{"id":26118,"date":"2013-10-14T04:53:07","date_gmt":"2013-10-14T09:53:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=26118"},"modified":"2013-10-14T04:53:07","modified_gmt":"2013-10-14T09:53:07","slug":"kimdir-bu-hemsinliler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/10\/14\/kimdir-bu-hemsinliler\/","title":{"rendered":"Kimdir Bu Hem\u015finliler?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kimdir<\/a>Evrim KEPENEK<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

“Ham\u015fen (Hem\u015fin) Yer \u0130simleri” kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 Erivan \u00dcniversitesi profes\u00f6rlerinden Lusine Sahakyan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131ndan hareketle Hem\u015fin’i anlatt\u0131.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

“\u015eu Lazlar’\u0131n termuni Hem\u015finli yemez oni, Hem\u015finli’nin her zaman bal dolidur kovani” t\u00fcrk\u00fc b\u00f6yle ba\u015fl\u0131yor ama bilmiyoruz, ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6yle mi?<\/i><\/p>\n

Hem\u015finliler kimdir? Nerelerde ya\u015farlar? Ne yer ne i\u00e7erler?<\/i><\/p>\n

\u201cKaradeniz’in en gizemli halklar\u0131ndan biri Hem\u015finlilerdir\u201d demek \u00e7ok mu iddial\u0131 olur?<\/i><\/p>\n

Hi\u00e7 sanm\u0131yorum.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Hem\u015finlileri anlatan tarihlerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ne yaz\u0131k ki \u00e7ok fazla de\u011fil.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ku\u015fkusuz, kendisini Hem\u015finli olarak tan\u0131mlayanlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi gereken mevzulardan biri de bu. Hatta b\u00f6lgede k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve halk bilim ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 yapanlar\u0131n da g\u00f6revlerinden biri dersem ukalal\u0131k m\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f olurum? UNESCO\u2019nun kaybolmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f diller aras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi Hem\u015fince, kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmay\u0131, sonraki ku\u015faklara aktar\u0131lmay\u0131 hak edecek derecede g\u00fczel ve de\u011ferli, t\u00fcm diller gibi.<\/i><\/p>\n

Peki t\u00fcm Hem\u015finliler Hem\u015fince konu\u015fuyor mu?<\/i><\/p>\n

Hem\u015finliler, kendilerini Ermeni olarak m\u0131 T\u00fcrk olarak m\u0131 tan\u0131ml\u0131yor? Yoksa, kendilerini sadece Hem\u015finli olarak m\u0131 tan\u0131ml\u0131yorlar?<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bu sorular\u0131n yan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 aramak i\u00e7in Ermenistan’dan T\u00fcrkiye’ye gelen bir halk bilim ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131yla tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131m sizi: Erivan \u00dcniversitesi profes\u00f6rlerinden Lusine Sahakyan.<\/i><\/p>\n

2010, 2011 ve 2012 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n yaz aylar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6lgede ge\u00e7iren Sahakyan, Hem\u015fince dualar\u0131, ezgileri kaydetti. Eski yer isimlerinin k\u00f6k yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 inceledi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunu, \u201cHam\u015fen (Hem\u015fin) Yer \u0130simleri\u201d isimli kitapla okuyucular\u0131 ile payla\u015ft\u0131.<\/i><\/p>\n

Sahakyan g\u00f6zlemlerini de, \u201cGe\u00e7mi\u015f ve G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00d6nemli bir Kav\u015fak: Hem\u015fin\u201d ismiyle belgesele aktard\u0131. Belgesel, 2 Aral\u0131k 2012’de Hollywood\u2019da \u201cPREMIERE at 15th Annual Arpa International Film Festivalinde \u201cHakikati g\u00f6rmek ve onu s\u00f6yleyebilme cesareti oldu\u011fu\u201d referans\u0131 ile Armin T. Wegner ismiyle \u0130nsanseverlik ba\u015f \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kazand\u0131. Sahakyan\u2019la Hem\u015fin \u00fczerine yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u00fczerine konu\u015ftuk.<\/i><\/p>\n

Hem\u015finlilerle ilgili k\u0131sa bir tarihsel bilgi aktar\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/b><\/p>\n

Bildi\u011fimiz gibi XVIII. as\u0131rda Ham\u015fen Ermeni n\u00fcfusunun \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Hem\u015finlilerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc as\u0131l Ham\u015fen\u2019i (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Rize\u2019nin \u00c7aml\u0131hem\u015fin, Hem\u015fin ve \u00c7ayeli il\u00e7elerinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kaps\u0131yor) terk ederek Hopa ve Bor\u00e7ka il\u00e7elerine (Artvin\u2019e) yerle\u015fmi\u015fler, di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131 geleneksel b\u00f6lgelerde kalm\u0131\u015f. H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyan kesim ise Karadeniz’in g\u00fcney-do\u011fusuna da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, devam\u0131nda da yani XVIII. asr\u0131n sonunda ve XIX. asr\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda kuzey-do\u011fu sahilleri (Rusya) ve Do\u011fu Ermenistan’a g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015fler.<\/p>\n

Peki, Hem\u015finlilerle ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaparken kimlerle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcn\u00fcz? Nerelere gittiniz?<\/b><\/p>\n

Aralar\u0131nda ayd\u0131nlar ve k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin de bulundu\u011fu \u00e7ok say\u0131da Hem\u015finliyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm. Artvin\u2019in Hopa \u0130l\u00e7esi, Kemalpa\u015fa (Makriyal) beldesinde ve Ardahan \u0130li\u2019ndeki Bilbilan Yaylas\u0131\u2019nda diyalektoloji alan\u0131nda saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapma olana\u011f\u0131 da buldum. Buralarda, ya\u015fl\u0131 Hem\u015finlilerden (Ham\u015fentsi) Ermenicenin Ham\u015fen leh\u00e7esinde s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f, as\u0131rlar\u0131n derinliklerinden gelen, y\u00f6reye \u00f6zg\u00fc ezgiler, \u00f6yk\u00fc ve masallar kaydettim.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk g\u00f6zlemleriniz neler?<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu il\u00e7elerdeki Hem\u00ad\u015fin\u00adlilerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, \u00e7evrelerinde konu\u015fma dili olarak Ermenice\u2019nin Ham\u015fen leh\u00e7esinin korunuyor olmas\u0131ndan etkilenerek, Ermeni k\u00f6kenli olduklar\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fini kabulleniyor. Bu kabulleni\u015fin kayna\u011f\u0131nda, Hopa ve Bor\u00e7ka il\u00e7elerinde Hem\u015finliler aras\u0131nda Marksist ve ateist fikirlerin yayg\u0131n olmas\u0131, T\u00fcrk \u0130slam etkisine kar\u015f\u0131 yerel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc savunma i\u015flevi de g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

“Haf\u0131zadan silemediler”<\/b><\/p>\n

Peki, kendilerini T\u00fcrk veya sadece Hem\u015finli olarak tan\u0131mlayanlar yok mu?<\/b><\/p>\n

Kendilerini T\u00fcrk olarak kabul eden, k\u00f6kenleri hakk\u0131nda kendi aralar\u0131nda konu\u015fmaktan \u0131srarla ka\u00e7\u0131nan ve en makul ihtimalle kendilerini Hom\u015fetsi (Hem\u015finli) diye adland\u0131ranlar mevcut. Arda\u015fen\u2019in Oce k\u00f6y\u00fcne, Rize\u2019nin \u00c7aml\u0131hem\u015fin ve \u00c7ayeli il\u00e7elerine de gittim. Hem\u015finlilerin etnografik, demografik ve folklorik malzemelerini, kendi dilinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar muhafaza edilmi\u015f \u00e7ok say\u0131da Ermenice kelimeleri, yer isimlerini, hatta dualar\u0131 kaydettim. Arda\u015fen\u2019in Oce k\u00f6y\u00fcnde ve Rize\u2019nin \u00c7aml\u0131hem\u015fin \u0130l\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 Makrevis, Ku\u015fiva, Tap (yeni \u00c7at), Ye\u011fnovit (Elevit) k\u00f6ylerinde, Gito (Kito) ve Cerovit\/Crhovit (Ambarl\u0131) yaylas\u0131nda ve \u00c7ayeli il\u00e7esine ba\u011fl\u0131 Senoz vadisinde bulunan Cutin\u00e7 k\u00f6y\u00fcnde saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda bulundum. Rize’de ya\u015fayan ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fte zorla \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilen Hem\u015finlilerin gen\u00e7 ku\u015faklar\u0131, atalar\u0131n\u0131n ana dili Ermenice ve Ermenice\u2019nin Ham\u015fen leh\u00e7esini unutmu\u015flar hatta Ermeni kimli\u011fini kaybetmi\u015fler. Ancak, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerle\u015fim birimleri i\u00e7in h\u00e2l\u00e2 b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinden kalan Ermenice eski yer isimleri ile mikro yer adlar\u0131n\u0131, bitkilerin, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n isimleri ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fama ili\u015fkin kelimeleri kullanmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar. Bunlar, dilbilim tarihi, diyalektoloji a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok de\u011ferli ve \u00f6nemli dil belgeleridir.<\/p>\n

Bildi\u011fim kadar\u0131yla sadece Hopal\u0131lar anadilleri olan Hem\u015finceyi konu\u015fabiliyor\u2026<\/b><\/p>\n

Hopal\u0131 Hem\u015finliler\u2019den farkl\u0131 olarak, ana dilini unutarak T\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi benimseyen Rizeli Hem\u015finliler i\u00e7in durum tamamen farkl\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc burada T\u00fcrkle\u015fmenin izleri \u00e7ok daha derin. Aralar\u0131nda Ermeni k\u00f6kenlerini ink\u00e2r etmeyenler bulunmakla birlikte, art\u0131k kendilerini tamamen T\u00fcrk sayanlar da var. T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131ndan gelmi\u015f oldu\u011fu fikri de bu b\u00f6lgede bir hayli yayg\u0131n. Marksist ideolojiye yatk\u0131n olanlara az da olsa burada da rastlad\u0131k. Ancak kendilerini T\u00fcrk de\u011fil, sadece Hem\u015finli sayanlar\u0131n mevcudiyetini de unutmamak gerekir.<\/p>\n

\u201cHam\u015fen (Hem\u015fin) Yer \u0130simleri\u201d isimli kitab\u0131n\u0131za gelecek olursak.<\/b><\/p>\n

Kitap \u00fczerinde bir y\u0131ldan fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. \u00dc\u00e7 dilde, Ermenice, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Rus\u00e7a olarak yay\u0131nland\u0131. Kitab\u0131mda etimoloji incelemeler saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 esnas\u0131nda kaydetti\u011fim Ham\u015fen mikro yer isimlerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 sunuyorum. Umar\u0131m yak\u0131n zamanda Hamsen’e ili\u015fkin daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131 bitirip saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131m t\u00fcm bilgilerle yay\u0131nlar\u0131m. \u0130lk defa olarak bu kitapta bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na sunulan y\u00fcz kadar mikro yer ismi, yukar\u0131da belirtilen b\u00f6lgelerde kaydedildi. Kelime deformasyondan dolay\u0131 ilk bak\u0131\u015fta yabanc\u0131, hatta anlams\u0131z oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen yer adlar\u0131 da mevcut, bunlar asl\u0131nda ses ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, yerel \u015five veya farkl\u0131 s\u00f6yleyi\u015f \u015fekilleri ile \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc Ermenice kelimelerdir. Kelime-anlamsal incelenmesi sonucunda bu yer isimlerinin Ermenice k\u00f6kenli olduklar\u0131, i\u00e7lerinde arkaik ve daha yak\u0131n d\u00f6nem Ermenice k\u00f6kler bulundurduklar\u0131, Ermenicenin Ham\u015fen leh\u00e7esine \u00f6zg\u00fc telaffuz \u015fekillerini koruduklar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7edeki ses uyumunun belirli etkisi alt\u0131nda kald\u0131klar\u0131 tespit edildi. Ermeni dil biliminin en b\u00fcy\u00fck uzmanlar\u0131ndan Hra\u00e7ya Acaryan Hem\u015finlilerin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dili, Ermeni leh\u00e7elerinin bat\u0131 grubuna mensup Ham\u015fen leh\u00e7esinin \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u015fivelerinden say\u0131yor. Hra\u00e7ya Acaryan, Hem\u015finlilerin konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 dili tarif ederken \u201ci\u00e7inde Grabar, yani Eski Ermenicede kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ve hi\u00e7bir leh\u00e7ede rastlanmayan \u00e7ok nadir kelimeler bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201dvurgular.<\/p>\n

Ermenice kelimeler neden de\u011fi\u015fime maruz kald\u0131?<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgeye sonradan yerle\u015fen T\u00fcrk boylar\u0131 da yeni yer adlar\u0131n\u0131 ya beraberlerinde getirmi\u015f ya da mevcut olan bu adlar\u0131 kendi dil \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re yeniden d\u00fczenlemi\u015fler. \u0130leriki as\u0131rlarda ise Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti iktidarlar\u0131, Rize Kazas\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00f6ylerin adlar\u0131n\u0131, baz\u0131 istisnalar hari\u00e7, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f. 15 Aral\u0131k 1913\u2019de Vilayet Um\u00fbm\u00ee Meclisince haz\u0131rlanan Rize kazas\u0131 ve nahiyeleriyle ilgili eski ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f adlar\u0131n listesi T\u00fcrkiye Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Ar\u015fivi\u2019nde bulunuyor. Bu arada, Ham\u015fen nahiyesinin ad\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f. 5 Ocak 1916\u2019da ise Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00fclkede Ermeni, Rum, Bulgar ve di\u011fer gayri-m\u00fcslimlere ait yer isimlerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine ili\u015fkin emri \u00fczerine 3 Temmuz 1916, Trabzon Valili\u011fi, Samsun\u2019dan Artvin\u2019e uzanan b\u00f6lgedeki k\u00f6ylerin eski ve yeni adlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren 23 sayfal\u0131k bir liste haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f. Ham\u015fen Ermenileri etnolojisinin en de\u011ferli uzmanlar\u0131ndan, Trabzon\u2019un K\u00fc\u015fana K\u00f6y\u00fc do\u011fumlu \u00fcnl\u00fc etnograf-folklorcu B. Torlakyan, zaman\u0131nda konuyla ilgili olarak \u201cHam\u015fen y\u00f6resinde ve ard\u0131ndan da Pontus\u2019ta Ham\u015fen Ermenilerinin kurmu\u015f veya ikamet etmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgeye yay\u0131lan da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k yerle\u015fim birimlerinin adlar\u0131 T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerince ya tamamen de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f, ya da \u00f6ylesine tahrif edilmi\u015f ki, buralarda Ermenilikten en ufak bir iz d\u00e2hi kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d diye yazm\u0131\u015f. Bununla beraber, yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz kay\u0131tlardan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere y\u00f6netimler, b\u00fct\u00fcn gayretlerine ra\u011fmen, as\u0131rlar\u0131n derinli\u011finden gelen yer isimlerini, \u00f6zellikle de mikro yer adlar\u0131n\u0131<\/i> \u00c7aml\u0131hem\u015fin, Hem\u015fin ve Arda\u015fen il\u00e7eleri sakinlerinin haf\u0131zas\u0131ndan b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle silmeyi ba\u015faramam\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n

evrimkepenek@gmail.com<\/i><\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.bianet.org\/biamag\/egitim\/150379-kimdir-bu-hemsinliler?bia_source=rss<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Evrim KEPENEK “Ham\u015fen (Hem\u015fin) Yer \u0130simleri” kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 Erivan \u00dcniversitesi profes\u00f6rlerinden Lusine Sahakyan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131ndan hareketle Hem\u015fin’i anlatt\u0131. “\u015eu Lazlar’\u0131n termuni Hem\u015finli yemez oni, Hem\u015finli’nin her zaman bal dolidur kovani” t\u00fcrk\u00fc b\u00f6yle ba\u015fl\u0131yor ama bilmiyoruz, ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6yle mi? Hem\u015finliler kimdir? Nerelerde ya\u015farlar? Ne yer ne i\u00e7erler? \u201cKaradeniz’in en gizemli halklar\u0131ndan biri Hem\u015finlilerdir\u201d demek \u00e7ok mu iddial\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,19,29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26118","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler","category-hemsin-ve-hemsinliler","category-mulakatlar"],"yoast_head":"\nKimdir Bu Hem\u015finliler? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/10\/14\/kimdir-bu-hemsinliler\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kimdir Bu Hem\u015finliler? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Evrim KEPENEK “Ham\u015fen (Hem\u015fin) Yer \u0130simleri” kitab\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131 Erivan \u00dcniversitesi profes\u00f6rlerinden Lusine Sahakyan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131ndan hareketle Hem\u015fin’i anlatt\u0131. “\u015eu Lazlar’\u0131n termuni Hem\u015finli yemez oni, Hem\u015finli’nin her zaman bal dolidur kovani” t\u00fcrk\u00fc b\u00f6yle ba\u015fl\u0131yor ama bilmiyoruz, ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6yle mi? Hem\u015finliler kimdir? Nerelerde ya\u015farlar? 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