{"id":26315,"date":"2013-10-23T03:43:25","date_gmt":"2013-10-23T08:43:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=26315"},"modified":"2013-10-23T03:43:25","modified_gmt":"2013-10-23T08:43:25","slug":"teskilat-i-mahsusayi-nasil-bilirsiniz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/10\/23\/teskilat-i-mahsusayi-nasil-bilirsiniz\/","title":{"rendered":"Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa’y\u0131 nas\u0131l bilirsiniz?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Te\u015fkilat-\u0131<\/a>AY\u015eE H\u00dcR<\/b><\/p>\n

Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa, bir yandan M\u0130T’in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi iktidar bloku aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadelesinde yer almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, bir yandan da d\u0131\u015f politikada boyundan b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015flere kalk\u0131\u015fan bir \u00f6rg\u00fctt\u00fc… <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Bu haftan\u0131n esin konusu, bir s\u00fcredir d\u0131\u015f operasyonlar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131n radar\u0131nda olan M\u0130T. Ancak bu yaz\u0131, 8 Ocak 2012 g\u00fcnl\u00fc Taraf gazetesinde yay\u0131mlanan \u201cHamza Grubu\u2019ndan MAH ve M\u0130T\u2019e\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131mda anlatt\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131n evveliyat\u0131na dair. Ba\u015fl\u0131k ise Cemil Ko\u00e7ak\u2019\u0131n kaynak\u00e7adaki makalesinden \u00e7alma\u2026
\n16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Osmanl\u0131 devlet adam\u0131 Gelibolulu Mustafa Ali, Sasani h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Arde\u015fir\u2019i \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterip gizli polis te\u015fkilat\u0131 kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermi\u015fti ama bu tavsiyenin tutuldu\u011funa dair bilgimiz yok. Sadece IV. Murad, II. Mahmud ve II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in bolca muhbir kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in \u00f6zel doktoru Mavroyani Pa\u015fa, 1891\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan risalesinde Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda ilk gizli polis te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngiliz El\u00e7isi Stratfort Cunning\u2019in telkinleriyle kuruldu\u011funu belirtiyor. Risaleye g\u00f6re, Napolyon Bonapart d\u00f6neminde gizli emniyet te\u015fkilat\u0131 kuran Vidocq adl\u0131 ki\u015finin tecr\u00fcbeleri incelenmi\u015f, Civinis Efendi adl\u0131 Korfulu ya da Kefalonyal\u0131 bir Rum, albay r\u00fctbesiyle polis \u015fefi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu d\u00f6nemde, do\u011frudan padi\u015faha ba\u011fl\u0131 \u2018Y\u0131ld\u0131z Hafiye Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019 b\u00fcnyesinde, 23 merkezde g\u00f6revli 990 hafiyenin (aralar\u0131nda pa\u015falar, din adamlar\u0131, y\u00fcksek b\u00fcrokratlar var) ad\u0131n\u0131 veren kaynaklar var.
\n31 Mart Olay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in hallinden (27 Nisan 1909) sonra Y\u0131ld\u0131z Hafiye Te\u015fkilat\u0131 \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan feshedilmi\u015f, jurnaller Harbiye Nezareti\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131ndaki k\u00f6\u015fke getirilmi\u015f ve bir heyet jurnalleri (330 kasa belgeden s\u00f6z ediliyor) \u00f6nemlerine g\u00f6re alb\u00fcmler halinde tasnif edilmi\u015f. Ama okunanlar ho\u015fa gitmemi\u015f olacak ki, kimin verdi\u011fi belli olmayan bir emirle evraklar avluda yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f.\u00a0<\/p>\n

ATASE\u2019deki 40 bin belge<\/b>
\n1909-1912 y\u0131llar\u0131nda perde arkas\u0131ndan siyaseti y\u00f6neten, 23 Ocak 1913\u2019teki Bab\u0131ali Bask\u0131n\u0131\u2019ndan sonra iktidara tam anlam\u0131yla el koyan \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n gizli \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ise Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu g\u00fcne dek bu \u00f6rg\u00fct hakk\u0131ndaki bilgilerimiz daha \u00e7ok Cemal ve Talat Pa\u015fa, Kress Von Kressenstein, Ku\u015f\u00e7uba\u015f\u0131 E\u015fref, Kaz\u0131m Karabekir, Ali \u0130hsan Sabis, Ali Fuad Erden, Galip Vardar, H\u00fcsamettin Ert\u00fcrk, Fuat Balkan, Arif Cemil, Celal Bayar, Mustafa Rag\u0131p Esatl\u0131 gibi \u015fahsiyetlerin hat\u0131ratlar\u0131ndan geliyordu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Te\u015fkilat\u2019\u0131n son ba\u015fkan\u0131 diye \u00fcnlenen (ama bug\u00fcn \u00f6yle olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan) H\u00fcsemettin Ert\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn an\u0131lar\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son g\u00fcnlerinde Talat Pa\u015fa kabinesinin istifa etmesi \u00fczerine, 14 Ekim 1918’de kabineyi kuran ve Harbiye Naz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da \u00fcstlenen Ahmet \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk i\u015flerden birisi, “Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne hemen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 durdurmas\u0131, ar\u015fivlerini yok etmesi (\u2026) talimat\u0131n\u0131” vermek olmu\u015ftu. Bu emrin yerine getirildi\u011fi san\u0131l\u0131yordu, halbuki Genelkurmay Bilgi ve Belge Merkezi ATASE\u2019nin Birinci D\u00fcnya Harbi Koleksiyonu i\u00e7inde \u015eube-i Mahsusa ad\u0131yla tasnif edilmi\u015f 40 bine yak\u0131n belgenin oldu\u011fu art\u0131k biliniyor. Yeter ki ATASE yetkililerinin s\u0131k\u0131 ele\u011finden ge\u00e7ip de belgeleri inceleme izni alabilin\u2026<\/p>\n

Kurulu\u015f tarihi ve amac\u0131<\/b>
\nHat\u0131ratlardaki kurulu\u015f tarihleri 26 Mart 1913 ile 5 A\u011fustos 1913 aras\u0131ndaki bir g\u00fcn iken ATASE\u2019deki bir belgeye g\u00f6re, Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa\u2019n\u0131n kurulu\u015f tarihi, 17 Te\u015frin-i Sani 1329 yani 30 Kas\u0131m 1913. Bu tarihi do\u011fruysa, bug\u00fcne dek Te\u015fkilat\u2019\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131 hanesine yaz\u0131lan pek \u00e7ok olay (Bab\u0131ali Bask\u0131n\u0131, Mahmud \u015eevket Pa\u015fa suikast\u0131, Edirne\u2019nin geri al\u0131nmas\u0131, Garbi Trakya M\u00fcstakil H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin kurulmas\u0131, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na girmek i\u00e7in Rus s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda sabotajlar yapan Rauf Bey M\u00fcfrezesi, Hindistan\u2019a giden kafile) Te\u015fkilat\u2019\u0131n i\u015fi de\u011fildi.
\n\u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Hanio\u011flu\u2019na g\u00f6re baz\u0131 \u00fcyeleri B\u00fcchner, Nietzsche ve \u00f6zellikle de Schopenhauer\u2019dan etkilenecek kadar entelekt\u00fcel olan Te\u015fkilat\u0131n ilk (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck) amac\u0131, 1908 \u00f6ncesi tecr\u00fcbelerden yararlanarak \u0130TC\u2019nin siyasi iktidar\u0131n\u0131 garanti etmek ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130TC\u2019nin \u00fc\u00e7 liderinin birbirine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol etmekti. Te\u015fkilat\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck amac\u0131 ise, \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyici tedbirler almakt\u0131. Nitekim, \u0130TC mensubu Muhittin Birgen 1936-1937\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan hat\u0131rat\u0131nda te\u015fkilat\u0131 \u2018gizli harici siyaset\u00e7i\u2019 olarak nitelemi\u015fti. Bunlardan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn M\u0130T\u2019i gibi bir istihbarat \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc de\u011fildi. H\u00fcsamettin Ert\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn s\u00f6zleriyle bir \u00f6zet yaparsak: “Bu te\u015fkilat\u0131n gayesi, bir taraftan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130slamlar\u0131 bir bayrak alt\u0131nda toplamak, bu suretle Panislamizme vas\u0131l olmakt\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan da T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131 siyasi bir birlik i\u00e7inde bulundurmak, bu bak\u0131mdan da Pant\u00fcrkizmi hakikat sahas\u0131na sokmakt\u0131r. Enver Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n bir yandan Emiri Efendi’nin \u0130ttihat ve Terakki program\u0131ndaki panislamizminden, di\u011fer taraftan da Ziya G\u00f6kalp\u2019in pant\u00fcrkizminden ilham ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhakkakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0130lk reisi Ku\u015f\u00e7uba\u015f\u0131 E\u015fref miydi?<\/b>
\nATASE belgelerine g\u00f6re, te\u015fkilat\u0131n ba\u015fkanlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u015fu ki\u015filerdi: S\u00fcleyman Askeri Bey (30 Kas\u0131m 1913\u2019ten 6 veya 13 Kas\u0131m 1914\u2019e); Halil (Kut) Bey\/Pa\u015fa (Kas\u0131m 1914\u2019ten 19 Aral\u0131k 1914\u2019e); Cevad (K\u0131zanl\u0131kl\u0131) Bey (19 Aral\u0131k 1914\u2019ten May\u0131s veya Haziran 1915\u2019e); Tunuslu Ali (Ba\u015fhampa) Bey (May\u0131s veya Haziran 1915\u2019ten 31 Ekim 1918\u2019e); Miralay H\u00fcseyin Tosun Bey (31 Ekim 1918\u2019den 15 Kas\u0131m 1918\u2019e). Yine ATASE kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, S\u00fcvari Kaymakam\u0131 H\u00fcsamettin (Ert\u00fcrk) Bey ise 5 Aral\u0131k 1918\u2019de te\u015fkilat\u0131n tasfiyesi ile g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f.
\nSondan ba\u015flayal\u0131m. Bug\u00fcne dek pek \u00e7ok yaz\u0131da (aralar\u0131nda benim yaz\u0131lar\u0131m da var) H\u00fcsamettin Ert\u00fcrk, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kendisini b\u00f6yle takdim etti\u011fi i\u00e7in, \u2018Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa\u2019n\u0131n son reisi\u2019 olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131. ATASE belgeleri bunun b\u00f6yle olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Ert\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u2018tasfiye memuru\u2019 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.
\nTarih\u00e7ili\u011fi hakk\u0131nda epey tart\u0131\u015fmalar olan Cemal Kutay\u2019a g\u00f6re ise te\u015fkilat\u0131 kuran ve ilk \u015fefi Ku\u015f\u00e7uba\u015f\u0131 E\u015fref\u2019tir. Halbuki bu konuda doktora \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f olan Philippe Stoddard\u2019a g\u00f6re E\u015fref Bey, sadece Arabistan, Sina ve Kuzey Afrika \u015fefi idi. Muhtemelen Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019ya de\u011fil ama S\u00fcleyman Askeri, Cemal Pa\u015fa, Kress von Kressenstein ve Sapancal\u0131 M\u00fcmtaz Bey gibi kumandanlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerin ba\u015f\u0131nda idi. K\u0131sacas\u0131 iyi bir ajandan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildi. (E\u015fref Bey\u2019in hat\u0131rat\u0131nda S\u00fcleyman Askeri ve M\u00fcmtaz Bey\u2019e yer vermeyi\u015fi bununla ilgili olabilir.)
\nTe\u015fkilat\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanlar\u0131ndan Miralay Cevad (K\u0131zanl\u0131kl\u0131), 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da Divan-\u0131 Harb-i \u00d6rfi\u2019de verdi\u011fi ifadede Te\u015fkilat\u2019\u0131 \u0130TC Merkez Komitesi\u2019nden Dr. Naz\u0131m, Dr. Bahaeddin \u015eakir ve (Milli Emniyet Reisi) Erzurumlu Aziz\u2019in kurdu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Reisler olarak da sadece S\u00fcleyman Askeri, Halil Kut ve kendisini zikretmi\u015fti.
\nATASE belgelerine g\u00f6re Te\u015fkilat\u0131n en uzun s\u00fcreli ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Tunuslu Ali (Ba\u015fhampa) ad\u0131ndan Philip H. Stoddard ile bu konuda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bilgileri sunan Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya da hi\u00e7 s\u00f6z etmiyor. Bu da gayet ilgin\u00e7 bir durum. (Bu arada Ali Ba\u015fhampa\u2019n\u0131n mezar\u0131 Be\u015fikta\u015f\u2019taki Yahya Efendi Tekkesi haziresinde imi\u015f, 1962\u2019de Tunus\u2019a g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f.)<\/p>\n

Te\u015fkilat \u015femas\u0131<\/b>
\n\u00dczerinde uzla\u015fma olan husus ise, Te\u015fkilat\u0131n merkezinin, Nur-i Osmaniye\u2019de, Tasvir-i Efkar Matbaas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda 23 numaral\u0131 binada oldu\u011fu.
\nATASE belgelerine g\u00f6re Te\u015fkilat\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctme komitesi d\u00f6rt ki\u015fiden olu\u015fuyor: At\u0131f Bey (Kam\u00e7\u0131l), Aziz Bey (?), Dr. Naz\u0131m Bey, Dr. Bahaeddin \u015eakir. Komitenin alt\u0131nda Rumeli\u2019den sorumlu Arif Bey, Kafkasya\u2019dan sorumlu Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 R\u0131za Bey, Afrika\u2019dan (Trablusgarp) sorumlu H\u00fcseyin Tosun Bey, Do\u011fu Vilayetlerinden sorumlu Dr. Bahaeddin \u015eakir ve Ru\u015feni Bey var.
\nBa\u015fka kaynaklardan, Te\u015fkilat\u2019ta g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu bildi\u011fimiz baz\u0131 isimler ise \u015f\u00f6yle: Yakup Cemil, \u00d6mer Naci, Mehmed Akif Ersoy, Mithat \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Bleda, Ohrili Ey\u00fcb Sabri, \u0130smail Canbulat, Galip Vardar, Filibeli Hilmi, Nuri Killigil, Ali Fethi Okyar, \u2018Kel\u2019 Ali \u00c7etinkaya, \u2018\u00c7erkes\u2019 Re\u015fit ve Ethem beyler, Fuat Bulca, Nuri Conker, Rauf Orbay, Emir \u015eekip Arslan, Abd\u00fclaziz Cavi\u015f, Abd\u00fcrre\u015fid \u0130brahim, Libyal\u0131 \u015eeyh Sunusi, Said-i Nursi,\u00a0Aziz el-M\u0131sri, Z\u00fcbeyde Sapl\u0131, Ahmet Salih Harb, Hilmi Musallimi\u2026
\nB\u00f6lge ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 yukardaki gibi ama iddialara g\u00f6re te\u015fkilat Arnavutluk, Trakya, Makedonya, Fas, Trablusgarp, Cezayir, Tunus, M\u0131s\u0131r, Habe\u015fistan, Sudan, Zanzibar, Somali, Yemen, Malay Adalar\u0131, A\u00e7e, K\u0131r\u0131m, Kafkasya, Belucistan, Afganistan, Mo\u011folistan, \u00c7in, T\u00fcrkistan, gibi geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyada faaliyet g\u00f6steriyor.
\nFaaliyet g\u00f6steriyor da, Te\u015fkilat somut olarak neleri yapt\u0131, neleri ba\u015fard\u0131, neleri ba\u015faramad\u0131 dersek, tahmin edilece\u011fi gibi elimize belgeye dayal\u0131 bilgi yok. Sadece s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih anlat\u0131lar\u0131 ve dolayl\u0131 bilgiler var. Bunlar\u0131 bir araya getirerek \u015f\u00f6yle bir resim \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131m:
\nTe\u015fkilat\u2019\u0131n ilk \u2018ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 operasyonu\u2019 (!) Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na sokmak i\u00e7in, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n tahrik edilmesi olmal\u0131. Enver ve Talat pa\u015falar\u0131n 2 A\u011fustos 1914\u2019te kotard\u0131\u011f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131-Alman ittifak\u0131 gere\u011fince, 27 Ekim 1914\u2019te Amiral Suchon komutas\u0131ndaki Yavuz (asl\u0131 Goeben), Midilli (asl\u0131 Breslau), Hamidiye, Berk, Gayret ve Numune gemilerinden olu\u015fan Osmanl\u0131 filosu Karadeniz\u2019e a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p 29\/30 Ekim\u2019de Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Sivastopol ve Odessa limanlar\u0131n\u0131 top ate\u015fine tutup iki de Rus gemisi bat\u0131r\u0131rken Alman g\u00f6revlilerin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa elemanlar\u0131 Erzurum\u2019a ve Trabzon\u2019a g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fler, cezaevlerinden sal\u0131nan mahk\u00fbmlar ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc sabotajc\u0131lar, Arhavi\u2019den Rusya\u2019ya s\u0131zm\u0131\u015flar ve sabotajlara ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. O s\u0131rada Harek\u00e2t Dairesi \u015eefi olan Ali \u0130hsan (Sabis) Pa\u015fa\u2019ya g\u00f6re bu i\u015f i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan \u00f6denek 300 bin lira gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir miktard\u0131r. En sonunda tahrikler meyvesini verir, 4 Kas\u0131m\u2019da Rusya, 5 Kas\u0131m\u2019da da Britanya ve Fransa Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne sava\u015f ilan ederler.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ermeni K\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndaki (Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndaki-\u2018Akunq\u2019 web sayfas\u0131 y\u00f6neticileri)<\/i> rol\u00fc<\/b>
\nTe\u015fkilat\u2019\u0131n, en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fi (!) ise 1915 Ermeni K\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 olmal\u0131. Ar\u015fivlerde ve hat\u0131ratlarda, Te\u015fkilat\u0131n adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle hapishanelerden sal\u0131verilen su\u00e7lulardan m\u00fcte\u015fekkil \u00e7eteleri ve yerel a\u015firetlerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00e7eteleri tehcirde ve k\u0131r\u0131mda istihdam ettiklerine dair pek \u00e7ok ipucu var. \u00d6rne\u011fin Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nden hemen sonra 2 Aral\u0131k 1918\u2019de Meclis-i Mebusan\u2019da bir konu\u015fma yapan Meclis-i Ayan Reisi \u00c7\u00fcr\u00fcksulu Mahmud Pa\u015fa, sadele\u015ftirilmi\u015f dille \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: \u201cGerek Ermeni, Rum gibi gayri M\u00fcslim ve gerek M\u00fcslim unsurlar hakk\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen zul\u00fcm ve cinayet …. bir tak\u0131m ara\u00e7lar ile \u00e7eteler denilen Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa vas\u0131tas\u0131yla icra edilmi\u015ftir.\u201d
\nM\u00fctareke d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan Divan-\u0131 Harb-i \u00d6rfi yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131nda, ana davan\u0131n 2. Ve 5. oturumu \u00f6zel olarak Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa\u2019n\u0131n tehcirdeki rol\u00fcn\u00fc incelemeye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130ddianamede \u201cTe\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa\u2019n\u0131n imha g\u00f6reviyle me\u015fgul olarak cemiyetle (\u0130TC) ili\u015fkisi kesinle\u015ftirilmi\u015f…\u201d deniyordu. San\u0131klar bu ili\u015fkiyi \u00f6nce \u015fiddetle reddetmi\u015fler, ancak savc\u0131n\u0131n belge ve tan\u0131klar getirmesiyle pes ederek, kabul etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130TC\u2019nin ve Te\u015fkilat\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nemli adamlar\u0131ndan olan At\u0131f Bey, davan\u0131n 7. Oturumunda \u201c\u0130TC\u2019nin Merkezi-i Umumisi g\u00f6zetiminde, Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa bir seri su\u00e7 makinesine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr,\u201d der.
\nKonunun uzmanlar\u0131ndan Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya, \u2018d\u0131\u015f\u2019 Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa\u2019y\u0131 bu su\u00e7lardan muaf tutarken, \u2018i\u00e7\u2019 \u00f6rg\u00fctte \u2018e\u015fk\u0131ya zihniyeti ta\u015f\u0131yan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler, \u00e7eteler mahkumlar\u0131n\u2019 bulundu\u011funu kabul ederken, d\u00f6nemin \u00fcnl\u00fc gazetecisi Ahmet Emin Yalman do\u011frudan \u201c\u00e7etelerden olu\u015fan Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa denen ekip, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya bir imha hedefinin arkas\u0131ndan ko\u015fmu\u015ftur\u201d diyecektir. 1915\u2019te Eski\u015fehir\u2019de sevk komisyonu reisli\u011fi yapan Ahmet Refik Alt\u0131nay ise \u201cSava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, bir\u00e7ok \u00e7ete \u0130stanbul\u2019dan Anadolu\u2019ya sevk edildi. Bunlar hapishanelerden sal\u0131nan h\u0131rs\u0131zlar ve katillerden olu\u015fuyordu. Harbiye Nezareti\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim sahalar\u0131nda bir haftal\u0131k e\u011fitimden sonra, Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Kafkasya hudut b\u00f6lgelerine sevkedildiler. Ermeni mezaliminde en b\u00fcy\u00fck cinayetleri bu \u00e7eteler ika ettiler,\u201d diyerek Te\u015fkilat\u2019\u0131n rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6zetler.<\/p>\n

\u015euayyibe hezimeti<\/b>
\nKonunun uzmanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Te\u015fkilat\u2019\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler ise Irak ve Filistin-Suriye Cephesi. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda \u0130ngilizler Basra’y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irince, Te\u015fkilat\u0131n ilk reisi S\u00fcleyman Askeri, K\u00fcrt ve Arap a\u015firetlerinden derlenmi\u015f bir \u00e7eteyle \u0130ngilizlere kar\u015f\u0131 vur-ka\u00e7 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemi\u015f, Abadan\u2019daki petrol tesislerini yakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130ngilizlerin bu tepkisi sert oldu, 12-14 Nisan 1915’te \u015euayyibe’de atl\u0131 birliklerle geli\u015fig\u00fczel sald\u0131ran Osmanl\u0131 birliklerini a\u011f\u0131r bir yenilgiye u\u011fratt\u0131lar. S\u00fcleyman Askeri, bunu kendine yediremedi ve 14 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc bir sahra \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde kafas\u0131na kur\u015fun s\u0131karak intihar etti.
\n29 Nisan 1916’da Halil Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 6. Ordusu’nun \u0130ngiliz birliklerini Kut’\u00fcl Ammare’de yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131p esir almalar\u0131ndan sonra, Nuri (Killigil) Pa\u015fa ve Rauf (Orbay) Bey y\u00f6netiminde bir Te\u015fkil\u00e2t-\u0131 Mahsusa birli\u011finin sava\u015fta tarafs\u0131z olan \u0130ran ve Afganistan’a girerek burada yerli kuvvetlerden olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 birliklerle \u0130ngilizleri arkadan vurma denemesini ise Osmanl\u0131 Genelkurmay\u0131nda g\u00f6revli Mare\u015fal Liman von Sanders, Irak’taki yenilginin nedenlerinden biri saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kanal Harekatlar\u0131<\/b>\u00a0
\nTe\u015fkilat\u2019\u0131n 2-3 \u015eubat 1915 tarihli Birinci Kanal Harekat\u0131 ile Nisan-A\u011fustos 1916 tarihli \u0130kinci Kanal Harekat\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki rol\u00fc ise bir anlamda \u2018ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131\u2019, bir anlamda \u2018ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z\u2019 say\u0131l\u0131r. Libya\u2019da \u0130ngilizlerin Senusileri yanlar\u0131na \u00e7ekmelerini \u00f6nlemelei, Darfur Sultan\u0131 Ali Dinar\u2019\u0131 Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131na \u00e7ekmeleri, harekat \u00f6ncesi, Suriye\u2019deki \u015eam\u2019dan Sina\u2019daki Bir\u2019\u00fc\u015f-\u015eeba\u2019ya, Libya\u2019daki Sellum\u2019dan M\u0131s\u0131r s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki Siva vahas\u0131na kadarki b\u00f6lgede, ikmal merkezleri olu\u015fturmalar\u0131 ve yerel g\u00fc\u00e7lerden 3 bin kadar ki\u015fiyi silahland\u0131rmalar\u0131 \u2018ba\u015far\u0131\u2019 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc say\u0131labilir. Ancak, Te\u015fkilat\u2019\u0131n \u0130ngilizlere kar\u015f\u0131 yerel halk\u0131n ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleyememesi (\u0130ngilizlerin \u015eerif H\u00fcseyin\u2019i \u00f6rg\u00fctledikleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcnce) \u2018ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k\u2019 say\u0131ld\u0131. Elbette bu zor bir g\u00f6revdi ancak Ku\u015f\u00e7uba\u015f\u0131 E\u015fref\u2019in itiraf etti\u011fi gibi Te\u015fkilat, \u0130ngilizlerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 y\u00f6netme kapasitesini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsemi\u015f, Bedevilerin dini ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 ve sadakat duygular\u0131n\u0131 ise a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 abartm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\nTe\u015fkilat\u2019\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi Mevlevi Alay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Hindistan yerine T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a gitmesi gibi ufak tefek ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar da olmakla birlikte, Te\u015fkilat\u2019\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halklar aras\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u0130ngilizleri az da olsa endi\u015felendirdi\u011fi, en az\u0131ndan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkelerde b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda g\u00fc\u00e7 b\u0131rakmak durumunda kald\u0131klar\u0131 kabul edilir.
\nSonu\u00e7 olarak Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa, bug\u00fcn M\u0130T\u2019in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bir yandan iktidar blo\u011fu aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadelesinde yer almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, bir yandan d\u0131\u015f politikada boyundan b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015flere kalk\u0131\u015fan, i\u00e7teki kirli i\u015fleri g\u00f6zlerden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken d\u0131\u015ftaki i\u015fleri efsanele\u015ftirilen, resmi tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan \u00fczerindeki gizem perdesi kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak kald\u0131r\u0131lmayarak cazibesi daim k\u0131l\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan, \u2018\u015fuyuu, vukuundan b\u00fcy\u00fck\u2019 bir \u00f6rg\u00fctt\u00fc….<\/p>\n

\u00d6zet Kaynak\u00e7a:\u00a0<\/b>Philip H. Stoddard, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ve Araplar 1911-1918: Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa \u00dczerine Bir \u00d6n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, Arma Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2003; Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasal Geli\u015fmeler (1876-1938), Birinci Kitap: Kanun-i Esasi ve Me\u015frutiyet D\u00f6nemi (1876-1918). Istanbul Bilgi \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2001; Osman Selim Kocahano\u011flu, Ittihat ve Terakki\u2019nin Sorgulanmas\u0131 ve Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 (1918-1919), Temel Yay\u0131lar\u0131, 1998; \u201cTehcir ve Taktil\u201d, Divan-\u0131 Harb-I \u00d6rfi Zab\u0131tlar\u0131, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131, Derleyenler: Vahakn N. Dadrian-Taner Ak\u00e7am, \u0130stanbul Bilgi \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2008; Vahdet Kele\u015fy\u0131lmaz, Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa\u2019n\u0131n Hindistan Misyonu (1914-1918), Atat\u00fcrk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi, 1999; Sad\u0131k Sar\u0131saman, \u201cTrabzon M\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131 Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa Heyet-i Idaresinin Faaliyetleri ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc Lejyonu\u201d, XIII. T\u00fcrk Tarih Kongresi. Ankara. 4-8 Ekim 1999\u2019da sunulan bildiri; Cemil Ko\u00e7ak, \u201cTe\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusay\u0131 Nas\u0131l Bilirdiniz\u201d, Tarih ve Toplum, S.3, 2006, s. 171-214; Polat, Safi, \u201cThe Ottoman Special Organization- Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa: A Historical Assesment with Particular Reference to its Operations Against British Occupied Egypt (1914-1916), Bilkent \u00dcniversitesi, Master Tezi (2006); Sezai Balc\u0131-Mustafa Balc\u0131o\u011flu, \u201cTe\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa ba\u015fkan\u0131 Tunuslu Ali Ba\u015fhampa\u201d, I ve II, Toplumsal Tarih, S 209, s.68-73 ve S. 210, s.28-35.<\/i><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.radikal.com.tr\/yazarlar\/ayse_hur\/teskilat_i_mahsusayi_nasil_bilirsiniz-1156297<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

AY\u015eE H\u00dcR Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa, bir yandan M\u0130T’in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi iktidar bloku aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadelesinde yer almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, bir yandan da d\u0131\u015f politikada boyundan b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015flere kalk\u0131\u015fan bir \u00f6rg\u00fctt\u00fc… Bu haftan\u0131n esin konusu, bir s\u00fcredir d\u0131\u015f operasyonlar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131n radar\u0131nda olan M\u0130T. Ancak bu yaz\u0131, 8 Ocak 2012 g\u00fcnl\u00fc Taraf gazetesinde yay\u0131mlanan \u201cHamza […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,14,26,37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nTe\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa'y\u0131 nas\u0131l bilirsiniz? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/10\/23\/teskilat-i-mahsusayi-nasil-bilirsiniz\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa'y\u0131 nas\u0131l bilirsiniz? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"AY\u015eE H\u00dcR Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa, bir yandan M\u0130T’in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi iktidar bloku aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadelesinde yer almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, bir yandan da d\u0131\u015f politikada boyundan b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015flere kalk\u0131\u015fan bir \u00f6rg\u00fctt\u00fc… Bu haftan\u0131n esin konusu, bir s\u00fcredir d\u0131\u015f operasyonlar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131n radar\u0131nda olan M\u0130T. 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