{"id":27782,"date":"2014-01-10T06:12:22","date_gmt":"2014-01-10T11:12:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=27782"},"modified":"2014-01-10T06:12:22","modified_gmt":"2014-01-10T11:12:22","slug":"57-egitim-matbaa-sanat-ve-bilim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/01\/10\/57-egitim-matbaa-sanat-ve-bilim\/","title":{"rendered":"57. E\u011fitim, matbaa, sanat ve bilim"},"content":{"rendered":"

Okul<\/b><\/p>\n

\"De\u011ferli<\/a>
De\u011ferli rahip bilimadam\u0131 Grigor Tatevatsi, 1449 y\u0131l\u0131na ait bir elyazmas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Yabanc\u0131 i\u015fgalciler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen sava\u015flar ve onlar\u0131n uzun s\u00fcreli egemenlikleri, XV.-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Ermenistan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne korkun\u00e7 bir darbe vurur. Ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131llardaki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel canl\u0131l\u0131k hemen her yerde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6sterir, \u00e7ok say\u0131da okullar\u0131n faaliyetleri son bulur. XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda, sadece tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f teolog, filozof ve milli-dini lider Grigor Tatevatsi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen Tatev manast\u0131r\u0131 faaliyet g\u00f6stermekteydi. Zaman\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131na sahip olan Tatev \u00fcniversitesinde \u00f6\u011frenciler farkl\u0131 diller, aritmetik, m\u00fczik vs. e\u011fitimi almakta, bitirme tezleri haz\u0131rlad\u0131ktan sonra rahip derecesi alabilmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Grigor Tatevatsi, Timurlenk\u2019in ak\u0131nlar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde e\u011fitime ara vermeyip daha g\u00fcvenli yerlerde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek amac\u0131yla \u00f6\u011frencileriyle birlikte bir yerden di\u011ferine yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye mecbur kal\u0131r. XV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda faaliyet g\u00f6steren, \u011e\u0131rtim\u2019deki (K\u0131r\u0131m-\u00e7ev. notu) Ermenilere ait Anton manast\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n okulunda \u00f6\u011frenciler teoloji ve dilbilgisi haricinde, zaman bilimi, astronomi, aritmetik vs. de \u00f6\u011frenmekteydi. 1620\u2019li y\u0131llarda ise, daha sonra Ecmiadzin\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nacak olan Hovhanavank okulu kurulur.<\/p>\n

XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 30\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Nor (yeni-\u00e7ev. notu) Cu\u011fa (Culfa-\u00e7ev. notu) okulu kurulur. Bu okulun \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinden Kostand Cu\u011fayetsi, tacirler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli muhasebe nasihatlerinin yer buldu\u011fu bir aritmetik ders kitab\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu okulda takvim bilimi, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda bilgiler vs. \u00f6\u011fretilmekteydi. XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren Am\u0131rdol manast\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc okulu Ba\u011fe\u015f\u2019te (Bitlis) faaliyet g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flar. Ayn\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde S\u00fcnik\u2019te, S\u00fcnik B\u00fcy\u00fck manast\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n okulu faaliyete ba\u015flar. Bu okullar\u0131n mezunlar\u0131 da Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerine gidip okullar kurmaktayd\u0131. Bu okullara ek olarak k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler bulunmaktayd\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok okul, elyazmalar\u0131n\u0131n istinsah edilip \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc yaz\u0131m merkezlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Matbaa<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\u0130lk<\/a>
\u0130lk Ermeni matbaac\u0131 Hakob Me\u011fapart<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ermeni matbaac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli k\u00fclt\u00fcr edinimlerinden biridir. Matbaan\u0131n Johann G\u00fctenberg taraf\u0131ndan icad\u0131ndan sadece yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra, 1512\u2019de, \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Venedik \u015fehrinde ilk Ermenice bas\u0131l\u0131 kitap olan \u201cUrbatagirk\u201d yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f, ilk Ermeni matbaac\u0131 ise Hakob Me\u011fapart olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Abgar Tokhatetsi, o\u011flu Sultan\u015fah\u2019la birlikte, Ermenice kitaplar\u0131n bas\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015fini ayn\u0131 \u015fehirde tekrar ele al\u0131r. Matbaay\u0131 Konstantinopel\u2019e (\u0130stanbul-\u00e7ev. notu) ta\u015f\u0131yarak, \u00e7ok say\u0131da kitap basar. XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Lvov, Livorno ve Nor Cu\u011fa\u2019da matbaalar kurulup kitaplar bas\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1638 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nor Cu\u011fa\u2019da kurulan Ermenice matbaa, \u0130ran\u2019daki ilk matbaa olmu\u015f, matbaa gere\u00e7leri Avrupa\u2019dan getirilmi\u015f olmay\u0131p, yerinde, Ermeni ustalar taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1660\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda, Amsterdam\u2019da da Ermenice bas\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmekteydi. Ermenice \u0130ncil ve Arakel Davrijetsi\u2019nin \u201cGirk patmutyants\u201d (\u00e7evirmenin notu-\u201ctarih kitab\u0131\u201d) ilk olarak burada bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/21\/369<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

Edebiyat<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\u201cTa\u011faran\u201d<\/a>
\u201cTa\u011faran\u201d (dini \u015fark\u0131lar antolojisi)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ermeni edebiyat\u0131 XV.-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda yeni isimlerle ongunla\u015fmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. S\u00fcregelen d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7lerle ilgili ele al\u0131nan, gurbet\u00e7ili\u011fi yeren \u015fark\u0131lar ve a\u011f\u0131tlar geni\u015f yay\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6sterir. Bu \u015fark\u0131larda, vatan kayb\u0131 ve yaban ellerin ac\u0131s\u0131 yer bulmaktad\u0131r. XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan \u015fairlerinden biri olan M\u0131k\u0131rti\u00e7 Na\u011fa\u015f tabiat, g\u00fczellik ve gurbet\u00e7ilikle ilgili \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u015fiir yazm\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda ressam da oldu\u011fundan Na\u011fa\u015f (nakka\u015f-\u00e7ev. notu) olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. XV.-XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u015fairleri, dini-ahl\u00e2ki \u015fiirlerin haricinde, do\u011fa ve a\u015fkla ilgili dizeler yaz\u0131p d\u00fcnyevi \u015fark\u0131lar da bestelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u015fairi Nahapet Ku\u00e7ak, Ermeni edebiyat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015f, \u015fiirlerinde a\u015fk ve insan sevgisiyle ilgili derin fikirlere yer vermi\u015f ve m\u00fczikle de ilgilenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"\u201cA\u011fvesagirk\u201d<\/a>
\u201cA\u011fvesagirk\u201d (dini kitap)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u015fairlerinden olan Grigoris A\u011ftamartsi, Ardsruni kraliyet hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mensubu ve kral S\u0131mbat\u2019\u0131n torunu, ayn\u0131 zamanda da katolikosluk (Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin dini \u00f6nderli\u011fi-\u00e7ev. notu) taht\u0131n\u0131n b\u0131rak\u0131tsal varisiydi. \u015eair, Osmanl\u0131-Rus sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ve y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rg\u00fc \u015fahidi olarak, \u201cAraplar, dinleriyle milletimizi ate\u015f gibi yak\u0131yor\u201d,- diyerek yabanc\u0131 egemenli\u011fini k\u0131saca betimlemektedir.<\/p>\n

Grigoris A\u011ftamartsi, adalet ile bar\u0131\u015fa, ya\u015fama, bahara ve tabiata y\u00f6nelik a\u015fk\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmi\u015f ve hayat\u0131, \u00e7i\u00e7eklerinin insanlar\u0131n g\u00fczel i\u015fleri, dikenlerinin ise g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir bah\u00e7e ile k\u0131yaslam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cTa\u011faran\u201d ve \u201cA\u011fvesagirk\u201d antolojileri geni\u015f \u00e7apta yayg\u0131nl\u0131k elde etmi\u015flerdi. \u201cTa\u011faranlarda\u201d halk \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 edebi yap\u0131tlar derlenmekte, \u201cA\u011fvesagirk\u201d se\u00e7kilerinde ise meseller ve f\u0131kra \u015feklindeki eserler yer bulmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

XV.-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Ermeni edebiyat\u0131, di\u011fer dillerden yap\u0131lan edebi \u00e7evirilerle zenginle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Seyahatnameler, edebi bir tarza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Ermeni seyyahlar, XV.-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda zengin bir edebiyat olu\u015fturur (Martiros Yerz\u0131nkatsi, Simeon Lehatsi vd.).<\/p>\n

Sanat<\/b><\/p>\n

\""1.\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ekonomik ve siyasi a\u00e7\u0131dan a\u011f\u0131r durumu, sanat\u0131n geli\u015fmesine de damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurur. Olumsuz \u015fartlara ra\u011fmen, baz\u0131 sanat dallar\u0131 geli\u015fmesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle elyazmas\u0131 eserlerin resimlendirilmesi (minyat\u00fcr) alan\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131lar g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclecek nitelikteydi. Minyat\u00fcrlerde, dini ve d\u00fcnyevi ya\u015famdan al\u0131nan \u00f6\u011feler resmedilmekteydi. Meryem Ana, \u0130sa Mesih, \u0130ncilciler ve di\u011fer \u0130ncil konular\u0131 ve resimleri en sevilen konulardan olup, Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki \u00f6nemli \u00f6nderlerinden Grigor Lusavori\u00e7, Yeznik Ko\u011fbatsi, Grigor Narekatsi, Grigor Tatevatsi ve di\u011ferleri de resmedilmekteydi. XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l elyazmalar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen, Avarayr Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019yla ilgili resimler sayesinde Ermeni ressamlar, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcrriyetperver ruhunu canl\u0131 tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"Ejder<\/a>
Ejder motifli hal\u0131, XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Hakob Cu\u011fayetsi, Avag, Minas vd. en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Ermeni minyat\u00fcr ressamlar\u0131ndan olmu\u015ftur. XV.-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131nda Vaspurakan (Van b\u00f6lgesi-\u00e7ev. notu), Karin (Erzurum-\u00e7ev. notu), Nor Cu\u011fa ve \u011e\u0131rim minyat\u00fcr okullar\u0131 \u00fcnlenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, uygulamal\u0131 sanat dal\u0131 da \u00f6nemli geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. Bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeye ihra\u00e7 edilen Ermeni hal\u0131lar\u0131 son drece \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc. \u00d6zellikle Ermeni ejder hal\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fcnlenmi\u015fti. Sanat de\u011feri y\u00fcksek kuyum ve resim kollar\u0131 da Ermeni cemaatlerinin bulundu\u011fu yerlerde \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Nor Cu\u011fa\u2019dan Rus \u00e7ar\u0131 Aleksey Mikhayilovi\u00e7\u2019e arma\u011fan edilen elmas kakmal\u0131 taht bir sanat harikas\u0131yd\u0131. 1666 y\u0131l\u0131nda Moskova\u2019ya yerle\u015fen, Nor Cu\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n Ermeni sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan Bogdan (Astvadsatur) Saltanov, Silah Saray\u0131\u2019nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p, Rus sanat\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi konusunda \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, kha\u00e7kar (\u201cha\u00e7ta\u015f\u201d Ermenilere \u00f6zg\u00fc bir ta\u015f sanat\u0131-\u00e7ev. notu) sanat\u0131 geli\u015fmesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekteydi. Kha\u00e7karlar, an\u0131 olarak, mezar ta\u015f\u0131 yerine kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Noratus ve Hin (eski-\u00e7ev. notu) Cu\u011fa mezarl\u0131klar\u0131nda bunlar\u0131n \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6rnekleri bulunmaktayd\u0131. Cu\u011fa mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Ermeni khocalar (zenginler, ileri gelenler-\u00e7ev. notu) taraf\u0131ndan 10 binin \u00fczerinde g\u00fczel ve zengin s\u00fcslemeli kha\u00e7kar ve ko\u00e7 \u015feklinde mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 dikilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Tahta oymac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fyap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan say\u0131lan ve Sevan\u2019daki Arakelots kilisesi i\u00e7in 1486 y\u0131l\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan kap\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Ermenistan Tarih M\u00fczesi\u2019nde korunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mimari<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Tatev\u2019in<\/a>
Tatev\u2019in tahkim edilmi\u015f manast\u0131r\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Medsopavank manast\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n yeni kilisesi i\u00e7in Yunanl\u0131 bir mimar\u0131n davet edilmesi, XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l Ermeni yap\u0131 sanat\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0131\u015favurumudur. XV.-XVI y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n Ermeni mimarisinin geli\u015fimini, \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 siyasi ve ekonomik durumun haricinde, dini ba\u011fnazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da engellemi\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 30\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren yetenekli mimar Nekemat taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilen Amit\u2019in (Diyarbak\u0131r) muhte\u015fem kubbeli Ermeni kilisesi, g\u00fczelli\u011fi ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle \u015fehirdeki camilerden \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131kt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kiliselere ek olarak \u00e7an kulelerinin in\u015fas\u0131, XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l Ermeni mimarisinde geni\u015f yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Ecmiadsin Ana Katedrali \u00e7an kulesi de bu d\u00f6nemde in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"Kasa\u011f<\/a>
Kasa\u011f K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc, XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Ermenistan\u2019da, H\u0131razdan, Kasakh, Vorotan, Me\u011fri ve daha ba\u015fka nehirler \u00fczerinde bir dizi tek kemerli ve \u00e7ok kemerli k\u00f6pr\u00fcler kurulur. Bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar faaldir.<\/p>\n

XVI.-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l yap\u0131lar\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131llarda oldu\u011fu gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck feodal beylerin yerine, zengin t\u00fcccarlar taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmekteydi. Kilise ve manast\u0131rlar\u0131n sa\u011flam surlarla \u00e7evrilmesi ve bunlar\u0131n kale-kiliselere \u00e7evrilmesi (Tatev, Ge\u011fard, Khor Virap, Halidzor, Astapat, Agulis vs.), belirtilen d\u00f6nemdeki Ermeni mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerindendi. Baz\u0131 kale-kiliseler, ikili surlar ve ku\u015fatma esnas\u0131nda nehirlerden su alabilmek amac\u0131yla yer alt\u0131 t\u00fcnelleriyle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7evredeki halk da tehlike esnas\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla buralara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

XV.-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n Ermeni mimarlar\u0131, T\u00fcrk mimari sanat\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmetler vermi\u015ftir. Ermeni mimar Sinan, Konstantinopel\u2019de onlarca saray, cami ve de\u011fi\u015fik binalar in\u015fa etmi\u015ftir. XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan ba\u015flayarak, Konstantinopel\u2019de, hassa mimar\u0131 g\u00f6revi \u00fc\u00e7 as\u0131r boyunca Balyan s\u00fclalesinin temsilcilerine teslim edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bilim<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Amirdovlat<\/a>
Amirdovlat Amasyatsi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

XV.-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda bilim, manast\u0131rlara ait okullarda geli\u015fmekteydi. Belirtilen d\u00f6nemde, baz\u0131 Ermeni takvim bilimcileri, tarih\u00e7iler ve t\u0131p uzmanlar\u0131, faaliyetleriyle derin bir iz b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck bilimsel emek sahibi Hakob \u011e\u0131rimetsi\u2019nin, \u201cMeknutyun tomari\u201d (zaman bilimi a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131-\u00e7ev. notu) ve \u201cBnutyan masin\u201d (Tabiat hakk\u0131nda-\u00e7ev. notu) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre Ermeni okullar\u0131nda ders kitab\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fhekim Amirdovlat Amasiatsi, en \u00fcnl\u00fc Orta\u00e7a\u011f Ermeni tabiat bilimleri temsilcilerinden olup, bir hekim olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcne sahip olarak, Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel hekimli\u011fini yapm\u0131\u015f ve kitaplar\u0131nda, kullanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu t\u00fcm ila\u00e7 ve bitkilerin \u00f6zelliklerini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitaplar\u0131n\u0131, herkes i\u00e7in anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olmas\u0131 niyetiyle zaman\u0131n konu\u015fma diliyle kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"Arakel<\/a>
Arakel Davrijetsi, \u201cTarih Kitab\u0131\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tarih bilimi alan\u0131nda da baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu ve XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda vuku bulan olaylar, tarih\u00e7i Tovma Medsopetsi taraf\u0131ndan betimlenmi\u015ftir. Tovma\u2019n\u0131n, Timurlenk\u2019in ak\u0131nlar\u0131yla ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, Ermenistan ile kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerin XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l tarihiyle ilgili son derece \u00f6nemli bir kaynak niteli\u011findedir. Tovma Metsopetsi, tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylar\u0131n zamanda\u015f\u0131 ve g\u00f6rg\u00fc \u015fahidi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yaz\u0131lan tarih \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, Arakel Davrijetsi\u2019nin \u201cPatmutyun\u201d (tarih-\u00e7ev. notu) kitab\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r. Davrijetsi, XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131ndaki Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ve kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerin siyasi tarihini, Ermeni kolonilerinde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren durumu vs. ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan tarih\u00e7ilerinden biri Zakaria Kanakertsi olup, \u201cPatmutyun\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcp duydu\u011fu olaylar haricinde, Ar\u015fakuni hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tesisinden ba\u015flayarak, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n daha \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerinin tarihini de anlatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc bilim adam\u0131 Yeremia \u00c7elebi K\u00f6m\u00fcrc\u00fcyan da Ermeni tarih bilimine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, tarihbilimsel ve co\u011frafi bir\u00e7ok eserler haricinde, Ermeni manast\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n haritas\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/21\/372<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Okul Yabanc\u0131 i\u015fgalciler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen sava\u015flar ve onlar\u0131n uzun s\u00fcreli egemenlikleri, XV.-XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Ermenistan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne korkun\u00e7 bir darbe vurur. Ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131llardaki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel canl\u0131l\u0131k hemen her yerde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6sterir, \u00e7ok say\u0131da okullar\u0131n faaliyetleri son bulur. XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda, sadece tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f teolog, filozof ve milli-dini lider Grigor Tatevatsi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen Tatev manast\u0131r\u0131 faaliyet g\u00f6stermekteydi. Zaman\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n57. E\u011fitim, matbaa, sanat ve bilim - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2014\/01\/10\/57-egitim-matbaa-sanat-ve-bilim\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"57. 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