{"id":27274,"date":"2013-12-06T03:53:34","date_gmt":"2013-12-06T08:53:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=27274"},"modified":"2013-12-06T03:53:34","modified_gmt":"2013-12-06T08:53:34","slug":"iran-ve-osmanli-idari-bolunmesinde-ermenistan-ve-ermeni-yonetimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/12\/06\/iran-ve-osmanli-idari-bolunmesinde-ermenistan-ve-ermeni-yonetimi\/","title":{"rendered":"54. \u0130ran ve Osmanl\u0131 idari b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinde Ermenistan ve Ermeni y\u00f6netimi"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

\"XVII.-<\/a>
XVII.- XVIII.y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Ermenistan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130ran b\u00fcnyesindeki Do\u011fu Ermenistan<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130ran ve Osmanl\u0131 devletleri hen\u00fcz XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, i\u015fgal etmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 Ermenistan topraklar\u0131nda istikrarl\u0131 bir idari sistem tesis etmeyi denemekteydi. Bu durum, ancak 1639 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra, uzun s\u00fcreli bir bar\u0131\u015f elde edildikten sonra ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019da, idari birimler olarak vilayetler veya beylerbeylikler olu\u015fturulur. Bu b\u00f6lgelerin y\u00f6neticileri, beylerbeyi veya han olarak an\u0131l\u0131p, belli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in, \u015fah taraf\u0131ndan tayin edilmekteydi. Bu y\u00f6neticilerin g\u00f6revi, y\u00f6netimlerine teslim edilmi\u015f olan b\u00f6lgede i\u00e7 dirlik ve d\u00fczenin korunmak, yabanc\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lardan korunmak ve \u015fah\u0131n hazinesine \u00f6denecek olan vergileri toplamakt\u0131. Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00f6netim kurumu divanhane olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Hanlar\u0131n kendi ordusu, mahkemesi ve polis g\u00fcc\u00fc bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Vilayetler mahallere b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00d6rne\u011fin Yerevan vilayeti 15 mahale ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Her bir mahal, han taraf\u0131ndan atanan kendi idarecisine sahip olup nayip, mirb\u00f6l\u00fck veya melik olarak an\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Bu g\u00f6revliler Yerevan hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mirb\u00f6l\u00fck olarak an\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Bu ki\u015filer, kendilerine tabi olan mahalin kati efendisiydi. Mahal y\u00f6neticileri de k\u00f6ylerde, malsahibi veya k\u00f6y meliki olarak an\u0131lan kendi g\u00f6revlilerine sahipti.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019da, Yerevan ve Gandzak (Gence-\u00e7ev. notu) vilayetlerine siyasi ve askeri a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli bir yer verilmekteydi. \u015eah Abbas, Yerevan Vilayeti\u2019nini ilk y\u00f6neticisi olarak, g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan komutanlar\u0131ndan biri olan Amirguna han\u0131 tayin eder. \u0130ran devletinin bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131, bu ki\u015fiye emanet edilmi\u015fti. Amirguna han, vilayetin ekonomisini aya\u011fa kald\u0131rmak ve Osmanl\u0131lardan korumak amac\u0131yla, tehcir nedeniyle bo\u015falm\u0131\u015f olan Ararat Ovas\u0131 ve \u00e7evre b\u00f6lgelere yeniden insanlar\u0131n yerle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Han bu niyetle, Osmanl\u0131 egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda bulunan Ermeni b\u00f6lgelerine baz\u0131 ak\u0131nlar d\u00fczenler ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da Ermeni\u2019yi Yerevan ve Ararat Ovas\u0131\u2019na nakleder.<\/p>\n

Amirguna, Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ihtiva eden Yerevan Vilayeti\u2019ni 20 y\u0131l (1605-1625) y\u00f6netir. Han, \u00fclkedeki toprak ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczenlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Eski toprak sahipleri, devlet g\u00f6revlileri ve manast\u0131rlar, eski haklar\u0131na tekrar kavu\u015fur. Sulama sistemi ve vergiler d\u00fczenlenir. Ermeni halk\u0131, \u00fclkeyi mamur etmeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Ekonomi geli\u015fir, harabeye d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f olan k\u00f6yler ve \u015fehirler tekrar yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f manast\u0131rlar ve kiliseler yeniden in\u015fa edilir. \u00d6zellikle Ecmiadsin\u2019deki (Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin dini merkezi-\u00e7ev. notu) kiliseler restore edilir. Zanaatlar ve ticaret hareketlenir. Yerevan, Nakhicevan, Agulis ve Gandzak geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Ermenistan b\u00fcnyesinde bulunan Nakhicevan b\u00f6lgesi, belli bir s\u00fcre sonra Yerevan Vilayeti\u2019ne ba\u011flan\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lge S\u00fcnik\u2019in bat\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131 ile Nakhicevan b\u00f6lgesini i\u00e7ine almaktayd\u0131. Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleri Tebriz Vilayeti d\u00e2hilindeydi (Maku, Kapan, Khoy, Salmast).<\/p>\n

Artsakh ve Utik meliklikleri, S\u00fcnik\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131yla birlikte Gandzak Vilayeti\u2019ne d\u00e2hil olmakla birlikte, genellikle do\u011frudan \u0130ran \u015fah\u0131na tabi olmaktayd\u0131. Lori ve Tavu\u015f, G\u00fcrc\u00fc (Kartveli) Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n idaresi alt\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n idari b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi<\/b><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 devletine ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan Ermeni topraklar\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan idari birimler eyalet olarak an\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Daha sonraki d\u00f6nemde bu b\u00f6lgeler pa\u015fal\u0131klara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bu b\u00f6lgeler Kars, \u00c7\u0131ld\u0131r, Arz\u0131rum (Erzurum-\u00e7ev. notu), Van, Diarbekir (Diyarbak\u0131r-\u00e7ev. notu), Mara\u015f, S\u0131vas (Sivas-\u00e7ev. notu) ve Adana eyaletleriydi. Eyaletin idaresi, padi\u015fah taraf\u0131ndan tayin edilmi\u015f olan pa\u015fan\u0131n elinde bulunmaktayd\u0131. Eyaletler sancaklara b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Her bir sancak kendi y\u00f6neticisi ve g\u00f6revlilerine sahipti. Bu g\u00f6revliler pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan tayin ediliyor ve do\u011frudan kendisine tabiydi. Sancak y\u00f6neticisi bey de, pa\u015fan\u0131n eyalette sahip oldu\u011fu haklar\u0131n ayn\u0131s\u0131na kendi sanca\u011f\u0131nda sahipti.<\/p>\n

Beyler, kendi sancaklar\u0131nda vergilerin zaman\u0131nda toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 denetlemekte, halk aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmekte, dirlik d\u00fczeni sa\u011flamakta ve yarg\u0131lamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6ylerdeki y\u00f6netim k\u00f6y\u00fcn malsahibinin (res) elinde bulunmaktayd\u0131. Res, k\u00f6ye tayin edilen vergilerin toplanmak, k\u00f6ylerdeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek, k\u00f6ye gelen g\u00f6revlileri a\u011f\u0131rlamak ve yukar\u0131dan gelen t\u00fcm talimatlar\u0131 yerine getirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 devletinde, g\u00f6revlilerin tayin edilme sistemi son derece k\u00f6t\u00fcyd\u00fc. G\u00f6revler, basit al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f malzemesiydi. Herhangi birini pa\u015fal\u0131k g\u00f6revine tayin eden padi\u015fah, g\u00f6revi alandan, eyaletin bir y\u0131ll\u0131k vergi miktar\u0131n\u0131 devlet hazinesine \u00f6demesini talep etmekteydi. Pa\u015faya, vergileri kendi yarar\u0131na g\u00f6re toplama hakk\u0131 verilmekteydi. Pa\u015fa da, sancak y\u00f6neticileri tayin etti\u011finde ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde davranmaktayd\u0131. Pa\u015fa veya sancak y\u00f6neticisi tayin etmek i\u00e7in giderek daha fazla miktarlar talep edilmekteydi. R\u00fc\u015fvetle g\u00f6reve tayin etmek o denli ola\u011fanla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ki, bu g\u00f6revler a\u00e7\u0131k artt\u0131rmaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00f6revli her y\u0131l, haklar\u0131n\u0131 r\u00fc\u015fvet sayesinde yeniletmeliydi. Bunu yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, bu g\u00f6rev, daha fazla para veren bir ba\u015fkas\u0131na ge\u00e7mekteydi.<\/p>\n

R\u00fc\u015fvet, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda fantastik boyutlara ula\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Avrupal\u0131 seyyahlar ve tarih\u00e7iler bunu tasdik etmektedir. T\u00fcm g\u00f6revler al\u0131n\u0131p, sat\u0131l\u0131yordu ve her g\u00f6revli kendi \u00fcst\u00fcne belli bir miktar \u00f6demeye mecburdu. T\u00fcm bunlar, basit halk, \u00f6zellikle de H\u0131ristiyan Ermenilerin korkun\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131yla \u00f6denmekteydi.<\/p>\n

S\u0131k-s\u0131k tekrarlanan \u00e7ocuk toplamalar Ermeni halk\u0131 i\u00e7in bir belaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve uzun boylu erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131n emriyle toplanmakta, dinleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilmekte ve askerlik hizmetine al\u0131nmaktayd\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun elit birliklerini olu\u015fturan yeni\u00e7eri birlikleri bu \u00e7ocuklardan olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Ermeni beylikleri<\/b><\/p>\n

Ermenistan\u2019da egemenlik s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan t\u00fcm i\u015fgalciler, Ermeni y\u00f6netici ailelerini ve Ermeni y\u00f6neticileri ortadan kald\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7lerinden bir k\u0131sm\u0131, varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k ve ula\u015f\u0131lmaz b\u00f6lgelerinde korumu\u015f ve XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar var olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ermeni feodallerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u015fgalcilere tabi olup, varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015f, di\u011ferleri ise i\u015fgalcilerin bask\u0131lar\u0131na dayanamayarak \u00fclkeden g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ermeni y\u00f6neticilerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 da kendi \u015fahsi topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in, bu topraklar\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak kiliseye teslim edip din adam\u0131 payesi alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ki\u015filer paronter<\/i> ad\u0131yla an\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ermeni y\u00f6neticilerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 da, i\u015fgalcilerin egemenli\u011fini kabul edip onlara tabi olmakla birlikte, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm imk\u00e2nlar\u0131yla korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ba\u015flar\u0131nda meliklerin bulundu\u011fu S\u00fcnik, Artsakh ve Ge\u011farkunik meliklikleri bu t\u00fcr beyliklerdendi. Kha\u00e7en ve Varanda meliklikleri, daha XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde G\u00fclistan, C\u0131raberd, Dizak ve S\u00fcnik b\u00f6lgelerinde de meliklikler olu\u015fturulur. Melikler, Artsakh ve S\u00fcnik\u2019in eski Ermeni beylik hanedanl\u0131klar\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 olup, haklar\u0131 \u0130ran \u015fahlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Melikler, do\u011frudan \u015faha tabi olup, \u015fah\u0131, kendilerinin en \u00fcst egemenleri olarak tan\u0131maktayd\u0131. Meliklerin kendi \u015fatolar\u0131, ordusu ve g\u00f6revlileri vard\u0131. Tebaalar olarak \u015faha sadece vergi vermekteydiler. Melkin mevkisi b\u0131rak\u0131tsal olmakla birlikte, vefat eden melikin g\u00f6revinin miras\u0131 \u015fah taraf\u0131ndan tasdik edilmeliydi. Vergileri melikler tayin etmekte ve t\u00fcm anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 onlar \u00e7\u00f6zmekteydi. Meliklerin egemenli\u011fi k\u00f6ylerde malsahipleri taraf\u0131ndan uygulanmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f zaman\u0131nda melikler ordular\u0131yla \u015fah\u0131n huzuruna \u00e7\u0131kmaya ve \u00fclkeyi yabanc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 korumaya mecburdu. Melikler geni\u015f topraklara sahip olup, bu topraklardan elde ettikleri gelir sadece kendilerine aitti.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n \u015eatakh (\u00c7atak-\u00e7ev. notu), Moks (M\u00fck\u00fcs, Bah\u00e7esaray-\u00e7ev. notu), Sasun (Sason-\u00e7ev. notu), Zeytun (S\u00fcleymanl\u0131-\u00e7ev. notu), Ham\u015fen (Hem\u015fin-\u00e7ev. notu) ve daha ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelerinde Ermeni y\u00f6neticiler kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kilikya\u2019da, da\u011flarla \u00e7evrili k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir vadide bulunan Zeytun, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n tarihinde \u00f6zel bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r. Burada 20-30 bin Ermeni ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. Bu halk, XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 devletine dahi tabi olmamaktayd\u0131. Ancak uzun bir m\u00fccadeleden sonra, i\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 elde tutma \u015fart\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 devletine vergi vermeyi kabul ederler. Bu h\u00fcrriyet oca\u011f\u0131, XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 60\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar yar\u0131 \u00f6zerk stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc korumu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Ermeni beylikleri, Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da, Osmanl\u0131 ve \u0130ran egemenliklerine kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen m\u00fccadelede \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu beylikler, Ermeni kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesinin uyan\u0131\u015f ve te\u015fkilatlanma ocaklar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/21\/345<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u0130ran b\u00fcnyesindeki Do\u011fu Ermenistan \u0130ran ve Osmanl\u0131 devletleri hen\u00fcz XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, i\u015fgal etmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 Ermenistan topraklar\u0131nda istikrarl\u0131 bir idari sistem tesis etmeyi denemekteydi. Bu durum, ancak 1639 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra, uzun s\u00fcreli bir bar\u0131\u015f elde edildikten sonra ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131r. Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019da, idari birimler olarak vilayetler veya beylerbeylikler olu\u015fturulur. Bu b\u00f6lgelerin y\u00f6neticileri, beylerbeyi veya han olarak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27274","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n54. \u0130ran ve Osmanl\u0131 idari b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinde Ermenistan ve Ermeni y\u00f6netimi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/12\/06\/iran-ve-osmanli-idari-bolunmesinde-ermenistan-ve-ermeni-yonetimi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"54. \u0130ran ve Osmanl\u0131 idari b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinde Ermenistan ve Ermeni y\u00f6netimi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"  \u0130ran b\u00fcnyesindeki Do\u011fu Ermenistan \u0130ran ve Osmanl\u0131 devletleri hen\u00fcz XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, i\u015fgal etmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 Ermenistan topraklar\u0131nda istikrarl\u0131 bir idari sistem tesis etmeyi denemekteydi. Bu durum, ancak 1639 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra, uzun s\u00fcreli bir bar\u0131\u015f elde edildikten sonra ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131r. Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019da, idari birimler olarak vilayetler veya beylerbeylikler olu\u015fturulur. 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