{"id":23103,"date":"2013-04-27T02:28:34","date_gmt":"2013-04-27T07:28:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=23103"},"modified":"2013-04-27T02:28:34","modified_gmt":"2013-04-27T07:28:34","slug":"hayk-ve-bel-efsane-mi-menkibe-mi-yoksa-gercek-anlatim-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/04\/27\/hayk-ve-bel-efsane-mi-menkibe-mi-yoksa-gercek-anlatim-mi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cHayk ve Bel\u201d, efsane mi, menk\u0131be mi yoksa ger\u00e7ek anlat\u0131m m\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Hakob Simonyan<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0Tarih Doktoru<\/em>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\"Hayk<\/a>
Hayk ve Bel\u2019in sava\u015f\u0131, Culyano Zossi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bu sorunu irdelemek i\u00e7in, erken Orta\u00e7a\u011f tarih\u00e7ilerinden Khorenatsi ve Sebeos\u2019tan b\u00f6l\u00fcmler halinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan Ermeni destanlar\u0131yla ilgili yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgeler ile ge\u00e7mi\u015fin derinliklerinde vuku bulan tarihi olaylar\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda \u015fekillenmi\u015f destanlar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnleyen ve yeniden ayd\u0131nlatan, son y\u0131llar\u0131n arkeolojik bulgular\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131k. <\/span><\/p>\n

Hayk ve Bel\u2019in sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n epopesi, Ermeni halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok sevilen, en eski ve en \u00fcnl\u00fc Ermeni destanlar\u0131ndan biridir. Farkl\u0131 eski anlat\u0131lar gibi \u201cHayk ve Bel\u201d \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ana maddesinin de, bize g\u00f6re, daha sonralar\u0131 kahramanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p halk destan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan somut tarihi bir temeli olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Bu anlat\u0131, y\u00fczy\u0131llar ve biny\u0131llar boyu a\u011f\u0131zdan a\u011fza s\u00f6ylenip, anlat\u0131larak Asurlu filozof Mar Abbas Katina\u2019ya ula\u015f\u0131r ve onun \u201cAtalar\u0131n Tarihi\u201d kitab\u0131ndan faydalanan Movses Khorenatsi ve Sebeos taraf\u0131ndan, anonim tarih\u00e7iye atfedilen giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki metinde d\u00fczeltmeler ve eklemeler yap\u0131larak yaz\u0131ya al\u0131n\u0131r[1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Babken Har\u0131tyunyan\u2019\u0131n belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re Movses Khorenatsi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, Sebeos ise daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta halk hik\u00e2yelerini kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r[2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. Bu y\u00fczden, Hayk ve Bel\u2019le ilgili anlat\u0131, erken Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da da dola\u015f\u0131mda olmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Farkl\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015fik ifadelerle betimlenmi\u015f olan bu destan\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011finin do\u011fru form\u00fcle edili\u015fini yeni bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131mlarda dominant olan, bu anlat\u0131n\u0131n bir mitoloji oldu\u011fudur, bu ise, anlat\u0131n\u0131n hayal \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olup, Ermenilerin ilk tarihi ve dini ile k\u0131smen ilintili oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmektedir[3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Efsane (Mit) <\/span><\/b>kavram\u0131, Yunanca mytos<\/i> kelimesinden t\u00fcremi\u015f olup, \u201cdeyi\u015f\u201d, \u201chayali hik\u00e2ye\u201d[4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Oxford \u0130ngilizce s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde mitoloji (efsane) kavram\u0131, \u201cinsan\u00fcst\u00fc kahramanlar\u0131n, faaliyetlerin ve olaylar\u0131n rol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, do\u011fal ve tarihi olaylarla ilgili \u015fu ya da bu fikri temsil eden faaliyetler ve i\u015flemlerin geli\u015fti\u011fi hayali hik\u00e2ye\u201d[5]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> olarak yorumlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Menk\u0131be (Lejant) <\/span><\/b>kavram\u0131 Orta\u00e7a\u011f men\u015felidir, Latince legenda<\/i> kelimesinden t\u00fcremi\u015f olup, \u201cokunacak bir \u015fey\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f yorumla \u201ceski zamanlardan bize ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini tespit etme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f hik\u00e2ye (destan)\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Menk\u0131be, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc olaylar\u0131n egemen oldu\u011fu bir \u00f6yk\u00fc olup, ayn\u0131 zamanda da s\u00f6zl\u00fc veya yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde bize aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, fakat ger\u00e7ek olaylar\u0131n abart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve i\u015flenmi\u015f oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekli\u011finin, tarihi veya arkeolojik kan\u0131tlarla bilimsel olarak tespit edilmesi zor olan bir hik\u00e2yedir[6]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. G. A. Levinton\u2019a g\u00f6re, genellikle azizlerin faaliyetleriyle ilgili olup, menk\u0131bede anlat\u0131lan olaylar\u0131n \u00e7ok eskilerde, efsanevi ve tarihi zamanlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda vuku bulmu\u015ftur. Kavmin do\u011fu\u015f konusu da menk\u0131beye \u00f6zeldir[7]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Halk hik\u00e2yesi bir ger\u00e7ek anlat\u0131m olup, d\u00fcnyevi olaylar, ger\u00e7ek ve tarihi ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131 konu almaktad\u0131r ve mucizev\u00ee olaylar bu durumda mecburi unsur olmamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Halk hik\u00e2yeleri, tarihi an\u0131lar olarak nesilden nesle s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Efsaneler ve menk\u0131belerin aksine, halk hik\u00e2yelerindeki olaylar sadece tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde ge\u00e7mektedir[8]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Erken ger\u00e7ek anlat\u0131m olarak, somut tarihi olaylar\u0131n, kahramanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f destan \u015feklinde yorumlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu anlamaktay\u0131z. Bu anlat\u0131mda ger\u00e7ek ve ger\u00e7ek\u00fcst\u00fc birbirleriyle kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte, ge\u00e7mi\u015f zamanlarda vuku bulmu\u015f tarihi bir ger\u00e7eklik oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, dominant tarihi malzemeyi, asl\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bunun haricinde, arkeolojik buluntular, ger\u00e7ek anlat\u0131mlarda betimlenen olaylar\u0131, t\u00f6renleri ve al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 dolayl\u0131 veya do\u011frudan, elle tutulur kan\u0131tlarla tamamlamaktad\u0131r. Bu anlat\u0131larda efsane h\u00e2l\u00e2 yans\u0131makla birlikte, esas tarihi konuda kayda de\u011fer bir rol sahibi olmay\u0131p, sadece stil unsuru olarak var olmaktad\u0131r[9]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan, birbirleriyle s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olup, s\u0131k\u00e7a birbirlerinden olu\u015fmalar\u0131yla birlikte menk\u0131be, efsane ve erken ger\u00e7ek anlat\u0131m aras\u0131nda ince, fakat temel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Belirtilen terimlerin do\u011fru kullan\u0131m\u0131, onlar\u0131n alg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131 belirlemekte ve takdim edilen konuyla ilgili toplumsal fikrin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 belirlemektedir. \u015eimdi Ermenilerin, bize ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan en eski halk hik\u00e2yesinden baz\u0131 pasajlar\u0131 inceleyip, efsaneden ger\u00e7ek anlat\u0131ma kadar uzanan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Antik Ermeni mitolojisinin temel fig\u00fcrlerinden biri, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u201cy\u0131ld\u0131z\u201d, cesur avc\u0131, yenilmez sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ve ulusunu seven cet olan Ata Hayk\u2019t\u0131r. Efsanevi anlat\u0131lara istinaden, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra, tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 bulunan parlak ve g\u00fczel bir y\u0131ld\u0131za d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr[10]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. Burada \u00f6zellikle, Ermenistan\u2019daki bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6neticilerinin kabirlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f t\u00f6renlerine uygun olarak[11]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ecdad\u0131n, atan\u0131n, kral-\u00f6nderin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonraki tanr\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 fikri kesin olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. <\/span><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re Hayk ve Bel\u2019in sava\u015f\u0131, ger\u00e7ekten de Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumu ve anayurt-vatan\u0131nda devlet te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmesi tarihinin kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f olgusudur. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn taraftarlar\u0131, bu epopeye bir\u00e7ok kereler de\u011finmi\u015f, hatta olaylar\u0131n zaman\u0131n\u0131 kurgulamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u011eevond Ali\u015fan\u2019\u0131n zamanbilim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re Hayk ve Bel\u2019in (Nemrut) sava\u015f\u0131, M.\u00d6. 2492 y\u0131l\u0131nda vuku bulmu\u015ftur. Bu kronik kurgulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in, 428 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, yani Navasard\u2019\u0131n 1\u2019inin Ermenilerin hareketli g\u00fcne\u015f takvimine g\u00f6re J\u00fclyen takviminin 23 A\u011fustosuna (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz takvimiyle 11 A\u011fustos) denk d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olgusundan faydalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. As\u0131l Ermeni takviminin bir y\u0131l\u0131, 30\u2019ar g\u00fcnl\u00fck 12 ay ve be\u015f ilave g\u00fcnden (Y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kutlamak i\u00e7in) olu\u015fmakta, buna ise d\u00f6rt y\u0131lda bir g\u00fcn daha eklenmekteydi. Bu y\u00fczden, di\u011fer bayramlar gibi Navasard\u2019\u0131n 1\u2019i de hareketli bayramlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek, 1460 y\u0131lda bir tekrarlanmaktayd\u0131. Bu ise g\u00fcne\u015fin, y\u0131ld\u0131z sisteminde bir b\u00fct\u00fcn dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131na e\u015fittir. \u201cErmeni d\u00f6nemi\u201d veya g\u00fcne\u015fin y\u0131ld\u0131z sistemindeki bir b\u00fct\u00fcn dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 1460 y\u0131lda bir ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi konusundaki bu astronomik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler ile Hayk ve Bel\u2019in sava\u015f\u0131ndan 428 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar iki dola\u015f\u0131m ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011funu hesaba katarak, bu belirleyici sava\u015f\u0131n hangi y\u0131lda vuku buldu\u011funu hesaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1460-M.\u00d6.428=M.\u00d6.1032+1460=M.\u00d6.2492 veya 1460×2-428=M.\u00d6.2492. Ali\u015fan\u2019a g\u00f6re, Bel\u2019in yenilmesi ve \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihi, Yunanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7ilerden Afrikanos ve Evsebios taraf\u0131ndan da M.\u00d6.2492 olarak kabul edilmektedir[12]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde dola\u015f\u0131mda olan bir di\u011fer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f de, Hayk ve Bel\u2019in sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tarihini tekrar takvim hesaplamalar\u0131yla bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Lakin bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn taraftarlar\u0131, bu halk hik\u00e2yesinin temelinde, Asur ve Van krall\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u00fcren uzun rekabetin yank\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekte ve b\u00f6ylece olaylar\u0131 kronolojik olarak bamba\u015fka bir ortama yerle\u015ftirmektedir[13]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. Babken Harutyunyan, bu tezi geli\u015ftirerek, takvim hesaplamalar\u0131 i\u00e7im temel te\u015fkil etmi\u015f olan 428 tarihinden, Hayk ve Bel\u2019in sava\u015f\u0131na kadar iki de\u011fil, bir g\u00fcne\u015f d\u00f6nemi var oldu\u011funu ve bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bu tarihi olay\u0131n M.\u00d6. 1032 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrmektedir. Kendisini bir g\u00fcne\u015f d\u00f6nemi fikrine iten, Hayk s\u00fclalesinden Aram\u2019\u0131n ger\u00e7ek bir fig\u00fcr olarak, Van Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kral\u0131 Arame olmas\u0131 tezidir. Bu durumda, Hayk\u2019tan Aram\u2019a kadar bin be\u015f y\u00fcz y\u0131l yerine, birka\u00e7 as\u0131r ge\u00e7mi\u015f olabilece\u011fini tahmin etmek tabiidir[14]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu sorunlar\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmak amac\u0131yla yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve arkeolojik kaynaklar\u0131 inceleyelim.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

MEVZ\u0130:<\/strong> \u201c\u2026Aramanyak ise halk\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p, kuzeydo\u011fuya g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek, y\u00fcksek da\u011flarla \u00e7evrili ve ortas\u0131ndan bir nehrin \u00e7a\u011flayarak akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 derin bir ovaya iner. Ova do\u011fuya y\u00f6nelmi\u015f gibiydi ve uzunlamas\u0131na g\u00fcne\u015fe do\u011fru uzanmaktayd\u0131, da\u011flar\u0131n eteklerinden ise say\u0131s\u0131z kaynaklar f\u0131\u015fk\u0131r\u0131yor, bu sular birle\u015fip, nehirler olu\u015fturarak da\u011flar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve ovan\u0131n k\u0131yalar\u0131 boyunca, delikanl\u0131lar\u0131n, gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar\u0131n etraf\u0131nda doland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi nazl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde akmaktayd\u0131. G\u00fcneydeki g\u00fcne\u015f doyumlu da\u011f, beyaz doru\u011fuyla do\u011fruca yerden biterek, i\u00e7imizden birinin belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck yol tutan \u00e7evresiyle, yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru gitgide sivrilmekteydi. Ger\u00e7ekten de, gen\u00e7 da\u011flar aras\u0131nda bulunan ya\u015fl\u0131 bir da\u011fd\u0131. Aramanyak, bu derin vadiye yerle\u015fti ve ovan\u0131n kuzey k\u0131sm\u0131 ile da\u011f\u0131n o y\u00fcz\u00fcndeki eteklerini mamur etti ve da\u011f\u0131 kendi ismine uygun olarak Aragads, yerle\u015fimi ise Aragads\u2019\u0131n ete\u011fi anlam\u0131nda Votn Aragadso<\/i> adland\u0131rd\u0131\u201d[15]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu tan\u0131mlamadan, Aramanyak\u2019\u0131n yerle\u015fti\u011fi m\u0131nt\u0131kan\u0131n, Ararat Ovas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyinde, Ararat\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan Aragads Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney al\u00e7alt\u0131lar\u0131nda, Araks Nehri\u2019nin (Aras) sol k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu belli olmaktad\u0131r. Araks ismi ge\u00e7memesine ra\u011fmen, co\u011frafi konumun analizi ve nehrin \u00e7a\u011flayarak (Khorenatsi) ve ta\u015fk\u0131n bir \u015fekilde (Sebeos) betimlenilmesi ve nehrin da\u011flar\u0131n aras\u0131nda bulunan ovadan ge\u00e7ti\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, b\u00f6lgedeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck nehri olan Araks\u2019tan bahsedildi\u011fi belli olmaktad\u0131r. Sebeos\u2019un anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131na istinaden, g\u00fcneyden kuzeye y\u00f6nelen Aramanyak, nehri ge\u00e7er. \u201cAramanyak akabinde daha kuzeye gitti ve y\u00fcksek da\u011flar\u0131n aras\u0131nda bulunan, ortas\u0131ndan \u00e7a\u011flayan bir nehrin akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir vadide konaklad\u0131. Armenak, nehri ge\u00e7erek kar\u015f\u0131 tarafta yerle\u015fti, bu da\u011fl\u0131k ve kayal\u0131k b\u00f6lgeyi, mirastan kendisine d\u00fc\u015fen pay olarak mamur etti\u201d[16]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00fcneyden gelen Aramanyak, nehri (Araks) ge\u00e7erek, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar say\u0131s\u0131z volkanik kayal\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Aragads Da\u011f\u0131 eteklerine ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tarih babas\u0131 (Khorenatsi, Ermenilerin \u201ctarih babas\u0131\u201d olarak an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r-\u00e7ev. notu) da\u011flar\u0131n eteklerinden do\u011farak sessiz sedas\u0131z ovadan akan nehirleri belirtmektedir. Bu b\u00f6lgede Kasakh, \u015ea\u011fvert ve Amberd nehirleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Amberd ve Kasakh\u2019\u0131n kaynaklar\u0131, Aragads\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcney eteklerinden hayli uzakta olup, \u00e7a\u011flayan sular\u0131yla tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n \u015ea\u011fvert Nehri, \u011eazaravan ve Persi (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Bazma\u011fb\u00fcr) k\u00f6yleri yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan da\u011f\u0131n eteklerinden kaynayan tatl\u0131 su p\u0131narlar\u0131ndan beslenmekte olup, nazl\u0131 bir ak\u0131\u015fla O\u015fakan platosuna varana kadar \u201cda\u011fl\u0131k ve kayal\u0131k\u201d bir platodan ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Co\u011frafi konumun bu somut tan\u0131mlamas\u0131yla, Hayk s\u00fclalesinin ilk nesli temsilcisinin buraya yerle\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu takdirde, bu ki\u015finin faaliyetlerinin izlerinin de korunmu\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini varsaymal\u0131y\u0131z. Ger\u00e7ekten de, \u015ea\u011fvert Nehri\u2019nin sol k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki kayal\u0131k platoda Yukar\u0131 Naver ile A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver olarak an\u0131lan geni\u015f g\u00f6m\u00fct alanlar\u0131, bunun biraz kuzeyinde ise tahkimatl\u0131 Bazma\u011fb\u00fcr, Naz\u0131rvan ve Persi yerle\u015fimleri yay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir kalenin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ise \u015ea\u011fvert Nehri\u2019nin k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Belirtilen mezarl\u0131k alanlar\u0131nda, basit insanlara ait y\u00fczlerce mezar aras\u0131nda lider-krallar ve atalara ait devasa mezar h\u00f6y\u00fckleri, boyutlar\u0131 haricinde, kral definlerine has kurbanlar ve zengin mezar arma\u011fanlar\u0131yla da g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r[17]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. B\u00f6ylelikle, yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n mevkile ilgili, bu durumda Hayk ve Bel\u2019in sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 takip eden olaylar ba\u011flam\u0131nda belirttiklerinin, tarihi-co\u011frafi ortamla benze\u015fti\u011fi ve tarih\u00e7ilerin belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re Aramanyak\u2019\u0131n yerle\u015fti\u011fi b\u00f6lgede yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan ata veya lider-kral mezarlar\u0131yla uyu\u015ftu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
<\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n
\"Kelebek<\/a>
Kelebek \u015fekilli alt\u0131n ba\u015f s\u00fcslemesi da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

TAR\u0130H:<\/strong> Bu olaylar\u0131n analiz edilmesi i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli olgulardan biri, tarihin tespit edilmesidir. Yukar\u0131da belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz gibi, kesin zamanbilim hesaplamalar\u0131, Hayk ve Bel\u2019in sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n tahmini tarihini M.\u00d6. 2492 (iki g\u00fcne\u015f periyotu durumunda) veya M.\u00d6. 1032 (bir g\u00fcne\u015f periyotu durumunda) olarak g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ften birinin do\u011fru olmas\u0131 ve epopenin ger\u00e7ek olmas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda, Yukar\u0131 Naver ile A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver\u2019deki atalar\u0131n, lider-krallar\u0131n mezarlar\u0131n\u0131n tarihi, g\u00f6m\u00fclme t\u00f6renleri ve mezarlarda bulunan e\u015fyalar\u0131n tarih-bilimsel rekonstr\u00fcksiyonuna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015ftan belirtmek gerekir ki, bu devasa mezar alan\u0131nda, M.\u00d6. XI.-IX. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan, yani erken demir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan kalan mezarlar kan\u0131tlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar ba\u011flam\u0131nda, bir periyotluk fikri dayanak bulmamaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 tarih ve radyo karbon y\u00f6ntemi verileriyle, bu b\u00f6lgede M.\u00d6. XXII.-XV. y\u00fczy\u0131llara ait 15\u2019in \u00fczerinde mezar bulunmu\u015ftur. M.\u00d6. XXIII.-XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l d\u00f6nemi, iki g\u00fcne\u015f periyotu kabul edildi\u011finde, Hayk s\u00fclalesinden gelenlerin buraya yerle\u015ferek, vefatlar\u0131ndan sonra da kutsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bu b\u00f6lgede g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmalar\u0131yla uygundur. B\u00f6ylelikle, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 tarih analizi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver\u2019de bulunan 4 No.lu mezar, Beden-Alazani erken mezar h\u00f6y\u00fckleriyle zamanda\u015f olup, M.\u00d6. XXV.-XXIII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarla tarihlendirilmektedir[18]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver mezar alan\u0131n\u0131n 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 ve 9 No.lu mezarlar\u0131ndan bulunan odun k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, Almanya ve ABD\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen radyo karbon metoduyla incelenmesi sonucunda, mezarlar\u0131n M.\u00d6. III. biny\u0131l\u0131n ikinci ve II. biny\u0131l\u0131n birinci yar\u0131s\u0131na, daha do\u011frusu M.\u00d6. XXIII.-XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131na ait oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir[19]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. Bu mezarlar\u0131n sadece 1-1,5 Km kuzeydo\u011fusundan bulunan Yukar\u0131 Naver mezar alan\u0131n\u0131n \u201cKral Vadisinde\u201d 2011-2012 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen kaz\u0131lar neticesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck mezar h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kaz\u0131s\u0131 sonucunda, krallara ait be\u015f alt\u0131n varak kaplanm\u0131\u015f portrelerin bulunmu\u015f oldu\u011fu dikkate \u015fayand\u0131r (resim 1)<\/em>. <\/span><\/p>\n

\"resim<\/a>
Resim 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bu portrelerde en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar belirtilmi\u015f olup, eski Do\u011fu\u2019nun klasik stiliyle haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Profilden haz\u0131rlanan bu resimler, ortadan yanlara do\u011fru taranm\u0131\u015f ve \u015fakaklardan as\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fclerle nihayet bulan dalgal\u0131 sa\u00e7l\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck, badem g\u00f6zl\u00fc, d\u00fczg\u00fcn burunlu, kal\u0131n dudakl\u0131, s\u0131k ve dalgal\u0131 taranm\u0131\u015f sakall\u0131, egemen y\u00fcz hatlar\u0131na sahip erkekleri temsil etmektedir. Stil a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan benzerliklere ra\u011fmen, portrelerden her biri bireysel olup, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtimalle tarihi ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fileri konu alan kendine has \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir. \u0130\u00e7lerinden b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kenarlar\u0131, hayat a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n iki yan\u0131nda oturan yabani ko\u00e7lar\u0131n tekrarlanan kabartmalar\u0131yla \u00e7evrelenmi\u015ftir. Hem tematik, hem de stil \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re bu resim kabartmalar\u0131n\u0131n tek benzerleri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar sadece eski \u0130ran\u2019daki, Elam\u2019\u0131n orta krall\u0131k d\u00f6nemine ait buluntulard\u0131r[20]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. Ermenistan ve Elam\u2019daki buluntular\u0131n ortak \u00f6zellikleri, kabartma resimlerin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131ndaki genel prensipler haricinde, ko\u00e7lar\u0131n ve hayat a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n ortak resimleriyle de belirgindir. Yukar\u0131 Naver\u2019deki buluntular, \u00f6n Asya arkeolojisi kapsam\u0131nda, el s\u00fcr\u00fclmemi\u015f mezarda, in situ<\/i> \u015fekliyle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f tek \u00f6rnektir. \u00d6n Asya\u2019n\u0131n en eski r\u00f6lyefleriyle yap\u0131lan bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma, kral tac\u0131n\u0131n, bu g\u00f6steri\u015fli resim kabartmalar\u0131yla s\u00fcslenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kan\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 uyand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Mezar\u0131n devasa \u00e7aplar\u0131, an\u0131tsall\u0131\u011f\u0131, sava\u015f arabas\u0131, \u015fahsi m\u00fch\u00fcr, G\u00fcney Mezopotamya, Babil, Suriye, \u00c7in gibi \u00fclkelerden ithal edilmi\u015f e\u015fyalar ve \u00f6zellikle tac\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, burada, \u0130ndogerman t\u00f6renlere has yak\u0131lan bir kral cenazesinin defnedildi\u011fi konusunda \u015f\u00fcphe b\u0131rakmamaktad\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, kaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z sayesinde ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan mezarlar\u0131n, Hayk\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu Aramanyak ve haleflerinin topraklar\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n haricinde, erken Hayk s\u00fclalesi d\u00f6nemine ait oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u015eimdi de, mezarlarda bulunan silah \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin, yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklarda belirtilen verilere uyup uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunu ele alal\u0131m.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"A\u015fa\u011f\u0131<\/a>
Resim 2. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver\u2019in 3No.lu kral mezar\u0131. Bronz d\u00fcrt\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

S\u0130LAHLAR:<\/strong> Movses Khorenatsi\u2019nin belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re Bel\u2019in iki a\u011fz\u0131 keskin k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 \u201csolunda, iki a\u011fz\u0131 keskin k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7\u201d, m\u0131zra\u011f\u0131 \u201csa\u011f elinde, devasa m\u0131zra\u011f\u0131\u201d, demir mi\u011fferi, s\u0131rt\u0131nda ve g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcnde bak\u0131r levhalar\u0131 ve sol yan\u0131nda bir kalkan\u0131 vard\u0131. Ayn\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, Ermeni yi\u011fitler usta ok\u00e7ular ve d\u00fcrt\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 kullananlar olarak betimlenmektedir, \u201conlar yay ve d\u00fcrt\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 kullanmada ustayd\u0131\u201d. Burada iki a\u011fz\u0131 keskin k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ile d\u00fcrt\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131, ok ile yay ve m\u0131zrak bariz bir \u015fekilde an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Belirtilen t\u00fcm silah \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver\u2019de bulunan lider-kral, ata mezarlar\u0131ndan bulunmu\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtelim. \u015eahane i\u015flenmi\u015f obsidyen ok u\u00e7lar\u0131, bronz d\u00fcrt\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 ve m\u0131zraklar ile iki a\u011fz\u0131 keskin k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7. Bu kay\u0131tlara bakarak, iki a\u011fz\u0131 keskin k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n ve d\u00fcrt\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n iki farkl\u0131 silah olarak kabul edilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu sonucunu \u00e7\u0131kartabiliriz. \u00d6n buluntular sonucunda, \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir silah olan d\u00fcrt\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131, bilim \u00e7evrelerinde Mikene tipi k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk tahminlere g\u00f6re bu silah\u0131n anavatan\u0131 Yunanistan olup, oradan Ermenistan\u2019a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmekteydi[21]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. Lakin son y\u0131llar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, bu silah \u00e7e\u015fidinin anavatan\u0131n\u0131n Ermenistan ve G\u00fcney Kafkasya olup, buradan Mikene\u2019ye ihra\u00e7 edilerek, Mikene krallar\u0131n\u0131n M.\u00d6. XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait mezarlar\u0131nda bulundu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

OK U\u00c7LARI:<\/strong> A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ve Yukar\u0131 Naver haricinde, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n, orta bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na ait di\u011fer mezarlar\u0131nda bulunan \u00e7ok say\u0131da ok ucu, bu silah \u00e7e\u015fidinin M.\u00d6. III.-II. biny\u0131llarda hayli yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. Ari \u0131rklar\u0131n\u0131n inanc\u0131nda, K\u015fatrialar\u2019\u0131n m\u00fcthi\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7teki silahlara sahip olduklar\u0131ndan, bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda ise en \u00e7ok oklar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan bahsedilmektedir. Lakin bunlar basit oklar de\u011fildir. K\u015fatrialar, Brahmanlardan mantralar, \u00f6zel dualar almakta, bu sayede de oklar\u0131 tabiat\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7 elde etmekteydi. K\u015fatria, tek bir okla, b\u00fct\u00fcn bir orduyu yok edebilmekteydi[22]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. Hayk\u2019\u0131n, Bel\u2019in devasa ordusuna kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu sava\u015f\u0131 tek bir ok at\u0131\u015f\u0131yla nihayetlendirmesi ve imparator diktat\u00f6rle birlikte ordusunu da yok etmi\u015f olmas\u0131, tesad\u00fcf\u00fc bir rastlant\u0131 olabilir mi? Bu anlat\u0131, belirtilen Ari fikri temelinde \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir hik\u00e2ye olabilir mi?<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Yukar\u0131<\/a>
Resim 3. Yukar\u0131 Naver\u2019in IB kral mezar\u0131. Obsidyen ve akikten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 62 ok ucu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Yukar\u0131 Naver\u2019in IB mezar h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7akmakta\u015f\u0131 ile \u015feffaf ve duman rengi obsidyenden haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olan, 0,5-0,7 gram a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 62 ok ucu[23]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> bulunmu\u015ftur (resim 3). Bu ok u\u00e7lar\u0131 hayret edilecek derecede sivri, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri son derece uyumlu, b\u00fcy\u00fck ustal\u0131kla haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olup, sava\u015f arabas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 sadaklarda bulunmaktayd\u0131. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na bakarak, yak\u0131ndaki bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 tahmin edebiliriz. Sava\u015f arabas\u0131nda bulunan yi\u011fidin, d\u00fc\u015fman saflar\u0131na dal\u0131p, oklar\u0131n\u0131 dolu gibi ya\u011fd\u0131rarak, rakip tarafa \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zayiat vermi\u015f olup, yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 panikle sava\u015f\u0131n gidi\u015fat\u0131na y\u00f6n verdi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Hayk\u2019\u0131n da sokularak, yak\u0131n mesafeden Bel\u2019i vurmu\u015f olmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Yukar\u0131 Naver\u2019in ayn\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fck Mezar H\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn alt\u0131ndaki IA mezar\u0131ndan bulunan bir kupan\u0131n \u00fczerinde, enine \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131ra halinde oklar i\u015flenmi\u015ftir (resim 3). Bu ender bulunan kap da, antik Ermenistan\u2019da oklara y\u00f6nelik \u00f6zel ilgiyi kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

DEM\u0130R S\u0130LAHLAR: Bel, demir mi\u011ffer ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131 \u201cve demirden mi\u011ffere sahipti\u201d. Arkeolojik verilere istinaden, demirin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na M.\u00d6. XII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, bu kay\u0131t, ilk bak\u0131\u015fta, Hayk ve Bel\u2019in sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 M.\u00d6. XXV. y\u00fczy\u0131lla tarihlendirmekle \u00e7eli\u015fir gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckmektedir. Lakin son arkeolojik bulgular, demirin M.\u00d6. III. biny\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, M.\u00d6. II biny\u0131l\u0131n II. yar\u0131s\u0131yla tarihlendirilen, Dorak ve Alaca H\u00f6y\u00fck mezarlar\u0131ndan demir kamalar bulunmu\u015ftur. M.\u00d6. XXIII.-XXII. y\u00fczy\u0131llara ait A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver\u2019in 1 No.lu mezar\u0131nda demir dizginler, Yukar\u0131 Naver\u2019in M.\u00d6. XVI.-XV. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait IB kral mezar\u0131nda orak \u015feklinde bir silah vs. bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Ermenistan\u2019da<\/a>
Resim 4. Ermenistan\u2019da bulunan bronz d\u00fcrt\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ge\u00e7 bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na ait di\u011fer mezarlar\u0131nda da demir silahlar ve aletler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada sunulan kan\u0131tlar demirin, M.\u00d6. III. biny\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131 ile II. biny\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda geni\u015f yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa sahip olmamakla birlikte, bilindi\u011fi, alt\u0131ndan dahi pahal\u0131 kabul edildi\u011fi ve sadece g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc krallar\u0131n ve elitlerin demir silahlara sahip olabildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Vanadzor<\/a>
Resim 5. Vanadzor b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan kral mezar\u0131. Aslan kabartmal\u0131 alt\u0131n kupa.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

S\u00dcVAR\u0130LER:<\/strong> Kan\u0131m\u0131zca, Hayk ve Bel\u2019in sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden bir de\u011fil, iki g\u00fcne\u015f periyodunun ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011fu, Movses Khorenatsi\u2019nin \u201cErmenilerin Tarihi\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtece\u011fimiz b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle uyu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Khorenatsi, Bel\u2019in Ermenistan\u2019a ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ak\u0131n\u0131 betimleyerek \u201cbu durumda Titanlar\u0131n s\u00fclalesinden Bel ordu toplar ve ona kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir piyade ordusuyla<\/b>\u2026\u201d,- diye belirtmektedir. Tarih babas\u0131, verilerinin \u00f6nemini hisseder gibi, ordunun piyade oldu\u011funu \u00f6zellikle belirtmektedir. \u0130mparator Bel de piyade olmu\u015ftur. Khorenatsi\u2019nin yazd\u0131klar\u0131ndan, Bel\u2019in ordusunun s\u00fcvarilere sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna varmaktay\u0131z. Bu durum, belirtilen olaylar\u0131n d\u00f6neminde atlar\u0131n Mezopotamya\u2019da hen\u00fcz ehlile\u015ftirilmemi\u015f veya en az\u0131ndan askeri niyetlerle kullan\u0131lmamakta oldu\u011fu sonucunu \u00e7\u0131kartabiliriz. Sava\u015fan taraflardan hi\u00e7biri sava\u015f arabalar\u0131 ve s\u00fcvarilere sahip olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00e2lbuki bir g\u00fcne\u015f periyoduna denk d\u00fc\u015fen M.\u00d6. 1032 y\u0131l\u0131nda, sava\u015f arabalar\u0131 ve s\u00fcvariler Eski Do\u011fu\u2019da geni\u015f \u00e7apta yayg\u0131n olup, t\u00fcm \u00f6nemli askeri operasyonlar onlar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla yerine getirilmekte, krallar ise, M.\u00d6. II. biny\u0131l ortalar\u0131na ait elit tabaka mezarlar\u0131ndan bulunan sava\u015f arabalar\u0131 ve bronz gemlerin kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, sava\u015f arabalar\u0131yla sava\u015f alan\u0131na gitmekteydi. Sebeos\u2019un tarihinde, zaferden sonra ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f olan ganimetlerin aras\u0131nda atlardan bahsedilmesi, kan\u0131m\u0131zca, ya sonradan eklenmi\u015f, ya da ikmal birliklerinde, atlar\u0131n di\u011fer hayvanlarla birlikte nakliye hayvan\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/span><\/p>\n

\"A\u015fa\u011f\u0131<\/a>
Resim 6. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver kral mezarlar\u0131 (M.\u00d6. XXIV.-XX. yy.).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

MEZAR H\u00d6Y\u00dcKLER\u0130:<\/strong> \u201cHayk, Bel\u2019in cesur sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131yla birlikte d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tepeyi Gerezmank (mezarlar-\u00e7ev. notu) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131r, bu yer h\u00e2l\u00e2 Gerezmanak olarak an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bel\u2019in cesedinin ise, ila\u00e7larla mumyalan\u0131p Hark\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclerek, kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek y\u00fcksek bir yerde g\u00f6m\u00fclmesini emreder\u201d. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmden anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, Yukar\u0131 ve A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver mezar alanlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, Hayk d\u00f6neminde de g\u00f6m\u00fct yerlerinin \u201cgerezmanner\u201d (mezarl\u0131klar-\u00e7ev. notu) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r[24]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>. Bu ba\u015fl\u0131ktan, Hayk\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u00f6l\u00fclerin i\u015flemden ge\u00e7irilerek, g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan yerlerde g\u00f6m\u00fclmesi al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n var oldu\u011fu belli olmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Y\u0130\u011e\u0130TLER\u0130N SAYISI:<\/strong> Eski d\u00fcnyada yayg\u0131n sembolik bir say\u0131 vard\u0131r ve liderler veya kahramanlar\u0131n \u00f6nderlik etti\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz yi\u011fit, say\u0131ca \u00fcst\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015fman ordular\u0131n\u0131 yener. Bunlardan en eskisi, Hayk ve Bel sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n betimlenilmesinde belirtilen ve Hayk\u2019\u0131n, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan s\u00fclalesiyle, cihangir Bel\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanmas\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fidir, \u201cHayk, ona itaat etmek istemedi\u011finden dolay\u0131, o\u011flu Aramanyak\u2019\u0131n Babil\u2019de do\u011fmas\u0131ndan sonra, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc insanlar olan ve hizmetk\u00e2rlar\u0131yla birlikte \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz ki\u015fi tutan o\u011fullar\u0131, k\u0131zlar\u0131 ve o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131 ile kuzeyde bulunan Ararad \u00fclkesine g\u00f6\u00e7 eder\u201d[25]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Yukar\u0131<\/a>
Resim 7. Yukar\u0131 Naver\u2019in IA mezar\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Asur-Babil \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n bize sundu\u011fu kaynaklar\u0131 temel alan[26]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> H.A. Martirosyan, \u201cKuzey Mezopotamya, Van ve Kaputan (Urmia) g\u00f6lleri \u00e7evresinde ya\u015fayan Hurri-Urartu klan \u00f6nderleri ile \u201ckraliyet haneleri\u201d (aileleri-H.S.) \u00fcyelerinin say\u0131s\u0131 120-260\u2019a ula\u015fmaktayd\u0131\u201d,- demektedir. Khorenatsi, bu veriyle, bir babadan do\u011fan yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7-d\u00f6rt neslini, e\u015fleri, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, hatta bazen yabanc\u0131 ki\u015filerle birlikte, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ataerkil aile cemaatinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r[27]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u201cBu durumda, ak\u0131ll\u0131 ve temkinli, dalgal\u0131 sa\u00e7l\u0131, parlayan g\u00f6zl\u00fc yi\u011fit, hepsi de cesur ve ok\u00e7u, fakat say\u0131ca \u00e7ok az olan o\u011fullar\u0131 ve torunlar\u0131 ile (belirtilene g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz ki\u015fi-H.S.) elinin alt\u0131nda bulunan di\u011fer insanlar\u0131 aceleyle toplar\u201d[28]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Kara\u015famb<\/a>
Resim 8. Kara\u015famb b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan kral mezar\u0131. En eski menk\u0131belerden birinin resmedildi\u011fi 6 friz i\u015flemeli g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f (Elektrium) kupa.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130brahim, milletlerin kral\u0131 Targa\u011f\u2019\u0131 ve m\u00fcttefiklerini 318 ki\u015fiyle yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131r \u201c\u0130brahim, kuzeni \u011eovt\u2019un esir al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendi\u011finde, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz on sekiz \u201c\u0131ndodsinlerini\u201d (aile i\u00e7inde do\u011fan hizmetk\u00e2rlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 \u201c\u0131ndodsin\u201d-i\u00e7do\u011fan olarak an\u0131l\u0131p, ailenin bir ferdi olarak kabul edilmekteydi-\u00e7ev. notu) toplad\u0131, kendisi ve hizmetk\u00e2rlar\u0131 gece vakti onlara sald\u0131rd\u0131 ve \u015eam\u2019\u0131n sol taraf\u0131nda bulunan Koba\u011f\u2019a kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u201d[29]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gedeon da Mediamal\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131z ordusunu \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz ki\u015fiyle yener \u201cSuyu i\u00e7en \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz ki\u015fiyle sizi kurtaracak ve Mediamal\u0131lar\u0131 senin eline teslim edece\u011fim, t\u00fcm bu halk ise, herkes kendi yerine gitsin\u201d[30]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu anlat\u0131lanlarda, galip taraf\u0131n insanlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131, ger\u00e7ek olmaktan uzakt\u0131r. Eski Do\u011fu metinlerine istinaden, M.\u00d6. III. biny\u0131llardan itibaren, binlerce profesyonel askerlerden olu\u015fan ve krala hizmet eden s\u00fcrekli ordu birlikleri olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftu. Cihangir Bel\u2019in on binlerce say\u0131lan ordusuna 300 askerle kar\u015f\u0131 koymak, en az\u0131ndan maceraperestlik olarak telakki edilebilir. Bu muharebede, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n birka\u00e7 kez \u00fcst\u00fcn kuvvetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir askeri g\u00fc\u00e7le kar\u015f\u0131 koyma olgusu kesin olmakla birlikte, benzer k\u0131yas kald\u0131rmayan yakla\u015f\u0131m, daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerin kahramanla\u015ft\u0131rma yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n neticesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Yukar\u0131<\/a>
Resim 9. Yukar\u0131 Naver\u2019in IB kral mezar\u0131. Yabani ko\u00e7 ve hayat a\u011fac\u0131 resimli omuz kemeri bro\u015fu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

HARP SANATI:<\/strong> D\u00fc\u015fman kral\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclerek, sava\u015f\u0131n sonucunun tayin edildi\u011fi veriler, tarih biliminde s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu olaylardan hayli sonra meydana gelen Gavgamela Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Dareh\u2019in korkarak ka\u00e7mas\u0131 ve bunun sonucunda olu\u015fan panik ortam\u0131 nedeniyle, \u00fcst\u00fcn \u0130ran kuvvetlerinin yenilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlayabiliriz. Ermenilerin atas\u0131 da, Bel\u2019i \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyi planlayarak, tam da buna niyetlenmi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ermeni birli\u011finin sald\u0131r\u0131 formasyonu son derece dikkat \u00e7ekici olup, \u201c\u00fc\u00e7gen\u201d d\u00fczeni kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n en eski kayd\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil etmektedir \u201cVe Titanlar soyundan geleni, iyi silahlanm\u0131\u015f, sa\u011f\u0131nda ve solunda bulunan se\u00e7kin askerlerle birlikte g\u00f6ren Hayk, ok ve k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 kullanmakta usta olan Aramanyak\u2019\u0131, iki karde\u015fleriyle birlikte sa\u011f\u0131na, Kadmos\u2019u di\u011fer iki o\u011fluyla birlikte soluna yerle\u015ftirdi. Kendisi en \u00f6nde durdu ve kalanlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7gen bi\u00e7iminde kendi arkas\u0131na yerle\u015ftirdi ve sakin bir \u015fekilde ilerledi\u201d[31]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7gen \u015feklinde dizili Ermeni birli\u011finin sakin ilerleyi\u015finin, ilk bak\u0131\u015fta \u00f6nemsiz gibi duran tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 da, bu d\u00fczeni kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. H\u00e2lbuki h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f veya ko\u015fu durumunda, birli\u011fin kati \u00fc\u00e7gen yap\u0131s\u0131 bozularak, sald\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kaybedece\u011fi a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"A\u015fa\u011f\u0131<\/a>
Resim 10. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver\u2019de bulunan 1 No.lu kral mezar\u0131. Alt\u0131n boncuklu ve akik tak\u0131l\u0131 gerdanl\u0131k.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

An\u0131nda ve do\u011fru karar verme ile zaman\u0131nda i\u015fleme sokma becerisi, Hayk\u2019\u0131n zaferini garantiler. Ger\u00e7ekten de, anlat\u0131da her \u015fey son derece ger\u00e7ek olarak takdim edilmektedir. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Hayk, Ho\u015fap muharebesinden \u00f6nceki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan birinde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frayarak, esir d\u00fc\u015fmemek i\u00e7in ricat eder \u201cHayk, kral Bel\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015ft\u0131, fakat iyi silahl\u0131 devasa insan kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koyamad\u0131. Hayk, orada Bel\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015ft\u0131, Bel, onu yakalamak, eline ge\u00e7irmek istedi. Hayk elinden kurtuldu ve ka\u00e7t\u0131. Bel, ordusuyla birlikte inatla onu takip etti\u201d[32]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Efsanelerde kahramanlar sadece komplo, aldatma veya ihanet durumunda ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olur. A\u00e7\u0131k \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olma ve d\u00fc\u015fmandan ka\u00e7ma yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, kahramanl\u0131k efsanelerine uygun de\u011fildir. Bu durum sadece ger\u00e7ek anlat\u0131mlara uygundur. Nihai sava\u015f da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir \u015fekilde tasvir edilmektedir. Bir \u00f6nceki galibiyetinden \u015fevk alan d\u00fc\u015fman, say\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00fcvenerek vahim bir hata yapar. Bel, dikkatsiz bir \u015fekilde as\u0131l ordudan ayr\u0131larak, se\u00e7kin, fakat k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck say\u0131da bir birlikle sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7er. Kral\u0131n, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 \u015fahsen yenip, cesaret ve g\u00fc\u00e7 sergileyerek, t\u00fcm alanlarda oldu\u011fu gibi, sava\u015fta da benzersiz oldu\u011funu ispat etmesi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, eski Do\u011fu\u2019da yayg\u0131n normlardand\u0131. Eski Do\u011fu\u2019nun say\u0131s\u0131z kaynaklar\u0131ndan, en iyi sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olarak kabul edilen kral\u0131n, say\u0131s\u0131z d\u00fc\u015fman askerini yenerek, sava\u015f\u0131n sonucunu tek ba\u015f\u0131na tayin etmesini g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Askeri devasa \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n var oldu\u011fu bu durumda, sava\u015f\u0131n sonucu da \u00e7oktan tayin edilmi\u015f gibi olup, Ermenilerin deh\u015fet i\u00e7inde ka\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n lideri, zafer tak\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u015fahsen elde ederek, uyruklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda otoritesini artt\u0131rmak arzusundayd\u0131. Bel\u2019in, as\u0131l g\u00fc\u00e7lerin yeti\u015fmesini beklemeden sava\u015fa ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve ikinci vahim hata olarak, tahkim edilmi\u015f tepeden inmek \u015feklindeki dikkatsiz yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Lakin bekledi\u011finin aksine, Ermenilerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck birli\u011fi pani\u011fe kap\u0131l\u0131p, ka\u00e7mak bir yana, sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7er. Yak\u0131n d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcnden deh\u015fete d\u00fc\u015fen Bel, geri \u00e7ekilerek, as\u0131l g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ula\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7mek niyetiyle tepede mevzilenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ermenilerin zeki atas\u0131 bu an\u0131 fark ederek, elden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde yenilginin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olaca\u011f\u0131 bilinciyle, sava\u015f\u0131 kazanma konusundaki tek f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirir. Cesaretle ileri at\u0131l\u0131r ve geri \u00e7ekilen d\u00fc\u015fman kral\u0131n\u0131 okuyla vurur. Ve b\u00f6ylece sava\u015f\u0131n sonucu belli olur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sava\u015f esnas\u0131nda taraflardan birinin kral\u0131 veya ordu komutan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sonucunda \u00e7\u0131kan panik ve yenilgilerle ilgili, eski d\u00f6nemlerden kalma \u00e7ok say\u0131da veri bulunmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131saca, sava\u015fan taraflardan birinin kral\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, o d\u00f6nemde, t\u00fcm askeri faaliyetlerin sonu ve nihai yenilgi olarak kabul edilmekteydi. Ordu, kral\u0131n emriyle, kral i\u00e7in sava\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Ba\u015fs\u0131z ordu ya ka\u00e7ar, ya da galip tarafa itaat ederdi. Ermenilerin cesur atas\u0131, bunun bilincinde olarak, tek bir ok at\u0131\u015f\u0131yla sava\u015f\u0131n sonucuna h\u00fckmeder. Betimlenen olaylar, tarihsel olduklar\u0131 konusunda \u015f\u00fcphe duyma veya tart\u0131\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131 vermeye mahal vermeyecek kadar ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olup, destans\u0131 olmaktan uzakt\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Hayk ve Bel\u2019in destan\u0131 efsane olmay\u0131p, bir halk hik\u00e2yesi veya eski ger\u00e7ek anlat\u0131md\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hayk\u2019\u0131n nesillerinin Aragadsotn B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ne yerle\u015fimi, arkeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve sahra incelemeleri sonucunda kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131 Naver ve A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver mezar alanlar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck mezarlar, lider-krallara ait olup, kronolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan Hayk\u2019tan hemen sonraki d\u00f6nemle, b\u00f6lge olarak da Hayk s\u00fclalesinden Aramanyak\u2019\u0131n yerle\u015fti\u011fi mevkiyle uyu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131 Naver mezar alan\u0131n\u0131n, \u201cKral Vadisinde\u201d bulunan en b\u00fcy\u00fck mezar\u0131n kaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bize sundu\u011fu, alt\u0131n varak kaplanm\u0131\u015f kabartma be\u015f kral resmi, stil a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan eski \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n Elam \u015fehrinden bulunan kahraman-krallar\u0131n maskelerine son derece benzemektedir[33]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kral\u0131n cesedinin yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, insan ve hayvanlar\u0131n (atlar da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere) kurban edilmesi, Akat, Babil, Nemrut Da\u011f\u0131 ve \u00c7in\u2019den ithal edilen e\u015fyalar\u0131n, akik, grena, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, \u00e7ok renkli camdan haz\u0131rlanan s\u00fcs e\u015fyalar\u0131, at suretli bir akik m\u00fch\u00fcr, demirden silah, \u00e7akmakta\u015f\u0131ndan ve obsidyenden haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f 60\u2019\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde ok ucu, g\u00fcndelik ve t\u00f6rensel g\u00f6steri\u015fli kazanlar, iki atl\u0131 bir sava\u015f arabas\u0131n\u0131n bronz par\u00e7alar\u0131, arabay\u0131 s\u00fcsleyen y\u00fczlerce \u00e7ivi, bir ku\u015f heykeli, 2 gem, 2 dizgin halkas\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu mezarlar\u0131n krala ait oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu ise, bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131nda bir krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n var oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n

[1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Movses Khorenatsi<\/b>, 1991, \u201cErmenilerin Tarihi\u201d, Ermenistan SSC Bilimler Akademisi (BA) yay., Yerevan, X. ve XI b\u00f6l\u00fcm; Episkopos Sebios\u2019un Tarihi<\/b>, 1990, Antilias-L\u00fcbnan, I. b\u00f6l\u00fcm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Harutyunyan Babken, 2012. Hayk ve Bel\u2019in tarihi, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillenmesi, \u0130<\/span>><\/span>Y ses de\u011fi\u015fimi ve birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 konularla ilgili. \u201cHaykazunlar, Efsane ve Tarih\u201d uluslar aras\u0131 bilimsel konferans\u0131n sunumlar\u0131n\u0131n temel unsurlar\u0131. Yerevan, s.22.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Ermeni Halk\u0131n\u0131n Tarihi, Eski\u00e7a\u011f toplumsal ve k\u00f6lelik d\u00fczeni d\u00f6neminde Ermenistan, I. cilt, 1971. Ermenistan SSC BA yay. Yerevan, s.479.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Mif\u0131y narodov mira, tom 2, 1988, Levinton G. A. Legend\u0131y i mif\u0131y. Entsiklopediya. Moskva, s.45; Vikipedia, 1, s.21-22.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[5]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Vikipedia, 1, s.21-22.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[6]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>A.g.e., s.21.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[7]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Mif\u0131y narodov mira, tom 2, 1988, s.45-46.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[8]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Mif\u0131y narodov mira, tom 2, 1988, Levinton G. A. Legend\u0131y i mif\u0131y. Entsiklopediya. Moskva, s.45, s.332-333.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[9]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Mif\u0131y narodov mira, tom 1, 1987, Toporov V. N. \u0130storiya i mif\u0131y, Entsiklopediya. Moskva, s.573.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[10]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> B.N. Arakelyan<\/b>, 1941, Hayk-Orion, \u201cBelleten\u201d SSCB BA Ermenistan \u015fubesi, Yerevan, say\u0131 8, s.29-30.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[11]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> A. Simonyan, <\/b>2010, Derevneariiskie traditsii v pogrebalnom rituale Armenii epokhi bronzovogo beka \/\/ B kh.: Na puti otkr\u0131tia Tsivilizatsii. Cbornik statei k 80-letiyu B. \u0130. Sarinidi, Trud\u0131y Margianskoi apkheologi\u00e7eskoi ekspeditsii, Sankt-Peterburg, s.621-638.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[12]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u011eevond M. Ali\u015fan\u2019dan, <\/span><\/b>1921, Hayk d\u00f6nemi takvimi ve eski Ermenilerin takvimi. Ermeni vatan\u0131n\u0131n umutlar\u0131: II. Bask\u0131, St. \u011eazar, Venedik, s.72-97.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[13]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Ermeni Halk\u0131 Tarihi, I. cilt, 1971. Eski\u00e7a\u011f toplumsal ve k\u00f6lelik d\u00fczeni d\u00f6neminde Ermenistan. Yerevan, s.480; Sovyet Ermenistan Ansiklopedisi, VI. cilt, 1980, s.166.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Ermeni Halk\u0131 Tarihi, I. cilt, 1971, s.480, Harutyunyan B. 2005. Torkom\u2019un \u00fclkesi ve Haykyanlar, \u201c\u0130ncil Ermenistan\u2019\u0131\u201d, Yerevan, s.128-145. Say\u0131n bilim adam\u0131, di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201cErmeni halk\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekillenmesinde, Hayk\u2019\u0131n torunu Aramayis taraf\u0131ndan M.\u00d6. 1032 tarihinde Armavir \u015fehrinin kurulmas\u0131 ve Ermeni devletinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d,- demektedir, bk. B. Harutyunyan, 2012, s.22. Armavir\u2019in kurulu\u015funu, ayn\u0131 takvim hesaplar\u0131yla M.\u00d6. 1032 y\u0131l\u0131yla tarihlendirmi\u015f oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz. Ayn\u0131 1032 y\u0131l\u0131nda, bir taraftan Hayk ve Bel\u2019in sava\u015f\u0131, di\u011fer taraftan da Armavir\u2019in kurulu\u015fu olarak kabul etmenin ise \u00e7eli\u015fkili oldu\u011funu belirtmek isteriz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Movses Khorenatsi\u2019ye g\u00f6re \u201cAramanyak, uzun y\u0131llar ya\u015fad\u0131ktan sonra Aramayis ad\u0131nda bir o\u011flu oldu ve daha hayli uzun ya\u015fad\u0131ktan sonra \u00f6ld\u00fc. O\u011flu Aramayis, nehir kenar\u0131nda bulunan bir tepeye evini kurdu ve buray\u0131 kendi ad\u0131yla Armavir olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u201d, XII. b\u00f6l\u00fcm. Aramayis\u2019in, ancak y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7tikten sonra kendi ad\u0131yla bir \u015fehir kurabilmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, Hayk ve Bel\u2019in sava\u015f\u0131ndan, Armavir \u015fehrinin kurulu\u015funa kadar on y\u0131llar, en az\u0131ndan 30-40 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sava\u015ftan sonra Hayk\u2019\u0131n \u201cuzun y\u0131llar ya\u015fad\u0131\u201d ve Aramanyak\u2019\u0131n \u201cAramayis ad\u0131nda bir o\u011flu oldu ve daha hayli uzun ya\u015fad\u0131ktan sonra \u00f6ld\u00fc\u201d uzun y\u0131llar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[15]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Movses Khorenatsi<\/b>, 1991, s.38-39.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[16]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Episkopos Sebios\u2019un Tarihi, 1990, I. b\u00f6l\u00fcm, <\/span>s.78.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[17]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Simonyan A.E.<\/span><\/b>, 2004, \u201cTsarskoe\u201d pogrebenie epokhi srednei bronz\u0131y iz mogilnika Nerkin Naver \/\/ Arkheologiya, etnologiya i folkloristika Kavkaza, Tbilisi, s.126-127. Simonyan Hakob<\/b>, 2010, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver\u2019in 4 No.lu mezar\u0131, \u201cHu\u015fardzan\u201d (An\u0131t) y\u0131ll\u0131k, VI. cilt, Yerevan, s.7-20. Simonyan A., <\/b>2010, Drevneariiskie\u2026, s.621-638. Simonyan A.<\/b>, 2011, Tsarskie kurgan\u0131y epokhi srednei bronz\u0131y v Armenii (XXV.-XX. do n. e.) \/\/ Arkheologiya, etnologiya i folkloristika Kavkaza, Tbilisi, s.218-226. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[18]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Simonyan Hakob<\/span><\/b>, 2010, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Naver\u2019in 4 No.lu mezar\u0131, \u201cHu\u015fardzan\u201d (An\u0131t) y\u0131ll\u0131k, VI. cilt, Yerevan, s.7-20.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[19]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Simonyan A. 2010. Drevneariiskie traditsii \u2026, s.621-622.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[20]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Simonyan A<\/b>. E., <\/b>2012, Armeniya i Elam v XV v. do R.Kh. Armavia, Ofitsialn\u0131i bortovoi jurnal. Arkheolog\u0131\u00e7eskie sensatsii Armenii, Erevan, N4, 2010, s.82-84, 86-87.<\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n

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[21]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Martirosyan A.<\/b>, 1964, Armeniya v epokhu bronz\u0131y i rannego jeleza. Yerevan, s.70-71.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[22]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Ar\u00e7i Devi Dasi<\/b>, 2005, \u201cAriler ve bizler\u201d, Yerevan, s.309-310<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[23]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> K\u0131yaslama i\u00e7in, \u00fcnl\u00fc \u201cKala\u015fnikov\u201d otomatik t\u00fcfe\u011fin normal \u015farj\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn sadece 30, makineli t\u00fcfek \u015farj\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ise 45 mermi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtelim.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[24]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Simonyan H.<\/span><\/b>, <\/span>2011, NAV teriminin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda, \u201cDeniz k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, k\u00fclt\u00fcrler diyalogunda insanl\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr\u201d. \u201cAyas\u201d Deniz Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Derne\u011fi\u2019nin 25. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcne adanm\u0131\u015f bilimsel konferans (14-16 May\u0131s 2010) metinleri, Yerevan, s.109-112..<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[25]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Movses Khorenatsi<\/b>, 1991, <\/span>\u0567\u057b<\/span> 32.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[26]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Bk. AV\u0130\u0130U, NN46, 49.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[27]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Ermeni Halk\u0131n\u0131n Tarihi, I. cilt, 1971. Eski\u00e7a\u011f toplumsal ve k\u00f6lelik d\u00fczeni d\u00f6neminde Ermenistan, Yerevan, s.227-228.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[28]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Movses Khorenatsi<\/b>, 1991, s.35.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[29]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> \u0130ncil, Do\u011fu\u015f, 14, Aziz Ecmiadsin, 1994, s.17.A.g.e., s.294.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[30]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> A.g.e., s.294.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[31]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Movses Khorenatsi<\/b>, 1991, s.36.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[32]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Episkopos Sebios\u2019un tarihi<\/b>, 1990, s.77.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[33]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Filozof Marabba M\u0131dsurnatsi\u2019nin kitab\u0131ndan al\u0131nt\u0131 yapan Sebeos\u2019un belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re M\u0131dsbin kral saray\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir ta\u015fta, Ermeni ve Partl\u0131lar\u0131n be\u015f krallar\u0131n\u0131n isimleri ve y\u00f6netim y\u0131llar\u0131 kaydedilmi\u015fti, bk. Episkopos Sebios\u2019un Tarihi<\/b>, 1990, I. b\u00f6l\u00fcm, s.75.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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