{"id":26535,"date":"2013-11-01T03:50:29","date_gmt":"2013-11-01T08:50:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=26535"},"modified":"2013-11-01T03:50:29","modified_gmt":"2013-11-01T08:50:29","slug":"cismani-kultur-ve-sanat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/11\/01\/cismani-kultur-ve-sanat\/","title":{"rendered":"49. Cismani k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Ani<\/a>
Ani Katedrali<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Mimari<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Ahtamar<\/a>
Ahtamar Surb Ha\u00e7 Kilisesi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeniden tesisi sonras\u0131nda, mimari tekrar geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. Orta\u00e7a\u011f Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f manast\u0131r komplekslerinin in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131r. Yetenekli mimar Manuel, Ermeni mimarisinin ba\u015fyap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan olan, A\u011ftamar Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki \u00fcnl\u00fc Surb Kha\u00e7 kilisesini in\u015fa eder. Kilisenin duvarlar\u0131 harikulade kabartmalar, i\u00e7 duvarlar\u0131 ise fresklerle bezenmi\u015ftir. A\u011ftamar\u2019da, kral Gagik\u2019in emriyle, merasimler i\u00e7in bir salon in\u015fa edilir ve liman in\u015faat\u0131na ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131r. Ani\u2019nin en \u00fcnl\u00fc yap\u0131s\u0131, \u00fcnl\u00fc mimar T\u0131rdat\u2019\u0131n eseri olan \u201cKato\u011fike\u201d katedraldir. Bilindi\u011fi gibi, Ani\u2019nin Zvartnots tipi kilisesi de kral I. Gagik\u2019in emriyle olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Ermeni mimarisi, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerinde geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Sel\u00e7uk-T\u00fcrklerin ak\u0131nlar\u0131 ve egemenli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde mimari d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6sterir, fakat Zakaryanlar\u0131n zaman\u0131nda tekrar geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. At\u00f6lyeler, \u00e7e\u015fmeler ve depolarla takviye edilen manast\u0131r komplekslerinin yap\u0131m\u0131na devam edilir. Ma\u011faralara oyulmu\u015f kiliseleri, odalar\u0131 ve g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam i\u00e7in gerekli yap\u0131lar\u0131yla Ayrivank (Ge\u011fardavank) Manast\u0131r\u0131, mimari sanat\u0131n\u0131n bir \u015faheseridir.<\/p>\n

Heykelt\u0131ra\u015fl\u0131k<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Surb<\/a>
Surb Ha\u00e7 Kilisesi\u2019nden bir kabartma<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Mimariyle birlikte heykelt\u0131ra\u015fl\u0131k da geli\u015fir. Yeni yap\u0131lar genellikle zengin kabartmalarla bezenmekte, kiliselerin cephesine, genellikle mabedi yapt\u0131ran y\u00f6neticinin heykeli yerle\u015ftirilmekte ve rol\u00fcn\u00fc vurgulamak amac\u0131yla, t\u00fcm boyu ve elinde kilisenin maketiyle resmedilmekteydi. Binalar\u0131n ana giri\u015fleri ve g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n nak\u015fedilmesine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verilmekteydi.<\/p>\n

A\u011ftamar Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki kilisenin duvarlar\u0131 tamamen s\u00fcslemelerle bezenmi\u015ftir. Bu kabartmalarda, Ardsruni s\u00fclalesinin \u00fcnl\u00fc temsilcileri, \u00f6zellikle de kral Gagik resmedilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\"Momik<\/a>
Momik taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan bir ha\u00e7kar (1308)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Soylular\u0131n g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131, \u00f6vg\u00fcye lay\u0131k insanlar\u0131n kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131, ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde takdim edilmektedir. K\u00f6yl\u00fclerin g\u00fcndelik ya\u015famlar\u0131, ba\u011flar\u0131n i\u015flenmesi, hasat, \u015farab\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 vs. sahneleri hayranl\u0131k uyand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kha\u00e7kar sanat\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Kha\u00e7karlar, Orta\u00e7a\u011f Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcn sembolleridir.<\/p>\n

IX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flayan kha\u00e7kar sanat\u0131, Ermeni ta\u015f i\u015flemesi sanat\u0131nda yeni bir ak\u0131m olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Kha\u00e7karlar\u0131n ta\u015f i\u015fleme sanat\u0131, kha\u00e7kar sanat\u0131n\u0131n en nadide \u00f6rneklerinin yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 XII.-XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda doruk noktas\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kha\u00e7karlar, merkezine bir ha\u00e7 i\u015flenmi\u015f olan kesilmi\u015f bir ta\u015ftan ibarettir.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 durumlarda, ha\u00e7\u0131n \u00fczerine \u0130sa tasviri de i\u015flenmektedir. Kha\u00e7karlar\u0131n \u00fczerine i\u015flenmi\u015f yaz\u0131larda, ta\u015f ustas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 ve bu an\u0131t\u0131n yerle\u015ftirilmesi tarihi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kha\u00e7karlar, genellikle vefat etmi\u015f birinin an\u0131s\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmekteydi. Herhangi bir tarihi olay, \u00e7e\u015fme yap\u0131m\u0131 veya daha ba\u015fka durumlarda da kha\u00e7kar dikilmi\u015ftir. Binlerce ta\u015f ustas\u0131, kha\u00e7kar i\u015flemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Mimar, heykelt\u0131ra\u015f ve minyat\u00fcr ressam\u0131 Momik, bunlar\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Fresk sanat\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Ahtamar<\/a>
Ahtamar Surb Ha\u00e7 Kilisesi\u2019nin duvar fresklerinden bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Fresk sanat\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015fir. Kiliselerin ve saraylar\u0131n i\u00e7 duvarlar\u0131 g\u00f6rkemli fresklerle donat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flan\u0131r. Resimler, duvarlar\u0131n \u0131slak s\u0131vas\u0131 ve ta\u015flar\u0131n yontulmu\u015f y\u00fczeylerine tatbik edilir. Bazen, eski yap\u0131lar da resimlerle s\u00fcslenmekteydi. Kiliselerdeki fresklerde Mesih, melekler ve azizler resmedilmekteydi. Tigran Honents kilisesinde (Ani) kral T\u0131rdat ve Grigor Lusavori\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. D\u00fcnyevi yap\u0131lar s\u00fcvariler, av ve e\u011flence resimleriyle bezenmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Minyat\u00fcr sanat\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Elyazmas\u0131 kitaplar\u0131n resimlendirilme sanat\u0131 olan minyat\u00fcr sanat\u0131 da h\u0131zla geli\u015fir. Par\u015f\u00f6menlerin birinci sayfalar\u0131, kenarlar\u0131 ve \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri g\u00fczel resimlerle s\u00fcslenmekteydi. Mesih\u2019in ve azizlerin hayat\u0131ndan al\u0131nma olaylar\u0131n resimlendirilmesine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verilmekte, minyat\u00fcrlerde, ger\u00e7ek hayat da resmedilmekteydi. Minyat\u00fcrlerde zanaatk\u00e2rlar ile k\u00f6yl\u00fclere ait i\u015f aletleri, halk e\u011flenceleri vs. yer bulmaktayd\u0131. Elyazmalar\u0131nda, bazen kitaplar\u0131n hamileri ve aile \u00fcyeleri de resmedilmekteydi. Ermeni minyat\u00fcrleri, s\u00fcslemelerin g\u00fczelli\u011fi ve canl\u0131 renkleriyle g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"00\"<\/a>
\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1. \u201cKud\u00fcs\u2019e Giri\u015f\u201d, \u2018Haghpat \u0130ncili\u2019nden bir minyat\u00fcr (1211, istinsah eden: Hakob, ressam: Margare, Matenadaran)<\/em><\/p>\n

2. \u201cVaftiz\u201d, G\u0131ladzor manast\u0131r\u0131nda Toros Taronatsi\u2019nin resimledi\u011fi \u0130ncil\u2019den bir minyat\u00fcr (1323, Matenadaran)<\/em><\/p>\n

3. \u201cM\u00fcjde\u201d, Tatev manast\u0131r\u0131nda resimlendirilmi\u015f \u0130ncil\u2019den bir minyat\u00fcr (XIV yy., ressam: Grigor Tatevatsi, Matenadaran)<\/em><\/p>\n

Minyat\u00fcr s\u00fcslemeli en eski elyazmas\u0131, IX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve minyat\u00fcr s\u00fcslemeleri daha sonra ola\u011fan bir durum olmu\u015ftur. Minyat\u00fcr s\u00fcslemeli elyazmalar\u0131 \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 olduklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, sadece zenginlere mahsus bir olayd\u0131. Bu elyazmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u0131kl\u0131kla, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve deriden haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f, de\u011ferli ta\u015flarla bezeli kaplar \u0131smarlanmaktayd\u0131. Minyat\u00fcr sanat\u0131, Kilikya Ermenistan\u2019\u0131nda y\u00fcksek geli\u015fim g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Kilikya minyat\u00fcr ressamlar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc, katolikos (Ermeni Kilisesi \u00f6nderi) ve Hetumyan hanedan\u0131 krallar\u0131 i\u00e7in elyazmalar\u0131 resimleyen Toros Roslin olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Uygulamal\u0131 sanat<\/b><\/p>\n

\"X.-XIV.<\/a>
X.-XIV. yy. Ermeni hal\u0131lar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Mu\u015f<\/a>
Mu\u015f Surb Arakelots (Aziz Havariler) Kilisesi\u2019nin kap\u0131s\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130nsanlar\u0131n g\u00fcndelik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tatmin eden di\u011fer sanat dallar\u0131 da y\u00fcksek geli\u015fim seviyesine eri\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Mu\u015f\u2019taki Arakelots kilisesinin kap\u0131s\u0131 zarif, zevkli tahta oymac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r. Tahtadan rahleler, al\u00e7\u0131dan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcslemeler, madeni avizeler ve kazanlar hayranl\u0131k uyand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sadece \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan, Orta\u00e7a\u011f kuyumcular\u0131 ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ustalar\u0131n\u0131n eserleri son derece de\u011ferlidir.<\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc Ermeni hal\u0131lar\u0131 ve i\u015flemelerinin \u00fcretimi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmekte, kilise esvaplar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de perdeler, aziz resimleri ve \u0130ncil\u2019den al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f sahnelerle bezenmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Uygulamal\u0131 sanat\u0131n g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan dallar\u0131ndan biri, \u00e7\u00f6mlek\u00e7ilikti. Topraktan pi\u015firilmi\u015f \u00e7\u00f6mlekler, taslar, testiler ve k\u00fcpler, insan, ku\u015f ve vah\u015fi hayvan resimleriyle s\u00fcslenmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Bu e\u015fyalar, Ermeni ustalar\u0131n ve halk\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek zevkini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Tiyatro<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Ku\u015f<\/a>
Ku\u015f maskesi ta\u015f\u0131yan bir aktris<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tiyatro sanat\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimi s\u00fcrmekte, oyunlar, \u00e7ok say\u0131da seyirci \u00e7ekmekteydi. \u0130p cambazl\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/p>\n

\"Ermeni<\/a>
Ermeni tiyatrosundan bir kad\u0131n oyuncu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

yar\u0131\u015fmalar, ehlile\u015ftirilmi\u015f hayvanlarla temsiller ola\u011fand\u0131. Akt\u00f6rler, \u00f6zel elbiseler ve farkl\u0131 hayvanlar\u0131n maskeleriyle sahneye \u00e7\u0131kmaktayd\u0131. Temsillere m\u00fczisyenler, dans\u00e7\u0131lar ve palya\u00e7olar da kat\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Akt\u00f6r ve m\u00fczisyen gruplar\u0131 meydanlarda, kervansaraylarda ve saraylarda temsil vermekteydi. Basit halk tiyatroya gitmeyi sevmekte, bu ise ruhanileri rahats\u0131z etmekteydi.<\/p>\n

M\u00fczik<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u00fczik de y\u00fcksek bir geli\u015fim seviyesine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6ncelikle \u00e2\u015f\u0131k m\u00fczi\u011fi geli\u015fmi\u015fti. \u00c2\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n \u015fark\u0131 ve \u00e7alg\u0131lar\u0131, t\u00fcm halk t\u00f6renlerini s\u00fcslemekteydi.<\/p>\n

Ermeni kilise m\u00fczi\u011fi de ileri bir seviyeye ula\u015f\u0131r. Dini \u015fark\u0131lardan olan \u201c\u015earakanlar\u201d, sadelikleri ve melodi g\u00fczellikleriyle g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktayd\u0131. Kilise m\u00fczi\u011fi, halk m\u00fczi\u011fi \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015f oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, sade insanlar taraf\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"Ermeni<\/a>
Ermeni notalar\u0131, XII. as\u0131ra ait bir elyazmas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"\u015eark\u0131<\/a>
\u015eark\u0131 derlemesi, 1322<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u015eark\u0131 ve melodilerin kaydedildi\u011fi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz notalar\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131ran \u201cKhazlar\u201d (eski nota i\u015faretleri-\u00e7ev. notu) da bu d\u00f6nemde yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

X.-XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l aras\u0131ndaki ruhani ve cismani k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n de\u011ferli edinimlerindendir.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/20\/321<\/p>\n

\u00c7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/b>\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mimari Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeniden tesisi sonras\u0131nda, mimari tekrar geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. Orta\u00e7a\u011f Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f manast\u0131r komplekslerinin in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131r. Yetenekli mimar Manuel, Ermeni mimarisinin ba\u015fyap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan olan, A\u011ftamar Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki \u00fcnl\u00fc Surb Kha\u00e7 kilisesini in\u015fa eder. Kilisenin duvarlar\u0131 harikulade kabartmalar, i\u00e7 duvarlar\u0131 ise fresklerle bezenmi\u015ftir. A\u011ftamar\u2019da, kral Gagik\u2019in emriyle, merasimler i\u00e7in bir salon in\u015fa edilir ve liman in\u015faat\u0131na ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131r. Ani\u2019nin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n49. Cismani k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/11\/01\/cismani-kultur-ve-sanat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"49. Cismani k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mimari Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeniden tesisi sonras\u0131nda, mimari tekrar geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. Orta\u00e7a\u011f Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f manast\u0131r komplekslerinin in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131r. Yetenekli mimar Manuel, Ermeni mimarisinin ba\u015fyap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan olan, A\u011ftamar Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki \u00fcnl\u00fc Surb Kha\u00e7 kilisesini in\u015fa eder. Kilisenin duvarlar\u0131 harikulade kabartmalar, i\u00e7 duvarlar\u0131 ise fresklerle bezenmi\u015ftir. A\u011ftamar\u2019da, kral Gagik\u2019in emriyle, merasimler i\u00e7in bir salon in\u015fa edilir ve liman in\u015faat\u0131na ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131r. Ani\u2019nin […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/11\/01\/cismani-kultur-ve-sanat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-11-01T08:50:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/00.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"kalem\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"kalem\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/2013\\\/11\\\/01\\\/cismani-kultur-ve-sanat\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/2013\\\/11\\\/01\\\/cismani-kultur-ve-sanat\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"kalem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/akunq.net\\\/turkish\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c\"},\"headline\":\"49. 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