{"id":21734,"date":"2013-02-13T03:19:08","date_gmt":"2013-02-13T08:19:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=21734"},"modified":"2013-02-13T03:19:08","modified_gmt":"2013-02-13T08:19:08","slug":"ne-mutlu-turkum-diyene-mi-ne-mutlu-turk-olana-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/02\/13\/ne-mutlu-turkum-diyene-mi-ne-mutlu-turk-olana-mi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ne mutlu ‘T\u00fcrk\u00fcm diyene’ mi? Ne mutlu ‘T\u00fcrk olana’ m\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"AY\u015eE<\/a>AY\u015eE\u00a0H\u00dcR<\/b><\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal, Ekim 1922’de bir grup \u00f6\u011fretmene \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: “\u00dc\u00e7 bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar dini bir cemaat olarak ya\u015f\u0131yorduk… O zamandan beri T\u00fcrk milleti olarak ya\u015f\u0131yoruz.” <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Bana g\u00f6re buram buram \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k kokan \u201cT\u00fcrk ulusuyla K\u00fcrt milliyeti e\u015fit de\u011fil\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle \u2018g\u00fcndeme damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran CHP\u2019li Birg\u00fcl Ayman G\u00fcler, geri ad\u0131m atmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u201cBenim s\u00f6zlerim Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ulus tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131s\u0131\u201d diyerek ikinci bir tart\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flatt\u0131. Ge\u00e7en hafta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yolculu\u011fa kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerden devam edelim ve Ayman\u2019\u0131n bu son iddias\u0131na cevap arayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015eevket S\u00fcreyya\u2019n\u0131n \u2018T\u00fcrk de\u011fil miyiz?\u2019 sorusuna \u201cEsta\u011ffurullah!\u201d diye cevap veren Kafkas Cephesi\u2019ndeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Osmanl\u0131 askerlerini \u2018Ne mutlu T\u00fcrk\u00fcm diyene!\u2019 diye hayk\u0131rtmak \u00e7ok zaman almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu k\u0131sa ve radikal yolun m\u00fchendisi Mustafa Kemal bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famada sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130lk a\u015fama olan \u2018Milli M\u00fccadele\u2019 y\u0131llar\u0131nda (1919-1922) Anadolu\u2019nun ve Rumeli\u2019nin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ahalisini \u2018D\u00fcvel-i Muazzama\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 seferber etmek i\u00e7in \u2018dini\u2019 tan\u0131mlar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin Mustafa Kemal 1 May\u0131s 1920\u2019de BMM\u2019ye hitap ederken Mustafa Kemal \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: \u201cEfendiler, meselenin bir daha tekerr\u00fcr etmemesi ricas\u0131yla bir iki noktay\u0131 arz etmek isterim: Burada maksud olan ve Meclis-i \u00e2linizi te\u015fkil eden zevat yaln\u0131z T\u00fcrk de\u011fildir, yaln\u0131z \u00c7erkez de\u011fildir, yaln\u0131z K\u00fcrd de\u011fildir, yaln\u0131z Laz de\u011fildir. Fakat hepsinden m\u00fcrekkep anas\u0131r-\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2miyedir, samimi bir mecmuad\u0131r…\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00c7BU\u00c7UK YILDA \u2018M\u0130LLET\u2019 OLMAK<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130kinci evrede, \u2018dini\u2019 tan\u0131m yerini yava\u015f yava\u015f \u2018siyasi\u2019 tan\u0131ma b\u0131rakacakt\u0131. \u00d6nce 8 \u015eubat 1921\u2019de B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131na \u2018T\u00fcrkiye\u2019 kelimesi kondu. Mustafa Kemal \u2018siyasi\u2019 bir terim olarak \u2018T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc ilk kez 21 Eyl\u00fcl 1922\u2019de B\u00fcy\u00fck Zafer\u2019e ili\u015fkin beyannamesinde kulland\u0131. Ve Mustafa Kemal, Ekim 1922\u2019de bir grup \u00f6\u011fretmene \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar dini bir cemaat olarak ya\u015f\u0131yorduk\u2026 O zamandan beri T\u00fcrk milleti olarak ya\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk milletinin hangi unsurlar\u0131 kapsamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir ipucunu Mustafa Kemal 16 Mart 1923\u2019te Adana T\u00fcrk Oca\u011f\u0131 Esnaf Cemiyeti\u2019nin \u00e7ay\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada vermi\u015fti: \u201cArkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z s\u00f6ylevlerinde demi\u015flerdir ki, Adanam\u0131za h\u00e2kim olan di\u011fer unsurlar, \u015funlar, bunlar, Ermeniler sanat ocaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015fler ve bu memleketin sahibi gibi bir durum alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u015e\u00fcphesiz haks\u0131zl\u0131k ve k\u00fcstahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bundan fazlas\u0131 olamaz. Ermenilerin bu verimli \u00fclkede hi\u00e7bir hakk\u0131 yoktur. Memleket sizindir, T\u00fcrklerindir. Bu memleket tarihte T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fc, o halde T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr ve sonsuza kadar T\u00fcrk olarak ya\u015fayacakt\u0131r\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

Bu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m, 8 Nisan 1923 tarihinde Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurulu\u015funu m\u00fcjdeleyen Dokuz Umde\u2019deki \u2018T\u00fcrkiye Halk\u0131\u2019 ile dengelenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ysa da, 24 Temmuz 1923\u2019te Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131ndan sonra, Milli M\u00fccadele ittifaklar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcren ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

1924 ANAYASASI\u2019NIN VATANDA\u015eLIK TANIMI<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin 1924 Anayasas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde Hamdullah Suphi (Tanr\u0131\u00f6ver) T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin hars\u0131n\u0131 (dilini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc) benimseyene kadar Ermenilerin, Rumlar\u0131n ve Yahudilerin \u2018T\u00fcrk milletinin par\u00e7as\u0131\u2019 say\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtirken, Celal Nuri (\u0130leri) \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ger\u00e7ek vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n\u201d \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan Hanefi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u201d oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Sonunda, vatanda\u015fl\u0131k tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapan 88. Madde \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de din ve \u0131rk ay\u0131rdedilmeksizin vatanda\u015fl\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan herkese \u2018T\u00fcrk\u2019 denir\u201d \u015feklinde form\u00fcle edilirken, 12. Madde ile \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7e okuyup yazmak bilmeyenler milletvekili se\u00e7ilemezler\u201d denilerek, K\u00fcrtler ve gayrim\u00fcslim az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n yolu kesiliyordu.<\/p>\n

Muhtemelen bu d\u0131\u015flamaya bir tepki olan \u015eeyh Said \u0130syan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Ba\u015fvekil \u0130smet Pa\u015fa, 27 Nisan 1925 tarihli Vakit gazetesinde yay\u0131mlanan beyanat\u0131nda rejimin \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta \u0131srarl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan ediyordu: \u201cMilliyet tek birle\u015ftiricimizdir. Di\u011fer unsurlar T\u00fcrk \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda etkileme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip de\u011fildir. Vazifemiz T\u00fcrk vatan\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunanlar\u0131 derhal T\u00fcrk yapmakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrklere ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe muhalefet edecek unsurlar\u0131 kesip ataca\u011f\u0131z. Vatana hizmet edeceklerde arayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z nitelikler her \u015feyden evvel o adam\u0131n T\u00fcrk ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc olmas\u0131d\u0131r\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

IRK ISLAHI MEDEN\u0130YET MESELES\u0130D\u0130R!<\/b><\/p>\n

Bir s\u00fcredir Gobineau ve Pittard gibi \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin eserlerini b\u00fcy\u00fck bir dikkatle inceledi\u011fi bilinen Mustafa Kemal\u2019in direktifleri do\u011frultusunda 1925\u2019te kurulan T\u00fcrk Antropoloji Tetkikat Merkezi\u2019nin ilk i\u015fleri aras\u0131nda \u2018Karacaahmet Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan toplanan kafataslar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019 ile \u2018T\u00fcrk, Ermeni, Rum ve Musevi gibi farkl\u0131 \u0131rki k\u00f6kenlere sahip \u00e7ocuklar \u00fczerine\u2019 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapmak vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

30 Eyl\u00fcl 1926\u2019da, \u00c7ankaya\u2019daki Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00f6\u015fk\u00fc\u2019nde, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130dman Cemiyetleri \u0130ttifak\u0131 Kongresi ad\u0131na gelen heyete \u201cBu kadar m\u00fchim olan spor hayat\u0131, bizim i\u00e7in daha m\u00fchimdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0131rk meselesidir. Irk\u0131n \u0131slah (iyile\u015ftirilme) ve k\u00fc\u015fayi\u015fi (ferahl\u0131\u011f\u0131) meselesidir. Ist\u0131fas\u0131 (ay\u0131klanmas\u0131) meselesidir ve hatta biraz medeniyet meselesidir…\u201d diyen Mustafa Kemal, 20 Ekim 1927 tarihli Gen\u00e7li\u011fe Hitabesi\u2019nde ise \u201cEy T\u00fcrk genci, muhta\u00e7 oldu\u011fun kudret, damarlar\u0131ndaki asil kanda mevcuttur!\u201d diyerek \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 metaforik bir forma sokmu\u015ftu. Ertesi y\u0131l, \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencileri eliyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u2018Vatanda\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015f!\u2019 kampanyas\u0131 ile \u2018T\u00fcrk ulus-devletine T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 yeti\u015ftirme\u2019 i\u015fine h\u0131z verildi.<\/p>\n

MAHMUT ESAT BOZKURT\u2019UN \u0130NC\u0130LER\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n

1927\u2019den beri kademeli olarak devam eden A\u011fr\u0131 K\u00fcrt \u0130syan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kanl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin Adliye Vekili Mahmut Esat (Bozkurt) Bey\u2019in 1 Eyl\u00fcl 1930\u2019da Ak\u015fam gazetesinde boy g\u00f6steren \u015fu ifadeler, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u2018T\u00fcrkler\u2019 i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131mlar\u0131n adeta bir kopyas\u0131yd\u0131: \u201c[K\u00fcrtler] Hayatlar\u0131nda ac\u0131man\u0131n manas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmemi\u015flerdir. Hunhar, at\u0131lgan, vah\u015fi ve y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131rlar. \u00c7ok al\u00e7akt\u0131rlar. Yakalad\u0131klar\u0131 takdirde sizi bir kur\u015funla \u00f6ld\u00fcrmezler. G\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc oyarlar, burnunuzu keserler, t\u0131rnaklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 s\u00f6kerler ve \u00f6yle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrler! (…) Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 da kendileri gibi imi\u015f…\u201d<\/p>\n

Mahmut Esat Bey\u2019in en \u00e7ok bilinen vecizesi ise 18 Eyl\u00fcl 1930\u2019da \u00d6demi\u015f Yaylas\u0131\u2019nda irat etti\u011fi \u201cBenim fikrim, kanaatim \u015fudur ki, bu memleketin kendisi T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr. \u00d6z T\u00fcrk olmayanlar\u0131n T\u00fcrk vatan\u0131nda bir hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r, o da hizmet\u00e7i olmak, k\u00f6le olmakt\u0131r\u201d nutku olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

ALP\u0130N IRKIN \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyadaki b\u00fct\u00fcn medeniyetlerin T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu\u011funu iddia eden T\u00fcrk Tarih Tezi\u2019nin tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 2-11 Temmuz 1932 tarihli Birinci Tarih Kongresi\u2019nde \u2018\u00fcst\u00fcn T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131\u2019 Re\u015fit Galip taraf\u0131ndan \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mland\u0131: \u201cUzun boylu, beyaz simal\u0131, d\u00fcz veya kemerli ince burunlu, muntazam dudakl\u0131, \u00e7ok kere mavi g\u00f6zl\u00fc ve g\u00f6z kapaklar\u0131 \u00e7ekik olarak de\u011fil ufk\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131lan \u2018Alpin \u0131rk\u0131\u2019 (…) A grubu kan gibi uzvi (organik) \u00f6zellikleri; medeniyet, kahramanl\u0131k, sanat yetene\u011fi gibi i\u00e7timai (sosyal) \u00f6zellikleriyle tan\u0131n\u0131r.\u201d Kongreye sar\u0131\u015f\u0131n bir k\u00f6yl\u00fc kar\u0131-koca ile yavrular\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rnekleri olarak sunan Antropolog Prof. \u015eevket Aziz (Kansu) Bey, Gazi\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fcp kendisini bu \u2018m\u00fctek\u00e2mil\u2019 (geli\u015fmi\u015f) \u0131rk\u0131n \u00f6nderi olarak selamlam\u0131\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fck alk\u0131\u015f toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

1933 y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131nda Maarif Vekili Re\u015fit Galip\u2019in Mustafa Kemal\u2019e arma\u011fan etti\u011fi kitaplardan birini g\u00fcya \u2018rasgele a\u00e7\u0131p\u2019 okudu\u011fu paragraf \u015f\u00f6yleydi: \u201cKafas\u0131n\u0131 ve vicdan\u0131n\u0131, en son terakki \u015fuleleriyle g\u00fcne\u015flendirme\u011fe karar vermi\u015f olan bug\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 biliyor ve bildirecektir ki onlar d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz \u00e7ad\u0131rl\u0131 bir a\u015firetten de\u011fil, onbinlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k ari, medeni, y\u00fcksek bir \u0131rktan gelen, y\u00fcksek kabiliyetli bir millettir.\u201d (S\u00fcrekli alk\u0131\u015flar.) Afet \u0130nan\u2019\u0131n belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re bu s\u00f6zleri bizzat Mustafa Kemal yazd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

1933, \u00fcniversite gen\u00e7lerinin 5 y\u0131l aradan sonra \u201cVatanda\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015f!\u201d hayk\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla toplumun gayri-T\u00fcrk unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden ter\u00f6rize etti\u011fi y\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130SK\u00c2N KANUNU\u2019NUN IRK\u00c7I D\u0130L\u0130<\/b><\/p>\n

Hem \u2018K\u00fcrt Meselesi\u2019ni halletmek hem de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye dalgalar halinde gelen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman muhacirlerin isk\u00e2n sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in 1934 Haziran\u0131\u2019nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan \u0130sk\u00e2n Kanunu ile T\u00fcrkiye \u2018soy\u2019, \u2018\u0131rk\u2019, \u2018hars\u2019 gibi terimler kullan\u0131larak \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6lgeye ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Kanunun diliyle \u201c1 numaral\u0131 m\u0131nt\u0131kalar: T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc n\u00fcfusun tek\u00e2s\u00fcf\u00fc (yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131) istenilen yerlerdir. 2 numaral\u0131 m\u0131nt\u0131kalar: T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne temsili (asimilasyonu) istenilen n\u00fcfusun nakil ve isk\u00e2n\u0131na ayr\u0131lan yerlerdir. 3 numaral\u0131 m\u0131nt\u0131kalar: Yer, s\u0131hhat, iktisat, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, siyaset, askerlik ve inzibat sebepleri ile bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131 istenilen ve isk\u00e2n ve ikamete yasak edilen yerlerdir.\u201d B\u00f6ylece, 1924 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 88. Maddesi\u2019ndeki \u2018T\u00fcrk \u0131tlak olunur\u2019 ifadesinde neyin kastedildi\u011fi bir kez daha anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u201cBrakisefal T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131m\u0131 olan k\u00fclt\u00fcr nas\u0131l modern d\u00fcnya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kaynakl\u0131k etmi\u015fse Avrupa\u2019dan Afrika\u2019ya hatta Amerika\u2019ya kadar t\u00fcm k\u00fclt\u00fcr dilleri de k\u00f6k dil olarak T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir!\u201d diyen G\u00fcne\u015f Dil Teorisi\u2019nin form\u00fcle edildi\u011fi 1936\u2019da Afet \u0130nan, \u201cT\u00fcrklerin brakisefal Alpin \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fckemmel temsilcileri oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek \u00fczere\u201d \u0130svi\u00e7reli Antropolog Pittard\u2019\u0131n nezaretinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 doktora \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn emriyle tam 64 bin ki\u015fiyi antropometrik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlere tabi tuttu. Bu dev \u2018\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131\u2019 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma (ki Nazi Almanya\u2019s\u0131nda bile b\u00f6ylesi yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131), Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k, Milli G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, S\u0131hhat Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc deste\u011fi ile y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler sivil ve askeri doktorlar, s\u0131hhiye memurlar\u0131, beden e\u011fitimi \u00f6\u011fretmenlerince yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, askerler g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc denek olarak Afet \u0130nan\u2019\u0131n emrine sunulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

ANTROPOLOJ\u0130N\u0130N KULLANIMI<\/b><\/p>\n

20-25 Eyl\u00fcl 1937\u2019de toplanan \u0130kinci Tarih Kongresi\u2019nde Sadri Maksudi Arsal\u2019\u0131n sundu\u011fu bildirinin ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cBe\u015feriyet Tarihinde Devlet ve Hukuk Mefhumu ve M\u00fcesseselerinin \u0130nki\u015faf\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Irk\u0131n\u0131n Rol\u00fc\u201d; Hasan Re\u015fit Tankut\u2019un tebli\u011fi \u201dDil ve Irk M\u00fcnasebetleri\u201d; Dr. Nurettin Onur\u2019un tebli\u011fi \u201cKan Gruplar\u0131 Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk Irk\u0131n\u0131n Men\u015fei Hakk\u0131nda bir Et\u00fcd\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. T\u00fcrk Tarih Tezi\u2019nin do\u011frulu\u011funun bir kez daha ilan edildi\u011fi kongreye \u00fcnl\u00fc \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k kuramc\u0131s\u0131 Pittard da bir bildiri sunmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

1925-1939 aras\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan ve Maarif Vekillerinin \u2018fahri reisli\u011fini\u2019 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrk Antropoloji Mecmuas\u0131 ise o d\u00f6nemde, bilimsel bir ara\u00e7 olarak antropolojiyi kullan\u0131larak, T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in ne kadar kafa patlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair \u00f6rneklerle doluydu.<\/p>\n

Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n teorik d\u00fczeyde kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair iki \u00f6rnekle yaz\u0131y\u0131 bitirelim: 24 Temmuz 1937 tarihli Cumhuriyet gazetesinde \u00e7\u0131kan bir ilanda Ankara Askeri Baytar Mektebi\u2019ne al\u0131nacak \u00f6\u011frencilerde aranan \u00f6zelliklerden biri \u201cT\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131ndan olmak\u2019 idi. 6 Eyl\u00fcl 1938 tarihli Cumhuriyet gazetesinde \u00e7\u0131kan T\u00fcrk Ku\u015fu Direkt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne al\u0131nacak tayyare \u00f6\u011fretmenlerine dair bir ba\u015fka ilanda ise \u2018T\u00fcrk soyundan olmak\u2019 \u015fart\u0131 aran\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 1938 sonras\u0131 serencam\u0131 da gayet ilgin\u00e7tir, ancak buraya kadar anlatt\u0131klar\u0131mdan, Birg\u00fcl Ayman G\u00fcler\u2019in \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k kokan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin, Atat\u00fcrk d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flayan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar kesintisiz s\u00fcren bir \u2018in\u015fa\u2019 s\u00fcrecinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan \u2018T\u00fcrk kimli\u011finin di\u011fer kimliklerden \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011funa inanmak\u2019 \u015feklinde \u00f6zetlenebilecek alg\u0131 bozuklu\u011funun ac\u0131kl\u0131 bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131yor mu?<\/p>\n

\u00d6zet Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/b> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn S\u00f6ylev ve Deme\u00e7leri, Atat\u00fcrk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi, 2006; Ahmet Y\u0131ld\u0131z, \u201cNe Mutlu T\u00fcrk\u00fcm Diyebilene\u201d T\u00fcrk Ulusal Kimli\u011finin Etno Sek\u00fcler S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 (1919-1938), \u0130leti\u015fim, 2001; Nazan Maksudyan, T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00d6l\u00e7mek, (Bilimkurgusal Antropoloji ve T\u00fcrk Milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin Irk\u00e7\u0131 \u00c7ehresi), Metis, 2005; Suavi Ayd\u0131n “Cumhuriyet’in \u0130deolojik \u015eekillenmesinde Antropolojinin Rol\u00fc: Irk\u00e7\u0131 Paradigman\u0131n Y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc”, Modern T\u00fcrkiye’de Siyasi D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, Kemalizm, C.2, \u0130leti\u015fim, 2001, s. 344-369; Ulu\u011f \u0130\u011fdemir, Cumhuriyetin 50. <\/i>Y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu, TTK, 1973; Afet \u0130nan, Medeni Bilgiler ve M. Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn El Yaz\u0131lar\u0131, TTK, 1969; Naci Kutlay, \u201c\u0130smet Pa\u015fa\u2019da D\u00f6nemsel Irk\u00e7\u0131 Anlay\u0131\u015flar\u201d, \u00d6zg\u00fcr Politika, 9-12 Kas\u0131m 2003 <\/i><\/p>\n

www.radikal.com.tr\/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalYazar&ArticleID=1119711&Yazar=AYSE-HUR&CategoryID=97<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

AY\u015eE\u00a0H\u00dcR Mustafa Kemal, Ekim 1922’de bir grup \u00f6\u011fretmene \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: “\u00dc\u00e7 bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar dini bir cemaat olarak ya\u015f\u0131yorduk… O zamandan beri T\u00fcrk milleti olarak ya\u015f\u0131yoruz.” Bana g\u00f6re buram buram \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k kokan \u201cT\u00fcrk ulusuyla K\u00fcrt milliyeti e\u015fit de\u011fil\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle \u2018g\u00fcndeme damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran CHP\u2019li Birg\u00fcl Ayman G\u00fcler, geri ad\u0131m atmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u201cBenim s\u00f6zlerim Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ulus […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\nNe mutlu 'T\u00fcrk\u00fcm diyene' mi? Ne mutlu 'T\u00fcrk olana' m\u0131? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/02\/13\/ne-mutlu-turkum-diyene-mi-ne-mutlu-turk-olana-mi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ne mutlu 'T\u00fcrk\u00fcm diyene' mi? Ne mutlu 'T\u00fcrk olana' m\u0131? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"AY\u015eE\u00a0H\u00dcR Mustafa Kemal, Ekim 1922’de bir grup \u00f6\u011fretmene \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: “\u00dc\u00e7 bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar dini bir cemaat olarak ya\u015f\u0131yorduk… O zamandan beri T\u00fcrk milleti olarak ya\u015f\u0131yoruz.” Bana g\u00f6re buram buram \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k kokan \u201cT\u00fcrk ulusuyla K\u00fcrt milliyeti e\u015fit de\u011fil\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle \u2018g\u00fcndeme damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran CHP\u2019li Birg\u00fcl Ayman G\u00fcler, geri ad\u0131m atmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u201cBenim s\u00f6zlerim Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ulus […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/02\/13\/ne-mutlu-turkum-diyene-mi-ne-mutlu-turk-olana-mi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2013-02-13T08:19:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"kalem\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"kalem\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/02\/13\/ne-mutlu-turkum-diyene-mi-ne-mutlu-turk-olana-mi\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/02\/13\/ne-mutlu-turkum-diyene-mi-ne-mutlu-turk-olana-mi\/\",\"name\":\"Ne mutlu 'T\u00fcrk\u00fcm diyene' mi? 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Ne mutlu 'T\u00fcrk olana' m\u0131? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"AY\u015eE\u00a0H\u00dcR Mustafa Kemal, Ekim 1922’de bir grup \u00f6\u011fretmene \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: “\u00dc\u00e7 bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar dini bir cemaat olarak ya\u015f\u0131yorduk… O zamandan beri T\u00fcrk milleti olarak ya\u015f\u0131yoruz.” Bana g\u00f6re buram buram \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k kokan \u201cT\u00fcrk ulusuyla K\u00fcrt milliyeti e\u015fit de\u011fil\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle \u2018g\u00fcndeme damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran CHP\u2019li Birg\u00fcl Ayman G\u00fcler, geri ad\u0131m atmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u201cBenim s\u00f6zlerim Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ulus […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/02\/13\/ne-mutlu-turkum-diyene-mi-ne-mutlu-turk-olana-mi\/","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2013-02-13T08:19:08+00:00","author":"kalem","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"kalem","Est. reading time":"11 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/02\/13\/ne-mutlu-turkum-diyene-mi-ne-mutlu-turk-olana-mi\/","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/02\/13\/ne-mutlu-turkum-diyene-mi-ne-mutlu-turk-olana-mi\/","name":"Ne mutlu 'T\u00fcrk\u00fcm diyene' mi? 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