{"id":21658,"date":"2013-02-09T02:55:19","date_gmt":"2013-02-09T07:55:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=21658"},"modified":"2013-02-09T02:55:19","modified_gmt":"2013-02-09T07:55:19","slug":"vi-yuzyilda-bati-ermenistan-kurtulus-mucadelesinin-sonraki-sureci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2013\/02\/09\/vi-yuzyilda-bati-ermenistan-kurtulus-mucadelesinin-sonraki-sureci\/","title":{"rendered":"17. VI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Do\u011fu Ermenistan. Kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesinin sonraki s\u00fcreci"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"527-591<\/a>
527-591 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ermenistan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

VI. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019da durum<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0131varsak Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Do\u011fu Ermenistan, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l geli\u015fme imk\u00e2n\u0131 elde eder. Ba\u015fkent D\u0131vin ve \u00fclkenin di\u011fer \u015fehirlerinde zanaatlar ve ticaret geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Lakin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7abalar sonucunda yar\u0131-\u00f6zerk bir durum elde eden Ermenistan, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yeni problemlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015farak, i\u00e7 \u00f6zerkli\u011fini korumak amac\u0131yla s\u00fcrekli m\u00fccadele etmeye mecbur olur.<\/p>\n

Ermeniler, gerekli oldu\u011fu zamanlarda Pers egemenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadele y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylelikle, V. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda, Persler taraf\u0131ndan N\u0131varsak Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ihlal edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131nca, Ermeniler tekrar ayaklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ermenistan y\u00f6netimi, \u0130ran\u2019da h\u00e2s\u0131l olan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k durumdan yararlanarak, Sasani egemenli\u011fini tan\u0131may\u0131 reddeder.<\/p>\n

Ermenistan\u2019da bulunan azerg\u00e2hlar, Ermeniler taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r ve rahipler \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Pers kral\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yollanan ordular hezimete u\u011frat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ermenilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcmitler beslemi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Bizans yeniden yard\u0131m etmeyi reddeder ve asiler yenilir. Her hal\u00fck\u00e2rda, Ermenilerin isyanlar\u0131 sonu\u00e7suz kalmaz. Pers kral\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel bir ferman\u0131 sonucunda Ermeni Kilisesi VI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda resmen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve \u00f6zerk olarak tan\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

554 D\u0131vin Kilise Konseyi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bizans ve \u0130ran, Ermenistan\u2019daki mevzilerini sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak niyetiyle, Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019ne b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermekteydi.<\/p>\n

Bizans imparatorlar\u0131, Ermenilere duofizli\u011fi veya Ka\u011fketonculu\u011fu dayatmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bu sebeple, Ermeni Kilisesi, \u00f6zerkli\u011fini ve haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmak amac\u0131yla ciddi bir m\u00fccadele s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye mecbur olur.<\/p>\n

Sasani \u0130ran, kendi devlet \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na istinaden ve H\u0131ristiyan kiliselerinin par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan istifade ederek, Bizans Kilisesi\u2019nin bask\u0131lar\u0131na maruz kalan Ermeni ruhanileri kendi taraf\u0131nda \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

554 D\u0131vin Kilise Konseyi, Ermeni din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n tutarl\u0131 duru\u015funa sad\u0131k kal\u0131r. Konsey, Ermeni takvimini resmen kabul eder ve ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlarla, Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin \u00f6zerkli\u011fini tasdik eder.<\/p>\n

Bu \u015fekilde, Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin milli kiliseye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi konusunda \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m at\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Konsey, Bizans kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 y\u00f6nelime sahip oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, \u0130ranl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan hemen desteklenir.<\/p>\n

Pers y\u00f6netimi, ruhanilerin tevecc\u00fch\u00fcn\u00fc kazanmak i\u00e7in, vergi toplama konusunda Ermeni asilzadelerin mirasla devredilen hakk\u0131n\u0131, onlardan alarak kiliseye devreder.<\/p>\n

Pers y\u00f6netiminin siyaseti<\/b><\/p>\n

Sasani \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n nispeten yumu\u015fak siyaseti, \u00fclkelerindeki a\u011f\u0131r krizle ilgiliydi.<\/p>\n

Egemenlikleri alt\u0131nda bulunan halklar ayaklanm\u0131\u015f ve Pers ordular\u0131 \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda \u00e7etin savunma m\u00fccadelesi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Kral I. Khosrov Anu\u015firvan (531-578) zaman\u0131nda \u0130ran i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f siyasetinde \u00f6nemli ba\u015far\u0131lara imza atar ve bu durum \u0130ran\u2019a, yeniden Ermenileri asimile ederek, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n yar\u0131-\u00f6zerk durumunu ortadan kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik imk\u00e2n sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

\u0130dari de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, vergi siyaseti ve Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaymaya y\u00f6nelik planlar bu amaca y\u00f6nelikti.<\/p>\n

Kral Khosrov d\u00f6neminde \u0130ran d\u00f6rt \u201ckustaklara\u201d (k\u0131s\u0131mlara) ayr\u0131l\u0131r, bu k\u0131s\u0131mlar kendi i\u00e7lerinde \u201cmarzpanl\u0131klara\u201d (vilayet) ve b\u00f6lgelere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Do\u011fu Ermenistan, G\u00fcrcistan ve A\u011fvan\u2019la (Alban, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Da\u011f\u0131stan b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan eski bir devlet) birlikte Kuzey kusak\u0131n i\u00e7indeydi ve kral naibi y\u00f6neticiye tabiydi. Bu sayede Ermenistan, daha \u00f6nce sahip oldu\u011fu hayli y\u00fcksek mevkisini kaybetmekteydi. Ermenistan marzpan\u0131 o d\u00f6neme kadar do\u011frudan \u0130ran kral\u0131na tabiyken, bu durumda, bu \u00f6ncelikli konumunu yitirmekteydi. Ermenistan, ikincil bir b\u00f6lgeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmekle kalmay\u0131p, i\u00e7 \u00f6zerkli\u011fini de \u00f6nemli oranda kaybetmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Perslerin yeni vergi siyaseti, Ermenistan i\u00e7in son derece olumsuzdu. Yeni d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131larak, vergi toplama siteminde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131l\u0131r. Eskiden \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak, yani k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn elde etti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 vergi toplay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na teslim etti\u011fi \u015fekilde toplanan vergi, bu d\u00fczenlemeden sonra k\u0131smen nakit olarak \u00f6denmeliydi.<\/p>\n

Ticaret yollar\u0131 ve \u015fehirlerden uzak ya\u015fayan k\u00f6yl\u00fcler i\u00e7in nakil elde etmek hayli zor oldu\u011fundan, tefecilerden y\u00fcksek faizlerle bor\u00e7 para almaya mecbur olurlar.<\/p>\n

Perslerin yeni vergi siyaseti, basit halk\u0131n haricinde asiller ve ruhanilerin de \u015fik\u00e2yetine yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Bu kesimler kelle vergisinden muaf olmakla birlikte, toprak vergisi \u00f6demeye mecburdu.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bunlarla birlikte, Persler hen\u00fcz Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yayma ve dini takibat siyasetinden vazge\u00e7memi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

Vahan Mamikonyan\u2019\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7en, karde\u015fi Vard\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra marzpan g\u00f6revi Pers y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan tekrar Perslilere teslim edilir. Bu g\u00f6rev, ancak \u00f6zel durumlarda Ermeni y\u00f6neticilere teslim edilmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Pers g\u00f6revliler ise s\u0131k-s\u0131k bask\u0131 uygulay\u0131p, gayrikanun\u00ee i\u015flemler uygulamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Pers y\u00f6netiminin keyfi hareketleri, \u00f6zellikle Persli Suren\u2019in marzpan olarak tayin edilmesinden sonra \u00e7ekilmez bir hal al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Krall\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan geni\u015f yetkilerle donat\u0131lan Suren, b\u00fcy\u00fck say\u0131da elit birlikler e\u015fli\u011finde Ermenistan\u2019a g\u00f6nderilir. Ermenistan\u2019da ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011fun yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren yeni marzpan, daha ba\u015ftan Ermenilere korku salmaya karar verir. Manvel Mamikonyan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ve H\u0131ristiyanlara uygulanan bask\u0131 ve sald\u0131r\u0131lar tekrar \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kral I. Khosrov\u2019un, kendisine tabi halklara uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyaset ve Pers y\u00f6neticilerinin yolsuzluklar\u0131, Ermenilerin sabr\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dclke, isyan\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunup, kararl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde faaliyet g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in bir i\u015faret beklemekteydi.<\/p>\n

571-572 ayaklanmas\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Ayaklanman\u0131n do\u011frudan sebebi, D\u0131vin\u2019de azerg\u00e2h tesis etme konusuydu. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Manvel Mamikonyan\u2019\u0131n karde\u015fi Vardan Mamikonyan (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Vardan) ayaklanman\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7er. Ermeni katolikosu II. Hovhannes de harekete kat\u0131l\u0131r. 10 bin ki\u015filik bir ordu te\u015fkil edip, m\u00fcttefikler elde etmeyi ba\u015far\u0131rlar. Pers siyasetinden \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i G\u00fcrc\u00fcler ve A\u011fvanlar bu kez de Ermenilere kat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n as\u0131rl\u0131k rakibi Bizans\u2019\u0131n duru\u015fu da \u00fcmit vericiydi.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki imparatorluk aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler son derece gergin olup, Bizans, \u0130ran\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fa girmek i\u00e7in uygun bir an kollamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Perslere kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta operasyonlara giri\u015fecek say\u0131da g\u00fc\u00e7lere sahip olmayan Bizans, Ermenilerin, A\u011fvanlar\u0131n ve G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00fczden, Ermenilerin heyeti bu sefer Konstantinopel\u2019de s\u0131cak bir kar\u015f\u0131lamaya nail olur.<\/p>\n

Ermeniler, Bizans\u2019la yapt\u0131klar\u0131 antla\u015fmayla, Bizans\u2019\u0131n egemenli\u011fini kabul eder.<\/p>\n

Bizansl\u0131lar ise bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ayaklanman\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131 halinde, Bizans\u2019a ka\u00e7an Ermenilere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma yermeyi taahh\u00fct eder.<\/p>\n

Bizansl\u0131lar, elde ettikleri bu anla\u015fmadan Persleri haberdar edip, asi Ermenilere yard\u0131m etmekle tehdit eder.<\/p>\n

Bizans\u2019\u0131n vaatleri, Ermenistan\u2019da genel bir co\u015fku uyand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Olaylar\u0131n geli\u015fmesinden son derece rahats\u0131z olan marzpan Suren, 571 y\u0131l\u0131nda acilen Tizbon\u2019a giderek, has\u0131l olan durumu krala rapor eder.<\/p>\n

Kral Khosrov, marzpana 15 bin ki\u015filik bir ordu tahsis ederek, asilere amans\u0131z davranmas\u0131n\u0131 emreder.<\/p>\n

Lakin ayaklanma s\u00fcrecini \u00f6nlemek, Pers y\u00f6netiminin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc a\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ermeni sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 20 bini ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve asiler, \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fc\u00e7 haline gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Asiler, 572 y\u0131l\u0131nda Vardan Mamikonyan \u00f6nderli\u011finde sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7erek, marzpan\u0131n ordusunu D\u0131vin\u2019de hezimete u\u011frat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen marzpan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131, Bizans ordular\u0131 komutan\u0131na g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n

Bizans, Ermenilerin silahl\u0131 faaliyeti sonucunda harekete ge\u00e7er. \u0130mparatorluk, \u0130ran\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f ba\u015flat\u0131r ve Ermenistan\u2019a ordular\u0131n\u0131 yollar. Ermeniler, Perslere kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanm\u0131\u015f olan kom\u015fu halklar ve Bizansl\u0131lar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla Perslerin yeni ordu komutan\u0131 Mihran\u2019\u0131 ma\u011flup eder. Pers egemenli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flayan ayaklanma, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u0130ran-Bizans sava\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Yirmi y\u0131ll\u0131k \u0130ran-Bizans sava\u015f\u0131 ve Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n 591 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi<\/b><\/p>\n

Askeri operasyonlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Ermenistan topraklar\u0131nda s\u00fcrmesinden dolay\u0131 \u00fclke y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011frar ve iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan sava\u015f, Ermeni halk\u0131 i\u00e7in tam bir felaket olur.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f, de\u011fi\u015fken ba\u015far\u0131larla 20 y\u0131l s\u00fcrer.<\/p>\n

Nihayetinde, Bizans ve \u0130ran 591 y\u0131l\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f imzalar ve Ermenistan ikinci kez aralar\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli oranda geni\u015fletir ve Turuberan, Tayk ve Ayrarat b\u00f6lgelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Bizans\u2019a ge\u00e7er. Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n siyasi par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 daha derinle\u015fir ve \u00fclkenin farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleri aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik ili\u015fkilerin geli\u015fmesi zorla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ermenilerin vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck destek, Bizans taraf\u0131ndan takdir edilmez. Bizans imparatorlar\u0131, Ermeni silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerini yok etme siyasetini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ermeni ordular\u0131, imparator Morik\u2019in emriyle uzak \u00fclkelere nakledilerek imparatorlu\u011fun d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bizans, bu \u015fekilde Ermenilerin h\u00fcrriyetperver hareketlerini \u00f6nlemek niyetindeydi. \u0130mparator, ayn\u0131 zamanda Pers y\u00f6neticilerine de, \u0130ran\u2019a tabi Ermenilerle ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde davranmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerir.<\/p>\n

Ermeni askerler ise \u00e7o\u011fu kez imparatorun emirlerine uymayarak, Ermenistan\u2019da kal\u0131p, sava\u015fmay\u0131 ye\u011fler.<\/p>\n

Ermeni beylerinden S\u0131mbat Bagratuni, Bizansl\u0131lara tabi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 tutuklan\u0131r. Lakin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir cesaret g\u00f6stererek, sirkte kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ay\u0131, bo\u011fa ve aslan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u015ea\u015fk\u0131n ve hayran seyircilerin talebiyle, Bizans imparatoru taraf\u0131ndan affedilir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcrc\u00fc Kilisesi\u2019nin, Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Ermenistan topraklar\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen \u0130ran-Bizans sava\u015flar\u0131 VII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda da devam eder, fakat yeni s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine mahal vermez. Lakin Bizans y\u00f6netiminin kilise siyasetindeki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, G\u00fcrc\u00fc Kilisesi\u2019nin 607 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nden ayr\u0131larak Ka\u011fketonculu\u011fu kabul etmesi olur. Ermeni ve G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin doktrinsel birli\u011fi b\u00f6ylece \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclerek, ilerde menfi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Lakin \u0130ran ve Bizans aras\u0131nda y\u0131llarca s\u00fcregelen sava\u015flar, iki taraf\u0131 da g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, Araplar siyasi arenaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hem \u0130ran, hem de Bizans\u2019\u0131n art\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131 koyacak g\u00fcc\u00fc kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7eviren: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/b><\/em><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.findarmenia.com\/arm\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

VI. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019da durum N\u0131varsak Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Do\u011fu Ermenistan, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l geli\u015fme imk\u00e2n\u0131 elde eder. Ba\u015fkent D\u0131vin ve \u00fclkenin di\u011fer \u015fehirlerinde zanaatlar ve ticaret geli\u015fir. Lakin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7abalar sonucunda yar\u0131-\u00f6zerk bir durum elde eden Ermenistan, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yeni problemlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015farak, i\u00e7 \u00f6zerkli\u011fini korumak amac\u0131yla s\u00fcrekli m\u00fccadele etmeye mecbur olur. Ermeniler, gerekli oldu\u011fu zamanlarda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermenilerin-tarihi","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\n17. VI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Do\u011fu Ermenistan. 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