0131 Rauf Orbay ve maliye bakan\u0131 Cavit Bey\u2019di[9]<\/a>. Dahas\u0131, \u0130zzet\u2019ten \u00f6nce sadrazam g\u00f6revi teklif edilen Ahmet Tevfik Pa\u015fa\u2019ya Talat taraf\u0131ndan, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin iki \u00fcyesini, \u00f6zelikle de Cavit\u2019i kabinesine d\u00e2hil etmesi \u015fart\u0131 ko\u015fulur, fakat Tevfik, \u00fcst d\u00fczey ittihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetine d\u00e2hil etmeyi onaylamaz ve bask\u0131lara dayanamay\u0131p sadrazaml\u0131k \u00f6nerisini geri \u00e7evirdi\u011finden dolay\u0131 Ahmet \u0130zzet ba\u015fbakan tayin edilir[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar ve cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde milletvekilli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f olan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f gazeteci ve ittihat\u00e7\u0131 Yunus Nadi Abal\u0131o\u011flu, Talat\u2019\u0131n istifa etmesinden \u00f6nce iki \u015fey elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Biri, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 her ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun korumak, ikincisi ise, yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmetin tesad\u00fcf\u00fc olmamas\u0131[11]<\/a>. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, haliyle, sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen canilikler, \u00f6zellikle de Ermeni tehcirinden dolay\u0131 hesap vermekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmak niyetinden kaynaklanmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Mondros Ate\u015fkesi\u2019nin imzalanmas\u0131ndan iki g\u00fcn sonra, 1 Kas\u0131m 1918 tarihinde \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin kurultay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 120 delege, parti merkez komitesi taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan ve kurultaya takdim edilen tasar\u0131dan habersiz, Talat\u2019\u0131 dinlemekteydi. Talat, partinin Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131ndan (1912-1913) bu yana ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi faaliyetlerini ve Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcresinde Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun durumunu ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde sunar. Kurultay, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin feshedilmesine ve partinin t\u00fcm mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, yeni kurulacak olan Tecedd\u00fct (yenilik) partisine devredilmesine karar verir[12]<\/a>. Bu d\u00f6nemi incelemi\u015f olan T\u00fcrk tarih\u00e7i O. S. Kocahano\u011flu\u2019na g\u00f6re bu karar, kurultay \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 liderlerinin g\u00fcnler \u00f6nce yapm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131, kendilerinin ve partinin durumunu ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tart\u0131\u015farak, sadece 5-6 ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan bilinen, \u00fclkeden ka\u00e7ma planlar\u0131n\u0131 dahi haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131 gizli toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n neticesinde olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur[13]<\/a>. 1918 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131n 1\u2019ini 2\u2019ye ba\u011flayan gece Talat\u2019la birlikte uzakla\u015fan parti merkez komitesi \u00fcyesi Doktor Naz\u0131m, parti merkez komitesinin t\u00fcm belgelerini de yan\u0131nda g\u00f6t\u00fcrerek, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019yla ilgili t\u00fcm belgeleri b\u00f6ylece ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[14]<\/a>. Yeni kurulacak olan Tecedd\u00fct Partisi\u2019nin ismi, t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve partinin \u00e7ekirde\u011fini olu\u015fturacak ki\u015filerin isimleri dahi \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015fti[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonra \u00fclkenin i\u00e7 siyasi hayat\u0131nda olu\u015fan kayg\u0131 verici durumun h\u00e2s\u0131l olmas\u0131 ve k\u00f6t\u00fcmser \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclerle ilgili, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ve partinin Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 konusunda sahip oldu\u011fu sorumluluk durumu \u00f6nemli rol oynamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

29 Eyl\u00fcl-9 Ekim 1911 tarihlerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc kurultay\u0131, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 tarihinde \u00f6zel bir yere sahiptir. Parti delegelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131, bu kongre esnas\u0131nda, imparatorlu\u011fun Osmanl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in tek bir yolun var oldu\u011fu, bunun ise T\u00fcrk olmayan halklar\u0131n zorunlu asimilasyonu oldu\u011funu onaylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[16]<\/a>. Bu kongrenin kapal\u0131 oturumu esnas\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu halklar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6ncelikle de Ermenilerin ve Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n (Rumlar\u0131n) zorunlu T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmesi program\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesiyle ilgili ve halk\u0131n zorunlu tehciri ile tehcir yolunda veya var\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131nda yok edilmesiyle ilgili somut projeler belirlenmi\u015ftir[17]<\/a>. Ermeni tarih\u00e7i A. G. Avagyan\u2019\u0131n belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, \u201cBat\u0131 Ermenistan halk\u0131n\u0131n imha edilmesi program\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtimalle, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n 1913 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n bahar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri merkez komitesi oturumunda son \u015feklini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Balkan sava\u015flar\u0131ndaki yenilgi, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, hi\u00e7 de\u011filse Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n da d\u00e2hil oldu\u011fu, imparatorlu\u011fun K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kaybetmemek i\u00e7in daha 1911 y\u0131l\u0131 kurultay\u0131nda radikal \u00f6nlem olarak kabul edilen T\u00fcrk olmayanlar\u0131n tehcir edilmesine ba\u015fvurmaya iten 1913 y\u0131l\u0131, bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur[19]<\/a>. Bunun haricinde, 1913 Oca\u011f\u0131nda askeri darbe neticesinde kati h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015fan ve \u00f6zellikle ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n 11 Haziran\u0131nda sadrazam Mahmut \u015eevket Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi sonras\u0131nda \u00fclkede diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck tesis etmi\u015f olan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda tespit edilen planlar\u0131n\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irme imk\u00e2n\u0131 elde eder. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ise Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 f\u0131rsat yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ermenilerin ilk tehciri 2 Mart 1915 tarihinde D\u00f6rtyol Ermenilerinin g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmesiyle[20]<\/a> ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a \u201chukuki g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u201d sa\u011flama niyetiyle \u201cge\u00e7ici\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ve daha Meclisin onay\u0131na sunulmadan \u00f6nce Sadrazam Sait Halim Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan imzalanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olan \u201cTehcir Kanun-\u0131 Muvakkat\u201d kanunu 27 May\u0131s 1915[21]<\/a> tarihinde yay\u0131nlan\u0131r[22]<\/a>. D\u00f6rt maddeden[23]<\/a> olu\u015fan bu kanunun tam olarak \u201cVakt-i Seferde \u0130cra\u00e2t-\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmete Kar\u015f\u0131 Gelenler \u0130\u00e7in Cihet-i Askeriyece \u0130ttih\u00e2z Olunacak Ted\u00e2bir Hakk\u0131nda Kanun-\u0131 Muvakkat\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktayd\u0131[24]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkolog R. A. Safrastyan taraf\u0131ndan belirtilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, yukar\u0131da belirtilen kanunun aceleyle haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle 3 m\u00fcttefik devlet olan Rusya, B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya ve Fransa h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri taraf\u0131ndan 24 May\u0131s 1915 tarihinde Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na verilen ve Ermeni katliamlar\u0131n\u0131n sert bir \u015fekilde telin edildi\u011fi nota rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cTalat, bu caniliklerin t\u00fcm su\u00e7unun kendi \u00fczerine kalaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda endi\u015felenmekteydi. Bundan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in, tek ba\u015f\u0131na sorumlu olma tehlikesinden ka\u00e7\u0131narak, katillerin sorumlulu\u011funu, h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131tarak, kolektife d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecek bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olu\u015fturdu\u201d[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Talat, \u201cTehcir\u201d kanununun kabul edilmesinden sonra bir kereden iki amaca ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak Ermeni tehciri, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc ve katliamlar\u0131na hukuki bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm sunmak ve katliamlar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu sadece h\u00fck\u00fcmet ile \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin \u00fcst d\u00fczey y\u00f6neticilerine y\u00fckleyerek, partiyi d\u0131\u015far\u0131da tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, ilerde sorumluluktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak isteyen Talat Pa\u015fa, tehciri \u201chakl\u0131 k\u0131lmak\u201d amac\u0131yla 1916 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u00e7i\u015fleri bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 eliyle \u201cErmeni Komitelerinin Am\u00e2l ve Harek\u00e2t-\u0131 \u0130htil\u00e2liyyesi \u0130l\u00e2n-\u0131 Me\u015frutiyetten Evvel ve Sonra\u201d (\u0130stanbul, 1916) kitab\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlar[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Talat, hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re \u201cPrensip olarak, ihtar mahiyetli askeri \u00f6nlemler haricinde ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir niyet g\u00fctmeyen tehcir, vicdans\u0131z ve zay\u0131f karakterli insanlar sayesinde faciaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Belirtmek isterim ki, s\u0131rf bu olaylar sebebiyle t\u00fcm h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi Merkez Komitesi\u2019ni ve bu olayla hi\u00e7bir ilgisi bulunmayan \u00fcyeleri su\u00e7lamak, haks\u0131zl\u0131k ve bencilliktir. \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin komite \u00fcyeleri, Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan ameliyeler nedeniyle son derece m\u00fcteessir olup, olaylar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli olarak h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r\u201d[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cTehcir kanununun\u201d kendisi taraf\u0131ndan \u015fahsen haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 olgusunu \u00e7arp\u0131tan Talat, an\u0131lar\u0131nda kendisini aklamaya ve sorumlulu\u011fu ordunun genelkurmay\u0131na atmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u201cBundan sonra genelkurmay taraf\u0131ndan \u201cErmeni tehciri\u201d kanunu haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ve bakanlar kuruluna sunulur. Bu kanunun tamam\u0131yla uygulanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131yd\u0131m. Jandarmalar tamamen, polisler ise k\u0131smen orduya d\u00e2hil edilmi\u015fler onlar\u0131n yerini yar\u0131-askeri g\u00fc\u00e7ler alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tehcirin, bu \u015fartlarda uygulanmas\u0131 durumunda, \u00e7ok \u00e7irkin sonu\u00e7lara varaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyordum. Bu y\u00fczden, gelece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek, bu kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmemesi konusunda inat ettim ve bu kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesini erteledim\u201d[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

H\u00e2lbuki kan\u0131tlar\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 plan\u0131, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlan\u0131p, t\u00fcm h\u00fck\u00fcmet erk\u00e2n\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu durum, herkes taraf\u0131ndan bilinmekteydi. Bu c\u00fcr\u00fcm, o denli barizdi ki, sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde zorunlu olarak sessizli\u011fini korumu\u015f olan Osmanl\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden sonra Ermenilerin imha edilmesi olgusunu aktif bir \u015fekilde tart\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. Zaman\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u0130stanbul\u2019da farkl\u0131 dillerde yay\u0131nlanan gazetelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131, Ermenilerin tehcir edilip katledilmelerini betimleyen anlat\u0131lar ve a\u00e7\u0131klayan yaz\u0131lara b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda yer verir[29]<\/a>. Bir dizi Osmanl\u0131 gazetelerinde Ermenilere yap\u0131lanlar lanetle an\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. G\u00f6rg\u00fc \u015fahitlerine de bas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli yer verilmi\u015f ve Osmanl\u0131 gazeteleri, baz\u0131 su\u00e7lular\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r[30]<\/a>. Bunun haricinde, bu sorunlar, farkl\u0131 gazeteler aras\u0131nda sert tart\u0131\u015fmalara sebep olmu\u015ftur[31]<\/a>. Bu d\u00f6nemde, Ahmet Refik\u2019in (Alt\u0131nay) \u201c\u0130ki Komite, \u0130ki K\u0131tal\u201d, \u0130stanbul, 1919 ve Hasan Amca\u2019n\u0131\u0131n \u201cTehcirin Ger\u00e7ek Y\u00fcz\u00fc, \u00c7erkes Hasan Bey\u2019in Hat\u0131ralar\u0131\u201d, Alemdar<\/i>, 19-27 Haziran 1919 benzeri, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n, Ermenileri imha siyasetini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yay\u0131nlan\u0131r[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6nemin Osmanl\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan \u00e7ok say\u0131da makalede, \u0130ttihat\u2019\u0131n, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 konusundaki sorumlulu\u011fu vurgulan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cAlemdar\u201d gazetesinin redakt\u00f6r\u00fc Refi Cevat Ulunay, 28 Mart 1919 tarihinde yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cTehcir ve Katliamlarla \u0130lgili\u201d makalesinde, katliamlarla ilgili olarak, haberdar olup, engellemeyenler d\u00e2hil, t\u00fcm \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n su\u00e7lu olduklar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak, \u201c\u00c7etenin (\u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019ni ima etmektedir-M.A.) i\u00e7inde olup, tehcir ve katliamlar konusunda su\u00e7lu olmayan \u00e7ok az ki\u015fi tan\u0131maktay\u0131z. Bu cinayetleri i\u015fleyenler su\u00e7ludur, onlara alet olanlar da su\u00e7ludur, sessiz olanlar da. Tehcir ve katliamlar, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00fcrpertici trajedidir. \u00dclke a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc duymamak, insanl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan nefret etmemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Sessizlik, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc sessizlik korumak da, katletmek gibi bir c\u00fcr\u00fcm de\u011fil midir?\u201d[33]<\/a>,- demektedir.<\/p>\n

Ate\u015fkesten sonra, T\u00fcrk bas\u0131n\u0131 ve toplumunda, \u00f6zellikle Talat ve \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 di\u011fer liderlerin \u00fclkeden gizlice ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ilgili b\u00fcy\u00fck bir protesto ve tenkit dalgas\u0131 ba\u015f g\u00f6sterir. Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 V. Dad\u0131ryan\u2019\u0131n belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, Osmanl\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131nda ba\u015f g\u00f6steren bu gecikmi\u015f teess\u00fcf ve ac\u0131 g\u00f6steriminin sebebi yenilginin haricinde, kendilerini de kurban olarak g\u00f6sterme denemesinden kaynaklanmaktayd\u0131[34]<\/a>. H\u00e2lbuki Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 esnas\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Meclisi ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile adalet bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 koltuklar\u0131nda bulunmu\u015f olan Halil Mente\u015fe, \u201cBu tehcir i\u015fiyle al\u00e2kadar olmayan T\u00fcrk Anadolu\u2019da pek azd\u0131r\u201d[35]<\/a>,- diye an\u0131lar\u0131nda itiraf etmekteydi. Mente\u015fe\u2019nin ada\u015f\u0131, Enver\u2019in amcas\u0131 ve 19 Nisan 1919\u2019da alt\u0131nc\u0131 ordu komutan\u0131 tayin edilen bir di\u011fer Halil, Halil Pa\u015fa (Hali Kut), \u201cBekira\u011fa B\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d adl\u0131 tutukevinde, \u0130ngiliz komutan\u0131n, 300 bin Ermeni\u2019nin katliyle ilgili sorusuna, yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak \u201c300.000 Ermeni\u2026 Fazla veya eksik olabilir. Saymad\u0131m. Devletime kar\u015f\u0131 nerede isyan ettilerse ihtiyat kuvvetlerimle tenkil ve tedip ettim. Nerede isyanlar\u0131 muhtemel ise tehcirlerini m\u00fclk\u00ee makamlara emrettim ve tehcir ettirdim\u201d[36]<\/a>,- diye cevaplamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ate\u015fkesi takip eden ilk aylarda, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu m\u00fcttefik devletlerin karar\u0131n\u0131 beklerken, Osmanl\u0131 toplumunda \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n su\u00e7lanmas\u0131 ve mesafe konulmas\u0131 arzusu belirgindi. Bu s\u00fcrede, bas\u0131nda, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lara y\u00f6nelik su\u00e7lamalar yay\u0131nlanmakta, \u00f6zellikle Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri siyaset sert bir \u015fekilde ele\u015ftirilmekteydi. Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa dahi Ermenilerin toplu imhas\u0131n\u0131 \u201cfaz\u00e2hat\u201d olarak betimlemi\u015f[37]<\/a>, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in deste\u011fine sahip olan \u201cMinber\u201d gazetesi ise, Ermenilerin imhas\u0131n\u0131 \u201ctarihe kar\u015f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en affedilmez\u201d[38]<\/a> ameliye olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda, \u00f6ncelikli olarak \u0130stanbul\u2019daki \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ve muhalif \u0130tilaf kitlesi, bas\u0131n arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, Ermenilerin tehcir ve katliamlar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlular\u0131n\u0131n tutuklan\u0131p sert cezalara \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmekteydi. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201cAlemdar\u201d gazetesi, \u201c\u2026sehpalar bu adamlara l\u00e2y\u0131k de\u011fildir. Kopar\u0131lmas\u0131 l\u00e2z\u0131m gelen bu kafalar, k\u00fct\u00fckler \u00fczerinde kesilip g\u00fcnlerce orada tutmak laz\u0131md\u0131r!\u201d[39]<\/a>,- diye yazmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019yla ilgili sorunlara y\u00f6nelik g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi, Ermeni tehcir ve katliamlar\u0131 su\u00e7lamas\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen davalar\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sonra da s\u00fcrer[40]<\/a>. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan, \u00f6zellikle, saray\u0131n habercisi olan \u201cAlemdar\u201d gazetesi karakteristikti. \u00d6rne\u011fin, gazetenin 25 Nisan 1919 say\u0131s\u0131nda, gazetenin m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Ahmet (Pehlivan) Kadri\u2019nin, askeri mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 Naz\u0131m Pa\u015fa\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131k mektubu yay\u0131nlan\u0131r[41]<\/a>. \u201cAlemdar\u2019\u0131n\u201d m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc, a\u00e7\u0131k mektubunda, Ermeni katliamlar\u0131n\u0131n vah\u015fetinden bahsetmekte, yap\u0131lan k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler hakk\u0131nda ilgili mercileri bilgilendirdiklerinden dolay\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revden al\u0131nan baz\u0131 g\u00f6revlilerin isimlerini vermekte, askeri mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131ndan, g\u00f6rg\u00fc \u015fahitlerinin tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 daha ciddiye al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve t\u00fcm su\u00e7lular\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 rica etmekteydi[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cAlemdar\u2019\u0131n\u201d sorumlu m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Refi Cevdet Ulunay\u2019\u0131n, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili yaz\u0131 dizisi dikkate \u015fayand\u0131r. \u201cAlemdar\u201d gazetesinin sorumlu m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Ermeni tehciri, katliamlar\u0131 ve bunlarla ilgili a\u00e7\u0131lan davalarla ilgili makalelerinde, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n davalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ve su\u00e7lular\u0131n hemen cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fini \u00f6zellikle vurgulamakta, 14 \u015eubat 1919\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan \u201cTehcir ve katliamlarla ilgili\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde, Ermeni katliamlar\u0131 davalar\u0131n\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan zorunlu olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi ve davalar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinin, adaletin yerine getirilmesinden ziyade, sadece Avrupa kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda adil g\u00f6z\u00fckme arzusunun yatmakta oldu\u011fu konusunda endi\u015felerini bildirmekteydi[43]<\/a>. Refi Cevat, ayn\u0131 makalesinde, Ermeni katliamlar\u0131n\u0131n kitlesel i\u00e7eri\u011fini vurgulayarak, \u201cH\u00fck\u00fcmet tehcir ve taktil meselelerinden dolay\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 be\u015f ki\u015fiyi mahkemeye tevdi etti. Mesele bununla hitam bulunuyor mu? Tehcir ve tektil mes\u00e2ili gibi \u015f\u00fcmull\u00fc bir hadiseyi bu kadar mahdud bir daireye sokmak nas\u0131l olur?\u201d[44]<\/a>,- demektedir. \u201cAlemdar\u2019\u0131n\u201d redakt\u00f6r\u00fc, 20 \u015eubat 1919 tarihinde yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cAraban\u0131n beygirleri nas\u0131l imi\u015f?\u201d makalesinde, Yozgat duru\u015fmalar\u0131 san\u0131klar\u0131ndan Bo\u011fazl\u0131yan kaymakam\u0131 Mehmet Kemal\u2019in bir cani olmakla birlikte, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyenlerin elinde basit bir ara\u00e7 oldu\u011fu, as\u0131l su\u00e7lular\u0131n ise h\u00e2l\u00e2 cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131ndan \u00f6teye, tutuklanm\u0131\u015f dahi olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamaktad\u0131r. \u201cKemal Bey kimdir; hakikati ara\u015ft\u0131racak olursak kanl\u0131 bir baltadan ibarettir. Adalet onu i\u015fleten eli kesmeli, bu eller, bu beyinler elan aram\u0131zda gezip y\u00fcy\u00fcyor\u201d[45]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cAlemdar\u201d gazetesinin redakt\u00f6r\u00fc, 9 Nisan 1919 tarihinde yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cBir m\u00fcdafaa kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde, Ermeni katliamlar\u0131n\u0131n planl\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011fini ve planlayan ile ifa edenin ortak olduklar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamaktad\u0131r. \u201cOrtada bir \u015fahsiyet farz edecek olursak ve bu \u015fahsiyetin bir cinayet yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul edecek olursak onun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen dima\u011f\u0131 ile hareket eden kolunu ay\u0131ramay\u0131z. Buna ne kanun, ne de mant\u0131k m\u00fcsaade eder. Bahattin \u015eakir \u015fe\u00e2metler do\u011furan bir dima\u011f ise, Kemal Bey ve r\u00fcfekas\u0131 bu dima\u011f\u0131n matemler haz\u0131rlayan bir kolu idiler. Kanun kolu da keser, dima\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr\u201d[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Refi Cevat, bir di\u011fer makalesinde, canilerin lay\u0131k olduklar\u0131 \u015fekilde cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r \u201cBu yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zla do\u011frudan do\u011fruya adaleti istiyorduk. Adalet demek zulm\u00fc yapan\u0131n mizan-\u0131 adalette tart\u0131larak cezas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmesi demektir. (…) Bug\u00fcn \u00e2lem-i medeniyet ve insaniyyet hi\u00e7bir zaman de\u015filmi\u015f barsaklara, oyulmu\u015f g\u00f6zlere ak\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f beyinlere kar\u015f\u0131 l\u00e2kayd\u00e2ne durup seyredemez. Bu feci men\u00e2z\u0131r\u0131 ihd\u00e2s edenleri de b\u00fcy\u00fck vatanperver addedemez. Bizim i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak yeg\u00e2ne \u015fey bir unsuru mahva do\u011fru s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen katilleri tgecziye etmektir\u201d[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ermenilerin tehciri ve katliamlar\u0131 sorunu, ate\u015fkes d\u00f6neminde Osmanl\u0131 toplumu ve bas\u0131n\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan dile getirilen sert tenkitlerin bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin Osmanl\u0131 meclisinin[48]<\/a> g\u00fcndemine de al\u0131n\u0131r ve sert tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7ar[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n istifas\u0131ndan sonra (7 Ekim 1918) Osmanl\u0131 meclisi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na 21 Aral\u0131k 1918\u2019e kadar devam eder[50]<\/a>. Sava\u015f nedeniyle parlamento se\u00e7imleri yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, Meclis-i Mebusan\u2019\u0131n hukuki s\u00fcresi, 1876 y\u0131l\u0131 anayasas\u0131n\u0131n 70. maddesine bir \u00f6\u011fe daha eklemek sayesinde bir y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131na uzat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

1918 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ekim-Kas\u0131m aylar\u0131nda, Meclis-i Mebusan\u2019da ve senatoda en \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan konu, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na sokmak ve Ermeni katliamlar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek konusunda su\u00e7lananlar\u0131n adli sorumlulu\u011fa \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131 konusuydu. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n siyasi sahneden g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde uzakla\u015fmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de liderlerinin ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda, o zamana kadar suskun kalm\u0131\u015f olan milletvekilleri, eski h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ba\u015f\u0131na tenkit ya\u011fd\u0131rmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Ahmet \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n 19 Ekim 1918 tarihli oturumda sunmu\u015f oldu\u011fu y\u00f6netim tasla\u011f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 parlamentosunda s\u0131k\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler ve sert tart\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flar. \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n, tasla\u011f\u0131nda sava\u015f zaman\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen su\u00e7lar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusuna tasla\u011f\u0131nda yer vermemi\u015f oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 milletvekilleri, h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan sunulan bu tasla\u011f\u0131[52]<\/a>, okunduktan sonra sert bir \u015fekilde ele\u015ftirirler[53]<\/a>. Ahmet \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa tenkitleri \u201cBiz adalet s\u00f6z\u00fc veriyoruz ve bunu yerine getirece\u011fiz\u201d[54]<\/a>,- diye cevaplar. Yeni tayin edilmi\u015f olan Ahmet \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu taslakta, Ermeniler ile di\u011fer vatanda\u015flar\u0131n, zamanla eski yerle\u015fim yerlerine d\u00f6nme izni verilmesi ile her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zarar\u0131n tazmin edilmesi gereklili\u011fine de\u011finilmekteydi[55]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Meclisin 4 Kas\u0131m 1918 tarihli oturumunda da Ermeni katliamlar\u0131yla ilgili gergin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zellikle 1-2 Kas\u0131m 1918 gecesi yedi J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk liderinin \u00fclkeden ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131 sert tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ermeni katliamlar\u0131 konusu bu oturumda farkl\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6neri, ba\u015fvuru ve soru \u00f6nergeleri \u015feklinde g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece, \u00f6nce Ayd\u0131n vekili Emanuel Efendi, bu meclisin, eski h\u00fck\u00fcmetin i\u015flemi\u015f oldu\u011fu su\u00e7larla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve meclis s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Halil Mente\u015fe de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere baz\u0131 \u00fcyelerinin do\u011frudan bu su\u00e7lara kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, meclisin yeniden se\u00e7ilmesi gerekti\u011fi sorusunu ortaya atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Bu sert tart\u0131\u015fmalara 7 Ermeni milletvekili de kat\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Kozan (Sis) milletvekili Mateos Nalbantyan, \u0130zmir (Z\u0131m\u00fcrniya) milletvekili Onnik \u0130hsan, Erzurum (Karin) milletvekili Hovsep Madatyan, Halep milletvekili Artin Bo\u015fgezenyan, Mara\u015f milletvekili Hakob Kh\u0131rlakyan, Mu\u015f milletvekili Ge\u011fam Ter-Karapetyan, Sivas (Sebastia) milletvekili Tigran Parsamyan[57]<\/a>, bu mebuslar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi listesinden se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti[58]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 oturumda, Ba\u011fdat sancaklar\u0131ndan biri olan Divaniye\u2019den se\u00e7ilen milletvekili Fuat Bey\u2019in sunmu\u015f oldu\u011fu ve 10 noktadan olu\u015fan takriri, daha sonra sava\u015f d\u00f6nemindeki h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00fcyelerini sorgulam\u0131\u015f olan Osmanl\u0131 meclisinin Be\u015finci \u015eube\u2019sinin olu\u015fmas\u0131na temel olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Belirtilen \u00f6nerge, Fuat Bey taraf\u0131ndan daha 28 Ekim 1918 tarihinde sunulmu\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 sorumlular\u0131ndan biri olan, meclis s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Halil Mente\u015fe taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nergenin s\u00fcr\u00fcncemeye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ancak 2 Kas\u0131mda g\u00fcndeme getirilmi\u015f, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesine ise 4 Kas\u0131mda ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[59]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ayd\u0131n Vilayeti\u2019nden se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olan Emanuel Efendi ve iki ba\u015fka Rum mebus taraf\u0131ndan 4 Kas\u0131m 1918 tarihinde, do\u011frudan Ermeni katliamlar\u0131yla ilgili \u00f6nerge sunulur. Milletvekilleri, alt\u0131 noktadan olu\u015fan bu \u00f6nergeyle Talat ile su\u00e7 ortaklar\u0131n\u0131n, Ermeni halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 teklif eder[60]<\/a>. \u00d6nergenin ilk noktas\u0131nda \u201cErmeni milletine mensup olmaktan ba\u015fka su\u00e7u olmayan bir milyon insan, aralar\u0131nda kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar da olmak \u00fczere, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d,- diye belirtilmekte, be\u015finci madde ise Ermeni milletvekilleri Zohrab ile Vardges\u2019in katline de\u011finmekteydi[61]<\/a>. \u00d6nergeyi sunduktan sonra s\u00f6z alan Emanuel Efendi, bu olaylardan sorumlu olanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sadece 3-4 ki\u015fiyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ak\u0131m taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenmi\u015f oldu\u011funu vurgular. Mebus, bu olaylar\u0131n sorumlusunun sadece bu ak\u0131m\u0131n da olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu ak\u0131ma destek verenler, hatta t\u00fcm milletin oldu\u011funu belirtir[62]<\/a>. Emanuel Efendi\u2019nin s\u00f6zleri T\u00fcrk milletvekillerinin tepkisini \u00e7eker. 4 Kas\u0131m 1918 tarihli oturumda, T\u00fcrk ve Ermeni ile di\u011fer milletlerden olu\u015fan milletvekiller aras\u0131nda konuyla ilgili ilk siyasi \u00e7eki\u015fme meydana gelir, \u201c\u2026Ermeni mebuslar bazen yumu\u015fak, bazen sert, bazen de manal\u0131 veya gizli ifadelerle, Soyk\u0131r\u0131mla ilgili ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan c\u00fcr\u00fcmler i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk meslekta\u015flar\u0131na meydan okumaktayd\u0131\u201d[63]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ermenilerin tehciri ve imhas\u0131yla ilgili belirtilen oturumda ikinci bir \u00f6nerge de Kozan milletvekili Mateos Nalbantyan ve birka\u00e7 arkada\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan takdim edilir. Bu \u00f6nergeyle, \u201cTehcir\u201d ve \u201cEmval-\u0131 Metruke\u201d ile ilgili ge\u00e7ici kanunlar\u0131n ge\u00e7ersiz ilan edilmesi talep edilmekte ve bu kanunlar\u0131n anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 belirtilmekteydi. H\u00fck\u00fcmet ad\u0131na bu \u00f6nergeyi cevaplayan i\u00e7i\u015fleri bakan\u0131 Ali Fethi Okyar, konuyla ilgili bir inceleme ba\u015flatma s\u00f6z\u00fc verir[64]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ermeni katliamlar\u0131yla ilgili Osmanl\u0131 meclisindeki tart\u0131\u015fmalar, \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n yerine gelen Tevfik Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde de s\u00fcrer. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler 18 Kas\u0131m 1918 tarihli oturumda, Tevfik Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmet tasla\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sunuldu\u011fu zaman tekrar ba\u015flar. Halep Ermeni milletvekili Artin Bo\u015fgezenyan, h\u00fck\u00fcmet bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde ger\u00e7ekten olumlu netice almak istiyorsa, bunun tek yolunun Ermeni katliamlar\u0131n\u0131n su\u00e7lular\u0131n\u0131n mahk\u00fbm edilmesi konusunda baz\u0131 ad\u0131mlar atmas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti\u011fini[65]<\/a>, soru\u015fturma ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurular\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 bekledikleri konusundaki i\u00e7i\u015fleri bakan\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 i\u00e7in ise bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fik\u00e2yet edecek adam kalmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtir[66]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ermeni k\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 sorununun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi 23 Kas\u0131m 1918 tarihli oturumda da ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, bu oturumda Ermeni ve Rum mebuslar \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019yle s\u0131n\u0131rlanmayarak, T\u00fcrklerin toplu sorumlulu\u011fundan bahsetmi\u015fleridir[67]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 oturumda Trabzon vekili Mehmet Emin, Ermenileri, Samsun\u2019a g\u00f6nderme bahanesiyle mavnalara doldurup denizde bo\u011fduklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayarak, Ermenilerin katliamlar\u0131yla ilgili \u00f6nemli bilgiler sunmu\u015ftur[68]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer oturumda Ermeni milletvekillerinden Mateos Nalbantyan, Ermenilerin imha edilmi\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve \u201cAnadolu i\u00e7lerinin mezaristana \u00e7evrildi\u011fini\u201d vurgulayarak, T\u00fcrklerin bir millet olarak sorumluluktan kurtulamayacaklar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmi\u015f, sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in t\u00fcm su\u00e7lular\u0131n tespit edilip cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir[69]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ermenilerin tehciri ve katliamlar\u0131 sorunu Osmanl\u0131 senatosunda da g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu sorunla ilgili 19 Ekim 1918[70]<\/a> tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen senatodaki ilk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede senatonun a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ilgili s\u00f6z alan senato ba\u015fkan\u0131 (eski \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6nderlerden) Ahmet R\u0131za, \u201cvah\u015fice \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan Ermenilerden\u201d bahseder[71]<\/a>. R\u0131za, iki g\u00fcn sonra daha ileriye giderek, Ermenilerin, kullan\u0131ma sokulan \u201cresmi\u201d siyaset sonucunda \u201cdevlet eliyle\u201d imha edildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klar[72]<\/a>. 4 Kas\u0131m 1918 oturumunda mebuslar kanad\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 zamanda, ayn\u0131 konuyla ilgili sert tart\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fan\u0131r, Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 d\u00f6neminde ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f olan ve senato \u00fcyesi Sait Halim Pa\u015fa, senatoya vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00f6nergeyle gerekli olan soru\u015fturman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in Y\u00fcce Divan kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerir[73]<\/a>. Senato \u00fcyeleri, \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fcksulu Mahmut Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nergesini kendilerine yol g\u00f6sterici olarak kabul ederek, o anda senatoda var olan yedi komisyonun haricinde, senatonun 5 farkl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck komisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcyelerinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla yeni bir \u00f6zel komisyon (Enc\u00fcmen-i Mahsus) olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na karar verir[74]<\/a>. Sekiz ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan bu komisyona, ayn\u0131 meclisin Be\u015finci \u015eubesi\u2019ne[75]<\/a> y\u00fcklenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, sava\u015f esnas\u0131nda i\u015flenen c\u00fcr\u00fcmlerle ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmet soru\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctme g\u00f6revi verilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Senato taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen bu \u00f6zel komisyonun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, 9 Kas\u0131m 1918\u2019de, nihai raporu ise 14 Kas\u0131mda sunulmu\u015ftur. Komisyon, \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fcksulu Mahmut Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n elindeki verileri a\u00e7\u0131klama karar\u0131 al\u0131r, fakat t\u00fcm bu giri\u015fimler, 21 Aral\u0131k 1918\u2019de Osmanl\u0131 parlamentosunun la\u011fvedilmesi nedeniyle sonu\u00e7suz kal\u0131r[76]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylelikle hem Osmanl\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131, hem meclisi, hem de senatosunda yer bulan bu sert tart\u0131\u015fmalar esnas\u0131nda, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 olgusu kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f ve di\u011fer c\u00fcr\u00fcmler ve yolsuzluklar haricinde, Ermenilerin tehciri ile katliamlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlenme konusunda, sava\u015f d\u00f6neminde \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6netmi\u015f olan Sait Halim ve Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019lar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00fcyelerini soru\u015fturacak olan Osmanl\u0131 meclisinin Be\u015finci \u015eubesi olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Akunq.net<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> \u0428\u0430\u043c\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/b><\/a>,<\/b> \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0430 \u0432 \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0438, 1918-1923 \u0433\u0433,1966, \u0441. 15.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2]<\/a> Dad\u0131ryan V.,<\/b> Haykakan tse\u011faspanutyun\u0131 khorhrdaranayin yev patmagitakan knnarkumnerov, (Parlamenter ve tarih-bilimsel irdelemeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131<\/i>), \u201cPaykar\u201d, Massachussets, 1995, s.5.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3]<\/a> Ak\u00e7am T.,<\/b> \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve Ermeni Sorunu. \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019den Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na, 2. Bask\u0131, \u0130mge Kitabevi, \u0130stanbul, 2002, s. 390.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[4]<\/a> A.g.e., s.388. T\u00fcrk gazeteci ve cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi milletvekillerinden Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay\u2019\u0131n, an\u0131lar\u0131nda belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, \u201cO zamanlar insanlara vurulan damga \u201cadam\u201d kelimesiydi. Cemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n adam\u0131, Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n adam\u0131, Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n adam\u0131\u2026 Bunlar\u0131n her birinin de kendi \u201cadamlar\u0131 \u201c vard\u0131. Gruplar geni\u015fledi\u011finde art\u0131k Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n tayfas\u0131, Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n tayfas\u0131, Cemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n tayfas\u0131 denmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u201d, bk. Atay F.R., Zeytinda\u011f\u0131, Bate\u015f, \u0130stanbul, 1981, s. 38.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[5]<\/a> Dadrian V., Ak\u00e7am T.,<\/b> \u201cTehcir ve Taktil\u201d, Divan-\u0131 Harb-i \u00d6rf\u00ee Zab\u0131tlar\u0131, \u0130ttihad ve Terakki\u2019nin Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 1919-1922, Bilgi \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2008, s. 6.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[6]<\/a> Ak\u00e7am T.,<\/b> \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve Ermeni Sorunu, s. 390.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[7]<\/a> A.g.e., s.391.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[8]<\/a> A.g.e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[9]<\/a> Tunaya T.Z.,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasal Partiler, Cilt 3, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki, Bir \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n, Bir Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n, Bir Partinin Tarihi, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2000, s. 40.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[10]<\/a> Selek S.,<\/b> Anadolu \u0130htilali, Cilt 1, Kasta\u015f Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 2000, s. 40. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra \u0130zzet\u2019in yerine Ahmet Tevfik ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[11]<\/a> Nadi Y.,<\/b> Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 An\u0131lar\u0131, Erdini Bas\u0131m ve Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 1978, s. 8.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[12]<\/a> Kocahano\u011flu O.S.,<\/b> \u0130ttihat Terakki\u2019nin Sorgulanmas\u0131 ve Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 (1918-1919), Temel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1998, s. 18.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[13]<\/a> A.g.e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[14]<\/a> Doktor Naz\u0131m, partinin kurucular\u0131ndan biri ve en n\u00fcfuzlu \u00fcyesi olarak, ayn\u0131 zamanda te\u015fkilat\u0131n ar\u015fivcisi olmu\u015ftur. partinin t\u00fcm ar\u015fivi Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n elinde bulunmakta olup, bu ar\u015fivin yok olmas\u0131 da Naz\u0131m\u2019la ili\u015fkilendirilmektedir, bk. Bleda M.\u015e.,<\/b> \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, Remzi Kitabevi, \u0130stanbul, 1979, s. 112. Parti Merkez Komitesi genel sekreteri Mithat \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc, bu olguyu \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi \u00fcyeleri yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n 4 May\u0131s 1919 tarihli ikinci oturumunda da tasdik etmi\u015ftir, bk. Takv\u00eem-i Vekayi, 8 May\u0131s, 1919, s. 20.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[15]<\/a> Kocahano\u011flu O.S.,<\/b> \u0130ttihat Terakki\u2019nin Sorgulanmas\u0131 ve Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 (1918-1919), s. 18.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[16]<\/a> \u0410\u0432\u0430\u043a\u044f\u043d<\/b> \u0410.<\/b> \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0434 1915 \u0433.: \u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439\/ \u041d\u0410\u041d \u0420\u0410, \u041c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u044f\u043d \/ [\u041e\u0442\u0432. \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0413. \u0420. \u0421\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u044f\u043d], \u0415\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d: \u0413\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u044e\u043d, 1999, \u0441. 14.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[17]<\/a> A.g.e., s.16-17.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[18]<\/a> A.g.e., s.31. Bu iddian\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 plan\u0131n\u0131 esas d\u00fczenleyen ve uygulayanlardan biri olan Behaettin \u015eakir\u2019in, 1913 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 ziyareti ve valilere emirler ihtiva eden gizli zarflar\u0131n teslimidir, bk. Avagyan A.,<\/b> 1915 t. tse\u011faspanutyan nakhapatrastakan pulits Behaeddin \u015eakiri aytsn arevelyan nahangner, (1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6n haz\u0131rl\u0131k a\u015famas\u0131nda, Behaettin \u015eakir\u2019in do\u011fu vilayetlerini ziyareti<\/i>), Turkagitakan yev Osmanagitakan hetazotutyunner IV, Yerevan, Aso\u011fik, 2006, s.245-251.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[19]<\/a> Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n tehciri, m\u00fcbadelesi ve kovulmas\u0131 fikirleri, daha 1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda Doktor Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n \u201cJournal de Salonique\u201d gazetesine vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu m\u00fclakatta, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi b\u00fcnyesinde dola\u015f\u0131ma girerek, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr, bk. Bayur Y.H.,<\/b> T\u00fcrk \u0130nk\u0131l\u00e2b\u0131 Tarihi, Cilt 1, Giri\u015f: Berlin Muahedesinden Trablus-Garp Sava\u015f\u0131na Kadar, Maarif Matbaas\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1940, ss. 305-306.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[20]<\/a> Osmanl\u0131 Belgelerinde Ermeniler (1915-1920), T.C. Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Devlet Ar\u015fivleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Ankara, 1994, s. 20.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[21]<\/a> Ermenilerin tehcir edilmesiyle ilgili karar\u0131n kabul\u00fc esnas\u0131nda yer bulan bir dizi hukuk ihlalleri, daha sonra Osmanl\u0131 meclisinin Be\u015finci \u015eubesi taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen soru\u015fturmalar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131p tenkide u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Enver\u2019in \u201cYok kanun, yap kanun\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile sava\u015f zaman\u0131nda, aralar\u0131nda \u201cTehcir\u201d ve \u201cEmval-i Metruke\u201d kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu, \u00e7ok say\u0131da ge\u00e7ici kanun \u201cKavanin-i Muvakkatiye\u201d ilan edilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[22]<\/a> Dad\u0131ryan V.<\/b>, Haykakan tse\u011faspanutyun\u0131 khorh\u0131rdaranayin yev patmagitakan knnarkumnerov, (Parlamenter ve tarih-bilimsel irdelemeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131<\/i>) s.20.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[23]<\/a> Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan hayatta kalan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Haykazn \u011eazaryan\u2019\u0131n belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re, Tehcir hakk\u0131nda kanun asl\u0131nda 8 maddeden olu\u015fmu\u015f olup, bunlardan 5\u2019i, Ermeni mallar\u0131na el koymakla ilgili oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 gizli tutulmaktayd\u0131, bk. \u011eazaryan H.,<\/b> Tse\u011faspan turk\u0131 (Soyk\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 T\u00fcrk<\/i>), Hamazgayin matbaas\u0131, Beyrut, 1968, s.328.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[24]<\/a> Bardak\u00e7\u0131 M.,<\/b> Tal\u00e2t Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Evrak-\u0131 Metr\u00fbkesi, \u0130stanbul, Everest Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2009, s. 25-26. \u054f\u0565’\u057d \u0576\u0561\u0587` \u201cMeclis-i V\u00fckela\u2019n\u0131n Tehcir Karar\u0131\u201d, 30 May\u0131s 1915, Osmanl\u0131 Belgelerinde Ermeniler, ss. 30-32.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[25]<\/a> Safrastyan R.,<\/b> Osmanyan kaysrutyun, Tse\u011faspanutyan dsragri dsagumnabanutyun\u0131 (1876-1920) (Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m plan\u0131n\u0131n men\u015fei<\/i>), Yerevan, 2009, s.174-176.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[26]<\/a> \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin ad\u0131n\u0131 lekelememe, tehciri hakl\u0131 k\u0131lma, tehcir edilenlerin imha edilmesi sorumlulu\u011fundan ka\u00e7\u0131narak, bu sorumlulu\u011fu sadece birka\u00e7 \u015fahs\u0131n \u00fczerine y\u0131kma yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131nda da g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. An\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yazma konusundaki esas etken de bu olmu\u015ftur, bk. Herbert A., Ben Kendim.<\/b> A Record of Eastern Travel, Hutchinson, London, 1924, pp. 323-324.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[27]<\/a> \u00c7avdar T.,<\/b> Tal\u00e2t Pa\u015fa, Bir \u00d6rg\u00fct Ustas\u0131n\u0131n Ya\u015fam \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc, 4. Bask\u0131, \u0130mge Kitabevi, \u0130stanbul, 2001, s. 402.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[28]<\/a> Tal\u00e2t Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Hat\u0131ralar\u0131, H. Yal\u00e7\u0131n\u2019\u0131n \u00d6ns\u00f6z\u00fcyle, Yeni Matbaa, \u0130stanbul, 1958, s. 59.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[29]<\/a> Osmanl\u0131ca ve \u0130stanbul\u2019da fakl\u0131 dillerde yay\u0131nlanan bas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fctunlar\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan yaz\u0131lar\u0131n belli bir k\u0131sm\u0131, Griker (Grigor Kerkeryan) taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bk. Griker<\/b>, Yoz\u011fati hayaspanutyan vaveragrakan patmutyun\u0131 (Yozgat Ermenileri katliam\u0131n\u0131n belgesel tarihi<\/i>), New York, 1980, s.11-67. Gazetelerde yay\u0131nlanan makaleler, C. Kirakosyan,<\/b> \u201cYeritturker\u0131 patmutyan datastani arac\u201d (J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler tarihin yarg\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde), Yerevan, 1983, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc cildinde ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[30]<\/a> Ak\u00e7am T.,<\/b> \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve Ermeni Sorunu, s. 397.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[31]<\/a> Bu konuda daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak bk. Anumyan M., <\/b>Meds ye\u011fern\u0131 havasto\u011f vkayutyunner osmanyan \u201cAlemdar\u201d oratertum (Osmanl\u0131 \u201cAlemdar\u201d gazetesinde, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 belgeleyen tan\u0131kl\u0131klar<\/i>), \u201cBanber Hayastani arkhivneri\u201d, No 1 (107), Yerevan, 2006, s.310-317.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[32]<\/a> Bu kitaplar Ermeniceye de \u00e7evrilip yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bk. Ahmet Refik<\/b>, Yerku komite, yerku vo\u00e7ir (\u0130ki komite, iki k\u0131tal<\/i>), T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden terc\u00fcme eden ve \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fc yazan S. P. Muratyan, Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti Bilimler Milli Akademisi, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fcze-enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, Yerevan, 1998, Hasan Amca<\/b>, Te\u011fahanutyun yev vo\u00e7\u0131n\u00e7atsum (te\u011fahanutyan irakan patker\u0131) (Tehcir ve imha (tehcirin ger\u00e7ek y\u00fcz\u00fc)<\/i>), Osmanl\u0131cadan terc\u00fcme eden, \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fc ve dipnotlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan A. G. Avagyan, Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti Bilimler Milli Akademisi, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fcze-enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, Yerevan, 2007.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[33]<\/a> Anumyan M.,<\/b> belirtilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, s.312-313.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[34]<\/a> Dadrian V., Ak\u00e7am T., <\/b>\u00a0\u201cTehcir ve Taktil\u201d, s. 11.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[35]<\/a> Osmanl\u0131 Mebusan Meclisi Reisi Halil Mente\u015fe\u2019nin An\u0131lar\u0131, H\u00fcrriyet Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1986, s. 239.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[36]<\/a> Halil Pa\u015fa,<\/b> \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019den Cumhuriyet\u2019e Bitmeyen Sava\u015f, Derleyen: Taylan Sorgun, Kamer Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1997, s. 274. 8 A\u011fustos 1919 tarihinde hapisten ka\u00e7an Halil Kut, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi \u00fcyeleri davas\u0131n\u0131n iddianamesinde Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa \u00fcyesi olarak belirtilmektedir, bk. Takv\u00eem-i Vekayi, No 3540, 5 May\u0131s 1919, s. 5.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[37]<\/a> Dadrian V., Ak\u00e7am T.,<\/b> \u201cTehcir ve Taktil\u201d, s. 11.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[38]<\/a> Ak\u00e7am T.,<\/b> \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve Ermeni Sorunu, s. 395.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[39]<\/a> Ak\u015fin S.,<\/b> \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmetleri ve Milli M\u00fccadele, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk Matbaas\u0131, \u0130stanbul,\u00a0 1983, s. 199.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[40]<\/a> Bu su\u00e7lamayla bak\u0131lan ilk dava olan Yozgat davas\u0131, 5 \u015eubat 1919 tarihinde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[41]<\/a> \u201cAlemdar\u2019da\u201d yay\u0131nlanan bu makalenin tam terc\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in bk. Anumyan M.,<\/b> Yoz\u011fati yev Trapizoni te\u011fahanutyan u kotoradsneri datavarutyunner\u0131 \u0131st \u201cAlendar\u201d oraterti (\u201cAlemdar\u201d gazetesine istinaden Yozgat ve Trabzon tehcir ve katliamlar\u0131 davalar\u0131<\/i>), \u201cErmeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 tarihi ve tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 konular\u0131\u201d, No 9, Yerevan, 2004, s.72-74.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[42]<\/a> Ahmed Kadri,<\/b> Divan-\u0131 Harb-i Reisi Naz\u0131m Pa\u015fa Hazretlerine A\u00e7\u0131k Mektup, \u201cAlemdar\u201d, 25 Nisan 1919.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[43]<\/a> Refi Cevad,<\/b> Tehc\u00eer ve Taktil M\u00fcnasebetiyle, \u201cAlemdar\u201d 14 \u015eubat 1919.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[44]<\/a> A.g.e.,<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[45]<\/a> Refi Cevad,<\/b> Araban\u0131n Beygirleri Nas\u0131l \u0130mi\u015f?, \u201cAlemdar\u201d, 20 \u015eubat 1919.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[46]<\/a> Refi Cevad,<\/b> Bir M\u00fcdafaa Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda\u2026, \u201cAlemdar\u201d, 9 Nisan 1919.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[47]<\/a> Refi Cevad,<\/b> Ne Diyoruz, Ne \u0130stiyoruz, \u201cAlemdar\u201d, 10 Nisan 1919.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[48]<\/a> Osmanl\u0131 Meclisi, biri mebuslar kamaras\u0131, di\u011feri ise senato olmak \u00fczere iki k\u0131s\u0131mdan m\u00fcte\u015fekkildi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[49]<\/a> Osmanl\u0131 meclisinde yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerle ilgili daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak bk. Dad\u0131ryan V.,<\/b> Haykakan tse\u011faspanutyun\u0131 khorh\u0131rdaranayin yev patmagitakan knnarkumnerov, (Parlamenter ve tarih-bilimsel irdelemeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131<\/i>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[50]<\/a> Tunaya T. Z.,<\/b> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasal Partiler, cilt III, s. 654.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[51]<\/a> Kocahano\u011flu O. S.,<\/b> \u0130ttihat Terakki\u2019nin Sorgulanmas\u0131 ve Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131, s. 26.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[52]<\/a> Ata F.,<\/b> \u0130\u015fgal \u0130stanbulu\u2019nda Tehcir Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131, T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 2005, ss. 21-22.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[53]<\/a> Ak\u00e7am T.,<\/b> \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve Ermeni Sorunu, s. 398.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[54]<\/a> A.g.e., s.399.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[55]<\/a> Ata F.,<\/b> \u0130\u015fgal \u0130stanbulu\u2019nda Tehcir Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131, s. 21.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[56]<\/a> Ak\u00e7am T.,<\/b> \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve Ermeni Sorunu, s. 400.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[57]<\/a> Dad\u0131ryan V.,<\/b> Haykakan tse\u011faspanutyun\u0131 khorh\u0131rdaranayin yev patmagitakan knnarkumnerov, (Parlamenter ve tarih-bilimsel irdelemeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131<\/i>), s.12.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[58]<\/a> Dadrian V. , Ak\u00e7am T.,<\/b> \u201cTehcir ve Taktil\u201d, s. 21. Osmanl\u0131 senatosu \u00fcyesi Ahmet Refik, Ermenilerin imhas\u0131na adanan kitab\u0131nda, Anadolu Ermenilerinin Der-Zor\u2019a s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp imha edilirken, Ermeni mebuslar\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019da Talat ve Ermenilerin imhas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen di\u011fer \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 liderler ile iyi ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 hayretlerini dile getirmekteydi, bk. Refik A.,<\/b> Kafkas Yollar\u0131nda. \u0130ki Komite \u0130ki K\u0131tal, \u0130stanbul, Temel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1998, s. 177.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[59]<\/a> Dadrian V. , Ak\u00e7am T.,<\/b> \u201cTehcir ve Taktil\u201d, s. 21.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[60]<\/a> Ak\u00e7am T.,<\/b> \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve Ermeni Sorunu, s. 401.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[61]<\/a> Ermeni mebuslardan Grigor Zohrap ve Vardges Serengulyan\u2019la ilgilidir. A.g.e., s.401-402.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[62]<\/a> Ak\u00e7am T.,<\/b> \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve Ermeni Sorunu, ss. 403-404.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[63]<\/a> Dad\u0131ryan V.,<\/b> Haykakan tse\u011faspanutyun\u0131 khorh\u0131rdaranayin yev patmagitakan knnarkumnerov, (Parlamenter ve tarih-bilimsel irdelemeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Ermeni soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131<\/i>), s.19.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[64]<\/a> Ak\u00e7am T.,<\/b> \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve Ermeni Sorunu, ss. 405-406.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[65]<\/a> A.g.e., s.409.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[66]<\/a> A.g.e., s.409-410.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[67]<\/a> A.g.e., s.411-412.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[68]<\/a> A.g.e., s.414.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[69]<\/a> A.g.e., s.415-416.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[70]<\/a> Ata F.,<\/b> \u0130\u015fgal \u0130stanbulu\u2019nda Tehcir Yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131, s. 30.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[71]<\/a> Dadrian V. , Ak\u00e7am T.,<\/b> \u201cTehcir ve Taktil\u201d, s. 32.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[72]<\/a> A.g.e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[73]<\/a> A.g.e., s.32.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[74]<\/a> A.g.e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[75]<\/a> A.g.e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[76]<\/a> A.g.e., s.37.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Meline Anumyan Tarih doktoru Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan yenik \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 sonucunda \u00fclkede a\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlar olu\u015fur. 15 Eyl\u00fcl 1918 tarihinde m\u00fcttefik devletlerin ordular\u0131 Makedonya\u2019da cepheyi yar\u0131p \u0130stanbul i\u00e7in do\u011frudan bir tehdit olu\u015fturduklar\u0131nda, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 liderler bar\u0131\u015f dile\u011finde bulunur, fakat m\u00fcttefikler onlarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde bulunmak istemez[1]. 7 Ekim 1918 tarihinde Talat Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmeti istifas\u0131n\u0131 verir. Kas\u0131m 1\u2019i 2\u2019ye […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,14,26,37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nMondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nin imzalanmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye siyasi ortam\u0131. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, Osmanl\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131nda irdelenmesi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/02\/24\/mondros-mutarekesinin-imzalanmasi-sonrasinda-turkiye-siyasi-ortami-ermeni-soykiriminin-osmanli-basininda-irdelenmesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nin imzalanmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye siyasi ortam\u0131. 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