{"id":2552,"date":"2010-10-30T02:57:12","date_gmt":"2010-10-30T07:57:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=2552"},"modified":"2010-10-30T02:57:12","modified_gmt":"2010-10-30T07:57:12","slug":"halkimizin-gercek-degerleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/10\/30\/halkimizin-gercek-degerleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u2018ger\u00e7ek\u2019 de\u011ferleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

ZEYNEP GAMBETT\u0130<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fretim G\u00f6revlisi<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme tarihi ne denli siyasi \u00e7\u0131karlar do\u011frusunda geli\u015ftiyse, bu halk\u0131n m\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplum haline getirilmesi de o denli siyasidir<\/strong><\/em>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Laik\u00e7ilere kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fccadelenin en \u00f6nemli ayaklar\u0131ndan biri do\u011fal say\u0131lagelen ifadeleri ve pratikleri sorgulamakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesi bir yolda y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e ve d\u00fcnyay\u0131 laik\/m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olarak ikiye ay\u0131ran iktidar\u0131n kendi \u00e7eli\u015fki ve \u00e7\u0131kmazlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e, geneli tan\u0131mlama arzusunun ne denli sorunlu oldu\u011fu da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u201cT\u00fcrkiye laiktir, laik kalacakt\u0131r\u201d gibi bir iddian\u0131n kimleri nas\u0131l d\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kimler \u00fczerinde nas\u0131l bir bask\u0131 kurdu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r zira. \u0130ddia edilenin asl\u0131nda bir \u201cger\u00e7ekli\u011fe\u201d tekab\u00fcl etmedi\u011fi, kendi tarihinin izlerini silmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir egemenlik s\u00f6ylemi oldu\u011fu barizdir.<\/p>\n

Ancak bunun aksi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir iddia daha var ki, o da kendi iktidar refleksini sorgulamaktan epey aciz: bu topraklar\u0131n m\u00fcsl\u00fcman topraklar, bu halk\u0131n da asl\u0131nda m\u00fcsl\u00fcman de\u011ferlere sahip bir halk oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131. Ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda m\u00fcsl\u00fcman ayd\u0131nlar taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131k s\u0131k dile getirilen bu iddia, laik\/m\u00fcsl\u00fcman kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yeniden kurmakla kalmay\u0131p, bir tanesini ger\u00e7ek, di\u011ferini ise yapay olarak kodlamaktad\u0131r. Geneli tan\u0131mlama a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bunun, Kemalist iddialardan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kal\u0131r bir yan\u0131 yoktur. \u201cHalk m\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131r\u201d ifadesi, \u201cburaya\u201d ve \u201cbize\u201d ait olan ile olmayan aras\u0131nda da hi\u00e7 masum olmayan s\u0131n\u0131rlar \u00e7izmektedir. Laikli\u011fin d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan \u201cithal\u201d bir ideoloji oldu\u011fu, buran\u0131n veya bizim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tutmayan bir maya oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylemi bir iktidar kurma bi\u00e7imidir zira. \u00d6tekile\u015ftirmenin \u00e7ehrelerinden biridir ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih hi\u00e7 de sorunsuz de\u011fildir. \u201cT\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrklerindir\u201d slogan\u0131 t\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme tarihinin k\u0131y\u0131m ve bask\u0131 ile yo\u011frulmu\u015f tarihinin izlerini nas\u0131l siliyorsa, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye M\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131r\u201d ifadesi de benzeri bir su\u00e7a ortakt\u0131r, zira kendi olabilirlik ko\u015fulunu gizler. T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmenin tarihi ne denli siyasi \u00e7\u0131karlar do\u011frultusunda geli\u015ftiyse, bu toplumun m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da o denli siyasi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer kendimizi ancak buraya ait olan ve olmayan \u00fczerinden anlayacaksak (ki ben buna kat\u0131lm\u0131yorum haliyle), d\u00fcn de \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ithal edildi\u011fini kabul etmemiz gerekmez mi? Zira \u0130slam, T\u00fcrk denen kavmin \u201ck\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 zoruyla\u201d kabul etti\u011fi, Anadolu halklar\u0131na iktidarlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla dayat\u0131lan, girdi\u011fi yerdeki farkl\u0131 dinleri hegemonyas\u0131 alt\u0131na alan \u201cithal\u201d bir inan\u00e7t\u0131r. Bunu unutmak, T\u00fcrk kavimlerinin istilas\u0131na u\u011frayana kadar bu topraklar\u0131n hristiyan veya \u00e7oktanr\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu yads\u0131mak demektir. Hatta gayri-m\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00fclt\u00fcrlere ait say\u0131s\u0131z simge ve prati\u011fin bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 ya\u015fat\u0131lmakta oldu\u011funu yads\u0131mak zorunda kal\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. En nihayetinde Hititler, Helenik uygarl\u0131klar, Romal\u0131lar ve koskoca Bizans u\u00e7ucu madde de\u011fildi ki hi\u00e7 iz b\u0131rakmadan yokolup gitmi\u015f olsunlar. \u201cMozaik\u201d laf\u0131 slogan olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar bir anda; velev ki \u201chalk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u201d p\u00fcripak m\u00fcsl\u00fcman de\u011fil, mozaik \u00f6\u011feler ve inan\u00e7lardan olu\u015fmu\u015f olsun?<\/p>\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019nun y\u00fczde 99\u2019u m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan bir topluma sahip oldu\u011funu iddia etti\u011finizde d\u00fcped\u00fcz yalan s\u00f6ylemi\u015f olurdunuz, zira m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayanlar\u0131n, yani ermeni, rum ortodoks, musevi, s\u00fcryani, keldani ve yezidilerin n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131. Ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fumuzun m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nce bu gayrim\u00fcslim n\u00fcfusun soyk\u0131r\u0131m, tehcir, m\u00fcbadele, lin\u00e7, ya\u011fma, bask\u0131 ve zul\u00fcm ile bu topraklardan \u201ctemizlenmesi\u201d gerekti. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n tarihini nereden ba\u015flat\u0131rsan\u0131z ba\u015flat\u0131n, son kalan s\u00fcryanilerin de kitlesel olarak bu topraklardan s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1980\u2019li y\u0131llara gelene dek \u201ckendili\u011finden ve zaten hep buraya ait\u201d olan bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131ktan bahsetmenize imkan yoktur. Keza sunni mezhebinin hegemonyas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, \u201c\u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu namaz k\u0131lan toplum\u201d ifadesi do\u011fru olabilsin diye, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca alevi ve bekta\u015fi kan\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l ak\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlay\u0131n.<\/p>\n

Bu toplumun \u0130slam\u2019la sorunsuz bir ba\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia edenler, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n egemenli\u011finin hangi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden ge\u00e7erek kuruldu\u011funu da g\u00f6zard\u0131 etmek zorundad\u0131rlar. Onlara g\u00f6re Do\u011fu\u2019dan gelen dayatma de\u011fildir; Bat\u0131\u2019dan gelen ise ilelebet yabanc\u0131 kalmaya mahk\u00fbmdur. Oysa do\u011fulu olmam\u0131z da siyasi \u00e7\u0131karlardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011fildir. Antik Yunan\u2019da bu co\u011frafyan\u0131n ad\u0131 \u201cg\u00fcne\u015fin do\u011fdu\u011fu yer\u201d olan anatolike idi. Daha sonra, Do\u011fu Roma Devleti alt\u0131nda toplanan hristiyanl\u0131k \u201cdo\u011fulu\u201d oldu. Bu topraklarda m\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletleri kurulunca, Bat\u0131 ile Do\u011fu aras\u0131ndaki zihinsel s\u0131n\u0131r, dinsel fark arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sabitlendi. Do\u011fu ile Bat\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6ylesi bir gel-git i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7izilmi\u015f, farkl\u0131 iktidarlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir. Ancak \u201crumi\u201d ifadesinin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 itibariyle Ortodoks Rumlar\u0131 ifade etmedi\u011fi, Osmanl\u0131 elitinin kendini halktan ve \u015farktan ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in benimsedi\u011fi bir co\u011frafi terim oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7ar. Osmanl\u0131 eliti, Balkanlar\u2019\u0131n Anadolu\u2019ya (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ifadesiyle Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019ya) nazaran \u201c\u00fcst\u00fcn\u201d oldu\u011fu tahayy\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc cumhuriyetten \u00e7ok \u00f6nce geli\u015ftirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Oysa \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 kendine kimlik edinmi\u015f ayd\u0131nlara g\u00f6re \u201chalktan ve halk\u0131n de\u011ferlerinden\u201d uzakla\u015fman\u0131n milad\u0131 cumhuriyettir. Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 onlar da cumhuriyetin kendine bi\u00e7ti\u011fi tarihsel rol \u00fczerinden okurlar, yani t\u0131pk\u0131 cumhuriyet gibi konu\u015furlar. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u0130slamiyet y\u00fcz\u00fcnden geri kalm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fumuz ama Atat\u00fcrk sayesinde laik, modern, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f, bat\u0131 medeniyetleri seviyesine geldi\u011fimize dair resm\u00ee fantaziyi hayret verici bir do\u011fall\u0131kla benimsemi\u015f olan m\u00fcsl\u00fcman ayd\u0131nlar, ayn\u0131 c\u00fcmleleri, ters mant\u0131kla tekrarlarlar: \u201cEskiden ileriydik, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130slamiyet hakimdi. Atat\u00fcrk y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fczden uzakla\u015ft\u0131k, Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kopyas\u0131 olduk.\u201d Resm\u00ee anlat\u0131y\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi koruyan ve yaln\u0131zca onun i\u00e7indeki \u201ciyi\u201d ve \u201ck\u00f6t\u00fc\u201d vurgular\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmekle yetinen m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, indirgemecili\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na karma\u015f\u0131k bir ger\u00e7eklik \u00e7\u0131karmak yerine, bir fantaziyi al\u0131p ba\u015fka bir fantaziyle de\u011fi\u015ftirmektedirler sadece. Kemalistlerin kendi tarihlerine bi\u00e7ti\u011fi milad\u0131 onlar da hi\u00e7 bozmadan korurlar: her \u015feyin ba\u015f\u0131 cumhuriyettir!<\/p>\n

Bu tersy\u00fcz etme i\u015fleminin en ironik yan\u0131, Kemalistlerin kurtard\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sand\u0131klar\u0131 \u201chalk\u201d ile m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferleri temsil ettiklerine inand\u0131klar\u0131 \u201chalk\u201d\u0131n ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Cumhuriyet ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferleri halka atfedip, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n de\u011ferlerini elitist olarak damgalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Din yerine milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131, zira kendi iktidar\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereksinim duydu\u011fu anahtar \u00f6\u011feler dil ve \u0131rk idi. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ayd\u0131nlar ise i\u00e7eri\u011fi farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak bu i\u015flemin bir benzerini tekrarl\u0131yorlar. Onlara g\u00f6re ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferler yine \u201chalk\u201dtad\u0131r, ama bu defa vurgulanan de\u011fer m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131kt\u0131r. Cumhuriyet\u00e7ilerin Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n pen\u00e7esinden kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131 halk de\u011ferlerini m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar bu defa cumhuriyetin pen\u00e7esinden kurtaracaklard\u0131r. Modernizm, laiklik, cumhuriyet gibi \u201cithal\u201d de\u011fer ve olu\u015fumlardan kurtar\u0131lacak olan \u201chalk\u201d kendi \u00f6z\u00fcne d\u00f6necektir.<\/p>\n

Kemalizmin y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7ile \u00e7ekmi\u015f olan bir kesimin kendi ma\u011fduriyetini ifade ederken egemen dili bu denli yeniden \u00fcretmesi \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr tabii. Buradaki sorun, bir yere veya topluma ait oldu\u011funu varsaymak istedi\u011fimiz \u201c\u00f6zsel\u201d \u00f6zellikleri tarihin hangi noktas\u0131ndan bulup \u00e7\u0131kartaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z de\u011fildir. Milliyet\u00e7iler \u201c\u0131rk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131\u201d Orta Asya\u2019ya dayand\u0131r\u0131r, ama hepimizin \u00e7ekik g\u00f6zl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi oyun bozan detaylar\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden geliverirler. Kemalizm, Osmanl\u0131 ile Cumhuriyet aras\u0131na kal\u0131n \u00e7izgiler \u00e7eker ve demokrasi m\u00fccadelesinin ve hatta laiklik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin kendinden \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlerin miras\u0131 oldu\u011funu ink\u00e2r eder. Her ideoloji kendine bir milat icat etme zorunlulu\u011fu i\u00e7indedir. Buradaki esas sorun, kan\u0131mca, bu zorunlulu\u011fun alt\u0131nda yatan itkidir. B\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc homojenle\u015ftirme, \u00e7o\u011fullu\u011fu ve farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yads\u0131ma, melezli\u011fi gizleme arzusu, bir \u201c\u00f6z\u201d aramaya itmektedir. Bunun ne kadar tehlikeli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmemek i\u00e7in insan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kuma g\u00f6m\u00fcyor olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bug\u00fcn Anadolu\u2019da \u0130slam kadar sek\u00fcler reflekslerin de hakim oldu\u011funu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc en az iki y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k bir \u201cmodernle\u015fme\u201d tarihinin \u201chalk\u0131\u201d ister istemez etkilemi\u015f oldu\u011funu, bunlardan \u201ckurtulmak\u201d i\u00e7in halk\u0131n yeniden cendereye sokulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi unutulmaktad\u0131r zira.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ek \u0130slam, ger\u00e7ek halk, ger\u00e7ek laiklik gibi fantazilerin varoldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, adalet ve bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 in\u015fa etmeyece\u011fini kabullenmek bir ayd\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu de\u011fil midir oysa ki? Halk\u0131 homojenle\u015ftiren s\u00f6ylemleri art\u0131k bir kenara b\u0131rakmak, ve ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc kadar bu topraklarda sek\u00fclerizmin, gayrim\u00fcslimli\u011fin, alevili\u011fin, yezidili\u011fin, \u015famanist \u00f6\u011feler ta\u015f\u0131yan m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n (hani yeri gelince \u201chalk \u0130slam\u0131\u201d diye damgalanan ve \u201cger\u00e7ek \u0130slam\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen pratiklerin) ve hatta inan\u00e7s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve ateizmin de bir yeri ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc oldu\u011funu teslim etmek gerekmiyor mu?<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

gambetti@boun.edu.tr Taraf\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

26.10.2010\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ZEYNEP GAMBETT\u0130\u00a0 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fretim G\u00f6revlisi \u00a0 T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme tarihi ne denli siyasi \u00e7\u0131karlar do\u011frusunda geli\u015ftiyse, bu halk\u0131n m\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplum haline getirilmesi de o denli siyasidir.\u00a0 Laik\u00e7ilere kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fccadelenin en \u00f6nemli ayaklar\u0131ndan biri do\u011fal say\u0131lagelen ifadeleri ve pratikleri sorgulamakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesi bir yolda y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e ve d\u00fcnyay\u0131 laik\/m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olarak ikiye ay\u0131ran iktidar\u0131n kendi \u00e7eli\u015fki ve \u00e7\u0131kmazlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\nHalk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u2018ger\u00e7ek\u2019 de\u011ferleri - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/10\/30\/halkimizin-gercek-degerleri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u2018ger\u00e7ek\u2019 de\u011ferleri - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ZEYNEP GAMBETT\u0130\u00a0 Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fretim G\u00f6revlisi \u00a0 T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme tarihi ne denli siyasi \u00e7\u0131karlar do\u011frusunda geli\u015ftiyse, bu halk\u0131n m\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplum haline getirilmesi de o denli siyasidir.\u00a0 Laik\u00e7ilere kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fccadelenin en \u00f6nemli ayaklar\u0131ndan biri do\u011fal say\u0131lagelen ifadeleri ve pratikleri sorgulamakt\u0131r. 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