{"id":26325,"date":"2013-10-25T01:55:21","date_gmt":"2013-10-25T06:55:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=26325"},"modified":"2013-10-25T01:55:21","modified_gmt":"2013-10-25T06:55:21","slug":"48-kultur-egitim-bilim-ve-edebiyat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/10\/25\/48-kultur-egitim-bilim-ve-edebiyat\/","title":{"rendered":"48. K\u00fclt\u00fcr, e\u011fitim, bilim ve edebiyat"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Sis<\/a>
Sis \u015fehrinin Surb Sofya katedralinin suna\u011f\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fimin \u00f6n \u015fartlar\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Yerevan\u2019daki Matenadaran M\u00fczesi\u2019nin yan\u0131nda bulunan F\u0131rik\u2019in heykeli Cismani ve ruhani k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131, X.-XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda y\u00fcksek geli\u015fim seviyesine ula\u015f\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel r\u00f6nesans, \u00fclkenin siyasi ve ekonomik geli\u015fimiyle ilgiliydi. Devletin yeniden tesisi ve g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi sonras\u0131nda olu\u015fan s\u00fcrekli bar\u0131\u015f ortam\u0131nda ekonomi geli\u015fir. Ermeni krallar\u0131, e\u011fitim, bilim ve sanat hamileri olmu\u015ftur. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ilerleme, siyasi r\u00f6nesans ile ilgiliydi. Orta\u00e7a\u011f \u015fehirleri, d\u00fcnyevi e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f, tabii bilimler, hukuk ve t\u0131p konusunda e\u011fitimli ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik b\u00fcy\u00fck talep duymaktayd\u0131. \u015eehirlerde ya\u015fayan zenginler, sanat de\u011feri y\u00fcksek eserlerin al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerle yap\u0131lan \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc ili\u015fkilerin hareketlili\u011fi de k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ilerlemenin \u00f6nemli \u015fart\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Okul<\/b><\/p>\n

X.-XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, okullar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ve verilen derslerin say\u0131s\u0131 artar. \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6yler, manast\u0131rlar ve \u015fehirlerdeki okullarda verilir. Genellikle kilise ve devletin deste\u011fiyle faaliyet g\u00f6steren ve yazma, okuma, hesap ve \u015fark\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretilen ilkokullarda, \u00f6\u011frenciler 12-13 ya\u015flar\u0131nda okula kabul edilip, yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 y\u0131l e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek okullar olan \u201cVardapetaranlar\u0131n\u201d (dini y\u00fcksek okullar-\u00e7ev. notu) olu\u015fmas\u0131 daha yeni bir olayd\u0131. Vardapetaranlardaki e\u011fitim s\u00fcresi 7-8 y\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"Yesayi<\/a>
Yesayi N\u0131cetsi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00d6\u011frenciler, e\u011fitim sonras\u0131nda \u201cVardapet\u201d (rahip) r\u00fctbesi al\u0131p, ders verme hakk\u0131na haiz olmaktayd\u0131. Ders kitaplar\u0131 elyazmas\u0131 olduklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, hayli pahal\u0131 olup, nesilden nesle aktar\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

XI.-XII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda, Hovhannes \u0130mastaser\u2019in faaliyet g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldu\u011fu Ani vardapetaran\u2019\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Hovhannes\u2019in e\u011fitmenli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde, Ani vardapetaran\u0131, \u00e7ok say\u0131da mezun vermi\u015f ve \u00f6\u011frenciler, e\u011fitim faaliyetini Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n farkl\u0131 kesimlerine yaym\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ba\u015fkent Sis\u2019in y\u00fcksek okulu, Kilikya Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitim merkezleri aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcne sahipti.<\/p>\n

Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n vardapetaranlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan\u0131, 1280\u2019li y\u0131llarda Nerses M\u0131\u015fetsi taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Gladzor \u00dcniversitesi olmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00fcniversite, Bro\u015fyan ve Orbelyan prensleri taraf\u0131ndan finanse edilmekteydi. Yesayi N\u0131\u015fetsi\u2019nin e\u011fitmenli\u011fi y\u0131llar\u0131nda, y\u00fczlerce gen\u00e7, e\u011fitim almak i\u00e7in buraya gelmekteydi. Gladzor\u2019daki e\u011fitim sistemi, d\u00f6nemin Avrupa \u00fcniversiteleri d\u00fczeyinde bulunmaktayd\u0131. Siyasi ve ekonomik a\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlar nedeniyle Gladzor \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin faaliyetine son vermek gerekti\u011finde, \u00f6\u011frenciler, Tatev \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ne ge\u00e7er. 1412 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar faaliyet g\u00f6stermi\u015f olan Tatev \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde, Hovnan Vorotnetsi ve Grigor Tatevatsi gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc bilim adamlar\u0131 ders vermekteydi.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/20\/310<\/a><\/p>\n

Bilim<\/b><\/p>\n

Tarih<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\"Hovhannes<\/a>
Hovhannes D\u0131raskhanakerttsi\u2019nin \u201cErmeni Tarihi\u201d defteri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bagratuni hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemindeki Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n siyasi ve ekonomik y\u00fckseli\u015fi, bilimin geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in olanak sunar. Tarih bilimi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir geli\u015fme g\u00f6sterir. \u201cErmenilerin Tarihi\u201d eserlerinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu kitaplar\u0131n yazarlar\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na, bir \u00f6nceki tarih\u00e7inin b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu yerden ba\u015flamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Katolikos (Ermeni Kilisesi \u00f6nderi) ve siyaset\u00e7i Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u201cErmenilerin Tarihi\u201d kitab\u0131 bu \u015fekilde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir di\u011fer grup tarih\u00e7i, kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerin tarihini kaleme al\u0131p, \u201cd\u00fcnya\u201d tarihleri yaratmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"Grigor<\/a>
Grigor Magistros Pahlavuni<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Orta\u00e7a\u011f tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bu cihetteki temsilcileri Stepanos Taronetsi ve Vardan Areveltsi olmu\u015ftur. Tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bir di\u011fer y\u00f6n\u00fc, yerel \u00fcnl\u00fc s\u00fclalelerin tarihinin yaz\u0131ya al\u0131nmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tarih\u00e7i Tovma Ardsruni, Vaspurakan\u2019\u0131n \u201cArdsruniler Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tarihi\u2019ni\u201d yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Stepanos Orbeli\u2019nin \u201cSisakan Eyaleti Tarihi\u201d adl\u0131 de\u011ferli eseri \u00e7ok daha \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Ermeni tarih\u00e7ili\u011finde, bu d\u00f6nemde yeni y\u00f6nelimler ba\u015f g\u00f6sterir. Tarih\u00e7iler, kronolojiler ve y\u0131ll\u0131klar yazmaya ba\u015flar ve d\u00f6nemlerinde geli\u015fen olaylar\u0131, y\u0131llara g\u00f6re, k\u0131saca k\u00e2\u011f\u0131da d\u00f6ker.<\/p>\n

Kilikya Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f tarih\u00e7isi, S\u0131mbat Gundstabl, \u201cY\u0131ll\u0131k\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde, Rubenyanlar ve Hetumyanlar d\u00f6neminin \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131na yer vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Felsefe Anha\u011ft<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\"M\u0131khitar<\/a>
M\u0131khitar Go\u015f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Yerevan\u2019daki Matenadaran M\u00fczesi\u2019nin yan\u0131nda bulunan F\u0131rik\u2019in heykeliErmeni felsefi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u00f6nemli geli\u015fim g\u00f6sterir. Ordu komutan\u0131 ve siyaset\u00e7i olmas\u0131n\u0131n aricinde, \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc e\u011fitilmi\u015f bir \u015fahsiyet olan Grigor Magistros Pahlavuni \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Grigor, eski Yunan felsefi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evirip, yorumlamaktayd\u0131. Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f filozof ve yetenekli \u015fair Hovhannes \u0130mastaser, ansiklopedik bilgilere sahipti. Gladzor ve Tatev \u00fcniversitelerinde, felsefi e\u011fitime b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verilmekteyd. Hovhan Vorotnetsi ve Grigor Tatevatsi\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Ermeni felsefe tarihi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir ilerleme sa\u011flamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Hukuk<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Ermeni hukuk bilimi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f \u015fekilde geli\u015fir. XII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan, Davit Alavkavordu\u2019nun \u201cKurallar\u201d kitab\u0131yla aile ve g\u00fcndelik sorunlar d\u00fczenlenmekteydi. \u00d6zellikle M\u0131khitar Go\u015f, bu alanda \u00f6nemli hizmetler vermi\u015ftir. Go\u015f, XII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cDava Kitab\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 kanun kitab\u0131, toplum hayat\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131nda d\u00fczenlemeler getirmektedir. Bu eser, daha Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da \u00e7evrilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde uluslar aras\u0131 tan\u0131n\u0131n elde etmi\u015ftir. S\u0131mbat Gundstabl, bir as\u0131r sonra, bu eserin temelinde kendi \u201cDava Kitab\u0131\u201d yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Kilikya Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u015fartlar\u0131na uyarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tabii bilimler<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

D\u00f6nemin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu talepler, tabii bilimlerin geli\u015fimini de sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Grigor Magistros, matematik alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirip, Evklides\u2019in \u201cGeometri\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131 ilk olarak Ermeniceye \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir. \u00dcnl\u00fc bilim adam\u0131 Hovhannes \u0130mastaser, d\u00f6nemin aritmetik bilimini zenginle\u015ftirip, Ermeni takvimini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p, tashih etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"M\u0131khitar<\/a>
M\u0131khitar Heratsi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

O as\u0131rlar\u0131n Ermeni bilim adamlar\u0131 zooloji, biyoloji ve t\u0131p sorunlar\u0131yla ilgilenmi\u015ftir. Ermeni hekimler i\u00e7inde en \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc, \u201cAte\u015fli Hastal\u0131klar\u0131n Tedavisi\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, herkesin \u201cokuyup faydalanabilmesi\u201d amac\u0131yla, zaman\u0131n konu\u015fma diliyle yazm\u0131\u015f olan M\u0131khitar Heratsi\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

Ermeni hekimler, hastal\u0131klar\u0131 incelemek amac\u0131yla, Avrupa\u2019da yasak olan, kadavra \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar dahi yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/20\/313<\/p>\n

Edebiyat<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Yerevan\u2019da<\/a>
Yerevan\u2019da Sasunlu Davit\u2019in heykeli<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Halk edebiyat\u0131<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

X.-XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda, halk edebiyat\u0131 geli\u015fmeye devam etmekteydi. Halk, yeni \u015fark\u0131lar, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve a\u015fk melodileri \u00fcretmeye devam eder. Halk \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131nda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insanlar\u0131n hayalleri ve u\u011fra\u015fmalar\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. IX.-X. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u201cSasna Ds\u0131rer\u201d destan\u0131 tamamlan\u0131p, zenginle\u015ftirilir. H\u00fcrriyeti u\u011fruna m\u00fccadele eden Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n arzular\u0131, destan\u0131n kahraman\u0131 Sasuntsi Davit\u2019le v\u00fccut bulmaktayd\u0131. Destan\u0131n d\u00f6rt k\u0131sm\u0131nda, h\u00fcrriyet i\u00e7in \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fan Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n emelleri, zafere y\u00f6nelik s\u00f6nmeyen inanc\u0131 temsil etmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Edebi eserler<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\"Nerses<\/a>
Nerses \u015e\u0131norhali (1100 – 1173)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\"Grigor<\/a><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyevi konularda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f eserler Ermeni edebiyat\u0131nda yeni bir ak\u0131m olmu\u015ftur. Ermeni d\u00fcnyevi \u015fiiri, X. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fairi Grigor Narekatsi\u2019yle ba\u015flar. Narekastsi\u2019nin \u015fiirleri tabiat, insan ve a\u015fk konuludur. Grigor Narekatsi\u2019nin \u201cMatyan Vo\u011fbergutyan\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 \u00fcne sahip olup halk taraf\u0131ndan \u201cNarek\u201d olarak isimlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"Yerevan\u2019daki<\/a>
Yerevan\u2019daki Matenadaran M\u00fczesi\u2019nin yan\u0131nda bulunan F\u0131rik\u2019in heykeli<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Nerses \u015e\u0131norhali, \u00f6nemli bir siyaset\u00e7i, din adam\u0131 ve \u015fair olmu\u015f, haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bilmeceler \u00e7ok sevilmi\u015f, kaside ve manzum eserlerinde, halk\u0131n dertleri ve ahvali yans\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Frik\u2019in \u015fiirlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131, d\u00fcnyadaki haks\u0131zl\u0131klara ve yabanc\u0131 bask\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 bir mersiye olup, halka anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olan konu\u015fma dilinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fabllar, halk eserleri i\u00e7inde her zaman i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmu\u015flard\u0131r. M\u0131khitar Go\u015f (XII. y\u00fczy\u0131l), yeni bir edebi eser t\u00fcr\u00fc olan fabl yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kurucusu olur ve halk\u0131 fabllar sayesinde e\u011fitmeye ve milli kilise etraf\u0131nda k\u00fcmelenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Go\u015f\u2019un fabllar\u0131, Ermeni d\u00fcnyevi yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ilk sayfalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Fabllar, Vardan Aygektsi\u2019nin edebi miras\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r. Aygektsi, en \u00f6nemli Orta\u00e7a\u011f Ermeni fabl yazar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Aygektsi\u2019nin fabllar\u0131, ihtiva etti\u011fi halk dili ve stili sayesinde geni\u015f yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015f ve daha Orta\u00e7a\u011f d\u00f6neminde farkl\u0131 dillere terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/history\/20\/318<\/p>\n

\u00c7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fimin \u00f6n \u015fartlar\u0131 Yerevan\u2019daki Matenadaran M\u00fczesi\u2019nin yan\u0131nda bulunan F\u0131rik\u2019in heykeli Cismani ve ruhani k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131, X.-XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda y\u00fcksek geli\u015fim seviyesine ula\u015f\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel r\u00f6nesans, \u00fclkenin siyasi ve ekonomik geli\u015fimiyle ilgiliydi. Devletin yeniden tesisi ve g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi sonras\u0131nda olu\u015fan s\u00fcrekli bar\u0131\u015f ortam\u0131nda ekonomi geli\u015fir. Ermeni krallar\u0131, e\u011fitim, bilim ve sanat hamileri olmu\u015ftur. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ilerleme, siyasi r\u00f6nesans […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n48. K\u00fclt\u00fcr, e\u011fitim, bilim ve edebiyat - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/10\/25\/48-kultur-egitim-bilim-ve-edebiyat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"48. K\u00fclt\u00fcr, e\u011fitim, bilim ve edebiyat - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"K\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fimin \u00f6n \u015fartlar\u0131 Yerevan\u2019daki Matenadaran M\u00fczesi\u2019nin yan\u0131nda bulunan F\u0131rik\u2019in heykeli Cismani ve ruhani k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131, X.-XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda y\u00fcksek geli\u015fim seviyesine ula\u015f\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel r\u00f6nesans, \u00fclkenin siyasi ve ekonomik geli\u015fimiyle ilgiliydi. Devletin yeniden tesisi ve g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi sonras\u0131nda olu\u015fan s\u00fcrekli bar\u0131\u015f ortam\u0131nda ekonomi geli\u015fir. Ermeni krallar\u0131, e\u011fitim, bilim ve sanat hamileri olmu\u015ftur. 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