{"id":25035,"date":"2013-08-15T03:27:29","date_gmt":"2013-08-15T08:27:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=25035"},"modified":"2013-08-15T03:27:29","modified_gmt":"2013-08-15T08:27:29","slug":"yerli-yabancilar-olarak-gayrimuslimlerin-vatandaslik-halleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/08\/15\/yerli-yabancilar-olarak-gayrimuslimlerin-vatandaslik-halleri\/","title":{"rendered":"‘Yerli-yabanc\u0131lar’ olarak gayrim\u00fcslimlerin vatanda\u015fl\u0131k halleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"'Yerli-yabanc\u0131lar'<\/a>Lozan ile getirilen e\u015fit vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ilkesinin, uzun zaman siyasiler, b\u00fcrokratlar ve daha \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc olan yan\u0131, hukuk\u00e7ular ve yarg\u0131\u00e7larca benimsenemedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Av. Naz\u0131m Tural\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Giri\u015f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u2018Cumhuriyetin gizli soy kodu\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla gazete man\u015fetlerinde yer alan haberde; n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda Rumlar\u0131n 1, Ermenilerin 2, Yahudilerin 3, S\u00fcryanilerin 4, di\u011ferlerinin 5 olarak\u00a0 kodland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi. Kamuoyunda geni\u015f ilgi g\u00f6ren haber \u2018\u2019gayrim\u00fcslimlerin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019\u2019 konusunda halen s\u00fcrmekte olan yayg\u0131n alg\u0131 ve hak ihlallerinin hat\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda yarar oldu\u011funu ortaya koymakta.<\/p>\n

Gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimlerin e\u015fit vatanda\u015f olarak kabullenilmemesinden kaynaklanan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 sorunlar bulunmakla birlikte,\u00a0 bu yaz\u0131da, gayrim\u00fcslimlerin \u00fclkemizde yerli-yabanc\u0131 say\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel yap\u0131ya k\u0131saca de\u011finilerek, idare ve hukuk alan\u0131ndaki yans\u0131malar\u0131 \u00f6zetle anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131da uygulanan din temelli millet sisteme g\u00f6re; gayrim\u00fcslim vatanda\u015flar, islam devleti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u2018\u2019z\u0131mmi\u2019\u2019 olarak kabul edilmekte; mal ve can g\u00fcvenli\u011fi korunmakta, devlet kademelerinde g\u00f6rev alabilmekteydiler. Ancak, gayrim\u00fcslimlerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara g\u00f6re daha s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 haklar ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler alt\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 da not edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulu\u015f d\u00f6neminde yeni ulus devletin kurulu\u015fu, ulusal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck ve ulusal kimli\u011finin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde gayrim\u00fcslimler idealize edilen \u2018T\u00fcrkl\u00fck \u00fczerine kurulacak ulusal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck\u2019\u2019 i\u00e7in tehlike olu\u015fturan unsurlar, \u00f6tekiler, g\u00fcvenilmez gruplar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fcler. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman da yabanc\u0131 olarak an\u0131ld\u0131lar veya tan\u0131mland\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde benimsenen, \u00fclke i\u00e7inde var olan t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkl\u00fck, T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fi ve T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015ftirme stratejisi i\u00e7ine gayrim\u00fcslimlerin dahil edilmelerinin Lozan\u2019a ra\u011fmen kolay olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlenmektedir. Lozan\u2019\u0131n gayr\u0131m\u00fcslim az\u0131nl\u0131klara e\u015fit vatanda\u015fl\u0131k stat\u00fcs\u00fc getirmesine, bunun temel yasa olarak kabul edilmesine, ayk\u0131r\u0131 hi\u00e7bir yasal d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul ve taahh\u00fct edilmesine kar\u015f\u0131n Cumhuriyet\u2019in gayrim\u00fcslim vatanda\u015flar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n baz\u0131 mevzuat ve yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131na yans\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

1924 Anayasas\u0131 vatanda\u015fl\u0131k tan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1924 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n vatanda\u015fl\u0131k tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen maddesine ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulu\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda gayrim\u00fcslimlere y\u00f6nelik yerle\u015fik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ortaya koymas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ergun \u00d6zbudun\u2019 un 1924 Anayasas\u0131 kitab\u0131nda bu konudaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar \u00f6zetle aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Enc\u00fcmen \u00f6nerisinin ilk f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u2018\u2019T\u00fcrkiye ahalisine din ve \u0131rk fark\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n (T\u00fcrk) \u0131tlak olunur (denilir)\u2019\u2019 denmekteydi.\u00a0 Madde gerek\u00e7esi de \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktayd\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u2018\u2019Devletimiz bir devlet-i milliyedir. Milletleraras\u0131 veyahut milletler \u00fcst\u00fc bir devlet de\u011fildir. Devlet, T\u00fcrkten ba\u015fka bir millet tan\u0131maz. Memleket dahilinde e\u015fit haklara sahip ba\u015fka \u0131rktan gelme kimseler bulundu\u011fundan bunlar\u0131n \u0131rki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 milliyete engel tan\u0131mak caiz olamaz. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fcrriyeti vicdan tasdik tasdik edilmi\u015f oldu\u011fundan, din farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da milliyete engel addedilmemi\u015ftir…\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n

Maddeninin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Istanbul milletvekili Hamdullah Suphi Bey\u2019in gayrim\u00fcslimlerin T\u00fcrk dili ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc benimsememi\u015f olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle T\u00fcrk say\u0131lam\u0131yacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrmesi dikkat \u00e7ekicidir: \u2018\u2019…fakat bir hakikat vard\u0131r. Onlar T\u00fcrk olamazlar. Hatta Meclis\u2019de firari rum ve ermenileri T\u00fcrk yapamaz. Onlar da olmaz, imkan\u0131 yoktur… Buraya T\u00fcrkt\u00fcr diye bir madde-i kanuniye ge\u00e7iriniz, acaba aradaki fark\u0131 kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olurmusunuz ve hangimizi temin edebilir ki, bunlar T\u00fcrk olmu\u015flard\u0131r ?… Ba\u015fka memleketlerde, ba\u015fka az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul ediniz. Fransa\u2019da ya\u015fayan musevi nas\u0131l Frans\u0131z gibi ba\u015fka mektepten vaz ge\u00e7mi\u015fse, nas\u0131l ba\u015fka lisan konu\u015fmuyorsa, nas\u0131l Fransa\u2019y\u0131 benimsemi\u015f ise, mekteplerinizi kapat\u0131n\u0131z, ermenili\u011fi terkediniz. T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kabul ediniz. Ondan sonra size T\u00fcrk deriz.\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Enc\u00fcmen s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Celal Nuri Bey, uluslararas\u0131 hukuktan kaynaklanan birtak\u0131m y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler oldu\u011funu, gayrim\u00fcslim az\u0131nl\u0131klara T\u00fcrkl\u00fck s\u0131fat\u0131 verilmedi\u011fi takdirde, ne denece\u011finin belirlenmesi gere\u011fine i\u015faret ederek, \u2018\u2019T\u00fcrkiyeli\u2019\u2019 deyiminin hi\u00e7bir yararl\u0131 anlam ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015f, ard\u0131ndan bu T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan unsurlar\u0131n \u2018\u015f\u00fck\u00fcrler olsun ki\u2019 az\u0131nl\u0131k olduklar\u0131n\u0131 eklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalar sonucu, Hamdullan Suphi Bey\u2019in de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00f6nergesi kabul edilmi\u015f, maddeye \u2018\u2019 vatanda\u015fl\u0131k itibariyle\u2019\u2019 ibaresi eklenerek, madde \u015fu \u015fekli alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r : \u2018\u2019T\u00fcrkiye ahalisine din ve \u0131rk fark\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n vatanda\u015fl\u0131k itibariyle T\u00fcrk \u0131tlak olunur (denilir).\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n

Lozan\u2019\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bu tart\u0131\u015fmalarda; gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimler i\u00e7in kabul edilmi\u015f olan e\u015fit vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ilkesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkl\u00fck ve T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, yeni d\u00f6nemde az\u0131nl\u0131klar konusunda izlenecek politikan\u0131n da ipuclar\u0131n\u0131 vermektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130dari i\u015flemlerde yabanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n tescili <\/strong><\/h2>\n

Lozan ile getirilen e\u015fit vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ilkesinin, uzun zaman siyasiler, b\u00fcrokratlar ve daha \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc olan yan\u0131, hukuk\u00e7ular ve yarg\u0131\u00e7larca benimsenemedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu konuda \u00f6ncelikle dikkat \u00e7eken husus, Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde 1940\u2019lara kadar gayrim\u00fcslim vatanda\u015flar\u0131n, n\u00fcfus idarelerinde “Ecanip Defterleri’ne, yani \u2018\u2019yabanc\u0131lar defteri\u2019\u2019ine kaydedilmesidir.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Vatanda\u015flar\u0131na verilen \u00e7ok sayfal\u0131 defter bi\u00e7imindeki n\u00fcfus h\u00fcviyet c\u00fczdanlar\u0131nda, gayrim\u00fcslimlere ait olanlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131nda, n\u00fcfus memurunun n\u00fcfus k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kay\u0131tl\u0131 oldu\u011fu yer b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne el yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile “yabanc\u0131” s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc eklemesi yerle\u015fik zihniyetin, nuf\u00fcs h\u00fcviyet belgesindeki hukusal garabetin fark\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Gayrim\u00fcslimleri resmi kay\u0131tlarda yabanc\u0131 sayma tutumunun yaln\u0131zca nuf\u00fcs idaresi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Milli E\u011fitim sisteminde de gayrim\u00fcslimlerin okullar\u0131n\u0131n \u2018yabanc\u0131 okul\u2019 olarak kabul edildi\u011fi, duyulan g\u00fcvensizlik nedeniyle T\u00fcrk m\u00fcd\u00fcr yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 uygulmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n

625 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6zel \u00d6\u011fretim Kurumlar\u0131 Kanunu’nun 24. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden ba\u015fka dilde \u00f6\u011fretim yapan ve yabanc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan \u00f6zel okullarda, yasadaki terimle\u00a0 “T\u00fcrk m\u00fcd\u00fcr ba\u015fyard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131\u201d g\u00f6revlendirilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yabanc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f okullar i\u00e7in getirilimi\u015f bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olan gayrim\u00fclimlerin kurdu\u011f\u00fc az\u0131nl\u0131k okullar\u0131na da uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Madde, ba\u015fyard\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011fini; \u2018\u2019T\u00fcrk as\u0131ll\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti uyruklu\u2019\u2019 olarak ifade etmektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 gayrim\u00fcslimler taraf\u0131ndan kurulan, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 okullara bu maddenin uygulanmas\u0131 gayrim\u00fcslim vatanda\u015flar\u0131 “yabanc\u0131” olarak tan\u0131mlaman\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olmaktad\u0131r. Bu madde, 14.02.2007\u2019de Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131mlanan yeni yasa ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f; ancak, \u2018\u2019okullar\u0131n \u00f6zellik g\u00f6stermesi gereken hususlar\u0131 y\u00f6netmelikle tespit edilir. Bu y\u00f6netmelikte, ilgili \u00fclkelerin bu konulardaki m\u00fctekabil mevzuat ve uygulamalar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmak suretiyle haz\u0131rlan\u0131r\u2019\u2019denerek, gayrim\u00fcslim vatanda\u015flar\u0131n dolayl\u0131 bir ifade ile yabanc\u0131 say\u0131lmaya devam etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fctekabiliyet esas\u0131 veya kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi olarak bilinen ilke; yabanc\u0131lar hukukuna il\u015fkin olup,\u00a0 yabanc\u0131lara ili\u015fkin konular\u0131 d\u00fczenlemekte, devletler aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 benzer kurallar uygulamay\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Bu nedenle, baz\u0131 siyasi nedenler ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclerek, vatanda\u015flara uygulanmas\u0131, a\u011f\u0131r hukuk ihlali olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer bir \u00f6rnek, az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 \u201c\u00fclke g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan\u2019\u2019 tehlikeli g\u00f6ren resmi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Hazine taraf\u0131ndan \u015eubat 2003\u2019te \u00dcsk\u00fcdardaki bir az\u0131nl\u0131k lisesinin (Surp Ha\u00e7 Ermeni Lisesi Vakf\u0131)\u00a0 tapusunun iptali i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lan dava dilek\u00e7esinde \u2018\u2019\u00dclke g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan az\u0131nl\u0131k faaliyetlerinin kontol\u00fc ile g\u00f6revli \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Az\u0131nl\u0131k Tali Komisyonu\u2019nca al\u0131nan kararda; Surp Ha\u00e7 Ermeni Lisesi Vakf\u0131 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir vakf\u0131n hukuken m\u00fcmk\u00fcn\u00a0 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ….bu nedenle vak\u0131f olarak ad\u0131na tescil ettirdi\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n tapular\u0131n\u0131n iptali ile Hazine ad\u0131na sa\u011flanmas\u0131 istenmektedir.\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n

Burada,\u00a0 yakla\u015f\u0131k on y\u0131l \u00f6ncesi bir tarihte gayri m\u00fcslimlerin\u00a0 \u2018\u2019\u00fclke g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan\u2019\u2019 tehlikeli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, izlenmeleri i\u00e7in \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde \u2018\u2019Az\u0131nl\u0131k Tali Komisyonu\u2019\u2019 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olan bir Komisyon\u2019un gayrim\u00fcslimlere ili\u015fkin konularda idari tasarruflarda bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu Komisyon\u2019un 1962\u2019de gizli olarak kuruldu\u011fu, 2004\u2019te kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

28.12.1988\u2019de Bakanlar Kurulu\u2019nca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve 1991\u2019e kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalan \u2018\u2019Sabotajlara Kar\u015f\u0131 Koruma Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi, ise; 5\/j Maddesinde kimlerin sabaotaj yapabilece\u011fini sayarken \u2018\u2019Memleket i\u00e7indeki yerli yabanc\u0131lar (T\u00fcrk tebaal\u0131) ve yabanc\u0131 \u0131rktan olanlar” diyerek gayrim\u00fcslim T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u2018\u2019yerli – yabanc\u0131\u2019\u2019olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 gayrim\u00fcslimlerin \u2018\u2019sabotaj yapabilecek kimseler aras\u0131nda say\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yabanc\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131\u2019\u2019 yerle\u015fik zihniyeti g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir di\u011fer \u00f6rnek olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda yabanc\u0131l\u0131k tescili<\/strong><\/h2>\n

“1936 Beyannamesi” olarak bilinen ve gayrim\u00fcslim vak\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n 1936 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra, vasiyet, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f, sat\u0131nalma gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli yollarla edindikleri gayr\u0131menkullere el konulmas\u0131 ve eski sahiplerine iade edilmesi gibi m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r ihlalini olu\u015fturan idari i\u015flemlere ili\u015fkin yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda gayrim\u00fcslimlerin \u2018\u2019yabanc\u0131\u2019\u2019 kabul edilmeleri, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda, m\u00fclkiyeti hakk\u0131n\u0131 temel haklar aras\u0131nda sayan hukuk devleti ilkelerinin de ihlali olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesi’nin 06.07.1971 tarihli ve 4449 E, 4399 K say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde aynen \u015fu c\u00fcmlelere yer verilmekte: “…g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki, T\u00fcrk olmayanlar\u0131n<\/em> meydana getirdikleri T\u00fczel ki\u015filiklerin gayrimenkul iktisaplar\u0131 men edilmi\u015ftir: Zira, h\u00fckm\u00ee \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n fertlere nazaran daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmalar\u0131 itibariyle, bunlar\u0131n iktisaplar\u0131n\u0131n tahdit edilmemesi halinde Devlet’in \u00e7e\u015fitli tehlikelere maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131 ve t\u00fcrl\u00fc mahsurlar do\u011fabilece\u011fi muhakkakt\u0131r. Nitekim bu nokta\u00ee nazardan hareket edilerek 2644 say\u0131l\u0131 tapu kanununun 35. Maddesi ile (kanun\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmler yerinde kalmak ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olmak \u015fart\u0131yle yabanc\u0131 hakiki \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de gayr\u0131menkul mallara temell\u00fck ve tevas\u00fcr\u00fc) m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu halde, t\u00fczel ki\u015filer bu imkandan mahrum k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin oybirli\u011fiyle ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu bozma karar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu vak\u0131flar “T\u00fcrk olmayanlar\u0131n meydana getirdikleri t\u00fczel ki\u015filikler” olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Konunun geldi\u011fi Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulunda, karar\u0131n benzer s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerle tekrar edilerek hukuksuzlu\u011fun onayland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir: \u2018\u2019G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki T\u00fcrk olmayanlar\u0131n meydana getirdikleri t\u00fczel ki\u015filiklerin ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmeleri yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc; t\u00fczel ki\u015filer ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filere oranla daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmelerinin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 halinde devletin \u00e7e\u015fitli tehlikelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 ve t\u00fcrl\u00fc sak\u0131ncalar do\u011fabilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r… (Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, 08.05.1974 tarih ve 2\/820-505 say\u0131l\u0131 )<\/p>\n

Yine Yarg\u0131tay 1. HD. 24\/6\/1975 tarih, 3648-6594 tarihli karar\u0131nda, gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimleri yabanc\u0131 olarak kabul etmekte “yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de mal edinmeleri yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olup bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler kamu d\u00fczeni ile ilgili oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in daval\u0131 kurumun bu konudaki yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015flemine davac\u0131 idarenin kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda \u2026kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u00f6n yoktur” denmi\u015ftir. Bu karar da oybirli\u011fi ile al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karar d\u00fczeltme istemi \u00fczerine, Yarg\u0131tay, 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda verdi\u011fi karar\u0131nda, gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimleri yabanc\u0131 sayan ifadenin \u2018\u2019 yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de ta\u015f\u0131nmaz mal edinmelerini yasaklayan yasalardan s\u00f6z edilmesinin bir yan\u0131lg\u0131 sonucu oldu\u011funu\u2019\u2019 belirtmi\u015f, onama ilam\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Ancak, karar\u0131n dayana\u011f\u0131 olan unsur de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi, gayr\u0131m\u00fclimlerin yabanc\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edildi\u011fi halde, bu hususa hi\u00e7 de\u011fininmeden d\u00fczeltme iste\u011fini reddetmi\u015ftir. (Aktar\u0131lan karar \u00f6zetleri, B.Oran\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131 ve F. \u00c7etin\u2019in tebli\u011finde yer almaktad\u0131r.)<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulu\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda benimsenen az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 \u2018\u2019ulusal b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck\u2019\u2019 kavram\u0131 i\u00e7inde, tehlikeli unsurlar olarak g\u00f6ren \u2018\u2019g\u00fcvenlik\u00e7i\u2019\u2019 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n halen varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurmas\u0131, Lozan\u2019da tan\u0131nan haklar\u0131n ihlallerinin s\u00fcrmesi, \u00f6zellikle idarenin ve yarg\u0131n\u0131n gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimleri \u2018e\u015fit vatanda\u015f\u2019 olarak kabullenememesi sadece a\u011f\u0131r hak ihlalleri olarak de\u011ferlendirilemeyecek boyutlarda olup, Cumhuriyet\u2019in Hukuk Devletini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecindeki \u00f6nemli sorun alan\u0131\u00a0 olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrmektedir. Di\u011fer bir anlat\u0131mla, gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimlerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlali ile ge\u00e7en y\u0131llar, Cumhuriyet\u2019in hukuk devletini kurmada ge\u00e7 kalmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc olmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0130dari makamlar\u0131n ve Yarg\u0131tay’\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli dairelerinin y\u0131llarca gayr\u0131m\u00fcslim vatanda\u015flar\u0131\u00a0 “yabanc\u0131” oalarak saymalar\u0131 ve m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlallerini yabanc\u0131lara uygulanan d\u00fczenlemelerle gerek\u00e7elendirmeleri, insan haklar\u0131 standartlar\u0131 ve yarg\u0131ya yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymas\u0131 nedeni ile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelen, g\u00fcven duyulmayan, \u00f6teki ve yabanc\u0131 alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, Lozan\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerinden 90 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesine, Avrupa ile entegrasyon \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n elli y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n halen varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi, \u00fclkemizde kapsaml\u0131 bir demokratikle\u015fme, insan haklar\u0131 reformlar\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fini ayr\u0131ca gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131labildi\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcren demokratikle\u015fme paketi \u00f6zel bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131makta\u0131r. Bug\u00fcne kadar s\u00fcren hak ihlallerini sona erdirecek d\u00fczenlemelerle, gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimleri e\u015fit vatanda\u015flar olarak i\u00e7ine alan bir hukuk devletini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmenin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in f\u0131rsat olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\nFaydalan\u0131lan Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ergun \u00d6zbudun, 1924 Anayasas\u0131, 1.Bask\u0131.<\/em> \u0130stanbul Bilgi \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2012.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bask\u0131n Oran, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Az\u0131nl\u0131klar, 6. Bask\u0131, \u0130stanbul, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 2010.<\/em><\/p>\n

Fethiye \u00c7etin, \u201cYerli Yabanc\u0131lar\u201d, Ulusal, Ulusal\u00fcst\u00fc ve Uluslararas\u0131 Hukukta Az\u0131nl\u0131k Haklar\u0131, \u0130stanbul Barosu \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Merkezi, 2002.<\/em><\/p>\n

turaltr@yahoo.com<\/b><\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/t24.com.tr\/haber\/yerli-yabancilar-olarak-gayrimuslimlerin-vatandaslik-halleri\/236839<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lozan ile getirilen e\u015fit vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ilkesinin, uzun zaman siyasiler, b\u00fcrokratlar ve daha \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc olan yan\u0131, hukuk\u00e7ular ve yarg\u0131\u00e7larca benimsenemedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Av. Naz\u0131m Tural\u00a0 Giri\u015f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018Cumhuriyetin gizli soy kodu\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla gazete man\u015fetlerinde yer alan haberde; n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda Rumlar\u0131n 1, Ermenilerin 2, Yahudilerin 3, S\u00fcryanilerin 4, di\u011ferlerinin 5 olarak\u00a0 kodland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi. Kamuoyunda geni\u015f ilgi g\u00f6ren haber \u2018\u2019gayrim\u00fcslimlerin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,26,42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25035","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\n'Yerli-yabanc\u0131lar' olarak gayrim\u00fcslimlerin vatanda\u015fl\u0131k halleri - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/08\/15\/yerli-yabancilar-olarak-gayrimuslimlerin-vatandaslik-halleri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"'Yerli-yabanc\u0131lar' olarak gayrim\u00fcslimlerin vatanda\u015fl\u0131k halleri - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lozan ile getirilen e\u015fit vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ilkesinin, uzun zaman siyasiler, b\u00fcrokratlar ve daha \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc olan yan\u0131, hukuk\u00e7ular ve yarg\u0131\u00e7larca benimsenemedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 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Av. Naz\u0131m Tural\u00a0 Giri\u015f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018Cumhuriyetin gizli soy kodu\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla gazete man\u015fetlerinde yer alan haberde; n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda Rumlar\u0131n 1, Ermenilerin 2, Yahudilerin 3, S\u00fcryanilerin 4, di\u011ferlerinin 5 olarak\u00a0 kodland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi. Kamuoyunda geni\u015f ilgi g\u00f6ren haber \u2018\u2019gayrim\u00fcslimlerin […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/08\/15\/yerli-yabancilar-olarak-gayrimuslimlerin-vatandaslik-halleri\/","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2013-08-15T08:27:29+00:00","author":"kalem","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"kalem","Est. reading time":"12 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/08\/15\/yerli-yabancilar-olarak-gayrimuslimlerin-vatandaslik-halleri\/","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/08\/15\/yerli-yabancilar-olarak-gayrimuslimlerin-vatandaslik-halleri\/","name":"'Yerli-yabanc\u0131lar' olarak gayrim\u00fcslimlerin vatanda\u015fl\u0131k halleri - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#website"},"datePublished":"2013-08-15T08:27:29+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#\/schema\/person\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/08\/15\/yerli-yabancilar-olarak-gayrimuslimlerin-vatandaslik-halleri\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/08\/15\/yerli-yabancilar-olarak-gayrimuslimlerin-vatandaslik-halleri\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/08\/15\/yerli-yabancilar-olarak-gayrimuslimlerin-vatandaslik-halleri\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"‘Yerli-yabanc\u0131lar’ olarak gayrim\u00fcslimlerin vatanda\u015fl\u0131k halleri"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#\/schema\/person\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c","name":"kalem","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a06875e4b25feb5674296adf8e8a7ae1e587cebce2493fe63c456109967e27d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a06875e4b25feb5674296adf8e8a7ae1e587cebce2493fe63c456109967e27d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"kalem"},"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/author\/kalem\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25035","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25035"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25035\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25035"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25035"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25035"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}