{"id":27198,"date":"2013-12-02T01:05:43","date_gmt":"2013-12-02T06:05:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=27198"},"modified":"2013-12-02T01:05:43","modified_gmt":"2013-12-02T06:05:43","slug":"en-uzun-yuzyilimiz-asr-i-fisleme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/12\/02\/en-uzun-yuzyilimiz-asr-i-fisleme\/","title":{"rendered":"En uzun y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131m\u0131z: ‘Asr-\u0131 fi\u015fleme’"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"AY\u015eE<\/a>AY\u015eE H\u00dcR<\/b><\/p>\n

Emniyet’in Gezi isyan\u0131na kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 78’inin Alevi oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin raporu vesilesiyle devletin kadim fi\u015fleme politikalar\u0131na dair tarihsel \u00f6rnekleri an\u0131msayal\u0131m. <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Haziran ay\u0131nda \u2018Gezi \u0130syan\u0131\u2019 s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nan 5.513 ki\u015fi \u00fczerinde Emniyet \u00e7evreleri (?) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya (?) g\u00f6re \u201cisyana kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 78\u2019inin Alevi oldu\u011funa\u201d dair bir rapor haberi bu haftan\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131na esin kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu. Her ne kadar, \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 haberin bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yalanlad\u0131ysa da, haber devletin kadim fi\u015fleme\/etiketleme\/damgalama\/i\u015faretleme politikalar\u0131na dair tarihsel \u00f6rnekleri an\u0131msamama neden oldu. Ancak o kadar \u00e7ok olay an\u0131msad\u0131m ki, yaz\u0131ya d\u00f6kerken, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc atlamak, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ise k\u0131sa k\u0131sa anlatmak zorunda kald\u0131m.<\/p>\n

TAHR\u0130R DEFTERLER\u0130<\/b>
\nOsmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda devlet halk\u0131n\u0131 15-16. Y\u00fczy\u0131llardan itibaren tahrir defterleri (genel n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131), 17-19. y\u00fczy\u0131llardan itibaren avar\u0131z (ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc vergi) ve Cizye (gayrim\u00fcslimlerden al\u0131nan vergi) defterleri ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itaberen temett\u00fcat (gelir) defterleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kay\u0131t alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu kay\u0131tlar\u0131n esas i\u015flevi elbette, vergi ve asker toplamakt\u0131. Bunlardan en \u00e7ok bilgi verenler tahrir defterleriydi. Devletin ar\u015fivlerinde 3.422 tahrir defteri oldu\u011fu biliniyor. 1881 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar, bu defterlerde kay\u0131tlar, istisnalar hari\u00e7, \u2018M\u00fcslim\u2019 ve \u2018reaya\u2019 (devlete itaat eden ve vergi veren halk) olarak tutuluyordu. Osmanl\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda \u2018reaya-y\u0131 millet-i selase\u2019 denilen \u2018\u00fc\u00e7 millet\u2019 genel olarak Rumlar, Ermeniler ve Yahudiler olmakla birlikte, Anadolu say\u0131mlar\u0131nda \u2018reaya\u2019 denildi\u011finde, e\u011fer Ermenilerle ilgili \u00f6zel bir kay\u0131t yoksa Ortodoks Ermeniler ve Rumlar kastedilirdi.
\n\u0130stisnalara \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse, 1831\u2019de ba\u015flay\u0131p 1838\u2019de sona eren nispeten modern tipteki say\u0131mda yerle\u015fik M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar tek bir grup alt\u0131nda toplan\u0131rken, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Arap, K\u00fcrt, Tatar, T\u00fcrkmen, Y\u00f6r\u00fck, Abdal gibi alt ba\u015fl\u0131klara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1844\u2019teki ikinci say\u0131mda hem M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Rum Ortodoks, Katolik, Musevi ayr\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, hem de 18 ayr\u0131 etnik-dilsel grup (T\u00fcrk-Osmanl\u0131, Arap, Ermeni, Arnavut, D\u00fcrzi, Rum, Yahudi, K\u00fcrt, Romen, Slav, S\u00fcryani-Keldani, Tatar, T\u00fcrkmen ve \u00c7ingene) belirlenmi\u015fti. Bu arada 1881 y\u0131l\u0131na kadarki say\u0131mlarda, sadece erkek n\u00fcfus say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, buna kad\u0131n n\u00fcfus yuvarlanarak eklenmi\u015fti.
\n1881-1893 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda (say\u0131m aral\u0131klarla 12 y\u0131l s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc) halk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Rum Ortodoks, Ermeni, Bulgar, Katolik, Yahudi, Protestan, Latin, Monofizit, gayrim\u00fcslim \u00c7ingene, yabanc\u0131 ve di\u011fer olmak \u00fczere 12 ayr\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kta topland\u0131. 1906-1907 tarihli son n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131nda bunlara sekiz yeni grup (Kazak Ulah, Maroni, S\u00fcryani, Samiriyeli, Yakubi, Yezidi, Ermeni Katolik) eklendi. Bu say\u0131mlarda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar tek grupta say\u0131l\u0131rken, gayrim\u00fcslimler alt gruplara ayr\u0131l\u0131yordu. B\u00f6ylece M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfus b\u00fcy\u00fck, di\u011fer gruplar ise k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6steriliyordu.
\nBu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u011flarken belirtmeliyim ki, ne tahrir defterleri ne de modernle\u015fme d\u00f6nemlerindeki n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131 hi\u00e7 bir zaman resmen ve b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak yay\u0131mlanmad\u0131. Bilgiler hep b\u00f6l\u00fck p\u00f6r\u00e7\u00fck ve devletin uygun buldu\u011fu \u015fekilde verildi. \u0130lk resmi yay\u0131n 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan 1914 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yd\u0131. Bu yay\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 da Sevr g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermekti. Asl\u0131nda 1914\u2019te say\u0131m yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, 1906-7 rakamlar\u0131na dayal\u0131 bir projeksiyonla, imparatorlu\u011fun tahmini n\u00fcfus bile\u015fimi verilmi\u015fti.
\nGerek say\u0131mlar\u0131n yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u015fekli gerekse sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n usul\u00fcne uygun a\u00e7\u0131klanmamas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden devletin rakamlar\u0131yla cemaatlerin rakamlar\u0131 (Patrikhanelerin veya hahamba\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n rakamlar\u0131) aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck farklar olmu\u015ftu. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki gruplar\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan anl\u0131yoruz ki devlet bu gruplar\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan daha \u00e7ok merak ediyordu (!), ancak bunun iyi niyetli bir merak olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileriki y\u0131llardaki tecr\u00fcbelerle sabit oldu.<\/p>\n

1913-1914 RUM KA\u00c7IRTMASI<\/b>
\nBu k\u00f6t\u00fc tecr\u00fcbelerden ilki 1913-1914\u2019de, Ege b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan Rum tebaaya y\u00f6nelik ka\u00e7\u0131rtma harekat\u0131. Hezimetle sonu\u00e7lanan Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131ndan sonra iktidardaki \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti (\u0130TC) \u2018dahili t\u00fcm\u00f6rler\u2019 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen gayrim\u00fcslimleri \u00fclkeden s\u00fcrmeyi kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk hedef Ayval\u0131k\u2019taki 120 bin, \u00c7anakkale\u2019deki 90 bin, \u0130zmir\u2019deki 190 bin, Urla ve \u00c7e\u015fme\u2019deki 130 bin Rum\u2019un ka\u00e7\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin yeralt\u0131 kolu Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa\u2019n\u0131n liderlerinden Ku\u015f\u00e7uba\u015f\u0131 E\u015fref\u2019in belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re: \u201cEge havalisindeki temizleme i\u015fini, Ordu olarak Pertev Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n (Demirhan) kumandas\u0131nda olan D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Kolordu\u2019nun Erk\u00e2n\u0131 Harbiye Reisi Cafer Tayyar Bey (E\u011filmez), m\u00fclk\u00ee amir olarak \u0130zmir Valisi Rahmi Bey, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki F\u0131rkas\u0131 nam\u0131na da mes\u2019ul murahhas Mahmut Cel\u00e2l Bey (Bayar) ifa edeceklerdi. Devletin b\u00fct\u00fcn kuvvetleri, bu pl\u00e2n\u0131n tatbiki i\u00e7in Harbiye Nezareti\u2019nin ve Ba\u015fkumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n verdi\u011fi emirlere g\u00f6re hareket edeceklerdi.\u201d
\nPlan uyar\u0131nca Ku\u015f\u00e7uba\u015f\u0131 E\u015fref\u2019in y\u00f6netimindeki \u00e7eteler Rum k\u00f6ylerine bask\u0131nlar yap\u0131yorlar, eli silah tutan Rum gen\u00e7leri, Amele Taburlar\u0131na sevk ediliyor, bunlar yol, orman ve yap\u0131 i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u2018Gavur\u2019 \u0130zmir’in camilerinde hocalar gayrim\u00fcslimlerden mal al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 boykot i\u00e7in vaaz vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Geceleri Rum d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131 renkli boyalarla i\u015faretleniyor, yerli-yabanc\u0131 t\u00fcm kurumlara Rum \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma emri veriliyordu. Laf\u0131 uzatmayal\u0131m ekonomik boykot ve \u00e7ete bask\u0131nlar\u0131yla Edremit, Ayval\u0131k, Bergama, Fo\u00e7a, Menemen, Karaburun ve \u0130zmir\u2019in Rumlar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rt\u0131ld\u0131. Rum ka\u00e7\u0131rtmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki isimlerden, Galip Hoca naml\u0131 Celal Bayar, 1967\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan hat\u0131rat\u0131nda Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi sadece \u0130zmir ve civar\u0131ndan 130.000 dolay\u0131nda Rum\u2019un zorla Yunanistan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu \u00f6v\u00fcnerek a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

1915-1916 ERMEN\u0130 SOYKIRIMI<\/b>
\nDevletin kendi tebaas\u0131n\u0131 \u2018M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-gayrim\u00fcslim\u2019, \u2018vatanperver-vatan haini\u2019 diye ay\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n en vahim sonucu 1915 Ermeni Tehciri\/K\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\/Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 oldu. 24 Nisan 1915 tarihinde, \u0130stanbul\u2019daki evlerinden tek tek toplanan bir grup Ermeni ayd\u0131n\u0131, toplum lideri, sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, siyaset\u00e7isinin Aya\u015f ve \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131\u2019ya sevkiyle gayriresmi bi\u00e7imde ba\u015flayan k\u0131r\u0131m, 27 May\u0131s 1915\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ge\u00e7ici kanunla resm\u00eele\u015fti. Tehcirin, fiilen sona erdi\u011fi 4 Ekim 1916 tarihine kadar, devlet, elindeki kay\u0131tlar sayesinde ufak tefek fireler (!) d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Ermeni tebaas\u0131n\u0131 Suriye \u00e7\u00f6llerine do\u011fru bir \u00f6l\u00fcm yolculu\u011funa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yak\u0131n tarihe kadar ka\u00e7 Ermeni\u2019nin tehcir edildi\u011fini de bilmiyorduk. Say\u0131lar 2,5 milyon (Ermeni Patrikhanesi\u2019ne g\u00f6re) ile 413.067 (ATASE\u2019ye g\u00f6re) aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiyordu. Murat Bardak\u00e7\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Evrak-\u0131 Metrukesi adl\u0131 kitapta 924.158 Ermeni\u2019nin tehcir edildi\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131.
\nTaner Ak\u00e7am, Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n defterinde 18 vilayet ve kasaban\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Ermenilerinin s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi\u011fini ba\u015fka kaynaklardan bildi\u011fimiz \u0130stanbul, Edirne, Ayd\u0131n, Kastamonu, Suriye, Antalya, Biga, Eski\u015fehir, \u0130\u00e7el, K\u00fctahya, Mente\u015fe, \u00c7atalca ve Urfa gibi merkezlerden s\u00fcr\u00fclenleri de ekleyince 1 milyondan fazla ki\u015finin tehcir edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Nitekim Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n defterindeki listenin alt\u0131ndaki notta, say\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczde 30 artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131. B\u00f6ylece en az 1.2 milyon Ermeni\u2019nin tehcir edildi\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu.
\nErmeni kaynaklar\u0131 1,5 ila 2,5 Ermeni\u2019nin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc iddia ederken, 1918\u2019de sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 soru\u015fturmak \u00fczere kurulan Mustafa Arif (Deymer) ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kurulan Osmanl\u0131 Dahiliye Nezareti Komisyonu\u2019nun raporuna g\u00f6re Birinci Cihan Harbi\u2019nde \u00f6len Ermeni say\u0131s\u0131 800.000\u2019di. 1928\u2019de Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir belgesinde \u201cAnadolu, bu maada, Vil\u00e2yat-\u0131 \u015earkiye M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131ndan sava\u015f i\u015flemleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden veya m\u00fclteci olarak 500.000\u2019ini kaybetmi\u015ftir. 800.000 Ermeni ve 200.000 Rum da katl ve tehcir y\u00fcz\u00fcnden veya amele taburlar\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u201d deniyordu. 1983 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u2018Resm\u00ee tarih\u00e7i\u2019 K\u00e2muran G\u00fcr\u00fcn \u201cBinaenaleyh hangi hesab\u0131 yaparsak yapal\u0131m T\u00fcrkiye Ermenilerinin Birinci Cihan Harbi i\u00e7inde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sebepten zaiyat (harp halinde bir toplum oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu tabiri kullan\u0131yoruz) miktar\u0131 300 bini ge\u00e7mez,\u201d diyerek ciddi bir iskonto yapm\u0131\u015f ama ortada b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katliam oldu\u011funu ink\u00e2r edememi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

1921\u2019DE G\u0130ZL\u0130 HIR\u0130ST\u0130YANLAR<\/b>
\n1913-1915 aras\u0131nda canlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok Ermeni\u2019nin, Rum\u2019un ihtida etti\u011fini (M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ya da ge\u00e7mi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc) ve bunlar\u0131n devletin gizli kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda oldu\u011funu M\u00fcdafaa-i Milliye Vekili Fevzi (\u00c7akmak) Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frendik. Pa\u015fa, Meclis\u2019in 22 Ocak 1921 tarihli gizli oturumundaki konu\u015fmas\u0131nda 300-400 bini Karadeniz sahillerindeki vilayetlerde, 100-150 bini Ni\u011fde, Kayseri, Akda\u011fma\u011fdeni gibi Orta Anadolu vilayetlerinde olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm \u00fclkede toplam 800 bin H\u0131ristiyan bulundu\u011funu, bunlar\u0131n ekonomik hayattaki yerlerini korumas\u0131ndan duydu\u011fu rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtmi\u015fti. Generale g\u00f6re ya bunlar\u0131n imalathanelerde, naf\u0131a i\u015flerinde yani yol, k\u00f6pr\u00fc, t\u00fcnel gibi bay\u0131nd\u0131rl\u0131k i\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da orta hallilerinden senelik 500, zenginlerinden 1000 lira \u2018askerlik bedeli\u2019 al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmekteydi. Bu tedbirler (!) o y\u0131l al\u0131nmad\u0131 ama ileriki y\u0131llarda s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00fcndeme geldi.
\nAradan 4 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015fti ki, 1925 tarihli \u015eeyh Said \u0130syan\u0131\u2019ndan sonra haz\u0131rlanan \u015eark Islahat Plan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak 1927\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn kanunu ile Diyarbak\u0131r ve Bayazit (A\u011fr\u0131) Vilayeti\u2019nden 1.400 ki\u015fi Bat\u0131 illerine s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, bunlar\u0131n yerine Dobruca\u2019dan, Bulgaristan\u2019dan, K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019tan, Kafkasya\u2019dan gelen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar yerle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

1934 TRAKYA OLAYLARI<\/b>
\nAradan 7 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. 1934 y\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131nda devlet yine elindeki listeleri kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ve hem Trakya\u2019daki Yahudilere hem de Do\u011fu\u2019daki K\u00fcrtlere kar\u015f\u0131 bir tasfiye harekat\u0131na giri\u015fti. \u00d6nce Yahudilerin ba\u015f\u0131na gelenleri \u00f6zetleyeyim. Yakla\u015fan sava\u015f\u0131n da yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerginlik ortam\u0131nda devletin baz\u0131 unsurlar\u0131 ve yerel fa\u015fistler, tarihsel olarak Trakya\u2019da yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan yerle\u015fik Yahudi halk\u0131n\u0131, mand\u0131rac\u0131l\u0131k ve ticaretteki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden k\u0131skan\u0131yorlar, tefecilik yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6fkeleniyorlar, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in sadakatlerini sorguluyorlard\u0131. Bu duygular\u0131n merkezi y\u00f6netimin Trakya\u2019daki uzant\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirilmesi zor olmad\u0131. \u00d6nce, Edirne, K\u0131rklareli, Ke\u015fan, \u00c7anakkale gibi merkezler olmak \u00fczere Trakya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fayan Yahudi cemaatinin \u00f6nde gelen \u00fcyelerine \u00f6l\u00fcm tehditleri i\u00e7eren mektuplar gelmeye, halk\u0131 Yahudi t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 boykot etmeye davet eden bildiriler boy g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131.
\n\u0130lk fiziki sald\u0131r\u0131lar 21 Haziran 1934\u2019te, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.500 Yahudi\u2019nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7anakkale\u2019de ba\u015flad\u0131. Militanlar, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f edilmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in Yahudilerin d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde n\u00f6bet tutuyor, baz\u0131 evlere, \u015fehri terk etmedikleri takdirde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcleceklerine dair tehdit mektuplar\u0131 yolluyorlard\u0131. Durumun her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitti\u011fini g\u00f6ren Yahudiler 25 Haziran 1934 tarihinden itibaren \u00c7anakkale ve Gelibolu\u2019yu terk etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Alelacele gitmek zorunda kald\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in mal ve m\u00fclklerini de\u011ferinin \u00e7ok alt\u0131nda fiyatlarda elden \u00e7\u0131karmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.
\n2 Temmuz 1934 g\u00fcn\u00fc bir grup sald\u0131rgan \u201cYahudilere \u00f6l\u00fcm!\u201d hayk\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla Edirne\u2019deki Yahudi mahallesini bast\u0131lar, d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131 ve evleri ya\u011fmalad\u0131lar, Yahudileri d\u00f6vd\u00fcler ve \u0130stanbul\u2019a gitmelerini emrettiler. Panik i\u00e7indeki Yahudilerden varl\u0131kl\u0131 olanlar bulduklar\u0131 ilk ara\u00e7la \u0130stanbul\u2019a do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131karken, yoksullar ve ara\u00e7 bulamayanlar, yaya olarak Yunanistan ve Bulgaristan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na y\u00f6nelmi\u015flerdi. Geride kalan bir avu\u00e7 \u00fcrkm\u00fc\u015f yoksul Yahudi\u2019ye ise, f\u0131r\u0131nlar ekmek satm\u0131yor, bakkallar yiyecek vermiyor, sakalar su da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131yordu. G\u00f6revleri etnik k\u00f6keni ne olursa olsun vatanda\u015f\u0131 korumak olan idari makamlar, g\u00f6revlerini yapmak yerine, kalanlara 3 Temmuz g\u00fcn\u00fc bir tebligat 48 saat i\u00e7inde \u015fehri terk etmelerini emrettiler.<\/p>\n

Ama en ac\u0131 olaylar K\u0131rklareli\u2019nde ya\u015fand\u0131. Sadece o y\u0131la mahsus olmak \u00fczere, her y\u0131l Edirne\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen K\u0131rkp\u0131nar g\u00fcre\u015fleri, K\u0131rklareli\u2019nin Loryalo Park\u0131\u2019na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece asl\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kasaba olan K\u0131rklareli\u2019nde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n toplanmas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan Yahudilere kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fc sata\u015fmalar ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, K\u0131rkp\u0131nar g\u00fcre\u015flerinin son g\u00fcn\u00fc kalabal\u0131k da\u011f\u0131l\u0131rken, baz\u0131 insanlar bu gruplar\u0131n aras\u0131na s\u0131zarak, Yahudilerin evlerine, d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131na girmeye, onlara kar\u015f\u0131 kaba ve sald\u0131rgan bir tav\u0131r tak\u0131nmaya, kad\u0131nlar\u0131na ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na sata\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bir grup lise \u00f6\u011frencisinin Yahudi mahallesindeki evleri ta\u015flamas\u0131yla t\u0131rmanan olaylar ta\u015flamaya silahs\u0131z askerlerin ve halk\u0131n da kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve 65 ev ya\u011fmalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Olaylar \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131ya sirayet etmeden bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ancak \u00e7apulcular K\u0131rklareli haham\u0131 Mo\u015fe Fintz\u2019i evinde yakalay\u0131p \u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u00e7\u0131plak soymu\u015flar ve usturayla sakal\u0131n\u0131 kesmi\u015fler, biriktirdi\u011fi paralar\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015flar, sokaklarda birka\u00e7 gen\u00e7 k\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcklerini \u00e7almak i\u00e7in parmaklar\u0131n\u0131 kesmi\u015fler, bir gen\u00e7 k\u0131za da tecav\u00fcze yeltenmi\u015flerdi. G\u00fcn a\u011far\u0131rken, K\u0131rklareli\u2019nde ya\u015fayan 400 Yahudi deh\u015fet i\u00e7inde gara ko\u015fmu\u015f, trenlere atlay\u0131p \u0130stanbul\u2019a ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130\u015fin ilgin\u00e7 yan\u0131, K\u0131rklareli tren istasyonunda her zaman en fazla \u00fc\u00e7 vagon olurken, o sabah tam 16 vagonun haz\u0131r beklemesiydi.
\nYahudilerin diliyle \u2018La Vaka\u2019 (olay, vak\u2019a), \u2018Barunda\u2019 (g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k, k\u0131yamet) veya \u2018La Furtuna\u2019 (f\u0131rt\u0131na), Yahudi cemaatinin \u00f6nde gelenlerinden Gad Franko ve Mi\u015fon Ventura\u2019n\u0131n 4 Temmuz 1934 g\u00fcn\u00fc Atat\u00fcrk\u2019le yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gizli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme sayesinde sona erecekti. Olaylar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan CHF\u2019nin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir rapora g\u00f6re Trakya\u2019da ya\u015fayan 13 bin Yahudi\u2019den 3 bini (baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re 7-8 bini) \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015f, pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi mal ve m\u00fclklerini kaybetmi\u015fti. Bu tarihten sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Yahudiler hi\u00e7bir zaman kendilerini g\u00fcvende hissetmediler. Ve f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 bulduk\u00e7a ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler.<\/p>\n

1934 \u0130SKAN KANUNU<\/b>
\nBu olaylardan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce devlet K\u00fcrt vatanda\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 da baz\u0131 \u2018tedbirler\u2019 (!) alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1927-1930 aras\u0131nda kademeli olarak geli\u015fen A\u011fr\u0131 \u0130syan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kanl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra hem \u2018K\u00fcrt Meselesi\u2019ni halletmek hem de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye dalgalar halinde gelen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman muhacirlerin isk\u00e2n sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan \u0130sk\u00e2n Kanunu 15 Haziran 1934 tarihinde kabul edildi. Kanuna g\u00f6re halk \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131ld\u0131: 1) T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden olanlar ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fanlar (Anadolu\u2019nun etnik olarak T\u00fcrk oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan ahalisi ile T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan g\u00f6\u00e7menler), 2) T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar ama T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmayanlar (K\u00fcrtler), 3) T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayanlar ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmayanlar (Araplar, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan az\u0131nl\u0131klar, anar\u015fistler, casuslar, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe \u00e7ingeneler.) Bundan sonra s\u0131ra, T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar\u0131n belli yerlerde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden olmayanlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na geldi. Kanun uyar\u0131nca ka\u00e7 ki\u015finin s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bilmiyoruz ama 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 5098 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin isk\u00e2n edildikleri yerde oturma zorunlulu\u011fu kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lgelerine serpi\u015ftirilmi\u015f 4.128 hanede ya\u015fayan 22.516 ki\u015fi \u015eark vilayetlerindeki eski yurtlar\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015flerdi. 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 5227 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ile 917 hanede 4.607 ki\u015fi daha Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1942 VARLIK VERG\u0130S\u0130 KANUNU<\/b>
\nBu olaydan 8 y\u0131l sonra listeler yeniden masa \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Bu sefer ka\u00e7\u0131rtma i\u00e7in fiziksel \u015fiddet de\u011fil, ekonomik \u015fiddet se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti Ba\u015fbakan Refik Saydam\u2019\u0131n beklenmeyen \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan Temmuz 1942\u2019de Ba\u015fbakan olan ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc fikirleriyle tan\u0131nan \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Sara\u00e7o\u011flu d\u00f6nemine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuracak olan Varl\u0131k Vergisi Kanunu, 11 Kas\u0131m 1942 tarihinde TBMM\u2019de oturumda haz\u0131r bulunan 350 milletvekilinin oybirli\u011fiyle kabul edildi. Varl\u0131k Vergisi Kanunu\u2019na g\u00f6re g\u00fcya II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla birlikte ya\u015fanan ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara care olmak \u00fczere baz\u0131 varl\u0131kl\u0131 kesimlerden bir defal\u0131k ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc servet vergisi al\u0131nacakt\u0131.
\nKanun metninde gayrim\u00fcslim, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman gibi ayr\u0131mlar yoktu ama uygulamada y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc\u00acler, Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirledi\u011fi d\u00f6rt gruptan birine g\u00f6re vergilendirildiler: M grubu (M\u00fcs\u00acl\u00fcmanlar) takdir edilen matrah\u0131n (vergiye esas al\u0131nan miktar\u0131n) y\u00fczde 12,5’ini, G gru\u00acbu (gayrim\u00fcslimler) y\u00fczde 50’sini, D grubu (d\u00f6nmeler) y\u00fczde 25’ini, E grubu (ecnebiler) y\u00fczde 12,5’sini \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcyd\u00fc; \u00e7ift\u00ac\u00e7iler de y\u00fczde 5 \u00f6deyeceklerdi.
\n18 Kas\u0131m 1942\u2019de vergi listeleri yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc ki, Varl\u0131k Vergisi\u2019nin y\u00fczde 70\u2019i \u0130stanbul\u2019daki m\u00fckelleflere tahakkuk ettirilmi\u015fti. Bunlar\u0131n da y\u00fczde 87\u2019si gayrim\u00fcslimdi. Gayrim\u00fcslimlerin mali g\u00fc\u00e7lerine ile uygulanan vergi oranlar\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara uygulananlara g\u00f6re y\u00fczlerce kez daha a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Gayrim\u00fcslimler aras\u0131nda da Ermenilerin vergisi en y\u00fcksek orandayd\u0131.
\nBu y\u00fcksek vergileri \u00f6deme s\u00fcresi 20 Ocak 1943 g\u00fcn\u00fc bitti, ertesi g\u00fcn hacizler ba\u015flad\u0131. Hara\u00e7 mezat sat\u0131lan mallar\u0131n\u0131n bedeli vergilerini kar\u015f\u0131lamayan bini a\u015fk\u0131n m\u00fckellef 27 Ocak 1943 tarihinden itibaren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamplar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmek \u00fczere baz\u0131 merkezlerde topland\u0131lar. A\u015fkale\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilen 1.229 m\u00fckelleften 21\u2019i (bir kayna\u011fa g\u00f6re 25\u2019i) k\u00f6t\u00fc hayat ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve yetersiz t\u0131bbi bak\u0131m y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kampta hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.
\nAvrupa\u2019da sava\u015f cephesindeki geli\u015fmeler ve \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Roosevelt ve Churchill\u2019le g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek \u00fczere Kahire\u2019ye gitmesinin arifesinde, 17 Aral\u0131k 1943\u2019te evlerine d\u00f6nebildiler. Varl\u0131k Vergisi, Yahudilerin ABD nezdinde yapt\u0131klar\u0131 lobi faaliyetleri sonucu ABD\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye bask\u0131lar\u0131 ve Nazilerin yenilece\u011finin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 sayesinde 15 Mart 1944\u2019te kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Verginin kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 oturumda konu\u015fan Emin Sazak “Bu kanun onlar\u0131 affederse bu gibi insanlar bu milletin i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p gitmelidirler. (\u2026) H\u00fck\u00fcmet tedbir almad\u0131 fakat millet intikam\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Lin\u00e7 mi eder ne eder bilemem,\u201d diyerek 1955’teki 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131n\u0131n ilk sinyalini vermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

6-7 EYL\u00dcL 1955 YA\u011eMASI<\/b>
\nK\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131n kaderinin belirlenece\u011fi Londra Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerdi. Baz\u0131 Rumlar\u0131n T\u00fcrk kom\u015fular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yar\u0131m a\u011f\u0131zla da olsa \u2018o g\u00fcn pek d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmamalar\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na ve kar\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6z kulak olmalar\u0131\u2019 yolunda uyar\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 o me\u015fum 6 Eyl\u00fcl 1955 g\u00fcn\u00fc, saat 13.00\u2019de radyolar, Selanik\u2019te Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn do\u011fdu\u011fu eve bombal\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberini vermi\u015fti. \u00d6\u011fleden sonra o g\u00fcne kadar tiraj\u0131 20-30 bini ge\u00e7meyen \u0130stanbul Ekspres adl\u0131 gazete, haberi 300 bin adetlik iki ayr\u0131 bask\u0131yla kamuoyuna duyurdu.
\n\u00d6\u011fleden sonra, \u0130stiklal Caddesi\u2019nde toplanan g\u00fcruh, gayrim\u00fcslimlere ait i\u015fyerlerini ta\u015flamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Olaylar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Beyo\u011flu, Kurtulu\u015f, \u015ei\u015fli, Ni\u015fanta\u015f\u0131 gibi gayrim\u00fcslimlerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere yay\u0131ld\u0131, ard\u0131ndan Emin\u00f6n\u00fc, Fatih, Ey\u00fcp, Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y, Ye\u015filk\u00f6y, Ortak\u00f6y, Arnavutk\u00f6y, Bebek, Kad\u0131k\u00f6y, Moda, Kuzguncuk, \u00c7engelk\u00f6y gibi uzak b\u00f6lgelere s\u0131\u00e7rad\u0131. Sald\u0131rganlar halk\u0131 tahrik etmek i\u00e7in \u201cMakarios\u2019a \u00f6l\u00fcm\u2019, \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr\u201d diye hayk\u0131r\u0131yor, ellerindeki Atat\u00fcrk ve Bayar resimlerini, KTC rozetlerini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 T\u00fcrklerin ellerine tutu\u015fturuyorlard\u0131. Daha sonra pek \u00e7ok tan\u0131k, hemen her semtte ya\u011fmac\u0131lar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sopalar\u0131n ayn\u0131 tornadan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f\u00e7as\u0131na e\u015fit b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte ve kal\u0131nl\u0131kta oldu\u011funu, Rumlara ait ev ve i\u015f yerlerinin \u00f6nceden tespit edildi\u011fini, hatta kimi yerlerde bu ev ve i\u015fyerlerinin bir gece \u00f6nce tebe\u015firle ya da soba boyas\u0131 ile i\u015faretlendi\u011fini, polislerin ise sald\u0131rganlar\u0131 izlemekle yetindi\u011fini anlatacaklard\u0131. Olaylar s\u0131ras\u0131nda, resm\u00ee rakamlara g\u00f6re 5.300\u2019\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n, gayri resm\u00ee rakamlara g\u00f6re 7 bine yak\u0131n bina sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131. De\u011fi\u015fik kaynaklara g\u00f6re 4 ila 15 aras\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm, 200\u2019\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n tecav\u00fcz olay\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Y\u0131llar sonra \u00d6zel Harp Dairesi (\u00d6HD) ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Genelkurmay \u0130stihbarat ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve MGK\u2019da \u00fcst d\u00fczey g\u00f6revlerde bulunmu\u015f Sabri Yirmibe\u015fo\u011flu gazeteci Fatih G\u00fcllapo\u011flu\u2019na 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcn \u2018devletin muhte\u015fem bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi\u2019 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyecekti.<\/p>\n

1978 KAHRAMANMARA\u015e VE \u00c7ORUM KATL\u0130AMLARI<\/b>
\nAradan 23 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015fti ki, derin devletin eli tekrar ka\u015f\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1978 y\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131nda g\u00f6revli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen bir tak\u0131m ki\u015filer, Alevilerin ve solcular\u0131n oturduklar\u0131 semtlerde, bir t\u00fcr n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek konutlar\u0131 dola\u015fm\u0131\u015flar, yeni numaralar verdikleri kap\u0131lar\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 boyayla i\u015faretlemi\u015flerdi. Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ise PTT g\u00f6revlisi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen ki\u015filer kap\u0131lara i\u015faret koymu\u015flard\u0131. M\u00fcft\u00fc de resm\u00ee ara\u00e7la \u015fehri dola\u015f\u0131p k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 konu\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\n19 Aral\u0131k 1978 gecesi, \u2018Esir T\u00fcrkler Haftas\u0131\u2019 vesilesiyle \u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc Gen\u00e7lik Derne\u011fi (\u00dcGD) taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de e\u015f zamanl\u0131 g\u00f6sterilen Sovyetler Birli\u011fi aleyhtar\u0131 \u2018G\u00fcne\u015f Ne Zaman Do\u011facak?\u2019 adl\u0131 filmin g\u00f6sterimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Kahramanmara\u015f\u2019taki \u00c7i\u00e7ek Sinemas\u0131\u2019na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tesirli bir bomba at\u0131ld\u0131. Bir grup fa\u015fist \u2018M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrkiye!\u2019 sloganlar\u0131yla CHP \u0130l binas\u0131na sald\u0131rd\u0131. 20 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta Yenimahalle\u2019de Alevilerin gitti\u011fi Ak\u0131n K\u0131raathanesi\u2019ne bomba at\u0131ld\u0131. 21 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen iki solcu \u00f6\u011fretmenin cenaze t\u00f6reninden sonra cenaze t\u00f6renine kat\u0131lanlarla 10 bin ki\u015filik fa\u015fist grup aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar oldu. 23-24 Aral\u0131k 1978 g\u00fcnleri, baltal\u0131, palal\u0131 sald\u0131rganlar i\u015faretli evlere, binalara sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7tiler. Resm\u00ee rakamlara g\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 111, gayri resm\u00ee kaynaklara g\u00f6re bunun en az iki kat\u0131 insan, do\u011franarak, i\u015fkence edilerek, yak\u0131larak katledildi. \u00c7ok say\u0131da kad\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edildi, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsleri kesildi. 552 ev ve 289 i\u015fyeri tahrip edildi.. Olaylardan sonra Ecevit H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin tek yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 13 ilde s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan etmek oldu. Daha sonra olaylara kar\u0131\u015fan baz\u0131 ki\u015filerin ad\u0131na 1996\u2019daki Susurluk Skandal\u0131\u2019nda rastlad\u0131k.
\nAradan 2 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015fti ama devletin fi\u015flerle i\u015fi bitmemi\u015fti. Tedavi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kanser hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00f6lmesi an meselesi olan MHP Genel Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 G\u00fcn Sazak\u2019\u0131n bilinmeyen ki\u015filerce 27 May\u0131s 1980 g\u00fcn\u00fc Ankara\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle do\u011fan gerilimin \u2018meyveleri\u2019 \u00c7orum\u2019da topland\u0131. Bu sefer iktidarda S\u00fcleyman Demirel\u2019in \u00e7o\u011funluk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti vard\u0131. Haziran ay\u0131 boyunca \u00c7orum kent merkezinde ve \u00e7evre k\u00f6ylerde gerginlik t\u0131rmand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. 4 Temmuz 1980 Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc \u2018Kom\u00fcnistler Alaaddin Camii\u2019ne bomba att\u0131lar\u2019 s\u00f6ylentisinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bunun TRT\u2019nin 19.00 b\u00fclteninde yer almas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan sald\u0131r\u0131da sald\u0131rganlar \u2018Kan\u0131m\u0131z aksa da zafer \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n\u2019, \u2018Kana kan, intikam\u2019, \u2018M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrkiye\u2019 sloganlar\u0131 at\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bil\u00e2n\u00e7o, \u00e7o\u011fu Alevi 50\u2019den fazla \u00f6l\u00fc 100 civar\u0131nda yaral\u0131yd\u0131. 100\u2019den fazla i\u015fyeri de tahrip edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

12 EYL\u00dcL, 28 \u015eUBAT DARBELER\u0130<\/b>
\nAradan 2 ay ge\u00e7ti. Y\u0131llard\u0131r itinayla \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980 darbesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Devlet y\u0131llard\u0131r solcular ve \u00fclk\u00fcc\u00fcler hakk\u0131nda toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fi\u015fleri masaya dizdi ve operasyona ba\u015flad\u0131. (1921, 1925, 1927, 1929, 1932, 1944, 1946, 1951 y\u0131llar\u0131nda TKP\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 tutuklamalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu konuyu ayr\u0131 bir yaz\u0131ya b\u0131rakt\u0131m.) 650 bin ki\u015fi g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131.?1 milyon 683 bin ki\u015fi fi\u015flendi. Binlerce ki\u015fi \u00fclkeden ka\u00e7t\u0131, ka\u00e7\u0131rt\u0131ld\u0131. A\u00e7\u0131lan 210 bin davada 230 bin ki\u015fi yarg\u0131land\u0131. 7 bin ki\u015fi i\u00e7in idam cezas\u0131 istendi. 517 ki\u015fiye idam cezas\u0131 verildi. O g\u00fcnlerde oca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclen pek \u00e7ok ki\u015finin hayat\u0131 bir daha iflah olmad\u0131.
\nAradan 17 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. 28 \u015eubat 1997 \u2018post modern\u2019 darbesiyle devletin dindar vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 fi\u015fledi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendik. Asl\u0131nda bu fi\u015fleme i\u015fi t\u00fcm Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca d\u00fczenli olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ancak 1950 sonras\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak sa\u011f-\u0130slamc\u0131 muhafazakar partiler iktidarda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in (CHP T\u00fcrkiye’yi 1923-50 aras\u0131nda 27 y\u0131l,1961-1979 aras\u0131nda kesintili 2189 g\u00fcn\/6 y\u0131l y\u00f6netti. 1979\u2019dan beri de iktidar y\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rmedi) fi\u015fleme i\u015fini esas olarak Kemalist y\u00f6nelimli TSK i\u00e7indeki olu\u015fumlar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunlardan Bat\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu\u2019nun 6 milyona yak\u0131n ki\u015fiyi fi\u015fledi\u011fi iddia edildi. Bu fi\u015flenenlerden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n i\u015ften at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hen\u00fcz h\u00fck\u00fcmet a\u00e7\u0131klamad\u0131 ama bilan\u00e7onun en az\u0131ndan psikolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan b\u00fcy\u00fck travmalara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, 28 \u015eubat\u00e7\u0131lara y\u00f6nelik bitmeyen \u00f6fkeden anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.
\n28 \u015eubat\u2019\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnden 7 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015fti ki yeni bir fi\u015fleme skandal\u0131 patlak Verdi. Tu\u011fgeneral Mehmet Kaya Varol\u2019un komuta etti\u011fi \u0130stanbul Maltepe’deki \u0130kinci Z\u0131rhl\u0131 Tugay Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan 26 Ocak 2004 tarihinde Kad\u0131k\u00f6y, Maltepe, Kartal ve Sultanbeyli kaymakaml\u0131klar\u0131yla 1 Numaral\u0131 Dikimevi M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Jandarma \u0130kmal Merkezi Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi yaz\u0131yla, \u201cAB ve ABD yanl\u0131s\u0131 ki\u015filerin organize bir grup olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu devletlerle ili\u015fkilerinin mahiyetinin ne oldu\u011fu ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken biyografik bilgilerin de toplanmas\u0131 istenmi\u015fti. Yaz\u0131n\u0131n dayana\u011f\u0131 olan Haber Toplama Plan\u0131’yla haklar\u0131nda bilgi toplananlar AB ve ABD yanl\u0131lar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildi. \u0130stihbarat formunda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekliyle ‘Az\u0131nl\u0131klar ve kendini az\u0131nl\u0131k olarak g\u00f6rme e\u011filiminde olan (\u00c7erkez, Roman, Abaza, Arnavut ve Bo\u015fnak vb) gruplar’, y\u00fcksek sosyete gruplar\u0131, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n mensup oldu\u011fu gruplar, zengin ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu gruplar, tarikatlar, Satanistler, Klu Klaxc\u0131lar, Masonlar, internet gruplar\u0131, cinsellik, uyu\u015fturucu, meditasyon, ruh \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rma vb. gruplar\u0131’ da istihbarat hedefleri aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

ERMEN\u0130LER\u0130N SOY KODU: 2<\/b>
\nBundan sonrakiler hepimizin g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in k\u0131sa hat\u0131rlatmalarla yetinece\u011fim. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda (o zaman) T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu Ba\u015fkan\u0131, (\u015fimdi MHP Milletvekili) Yusuf Hala\u00e7o\u011flu\u2019nun, devletin 1936-1937 y\u0131llar\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011fa ihtida eden Ermenileri ev ev tespit etti\u011fini ve bu d\u00f6nmelerin listelerinin elinde oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda, devletin 1937-1938 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Tunceli Hozat\u2019ta y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc fi\u015fleme faaliyetlerini \u00fcstlenmesi istendi\u011fi i\u00e7in Hozat\u2019\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi burnunda Emniyet M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc \u00c7a\u011flar \u015ean\u2019\u0131n intihar etmesi, \u0130stanbul Milli E\u011fitim M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 27 Haziran 2013 tarihinde \u015ei\u015fli Milli E\u011fitim M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131yla bir Ermeni anaokuluna \u00e7ocu\u011funu kaydetmek isteyen veliyle ilgili olarak 1923 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana \u2018vukuatl\u0131\u2019 n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda gizli soy kodunun yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, bu ba\u011flamda Ermeni vatanda\u015flar\u0131n soy kodunun 2 oldu\u011funun itiraf\u0131\u2026
\nNe dersiniz, Gezi olaylar\u0131 ile ilgili \u2018y\u00fczde 78\u2019i Alevi\u2019 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131yla ilgili zihnimi me\u015fgul eden \u015f\u00fcphelerde haks\u0131z m\u0131y\u0131m?<\/p>\n

Not: Bu yaz\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fim olaylar hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgileri ve \u00f6zet kaynak\u00e7ay\u0131 \u00d6teki Tarih I, II ve III (Profil Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2012, 2013) adl\u0131 kitaplardaki yaz\u0131lar\u0131mda bulabilirsiniz. Bu yaz\u0131lar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Taraf ve Radikal gazetelerinin internet ar\u015fivlerinde de var. <\/i><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.radikal.com.tr\/yazarlar\/ayse_hur\/en_uzun_yuzyilimiz_asr_i_fisleme-1163826<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

AY\u015eE H\u00dcR Emniyet’in Gezi isyan\u0131na kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 78’inin Alevi oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin raporu vesilesiyle devletin kadim fi\u015fleme politikalar\u0131na dair tarihsel \u00f6rnekleri an\u0131msayal\u0131m. Haziran ay\u0131nda \u2018Gezi \u0130syan\u0131\u2019 s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6zalt\u0131na al\u0131nan 5.513 ki\u015fi \u00fczerinde Emniyet \u00e7evreleri (?) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya (?) g\u00f6re \u201cisyana kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 78\u2019inin Alevi oldu\u011funa\u201d dair bir rapor haberi bu haftan\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131na […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,14,26,37,42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nEn uzun y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131m\u0131z: 'Asr-\u0131 fi\u015fleme' - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/12\/02\/en-uzun-yuzyilimiz-asr-i-fisleme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"En uzun y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131m\u0131z: 'Asr-\u0131 fi\u015fleme' - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"AY\u015eE H\u00dcR Emniyet’in Gezi isyan\u0131na kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 78’inin Alevi oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin raporu vesilesiyle devletin kadim fi\u015fleme politikalar\u0131na dair tarihsel \u00f6rnekleri an\u0131msayal\u0131m. 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