{"id":28375,"date":"2014-02-11T04:24:17","date_gmt":"2014-02-11T09:24:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=28375"},"modified":"2014-02-11T04:24:17","modified_gmt":"2014-02-11T09:24:17","slug":"hemsinli-kimligi-dil-din-kultur-mahir-ozkan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/02\/11\/hemsinli-kimligi-dil-din-kultur-mahir-ozkan\/","title":{"rendered":"Hem\u015finli Kimli\u011fi: Dil, Din, K\u00fclt\u00fcr \/ Mahir \u00d6zkan"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u00a0\"Mahir<\/a>Hem\u015finli Kimli\u011fi<\/b><\/div>\n
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Hem\u015fin kimli\u011fini anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak tarihsel, co\u011frafi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel nedenlerle ancak Ermeni ve T\u00fcrk kimliklerini de anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Ku\u015fkusuz bunun en \u00f6nemli nedeni Hem\u015finlilerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ya da ya\u015famak zorunda kald\u0131klar\u0131 dinsel, dilsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ayr\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeyidir. Bug\u00fcn kendisini Ermeni, T\u00fcrk, Hem\u015finli, H\u0131ristiyan, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Ateist vb. kimliklerinin biri, ikisi veya bir ka\u00e7\u0131yla birden tan\u0131mlayan insanlar s\u00f6z konusudur.\u00a0 Tarihsel, co\u011frafi, dilsel, dinsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011fi\u015fkenler \u00fczerinden bu kimliklerle Hem\u015finlilerin ili\u015fkilenme bi\u00e7imlerini ve d\u00fczeylerini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karmak \u00e7e\u015fitli zorluklar ta\u015f\u0131makla birlikte m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Hem\u015finli kimli\u011fini anlamak b\u00f6yle bir \u00e7aban\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olabilir. Bunu denemeden \u00f6nce Hem\u015finlilerin tarihinden ve co\u011frafi da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131ndan k\u0131saca s\u00f6z etmek gerekmektedir.<\/div>\n
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Tarih<\/b><\/div>\n
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Hem\u015finlilerin tarihi ile ilgili kaynaklar farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde yorumlansalar da genellikle ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli kaynak hem T\u00fcrk hem Ermeni hem de bat\u0131l\u0131 tarih\u00e7ilerin referans almalar\u0131na da bak\u0131larak \u011eevond\u2019dur, diyebiliriz. \u011eevond\u2019un anlat\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re; \u00a0Hem\u015finlilerin atalar\u0131 Amatuniler; Vang\u00f6l\u00fc-Urumiye g\u00f6l\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki Vaspuragan b\u00f6lgesinin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Do\u011fubayaz\u0131t-G\u00fcrbulak s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131s\u0131na 15 km mesafede olan Maku b\u00f6lgesini de i\u00e7ine alan Kuzey Vaspuragan kesiminde Artaz adl\u0131 yerden, merkezi Osaga kalesi olan bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Ermenistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki Ayrarat eyaletinin Aragatsotin ve Kotayk b\u00f6lgelerine gelmi\u015f, oradan da MS 780 li y\u0131llarda beyleri Hamam Amatuni liderli\u011finde G\u00f6le ve Oltu-Narman \u00fczerinden \u00e7oruh nehrini ge\u00e7erek bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Hem\u015fin b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Amadouniler \u00f6nemli bir Ermeni boyudur ve Amadouni Prensli\u011fi de \u00f6nemli bir Ermeni prensli\u011fidir. Tarih\u00e7i \u011eevond\u2019dan bu bilgileri aktaran Levon Ha\u00e7ikyan daha sonra Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu ele ge\u00e7irdikten sonra Veke Bey\u2019in esir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ve son Hem\u015fin Ermeni Bey\u2019i olan Davit\u2019in \u0130spir\u2019deki s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 belgeleyen kaynaklara g\u00f6nderme yaparak, en ge\u00e7 1489 tarihinde Hem\u015fin Ermeni Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin sona erdi\u011fini belirtiyor. [1]<\/a><\/div>\n
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Bu tarihlerden sonra bir yandan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun yerle\u015ftirilmesi bir yandan da vergi politikalar\u0131yla b\u00f6lge n\u00fcfusunun M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. 1530 y\u0131l\u0131na ait tahrir defterlerindeki kay\u0131tlarda Hem\u015fin n\u00fcfusunun %38.1\u2019ini M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n, 61.9\u2019unuGebran(gayrim\u00fcslim)lar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.[2]<\/a> Acaryan, Hem\u015fin Leh\u00e7esi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 adl\u0131 eserinden y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda 20.000 H\u0131ristiyan ve ondan biraz fazla say\u0131da da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finlinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.[3]<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0Bu bilgiler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00f6lgenin Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mesiyle ba\u015flayan Hem\u015fin ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Hem\u015finlilerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fma s\u00fcreci 1915 ve sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan kitlesel g\u00f6\u00e7le birlikte tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r diyebiliriz.\u00a0<\/div>\n
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G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Hem\u015finliler <\/b>\u00a0<\/div>\n
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Son d\u00f6nem Hem\u015fin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndaki \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc gruplamadan farkl\u0131 olarak bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada Hem\u015finliler iki gruba ayr\u0131lacakt\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finliler, Ermenicenin Hem\u015fin Diyalektini konu\u015fan Do\u011fu Hem\u015finlileri ve dillerinde Ermenice 500 civar\u0131nda kelime bar\u0131nd\u0131rmakla birlikte Hem\u015fince konu\u015famayan Bat\u0131 Hem\u015finlileri olarak ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi bu ay\u0131r\u0131m aidiyet ve kimlik alg\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. Bu nedenle kimlik alg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fken durumundaki dinsel farkl\u0131l\u0131k \u00fczerinden bir ay\u0131r\u0131ma gitmek daha uygun g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/div>\n
M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finliler ve H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finliler.<\/div>\n
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H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finliler; Hem\u015fin\u2019den \u00f6nce bat\u0131ya daha sonra da Karadenizin kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 eden grubunu olu\u015fturuyor. Bu grup, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n So\u00e7i, Krasnodor, Voronej, Rostov gibi kentleri ile Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n Sohum, Gagra gibi kentlerinde ya\u015f\u0131yor. Bu grubun kimlik alg\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir tart\u0131\u015fma bulunmuyor. H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finliler Hem\u015fin diyalektinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7o\u011funlukla Ermeni okullar\u0131nda e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri i\u00e7in Do\u011fu Ermenice de biliyorlar. Ermeni Apostolik kilisesine ba\u011fl\u0131lar ve kendilerini Ham\u015fenahay-Hem\u015finli Ermeni olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yorlar.<\/div>\n
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M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finliler; Artvin\u2019in Hopa ve Bor\u00e7ka il\u00e7elerinde; Rize\u2019nin Hem\u015fin, \u00c7aml\u0131hem\u015fin, Pazar, \u00c7ayeli, Arde\u015fen, F\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131 ve G\u00fcneysu il\u00e7elerinde; Erzurum\u2019un \u0130spir, Tortum ve Uzundere il\u00e7elerinde; Trabzon\u2019un Arakl\u0131 il\u00e7esi Karadere vadisinde; D\u00fczce\u2019nin Ak\u00e7akoca il\u00e7esinde; Sakarya\u2019n\u0131n Kocaali ve Karasu il\u00e7elerinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00f6zellikle son yirmi otuz y\u0131ld\u0131r h\u0131zlanan ekonomik g\u00f6\u00e7lerle \u0130stanbul, Ankara, Bursa, Kocaeli, \u0130zmir gibi metropol \u015fehirlerde de belirli bir Hem\u015finli n\u00fcfus ya\u015famaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ise Batum\u2019dan ikinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131nda K\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131lkaya ve O\u015f kentlerine, Kazakistan ve \u00d6zbekistan\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finliler ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Bu grubun \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bug\u00fcn Rusya\u2019n\u0131n So\u00e7i, Krasnodor, Voronej ve Rostov kentlerinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Bu grup tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir kimlik alg\u0131s\u0131na sahip. Denilebilir ki grubun tamam\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde anla\u015fabildi\u011fi tek tan\u0131mlama Hem\u015finlilik. Ancak Hem\u015finlili\u011fin ne anlama geldi\u011fi konusunda bir\u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fma s\u00f6z konusu.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finlilerin Ortak Kimli\u011finin Zemini<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Yukar\u0131da belirtilen Do\u011fu Hem\u015finlileri ve Bat\u0131 Hem\u015finlileri ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda dil \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Dil bir kimli\u011fin tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli belirleyicilerden bir tanesidir. Ancak do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 Hem\u015finliler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn bu gruplar\u0131 ayr\u0131 kimlikler olarak tan\u0131mlamaya yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadad\u0131r. Bunun nedeni bat\u0131 Hem\u015finliler olarak tan\u0131mlanan grubun dilin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131klar\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra do\u011fu Hem\u015finli grubuyla ortak ge\u00e7mi\u015f alg\u0131s\u0131na ve ortak k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferlere sahip olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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Ortak Dil <\/b><\/div>\n
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Bat\u0131 grubu olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Hem\u015finlilerin dili ne zaman yitirdiklerine dair elimizde yeterli veri bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ancak baz\u0131 tan\u0131kl\u0131klar ge\u00e7erli tahminler y\u00fcr\u00fctmemizi olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131kl\u0131klardan birini R\u00fcdiger Bennighaus, co\u011frafyac\u0131 Carl Ritter\u2019den aktar\u0131yor:[4]<\/a> \u201ci\u00e7lerinde eskisi gibi, H\u0131ristiyan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc korumu\u015flar ve yaln\u0131z zahiri bir \u015fekilde Kuran\u0131n yolunu takip etmi\u015fler. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Ermenicelerinden ba\u015fka bir dil tan\u0131mazlar; …”[5]<\/b><\/a><\/i>Bu tan\u0131kl\u0131k 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na ait bir tan\u0131kl\u0131k. Hopa Hem\u015finlilerinin ise \u00e7ok daha yeni tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Bug\u00fcn 82 ya\u015f\u0131nda olan babam 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda gitti\u011fi \u00c7aml\u0131hem\u015fin- Ayder\u2019de ya\u015fl\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Hem\u015finceyi az \u00e7ok konu\u015ftuklar\u0131n\u0131 ama gen\u00e7lerin baz\u0131 kelimeler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Hem\u015fince bilmediklerine tan\u0131k olmu\u015ftur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla dilin yitiminin Cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015fuyla birlikte h\u0131zland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rahatl\u0131kla s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Ku\u015fkusuz Hem\u015fin\u2019 de Hem\u015finceyi hi\u00e7bir zaman konu\u015fmam\u0131\u015f insanlar da ya\u015f\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Hem\u015fin b\u00f6lgesine Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f aileler oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla asl\u0131nda bir kimlik olarak Hem\u015finli olanlar ile bir yerle\u015fim yerinin ahalisi anlam\u0131nda Hem\u015finli olanlar bu co\u011frafyada birlikte ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Gelenler ile yerliler aras\u0131ndaki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkile\u015fim ve gerilim ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusudur.\u00a0 Burada bu etkile\u015fime bir \u00f6rnek vermekle yetiniyorum. II. Abd\u00fclhamit d\u00f6neminde Hoca o\u011flu Tayyar, Entao\u011flu Habib, Sediro\u011flu Dursun, Cevbio\u011flu \u0130smail taraf\u0131ndan talep edildi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenen bir belgede, b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan baz\u0131 ailelerin ve Osmanl\u0131- Rus sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015ftirilen birka\u00e7 ailenin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olduklar\u0131n\u0131n tasdik edildi\u011fi ve yerel y\u00f6neticilerin buna g\u00f6re davranmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtilmektedir.[6]<\/a><\/div>\n
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Ortak S\u00fclaleler<\/b><\/div>\n
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Hem\u015finlilerin iki grubunun akrabal\u0131k ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n en belirgin g\u00f6stergelerinden biri de s\u00fclale adlar\u0131d\u0131r. Basit bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmayla Babo\u011flu, Bekaro\u011flu,\u00a0 Ko\u00e7alo\u011flu, Be\u015firo\u011flu, Bo\u015fnako\u011flu, Civeleko\u011flu, \u00c7olo\u011flu, Galatao\u011flu, Gediko\u011flu, Tataro\u011flu, \u011eaza\u011flu, Xortolo\u015fo\u011flu, Karaalio\u011flu, Kol\u00e7ako\u011flu, Kotilo\u011flu, K\u00f6seo\u011flu, Lazo\u011flu, Makaro\u011flu, Mara\u015fo\u011flu, Topalo\u011flu, Ya\u011fc\u0131o\u011flu gibi bir\u00e7ok s\u00fclalenin iki grupta da var oldu\u011funu tespit etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Minaso\u011flu, Partalo\u011flu, Kasparo\u011flu, Ha\u00e7iko\u011flu, Hotigo\u011flu, Dertaro\u011flu gibi Ermenice s\u00fclale adlar\u0131 da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hopa\u2019daki Hem\u015finlilerde k\u00f6kenleriyle ilgili bir\u00e7ok kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir\u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fma olabilir. Ama tamam\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye Hem\u015fin\u2019den geldiklerini s\u00f6ylemekte teredd\u00fct etmezler. Bat\u0131 grubunda ise bu akrabal\u0131k genel kabul g\u00f6rmekle birlikte, Hem\u015fincenin Ermenicenin bir leh\u00e7esi oldu\u011fu ve Hem\u015finlilerin Ermeni k\u00f6kenleri s\u00f6z konusu edildi\u011finde aralar\u0131nda bir ay\u0131r\u0131m yapma e\u011filimi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. Ancak bu ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n Ermeni kimli\u011fiyle ili\u015fkilendirilmekten sak\u0131nman\u0131n kolay yolu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmek gerekir.<\/div>\n
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T\u00fcrk ve Ermeni Kimlik Alg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Hem\u015fin Kimli\u011fine Etkileri<\/b><\/div>\n
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T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fundan bug\u00fcne T\u00fcrk kimli\u011finin i\u00e7eri\u011fi hep tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ilkesel tan\u0131mlamalarla pragmatik tan\u0131mlamalar s\u00fcrekli olarak birbirine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, zaman zaman birbirinin yerine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bunun nedenini imparatorluk bakiyesi bir toplumdan bu bakiyenin hakim etnik unsuruna dayanan bir ulusal kimlik \u00e7\u0131karma \u00e7abas\u0131nda g\u00f6rmek gerekir. Zaman zaman Osmanl\u0131 bakiyesinin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman unsurlar\u0131na vurgu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, zaman zaman \u00c7anakkale ve Kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerinden farkl\u0131 etnik ve dinsel k\u00f6kenlerden gelseler de toplumu olu\u015fturan b\u00fct\u00fcn unsurlar\u0131n kayna\u015farak herhangi bir etnisiteye dayanmayan modern T\u00fcrk ulusunu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. Ancak k\u00f6kenleri Metehan\u2019a dayand\u0131r\u0131lan ordu, cumhuriyetten \u00e7ok daha ya\u015fl\u0131 olan onlarca kurum, cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 forsundaki y\u0131ld\u0131zlar, d\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrklerle ilgili mevzuat, az\u0131nl\u0131k okullar\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 gereken T\u00fcrk soylu \u00f6\u011fretmenler vb. bir\u00e7ok uygulama ile T\u00fcrk kimli\u011finin ayn\u0131 zamanda bir etnik g\u00f6ndermesinin de oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebiliyoruz.\u00a0 Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla cumhuriyetin az\u0131nl\u0131klarla ilgili politikalar\u0131yla birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman s\u00f6yleminin de kayna\u015farak yeni bir ulus yaratt\u0131k s\u00f6yleminin de pragmatik s\u00f6ylemler oldu\u011funu rahatl\u0131kla s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Yer adlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, farkl\u0131 dil ve leh\u00e7elerin bask\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve yayg\u0131n resmi e\u011fitim vb. ile birle\u015fen pragmatik s\u00f6ylemler farkl\u0131 etnik kimliklere sahip insanlar\u0131n kendilerini T\u00fcrk (M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k \u00fczerinden veya kader ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinden) \u00a0kimli\u011fi ile tan\u0131mlamaya ba\u015flamalar\u0131 sonucunu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn etnik gruplar i\u00e7in belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ge\u00e7erli olan bu durumun Hem\u015finliler \u00fczerindeki etkisinin benzerlerine oranla daha fazla oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Bunun nedeninin Ermeni kimli\u011fine ili\u015fkin alg\u0131lar olu\u015fturuyor.<\/div>\n
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H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k hem Ermenilerin hem de ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n Ermeni kimlik alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor diyebiliriz. Hem\u015finlilerle ilgili bir\u00e7ok makalede Ermeni yazarlar din de\u011fi\u015ftiren\/de\u011fi\u015ftirmek zorunda kalan Hem\u015finlileri, Ermenice konu\u015ftuklar\u0131, Ermeni geleneklerini ya\u015fatt\u0131klar\u0131 halde Tacikle\u015fmi\u015f\/T\u00fcrkle\u015fmi\u015f olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yorlar.[7]<\/a> Benzer \u015fekilde Hadig (Hem\u015fin K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Ya\u015fatma Derne\u011fi) facebook sayfalar\u0131nda kimlik tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ermenilerin asla H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u0131rakmad\u0131klar\u0131,\u00a0 Ermeni demenin H\u0131ristiyan demek oldu\u011fu, Hem\u015finlilerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir\u00e7ok yoruma rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/div>\n
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Etnik olarak T\u00fcrk olmayan\u0131 da M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k ve kader birli\u011fi zemini \u00fczerinden ku\u015fatan T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fi alg\u0131s\u0131 ile H\u0131ristiyan olmayan\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u0131rakan Ermeni kimli\u011fi alg\u0131s\u0131 Hem\u015finlilerin kimli\u011finin olu\u015fumunda \u00f6nemli etkiler b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hem\u015finliler aras\u0131ndaki dinsel farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kimlik alg\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerindeki yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirgin farkl\u0131l\u0131kta bu etkiyi g\u00f6zlemlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finliler i\u00e7in Hem\u015finlili\u011fin anlam\u0131 daha \u00e7ok belirli bir co\u011frafyaya ait olmak ve Ermenicenin bir leh\u00e7esini konu\u015fmakt\u0131r. T\u0131pk\u0131 Vanl\u0131, Sasonlu, Diyarbak\u0131rl\u0131 Ermeni gibi Ermeni kimli\u011finden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir etnik kimli\u011fi ifade etmez. \u00a0M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finliler i\u00e7in ise Hem\u015finlilik daha \u00e7ok bir etnik kimli\u011fi ifade eder. Bu durum Hem\u015finlili\u011fin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fmayla birlikte Ermeni kimli\u011fi ile aras\u0131na mesafe koyarken, ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrkle\u015fmeye diren\u00e7 g\u00f6steren bir kimlik olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir g\u00f6stergesi say\u0131labilir. Bu durumun bir \u00f6rne\u011fini Sakarya Hem\u015finlilerinin k\u00f6ylerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir gezi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ilgin\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. \u00c7evrede bulunan k\u00f6yleri tan\u0131t\u0131rken Hem\u015finliler, Laz k\u00f6y\u00fc, Abhaz k\u00f6y\u00fc, Hem\u015fin k\u00f6y\u00fc ve T\u00fcrk k\u00f6y\u00fc \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlamalar yap\u0131yorlar. T\u00fcrk olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6ylerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan k\u00f6y ahalisinin T\u00fcrk olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u0131 ima etti\u011fi soruldu\u011funda ise muhatab\u0131m\u0131z, soruyu \u2018T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde ya\u015f\u0131yorsak Laz\u0131, \u00c7erkesi, Hem\u015finlisi ile hepimiz T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcz\u2019 \u015feklinde yan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum Hem\u015finlilerin T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fiyle en fazla ileti\u015fim halinde olanlar\u0131n\u0131n bile etnik kimlik olarak T\u00fcrk ile kendisini ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/div>\n
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Siyasal Tutumlar ve Hem\u015fin Kimli\u011fi<\/b><\/div>\n
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Hem\u015finlilerin ve Ermenilerin Hem\u015fin kimli\u011fi ile ilgili alg\u0131lar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fken de siyasal tutumlard\u0131r. Hadig Facebook sayfas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalardan rahatl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc, sosyalist veya liberal tutumlara sahip Hem\u015finliler i\u00e7erisinde Hem\u015finli kimli\u011finin Ermeni kimli\u011fi ile ili\u015fkisi genel kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcrken, sa\u011f, milliyet\u00e7i, muhafazak\u00e2r siyasal tutumlara sahip olanlar Hem\u015finlili\u011fi daha \u00e7ok T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fi ile ili\u015fkilendirdikleri veya Ermeni kimli\u011fi ile ili\u015fkilendirilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.[8]<\/a> Kurulu d\u00fczen kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda muhalif tutum alan siyasal tutumlara sahip ki\u015filerin resmi ideolojiyle ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131flamas\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc siyasal gruplar\u0131n genel olarak kimlik gruplar\u0131n\u0131n hak taleplerini destekleyen politikalara sahip olmalar\u0131 bu durumu desteklemektedir. Farkl\u0131 dinamikleri olmakla birlikte benzer bir durumun Ermenilerin siyasal tutumlar\u0131 ve Hem\u015fin kimli\u011fine ili\u015fkin alg\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu iddia edilebilir. Hem Hem\u015fince konu\u015fan hem de Hem\u015fince konu\u015famayan Hem\u015finliler i\u00e7erisinden \u00e7\u0131kan entelekt\u00fcellerin son d\u00f6nem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bunun kan\u0131t\u0131 say\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumun \u00c7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6rne\u011fini ise Hem\u015fince bilmedi\u011fi halde yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir davada anadilde savunma yapmak istedi\u011fini belirtip, iki kelime Hem\u015fince konu\u015ftuktan sonra asimilasyon politikalar\u0131 nedeniyle anadilinde savunma yapamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan bir savunmay\u0131 mahkemeye veren Hem\u015finli bir gazeteci ortaya koydu.<\/div>\n
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Hem\u015finli T\u00fcrk ya da Ermeni D\u00f6nmesi De\u011fil, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015fin Ermenisi<\/b><\/div>\n
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T\u00fcrk ulusla\u015fma s\u00fcrecinin bir boyutu da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Gayrit\u00fcrk halklar\u0131n T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmesidir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok fakt\u00f6rle birlikte \u00f6nemli bir i\u015flev g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. K\u00fcrt \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hareketinin ve uluslar aras\u0131 durumun etkisi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halklar\u0131n kimlik taleplerini g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hem\u015finlilerin kendi kimliklerine ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerine ili\u015fkin yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve hak talepleriyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olmas\u0131, din unsurunun Hem\u015fin kimli\u011fi alg\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisini azaltmaktad\u0131r. Dinsel farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ra\u011fmen, gelenekler, bayramlar, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemden gelen dualar, bat\u0131l inan\u00e7lar vb. k\u00fclt\u00fcrler unsurlar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr olduk\u00e7a Hem\u015finli kimli\u011fi ile Ermeni kimli\u011fini birbirine yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum bir yandan Hem\u015finli T\u00fcrk alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatan bir etki yaparken, \u00f6te yandan H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131kla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015f Ermeni alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da geriletmektedir. Birbirini besleyen bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 Hem\u015finli T\u00fcrk ve Ermeni D\u00f6nmesi alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yerine M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Ermeni alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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[1]<\/a> Levon Ha\u00e7ikyan, Hem\u015fin Gizemi, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1997<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[2]<\/a> BOA, TD.52,53.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[3]<\/a> H. Acaryan, Knnutyun Ham\u015feni Barbari, Yerevan, 1947<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[4]<\/a> http:\/\/www.karalahana.com\/makaleler\/tarih\/beeninghaus.htm<\/a> g. 20.10.2013<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[5]<\/a> Ritter, Carl:<\/b>Die Erdkunde von Asien18.Theil, Bd..IX, Theil 1 (Kleinasien)Berlin 1858<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[6]<\/a> http:\/\/www.hemsinli.com\/link_hemsinseceresi.php<\/a> g. 20.10.2013<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[7]<\/a> Hem\u015fin ve Hem\u015finli Ermeniler, Konferans Makaleleri, Yerevan 2007<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/hadigsayfa\/<\/a><\/div>\n
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http:\/\/www.hamshentsi.blogspot.com\/2013\/11\/hemsinli-kimligi-dil-din-kultur.html?m=1<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Hem\u015finli Kimli\u011fi \u00a0 Hem\u015fin kimli\u011fini anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak tarihsel, co\u011frafi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel nedenlerle ancak Ermeni ve T\u00fcrk kimliklerini de anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Ku\u015fkusuz bunun en \u00f6nemli nedeni Hem\u015finlilerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ya da ya\u015famak zorunda kald\u0131klar\u0131 dinsel, dilsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ayr\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeyidir. Bug\u00fcn kendisini Ermeni, T\u00fcrk, Hem\u015finli, H\u0131ristiyan, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Ateist vb. kimliklerinin biri, ikisi veya bir ka\u00e7\u0131yla […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,14,18,19,26,42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gunumuzde-bati-ermenileri","category-haberler","category-hemsin-tarihinden","category-hemsin-ve-hemsinliler","category-makaleler","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nHem\u015finli Kimli\u011fi: Dil, Din, K\u00fclt\u00fcr \/ Mahir \u00d6zkan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/02\/11\/hemsinli-kimligi-dil-din-kultur-mahir-ozkan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hem\u015finli Kimli\u011fi: Dil, Din, K\u00fclt\u00fcr \/ Mahir \u00d6zkan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0Hem\u015finli Kimli\u011fi \u00a0 Hem\u015fin kimli\u011fini anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak tarihsel, co\u011frafi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel nedenlerle ancak Ermeni ve T\u00fcrk kimliklerini de anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Ku\u015fkusuz bunun en \u00f6nemli nedeni Hem\u015finlilerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ya da ya\u015famak zorunda kald\u0131klar\u0131 dinsel, dilsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ayr\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeyidir. 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