{"id":20351,"date":"2012-12-01T01:56:33","date_gmt":"2012-12-01T06:56:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=20351"},"modified":"2012-12-01T01:56:33","modified_gmt":"2012-12-01T06:56:33","slug":"gavur-izmirin-ermenileri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/12\/01\/gavur-izmirin-ermenileri\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018G\u00e2vur \u0130zmir\u2019in Ermenileri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>ZAKARYA M\u0130LDANO\u011eLU<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130zmir\u2019e ilk gelen Ermeniler, Kadifekale semtinde, \u015fehrin amfi tiyatrosunun yukar\u0131s\u0131nda, sonraki T\u00fcrk mahallesine yak\u0131n bir alanda yerle\u015ferek bir \u015fapel ve mezarl\u0131k kurdular. 1500\u2019lere do\u011fru bu tepelerden ayr\u0131lan Ermeniler, kentin merkezine, Kervan K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na yerle\u015fip bir Ermeni Mahallesi kurdular. Buras\u0131 ileriki tarihlerde Haynots (Ermenilerin Yeri) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00fcnl\u00fc Ermeni Mahallesi olacakt\u0131. <\/em><\/p>\n

Y\u00fczbinlerce insan topyek\u00fbn \u00e7\u0131ld\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, akl\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f olmal\u0131yd\u0131 ki, do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fckleri mahalleyi, vaftiz olduklar\u0131, evlendikleri kiliseleri, dirsek \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri okullar\u0131, binlerce kitab\u0131n, elyazmas\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerini, derneklerini, matbaalar\u0131n\u0131, i\u015fyerlerini, mezarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131p y\u0131ks\u0131nlar.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

1922 \u0130zmir yang\u0131n\u0131 hakk\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma, makale, belge yay\u0131mland\u0131. D\u00f6nemin yetkilileri, yazarlar\u0131 da an\u0131lar\u0131nda bu yang\u0131n hakk\u0131nda yazd\u0131lar. Devletin kal\u0131pla\u015fm\u0131\u015f resmi tezi \u0130zmir yang\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Ger\u00e7ek niyeti gizlemek i\u00e7in yalan \u00fczerine yalan s\u00f6ylendi. D\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k, nefret, kin tohumlar\u0131na bir yenisi eklendi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Aradan doksan y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. Milli Savunma eski Bakan\u0131 Vecdi G\u00f6n\u00fcl, bundan birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bir if\u015faata bulundu: \u201cBug\u00fcn e\u011fer Ege\u2019de Rumlar ya\u015famaya devam etseydi ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin pek \u00e7ok yerinde Ermeniler ya\u015famaya devam etseydi, bug\u00fcn acaba milli devlet olabilir miydik?\u201d Bu a\u00e7\u0131klama her \u015feyi fazlas\u0131yla anlatmaya, a\u00e7\u0131klamaya yetiyordu asl\u0131nda.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu tezlerin sahiplerinin anlayamayacaklar\u0131 ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu topraktan kopart\u0131lanlar, gittikleri yerlerde Nor Zumirniya\u2019lar, yani Yeni \u0130zmir\u2019ler kurdular. \u0130zmir ise, ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha renksiz, kimliksiz, \u00e7orak bir yerle\u015fime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.\u00a0 Bug\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klardan medet uman ulusalc\u0131-milliyet\u00e7i damar\u0131n \u0130zmir\u2019de bu kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131nda, y\u00f6renin \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc tarihini sonland\u0131ran geli\u015fmelerin hi\u00e7 mi rol\u00fc yoktur sizce?<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130zmir\u2019in ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, daha ziyade Rum n\u00fcfusuyla bilinir; Ermenilerle ilgili bilgiler genelde sat\u0131r aralar\u0131nda dile getirilir. Bu dosya, sat\u0131r aralar\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u0130zmir Ermenilerinin tarihine m\u00fctevaz\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fcte\u00e7 tutmak, kentin k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ne t\u00fcr katk\u0131larda bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131n biraz olsun anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi amac\u0131yla yaz\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ermeniler \u0130zmir\u2019e nerelerden geldi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Yang\u0131n sonras\u0131 Haynots (Ermeni Mahallesi)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130stanbul Patri\u011fi Ma\u011fakya Ormanyan\u2019\u0131n 1912\u2019de yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u00fcfus verilerine g\u00f6re Ayd\u0131n vilayetinde 25.000 Ortodoks, 2.000 Katolik ve 200 Protestan olmak \u00fczere toplam 27.200 Ermeni ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. \u0130zmir Ermeni toplumu Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan bir role sahipti. Kentin ekonomik ve entelekt\u00fcel hayat\u0131na Ermeni kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, n\u00fcfus oranlar\u0131na g\u00f6re bir hayli y\u00fcksekti.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir ve Ermeniler konusunda ilk yaz\u0131l\u0131 kay\u0131tlar Bizans \u0130mparatoru Mihail Paleologos ile Cenoval\u0131lar aras\u0131nda 1261\u2019de \u0130zmir\u2019de imzalanan bir ticaret antla\u015fmas\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. Bu belge, Ermeni ticaret adamlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek vas\u0131flar\u0131na vurgu yap\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u0130zmir Surp Isdepanos kilisesi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130zmir\u2019e ilk gelen Ermeniler, Kadifekale semtinde, \u015fehrin amfitiyatrosunun yukar\u0131s\u0131nda, sonraki T\u00fcrk mahallesine yak\u0131n bir alanda yerle\u015ferek bir \u015fapel ve mezarl\u0131k kurdular.<\/p>\n

1500\u2019e do\u011fru bu tepelerden ayr\u0131lan Ermeniler, kentin merkezine, Kervan K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na yerle\u015fip bir Ermeni Mahallesi kurdular. Buras\u0131 ileriki tarihlerde Haynots (Ermenilerin Yeri) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00fcnl\u00fc Ermeni Mahallesi olacakt\u0131. Bu mahalle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u0130zmir Fuar alan\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgeyi kapsamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

16. ve 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Celali \u0130syanlar\u0131 Anadolu ve Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 kas\u0131p kavurdu\u011funda, Nah\u00e7ivan, Karaba\u011f ve Yerevan\u2019dan bin kadar Ermeni ailesi, canlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6\u00e7 etti ve \u0130zmir\u2019e yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda I. \u015eah Abbas\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcrekli ordu kurma giri\u015fimiyle G\u00fcrc\u00fc, Ermeni ve \u00c7erkes\u00a0 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 tutsak olarak \u0130ran\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesi ve izledi\u011fi s\u00fcrg\u00fcn politikas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7an Ermenilerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de \u0130zmir\u2019e yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise Sultan I. Mahmut, Osmanl\u0131-\u0130ran sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n en yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Ermenistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunan A\u015fdarak, O\u015fagan ve k\u0131smen de Anadolu\u2019nun g\u00f6be\u011findeki Ankara\u2019dan yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz aileyi \u0130zmir\u2019e getirdi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Konak Surp Garabed Kilisesi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Yine 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, \u0130sfahan\u2019\u0131n Afganlar taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, 1722\u2019de Yeni Culfa\u2019dan, 1740\u2019a do\u011fru Nah\u00e7ivan\u2019dan \u0130zmir\u2019e toplu g\u00f6\u00e7ler birbirini izledi.<\/p>\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise g\u00fcvenlik ve ge\u00e7im derdinde olan Erzurum, Tokat, Kayseri, Tiflis, Bursa, \u0130stanbul, Manisa\u2019dan bir\u00e7ok Ermeni ailesi \u0130zmir\u2019e yerle\u015fti. Anadolu\u2019daki 1894-1896 katliamlar\u0131ndan ve 1909 Adana katliam\u0131ndan kurtulan y\u00fczlerce yetim ve m\u00fclteci \u0130zmir\u2019e s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131. Bu nedenle 1922 \u00f6ncesinde \u0130zmir\u2019de bir\u00e7ok yetimhane vard\u0131;\u00a0 hay\u0131r ama\u00e7l\u0131 geni\u015f bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme a\u011f\u0131 mevcuttu.<\/p>\n

1845 tarihli b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130zmir yang\u0131n\u0131nda Ermeni Mahallesi t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yok oldu. 900 evden geriye sadece 37 ev kald\u0131. \u0130\u015fyerleri, H\u0131ripsimyants Okulu, Surp Isdepanos Kilisesi, ar\u015fivleriyle birlikte yand\u0131. \u0130stanbul\u2019dan g\u00f6nderilen iki mimar, \u0130zmir Ermeni mahallesini yeniden projelendirdi ve Haynots bu projeye g\u00f6re yeniden ve \u00e7ok daha modern bir \u015fekilde in\u015fa edildi. B\u00f6ylece Anadolu topraklar\u0131nda \u015fehircilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir ilke imza at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 ticarette \u0130zmirli Ermeniler<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u0130zmir hal\u0131 Firmalar\u0131.Silikciyan,\u0130spenciyan, Kahyayan, \u0130stanbul, Selanik, Kayseri, Sivas \u015fubeleri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130zmir Ermeni toplumu s\u0131n\u0131fsal olarak farkl\u0131 gruplardan olu\u015fuyordu. G\u00fcndelik gelirle ya\u015fayan alt s\u0131n\u0131flar, geni\u015f\u00e7e bir ortadirek grubu, daha varl\u0131kl\u0131 mal-m\u00fclk sahipleri ve en \u00fcst tabakada da uluslararas\u0131 ticaretle \u2013manifatura, pamuk, bu\u011fday, \u00fcz\u00fcm vs\u2013 u\u011fra\u015fan kesim, Ermeni toplumunun s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yer al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

16. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren, \u00f6zellikle 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130zmir, \u0130stanbul, Venedik, Trieste, Livorno, Marsilya yolu ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Atlantik cephesinde Amsterdam, Londra\u2019dan olu\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck ticaret a\u011f\u0131nda Ermeni t\u00fcccarlar da yer almaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu t\u00fcccar grubunun ba\u015fl\u0131ca faaliyet alan\u0131 ipek ticaretiydi. \u0130pe\u011fi \u00fcreticiden toplay\u0131p kervanlara ta\u015f\u0131yarak, Halep ve \u0130zmir\u2019de takas\u0131n\u0131 veya sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir liman \u015fehri olan \u0130zmir, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ihracat liman\u0131 haline geldi ve bunda Ermeni t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Hagop Bosdanc\u0131yan, \u015eemsiye fakrikas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ermeniler ayn\u0131 zamanda iyi tacirler olarak ithalat ve ihracat alan\u0131nda \u00e7ok etkindi. \u0130zmir\u2019e kervanlarla gelen \u0130ran \u0130pe\u011fi, Ankara ke\u00e7isi y\u00fcn\u00fc, Anadolu i\u00e7lerine ait zanaat \u00fcr\u00fcnleri Avrupa\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilir, oradan da i\u015flenmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnler, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t, \u00e7uha, maden al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ermeni tacirler, Osmanl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 dahilinde belli ba\u015fl\u0131 limanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ticaret yapma yetkisine sahip olmayan Avrupal\u0131 tacirler i\u00e7in arac\u0131l\u0131k ederek ticarete dahil oluyordu.<\/p>\n

1838 Osmanl\u0131-\u0130ngiliz Ticaret Antla\u015fmas\u0131na kadar \u0130ngiliz t\u00fcccarlar tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin toplanmas\u0131 ve mamul mallar\u0131n i\u00e7 piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde, sahil kesimde Rumlar\u0131 ve Anadolu i\u00e7lerine do\u011fru da Ermenileri arac\u0131 olarak kulland\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir\u2019de, Amerikal\u0131 tacirler ve Ermeniler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler de hayli canl\u0131yd\u0131. Amerikan gemilerinin getirdi\u011fi kahve, \u015feker, baharat, boya gibi mallar Harput\u2019taki, Erzurum\u2019daki, Van\u2019daki son noktaya Ermeni toptanc\u0131, perakendeci, komisyoncu, arac\u0131 ve simsarlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ula\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

1890\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda \u0130zmir\u2019in \u00fcnl\u00fc t\u00fcccarlar\u0131ndan Garabet Arabyan Efendi, yabanc\u0131 tacirlerin de deste\u011fiyle \u00f6zel borsa giri\u015fimini ba\u015flatt\u0131 ve Kordon\u2019da bir borsa binas\u0131 in\u015fa etti.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Mesrobyan Okulu Fen Laboratuar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130zmir\u2019in Basmahane semtinin kurulmas\u0131 ve geli\u015fmesinde de Ermeniler \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131. 1790 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Sultan Selim\u2019den basma kuma\u015f dokuma fabrikas\u0131 kurma izni alan Ermeniler, uzun bir s\u00fcre bu sekt\u00f6r\u00fc tekellerinde tuttular.<\/p>\n

Ermeni tacirler Avrupa\u2019da \u00f6zellikle Londra ve Manchester ile do\u011frudan ili\u015fki i\u00e7indeydi. Garabet Ekizyan, Manchester\u2019e giderek 1860 y\u0131llar\u0131nda B. Babo firmas\u0131n\u0131 kurdu ve onun ard\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok firma ayn\u0131 yolu izledi. B\u00f6ylece Manchester\u2019da \u00f6nemli bir Ermeni ticaret kolonisi olu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu geli\u015fmelerin sonucunda, \u0130zmir ekonomisinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, orta ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli pek \u00e7ok Ermeni \u015firketi etkiliydi. Hovsep \u00c7elebi Yusufyan, Krikor Kuyumcuyan, \u0130spartal\u0131yan Karde\u015fler gibi mal m\u00fclk sahibi zenginler, \u0130spartal\u0131yan, Ekizyan, Yesayan Karde\u015fler ve Stepan-Dikran \u0130plik\u00e7iyan gibi birinci s\u0131n\u0131f manifaturac\u0131lar, Elmasyan, Tavityan Karde\u015fler gibi pamuk, bu\u011fday, incir, kuru \u00fcz\u00fcm ticareti yapan pek \u00e7ok t\u00fcccar, \u0130zmir\u2019in ekonomik geli\u015fimine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131da bulundu. 1922\u2019den sonra \u015fehrin Rum ve Ermeni n\u00fcfusunun ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla, y\u00f6renin ekonomik geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011fi de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir darbe yedi.<\/p>\n

Toplum hayat\u0131nda Ermeniler<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Ispartal\u0131 Karde\u015fler \u015eirketi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1922 tarihine kadar \u0130zmir\u2019de Ermenilere ait, e\u011fitim, yard\u0131m, sanat, spor alanlar\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren 21 kurulu\u015f yer al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Hay\u0131rsever Ermenilerin ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla Ayd\u0131n, Bay\u0131nd\u0131r, Manisa ve Menemen\u2019de birer okul a\u00e7an S\u00fcnyats Ingerutyun (S\u00fcnyats Derne\u011fi); zanaat \u00f6\u011frenen e\u011fitimsiz gen\u00e7lere anaillerini \u00f6\u011fretmek i\u00e7in kurulan Mesrobyan G\u0131rtasirats Ingerutyun (Mesrobyan E\u011fitimsever Cemiyeti); m\u00fczik ve di\u011fer sanat dallar\u0131nda e\u011fitimin gen\u00e7lik aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla 1874 de kurulan Vahanyan Ingerutyun (Vahanyan Cemiyeti) en \u00f6nemli dernekler aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Abd\u00fclhamit d\u00f6nemi Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik katliamlardan kurtulan, ortada kalan y\u00fczlerce yetimin, i\u015fsizin, fakirin s\u0131\u011f\u0131naklar\u0131ndan biri de \u0130zmir oldu. 1896\u2019da ta\u015fradan ak\u0131n eden ve yard\u0131ma ihtiya\u00e7 duyan Ermenileri yerle\u015ftirmek ve i\u015f sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla A\u011fkadakh\u0131nam Ingerutyun (Fukaraperver Cemiyeti); 1897\u2019de ise erkek yetimleri e\u011fitmek, gere\u011finde zanaat \u00f6\u011fretmek amac\u0131yla Nersesyan Vorpasirats Ingerutyun (Nersesyan Yetimsever Cemiyeti) kuruldu.<\/p>\n

1843\u2019te, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitim alan\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapatmak i\u00e7in bir araya gelen birka\u00e7 hay\u0131rsever Ermeni taraf\u0131ndan Arakadzunyats Ingerutyun (Arakadzunyants Cemiyeti); 1887 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencileri Avrupa\u2019ya g\u00f6ndererek y\u00fcksek tahsil almalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak \u00f6\u011fretmen yeti\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla Usumnaser Ingerutyun (Tahsilsever Cemiyeti); 1895\u2019te ise yoksul \u00e7ocuklara zanaat \u00f6\u011fretmek amac\u0131yla Surp Isdepanos bah\u00e7esinde Arhesdanots (At\u00f6lye) faaliyete ge\u00e7ti. 1861 y\u0131l\u0131nda on hay\u0131rsever, amac\u0131 fakirlere maddi, ila\u00e7 ve t\u0131bbi yard\u0131m sa\u011flamak olan A\u011fkadasirats Ingerutyun\u2019un (Fukaraperver Cemiyeti) kurulmas\u0131na \u00f6nayak oldu.<\/p>\n

1880\u2019de Surp Isdepanos Kilisesi bah\u00e7esinde bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane binas\u0131 in\u015fa edildi. \u00dcnl\u00fc pedagog Karekin H. Papazyan taraf\u0131ndan kurulan bu k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin 15 bin kitab\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra geni\u015f bir elyazmas\u0131 ve gazete koleksiyonu vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Ermeni Avc\u0131lar Kulub\u00fc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130zmirli Ermeni kad\u0131nlar taraf\u0131ndan dernekler de k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6steriyordu. 1879\u2019da kad\u0131nlar taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Hokadar \u2013 Vorpakh\u0131nam Ingerutyun (Yetimleri Himaye ve Yard\u0131m Cemiyeti), 1896\u2019da H\u0131ripsimyan Okulu mezunlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kad\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretmen yeti\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla H\u0131ripsimyan G\u0131rtaser Ingerutyun (H\u0131ripsimyan E\u011fitimsever Cemiyeti) ve 1896\u2019da da okulun yoksul \u00f6\u011frencilerine yard\u0131m amac\u0131yla K\u0131tasirats Ingerutyun (\u015eefkatseverler Cemiyeti) kuruldu.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir Ermenileri, hayat\u0131n farkl\u0131 alanlar\u0131nda kendi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerini kurarlar. Bunlar aras\u0131nda, spor alan\u0131nda 1908\u2019de kurulan Hay Vorsortats Agump (Ermeni Avc\u0131lar Kul\u00fcb\u00fc), amac\u0131 gen\u00e7lik aras\u0131nda m\u00fczik sevginin yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olan Knar Hay Yerej\u0131\u015fdasirats Agump (Knar Ermeni M\u00fcziksever Kul\u00fcb\u00fc), Ardavazt Taderasirats Miutyun (Ardavazt Tiyatrosever Derne\u011fi), 150 ki\u015filik bir koroya sahip ve geliri Gomidas\u2019\u0131n tedavisinde kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere konserler veren Varag Yeraj\u0131\u015fdaser Miuyutyun (Varag M\u00fcziksever Derne\u011fi) say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Haynots\u2019un kuzeydo\u011fu b\u00f6lgesinde yer alan Surp Krikor Lusavori\u00e7 hastanesi de \u0130zmir Ermenilerinin hayat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yer tutar. 1879\u2019da, Hagop ve Hovhannes Ispartal\u0131yan karde\u015fler taraf\u0131ndan restore ettirilerek modern bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen bina, geni\u015f bir bah\u00e7e i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131yordu. Hastane, uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f servisleriyle, 30 – 40 hasta, ayr\u0131ca 20 kadar da ak\u0131l hastas\u0131 kabul edebilecek kapasiteye ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kiliseler, okullar ve yay\u0131nlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
H\u0131ripsimyan K\u0131zlar Okulu 1910<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ayd\u0131n vilayetinde Apostolik Ermenilere ait 23 kilise ve 27 okul yer al\u0131yordu. 1907 verilerine g\u00f6re vilayetteki 27 Ermeni okulunda 109 \u00f6\u011fretmen e\u015fli\u011finde 2 bin 935 \u00f6\u011frenci e\u011fitim g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve bu okullardan 10\u2019u \u0130zmir merkezinde yer al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir\u2019deki Ermenilerin, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alanlarda Avrupa\u2019yla devaml\u0131 temas halinde olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, Ermeni \u2018Ayd\u0131nlanma\u2019 hareketi, \u0130zmir\u2019de, \u0130stanbul\u2019da oldu\u011fundan daha erken geli\u015fti. Surp Mesrobyan Okulu, ah\u015fap, m\u00fctevaz\u0131 bir yap\u0131dan, d\u00f6neme damga vuran bir koleje d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u0130talyanca, Rumca ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin \u00f6\u011fretildi\u011fi okul, Ermeni dilinin geli\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Mesrobyan Okulu, Isdepan Vosgan gibi 1848 Paris ayaklanmas\u0131na yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131k olan ve \u0130zmir\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde Frans\u0131z edebi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini Ermeni \u00e7evrelerine tan\u0131tan sayg\u0131n e\u011fitimcilerin g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir okuldu. Okul zaman i\u00e7inde o kadar \u00fcnlenmi\u015fti ki, \u0130zmir d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan, \u0130stanbul, Anadolu ve Kafkasya\u2019dan pek \u00e7ok \u00f6\u011frenci kabul etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki Ermeni K\u00fclt\u00fcrel R\u00f6nesans\u0131\u2019nda (Veradz\u0131nunt) bu okuldan mezun olan ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n rol\u00fc \u00e7ok \u00f6nemliydi.<\/p>\n

Matbaalar binlerce kitap bast\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Ar\u015faluys Araradyan (Ararad \u015eafa\u011f\u0131)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ermeni ticaret adamlar\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa\u2019yla ve Uzakdo\u011fu\u2019yla yak\u0131n ili\u015fkileri, uluslararas\u0131 sermaye birikimlerinin kapitalizmle entegre olmas\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rler, \u0130zmir Ermenilerini erken say\u0131lacak tarihlerde matbaa ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Avrupa\u2019ya e\u011fitime giden gen\u00e7lerin yeni fikir ve donan\u0131mlarla \u0130zmir\u2019e d\u00f6nmeleri, Protestan ve Katoliklerin misyonerlik faaliyetlerine ba\u015flamalar\u0131 da bu erken tan\u0131\u015fmada rol oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir\u2019de Ermenice, Ermeni harfli T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, ve bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 dilde bas\u0131m yapan 37 Ermeni\u00a0 matbaas\u0131 faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi. Kentin ilk Ermeni matbaas\u0131 Surp E\u00e7miadzin yev Surp Sarkis Zoravar ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

H. Hallok ve Kulielmas Griffit Matbaas\u0131 1838\u2019de Kitab\u0131 Mukaddes, Yeni Ahit, co\u011frafya, astronomi, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00f6\u011fretisi, m\u00fczik gibi farkl\u0131 alanlarda pek \u00e7ok kitab\u0131n bas\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi ve \u0130zmir\u2019in en \u00e7ok kitap basan, yay\u0131n yapan matbaalar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. Matbaa 1833-1853 aras\u0131nda Ermenice, Rumca, Bulgarca, \u0130branice, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e 200 risale yay\u0131mlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir\u2019de kullan\u0131lan her dil ve alfabede \u2013Ermenice, Rumca, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Frans\u0131zca, \u0130ngilizce ve Ladino\u2013 yay\u0131nlar basan Tatigyan Matbaas\u0131 da kentin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yer tuttu.<\/p>\n

Mesrobyan Okulu \u00f6\u011frencilerinin sa\u011fdan soldan derledikleri Arabyan hurufatlar\u0131 ile evlerinde kurduklar\u0131 Badenagan (Gen\u00e7lik) Matbaas\u0131 da gen\u00e7lerin k\u00fclt\u00fcr hayat\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na i\u015faret ediyordu.<\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/a>
Sarkis Kazazian’a ait bir fatura<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1840-1922 tarihleri aras\u0131nda \u0130zmir\u2019de Ermenice edebi, siyasi, spor, m\u00fczik, mizah, ticari i\u00e7erikli 37 gazete ve dergi yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/p>\n

1832 tarihinde \u0130stanbul\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan ve saray\u0131n resmi gazetesi Takvim-i Vekayi\u2019nin Ermenice versiyonu olan Lro Kir\u00a0 (Haberler) dikkate al\u0131nmaz ise Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesinde yay\u0131mlanan ilk Ermenice gazete, 1840-1887 tarihleri aras\u0131nda \u0130zmir\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan Ar\u015faluys Araradyan\u2019d\u0131r. Amerikan Protestan misyonerleri taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan I\u015fdemeran Bidani Kidalyats (Yararl\u0131 Bilgiler Ambar\u0131), 1839\u2019da \u0130zmir\u2019de ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na 1915\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019da son verir. 1843-1846 aras\u0131nda ise siyasi, felsefi ve ticari Hayrenaser (Yurtsever) gazetesi yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dedeyan Karde\u015fler matbaalar\u0131, yay\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131 kitap ve gazetelerle \u0130zmir bas\u0131n yay\u0131n hayat\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir yer tutar. 1853-1856\u2019da Harutyun ve Garabet Dedeyan Karde\u015flerin Arpi Araradyan (A\u011fr\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015fi),\u00a0 1860-1862 Miyutyun (Birlik) gazeteleri yay\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Krikor \u00c7ilingiryan ve\u00a0 A. Hayguni\u2019nin (\u00c7izmeciyan) Ermeni Milli Anayasas\u0131\/Nizamnamesi\u2019nin uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele eden, e\u011fitim, \u00f6\u011fretim, tiyatro ve bas\u0131n\u0131n rol\u00fc ve Ermeni kimli\u011finin korunmas\u0131 ve kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sorununu ele alan Dza\u011fig (\u00c7i\u00e7ek) gazetesi 1861\u2019de yay\u0131na ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1865\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nan gazete, 1867\u2019de tekrar \u0130zmir\u2019e d\u00f6ner ancak yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na son vermek zorunda kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
ERMEN\u0130 H. Nakachian-\u0130zmir<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1862\u2019de edebiyat, sanat, bilim dergisi Haverjahars (Sonsuz Ya\u015fam Tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131), 1868-1869\u2019de Sarkis Mirza Vanantetsi\u2019nin \u0130ravunk (Hak); 1871-1909, 1919-1922 tarihlerinde siyasi, tarihi, ekonomik, felsefi ve di\u011fer konular\u0131 derinlemesine ele alan Arevelyan Mamul (Do\u011fu Bas\u0131n\u0131) gazeteleri yay\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 Ermenilerinin ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131 ve demokratik hareketlerinin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 konusunda Krikor M\u0131seryan\u2019\u0131n 1880-1881\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan \u00fcnl\u00fc dergisi Medeora (Meteor), k\u0131sa yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar.<\/p>\n

1907-1908\u2019de \u0130zmir Ruhani \u00f6nderi Ye\u011fi\u015fe Turyan\u2019\u0131n daveti ile \u0130zmir\u2019e yerle\u015fen Vahan To\u015figyan ve Hayganu\u015f Mark \u00e7ifti, Parse\u011f Ke\u015fi\u015fyan\u2019\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc Ar\u015faluys (\u015eafak) ve\u00a0 Artzakank (Yank\u0131) gazetelerini yay\u0131mlama g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenir ve \u015fehrin yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na \u00f6nemli bir soluk getirirler.<\/p>\n

Bir \u2018\u00c7evirmenler Okulu\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dedeyan karde\u015fler, \u0130zmir Ermenilerinin tarihinde \u00f6nde gelen simalar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yer al\u0131yordu. Halk\u0131 e\u011fitmek, art\u0131k gittik\u00e7e anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 zor bir dil olan K\u0131rapar (Geleneksel Ermenice) yerine A\u015fkharapar\u2019\u0131 (Modern Ermenice) geli\u015ftirme konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulundular. \u0130zmir\u2019le \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen Dedeyan Karde\u015fler Matbaas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 130 roman ve tiyatro oyunu \u00e7evirisi yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Krikor \u00c7ilingiryan, Mesrob Nubaryan, Krikor M\u0131seryan, Garabed \u00dct\u00fcc\u00fcyan, Madteos Mamuryan gibi gen\u00e7lerden olu\u015fan grup adeta bir \u2018\u00e7evirmenler okulu\u2019 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu ekip, La Fontaine, Victor Hugo, Lamartine, Alexandre Dumas, Eug\u00e8ne Sue, Jules Verne, Moli\u00e8re, Racine\u2019den yap\u0131lan \u00e7evirileri okurlarla bulu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir ad\u0131 ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen ikinci matbaa ise Madteos Mamuryan Matbaas\u0131 oldu. Bu matbaa sadece Ermeni bas\u0131n yay\u0131n tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil, 1871\u2019de aral\u0131ks\u0131z otuz y\u0131l devam eden Arevelyan Mamul (Do\u011fu Bas\u0131n\u0131) mecmuas\u0131 ve yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserlerle Ermeni ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemlidir. Mamuryan matbaas\u0131 pek \u00e7ok Ermenice ders kitab\u0131 yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Bat\u0131 klasiklerinin Ermeniceye \u00e7evrilmesine \u00f6nayak oldu. 1883\u2019te kurulan matbaada 200\u2019den fazla eser bas\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir\u2019i kim yakt\u0131: Morning Post gazetesinin tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Resmi s\u00f6yleme g\u00f6re \u0130zmir, Ermeniler ve Rumlar taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu anlat\u0131ya g\u00f6re, yang\u0131n, \u201cBir Ermeni evinde \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131n\u0131n kiliseye s\u0131\u00e7ramas\u0131 ve kilisede bulunan t\u00fcfek mermilerinin ate\u015f almas\u0131yla yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece, \u201cErmeni, kilise ve mermi\u201d kal\u0131b\u0131 \u0130zmir yang\u0131n\u0131 arkaplan\u0131na da oturtularak, mevcut \u00f6nyarg\u0131lardan beslenen bir fail yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiliz Morning Post gazetesi \u0130zmir muhabirinin, kentin \u00e7okk\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 sonland\u0131ran yang\u0131n ile ilgili tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130zmir\u2019in son g\u00fcnlerine dair \u00f6nemli bilgiler sunar. \u0130stanbul\u2019da Ermenice Cagadamard (Muharebe) gazetesi, 22 Eyl\u00fcl 1922 \u00c7ar\u015famba tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda bu tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 terc\u00fcme ederek okurlar\u0131na duyurur. Oradan aktar\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Tan\u0131klar \u0130zmir Yang\u0131n\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ne diyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cBuradaki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fkili bilgiler nedeniyle \u0130zmir\u2019deki trajik durumu size bildirmekten geri durmu\u015ftum. Ancak \u015fu an \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u0130ngiliz, Rum ve di\u011fer ileri gelenlerin anlatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak dinledim ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bu bilgileri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma olana\u011f\u0131m oldu. \u00c7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131m sonuca g\u00f6re, \u015fehir \u2018ba\u015f\u0131bozuklar\u2019 taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131ld\u0131 ve askeri idare de buna a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6z yumdu.<\/p>\n

D\u00fczenli askerlerin \u0130zmir\u2019e ilk giri\u015finden sonra, Kemalist temsilciler \u015fehri zapt etmek i\u00e7in herhangi bir kararl\u0131 giri\u015fimde bulunmad\u0131. Hapishaneler bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131, \u201cba\u015f\u0131bozuklar\u201d malum ama\u00e7larla \u0130zmir\u2019i doldurdu. Ya\u011fma, Ermeni mahallesinden ba\u015flad\u0131 ve alev onu takip etti. \u0130ngiliz ve di\u011fer tan\u0131klar, ate\u015fi yayanlar aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrk askerleri de g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini ifade ettiler.<\/p>\n

Yang\u0131n hakk\u0131nda iki t\u00fcrl\u00fc yorum var. Baz\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere g\u00f6re, Kemalistler art\u0131k \u0130zmir\u2019in tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z bir \u015fekilde T\u00fcrk \u015fehrine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini, bunun en kestirme yolunun da bu ticari b\u00f6lgeyi, binalar\u0131 y\u0131kmak oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. Di\u011ferleri ise, askerlerin \u2018ba\u015f\u0131bozuklar\u2019\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcllendirmek i\u00e7in ya\u011fman\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yorumunu yap\u0131yor.\u201d<\/p>\n

zakaryamil@gmail.com<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/haber.php?seo=gvur-izmirin-ermenileri&haberid=3414<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ZAKARYA M\u0130LDANO\u011eLU \u0130zmir\u2019e ilk gelen Ermeniler, Kadifekale semtinde, \u015fehrin amfi tiyatrosunun yukar\u0131s\u0131nda, sonraki T\u00fcrk mahallesine yak\u0131n bir alanda yerle\u015ferek bir \u015fapel ve mezarl\u0131k kurdular. 1500\u2019lere do\u011fru bu tepelerden ayr\u0131lan Ermeniler, kentin merkezine, Kervan K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na yerle\u015fip bir Ermeni Mahallesi kurdular. Buras\u0131 ileriki tarihlerde Haynots (Ermenilerin Yeri) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00fcnl\u00fc Ermeni Mahallesi olacakt\u0131. Y\u00fczbinlerce insan topyek\u00fbn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":20353,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,66,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-izmir","category-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\n\u2018G\u00e2vur \u0130zmir\u2019in Ermenileri - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/12\/01\/gavur-izmirin-ermenileri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018G\u00e2vur \u0130zmir\u2019in Ermenileri - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"ZAKARYA M\u0130LDANO\u011eLU \u0130zmir\u2019e ilk gelen Ermeniler, Kadifekale semtinde, \u015fehrin amfi tiyatrosunun yukar\u0131s\u0131nda, sonraki T\u00fcrk mahallesine yak\u0131n bir alanda yerle\u015ferek bir \u015fapel ve mezarl\u0131k kurdular. 1500\u2019lere do\u011fru bu tepelerden ayr\u0131lan Ermeniler, kentin merkezine, Kervan K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na yerle\u015fip bir Ermeni Mahallesi kurdular. Buras\u0131 ileriki tarihlerde Haynots (Ermenilerin Yeri) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00fcnl\u00fc Ermeni Mahallesi olacakt\u0131. 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