{"id":20044,"date":"2012-11-16T06:11:10","date_gmt":"2012-11-16T11:11:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=20044"},"modified":"2012-11-16T06:11:10","modified_gmt":"2012-11-16T11:11:10","slug":"resmi-tarihi-sinifta-birakan-10-curuk-tez","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/11\/16\/resmi-tarihi-sinifta-birakan-10-curuk-tez\/","title":{"rendered":"Resmi tarihi s\u0131n\u0131fta b\u0131rakan 10 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck tez"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>MEHMET POLATEL<\/strong><\/p>\n

NAZ\u0130FE KOSUKO\u011eLU<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fransa\u2019da kabul edilen Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ink\u00e2r\u0131na cezayi m\u00fceyyide \u00f6ng\u00f6ren yasayla birlikte resmi tarih tezinin 1915 masallar\u0131 medya ve kamuoyunda yeniden g\u00fcndeme geldi. 1915 ile ilgili \u2018resmi iddialar\u0131\u2019 10 ba\u015fl\u0131kta toplad\u0131k. Her iddiay\u0131, tarihsel veriler e\u015fli\u011finde de\u011ferlendirdik. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7 resmi tarih savunucular\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan vahim: Bu \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck tezlere dayal\u0131 resmi anlay\u0131\u015fla T\u00fcrkiye uluslararas\u0131 alanda kimseye hi\u00e7bir \u015fey anlatamaz. Kald\u0131 ki T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de art\u0131k \u201cBu masallara karn\u0131m\u0131z tok\u201d diyenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 giderek art\u0131yor. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Televizyon kanallar\u0131nda ya da gazete k\u00f6\u015felerinde Fransa\u2019ya \u00f6fke kusan resmi tarih savunucular\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131r kamuoyunun art\u0131k ezberledi\u011fi iddialar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcm\u00fcze boca etmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar. \u0130fade edenin tarz\u0131na ve \u00fcslubuna g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 \u015fekiller al\u0131yor olsa da resmi tarihin 1915 Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili temel iddialar\u0131n\u0131 10 ba\u015fl\u0131kta toplad\u0131k. Her iddiay\u0131, \u00fcst\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir tart\u0131\u015fma ya da \u015f\u00fcphe olmayan tarihsel veriler e\u015fli\u011finde de\u011ferlendirdik. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sonuca bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri yetkililerine na\u00e7izane bir tavsiyemiz var: Bu resmi tarih tezlerine g\u00fcvenip uluslararas\u0131 tarih komisyonu filan kurmaya kalk\u0131p da kendinizi d\u00fcnyaya g\u00fcld\u00fcrmeyin.<\/p>\n

\u2018\u0130syan ve ihanet\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 devleti \u2018tehcir\u2019 karar\u0131 ald\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ermeniler devlete kar\u015f\u0131 isyan edip, d\u00fc\u015fman devletlere yard\u0131m ettiler.<\/p>\n

Bu iddiaya g\u00f6re, imparatorlu\u011fun d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda ayaklanan Ermeniler, \u0130tilaf Devletleri\u2019nin saflar\u0131na ge\u00e7mek suretiyle Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 s\u0131rt\u0131ndan han\u00e7erlediler. D\u00f6rt taraf\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanlarla sar\u0131lan Osmanl\u0131 devleti, \u201cHainleri sava\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinden uza\u011fa naklederek\u201d her devletin yapmas\u0131 gerekeni yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u2018\u0130syan ve ihanet\u2019 arg\u00fcman\u0131 hakk\u0131nda siyaset felsefesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan pek \u00e7ok \u015fey s\u00f6ylenebilir elbette ama tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu iddian\u0131n dayana\u011f\u0131 yok. S\u00f6z konusu \u2018isyan\u2019lara \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck yapt\u0131klar\u0131 iddia edilen Ermeni \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda ald\u0131klar\u0131 kararlara, uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 siyasetlere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu apa\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat ve Terakki H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 vermesinin hemen ard\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019da toplanan Ermeni Milli Meclisi, Ermenilerin sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetine sad\u0131k kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve askeri ihtiya\u00e7lar da dahil olmak \u00fczere devletin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131na imtina etmeden ko\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti.<\/p>\n

Resmi tarihte ad\u0131 \u2018ihanet\u2019le e\u015fanlaml\u0131 kullan\u0131lan Ta\u015fnaktsutyun ise 12-14 A\u011fustos 1914 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Erzurum\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen 8. Kongresi\u2019nde Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerinin sava\u015fta kendi devletlerinin yan\u0131nda yer alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n

21 A\u011fustos 1914 tarihinde d\u00fczenlenen H\u0131n\u00e7ak Partisi\u2019nin 3. Kongresi de herhangi bir isyan \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapmad\u0131. Tam tersine H\u0131n\u00e7ak \u00fcyeleri sava\u015f\u0131n \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7arak \u00fclkeyi sarsabilece\u011fini, Ermenilerin durumunu k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirebilece\u011fini savunarak, sava\u015f ortam\u0131ndan duyduklar\u0131 rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihe not d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler.<\/p>\n

\u0130syan arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131, resmi tarih tezince D\u00f6rtyol ve Zeytun civar\u0131nda \u015eubat 1915\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarla \u00f6rneklendiriliyor. Bu olaylara ili\u015fkin belgeler incelendi\u011finde, bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131 jandarmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda cereyan eden \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu olaylar, zaman\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 idarecileri taraf\u0131ndan dahi \u2018genel bir isyan haliyle\u2019 alakas\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. Bu noktada, b\u00f6lgedeki asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n sadece Ermenilerden olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, farkl\u0131 etnik-dinsel gruplardan ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n jandarmayla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya girdiklerini de unutmayal\u0131m. B\u00f6lgedeki Ermeni k\u00f6yl\u00fcler ayaklanmak bir yana, bu ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n teslim olmalar\u0131 konusunda arabuluculuk yaparak devlete yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyorlard\u0131. Buna ra\u011fmen ilk s\u00fcrg\u00fcn bu b\u00f6lgede ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u2018Tehcirin nedeni Van isyan\u0131d\u0131r\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Van\u2019da kitlesel bir Ermeni isyan\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Sava\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet tehcirden ba\u015fka acil bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Evet, di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerin aksine Van\u2019da Ermeniler ger\u00e7ekten ayakland\u0131lar. \u00d6te yandan, Van\u2019daki ayaklanmalar soyk\u0131r\u0131m karar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan ve uygulamaya sokulmas\u0131ndan sonra ba\u015flad\u0131. Ayaklanman\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ve ayaklanma s\u0131ras\u0131nda Van valisi Cevdet Bey\u2019in b\u00f6lge halk\u0131na \u00e7ektirdi\u011fi zulm\u00fcn ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 hem Osmanl\u0131 belgelerinde, hem de resmi tarih anlat\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7indeki kitaplarda bulunabilir.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6nemin Erzurum valisi Tahsin Bey durumu \u201cVan\u2019da ihtilal olmazd\u0131 ve olamazd\u0131. Kendimiz zorlaya zorlaya \u015fu i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z karga\u015fal\u0131\u011f\u0131 meydana getirdik ve \u015eark\u2019ta orduyu m\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcl duruma soktuk\u201d s\u00f6zleriyle ifade ediyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130syan arg\u00fcman\u0131nda dikkati \u00e7eken bir di\u011fer nokta, Ermenilerin g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc birlikler olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere Rus ordusuna kat\u0131larak Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 arkadan han\u00e7erledikleri iddias\u0131d\u0131r. Bu iddiay\u0131 savunanlar g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc birliklerin Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmayan Kafkas Ermenilerince kurulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini \u00f6zenle g\u00f6zlerden ka\u00e7\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Kafkasya Ermenileri Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 \u2018arkadan vurmu\u015f\u2019 olamazlar, zira onlar Osmanl\u0131 de\u011fil Rus vatanda\u015f\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u2018Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ba\u015fka tehcir ba\u015fka\u2019<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

Soyk\u0131r\u0131m de\u011fil, tehcir karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131. Tehcir sava\u015f b\u00f6lgesiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc tedbire ra\u011fmen do\u011fal ko\u015fullardan ya da \u00e7etelerin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan \u00f6l\u00fcmler ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Resmi tarih anlat\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fcz binlerce insan\u0131 \u2018nakliye zaiyat\u0131\u2019 olarak tan\u0131mlamakta sak\u0131nca g\u00f6rmez. \u00dcst\u00fcne \u00fcstl\u00fck, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sava\u015f heng\u00e2mesinin ortas\u0131nda dahi tehcir s\u00fcrecini titizlikle y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, kafileleri korumakla g\u00f6revli birimler g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fini iddia eder. Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerinde bulunan belgeler ise bamba\u015fka bir tarihsel ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe i\u015faret ediyor. Bu belgelerde Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yollar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda defalarca bilgilendirildi\u011fi, kafilelere yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131lardan ve meydana gelen \u00f6l\u00fcmlerden haberli oldu\u011fu ve hi\u00e7bir \u00f6nlem almadan s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlere devam etti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u201cTehcir\u201d karar\u0131n\u0131 insani duyarl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 sebebiyle uygulamak istemeyen vali, mutasarr\u0131f ve kaymakamlar\u0131n \u00f6nerileri dikkate al\u0131nmad\u0131. Bu insani duru\u015fta \u0131srar eden devlet g\u00f6revlileri g\u00f6revlerinden al\u0131nd\u0131, k\u0131za\u011fa \u00e7ekildi ya da Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fczenledi\u011fi cinayetlere kurban gittiler. \u201cBir \u2018sevk\u2019 talimatnamesini uygulamamak i\u00e7in hangi idareci can\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyar?\u201d sorusu, resmi tarih anlat\u0131s\u0131nda cevap bulmak bir yana, dikkate dahi al\u0131nm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Resmi tarih anlat\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re, bu sevk karar\u0131 imparatorluk i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik tehdidi olu\u015fturan Ermenilerin Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tehdit etmeyecekleri bir b\u00f6lgeye s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmeleri i\u00e7in al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6te yandan, Ermeniler bir yabanc\u0131 devletle asgari seviyede ileti\u015fimde bulunabilecekleri, Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya \u2018h\u0131yanet\u2019 etme kapasitelerinin en az oldu\u011fu, Kayseri, Eski\u015fehir gibi b\u00f6lgelerden dahi s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdir. S\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckleri Suriye b\u00f6lgesi asl\u0131nda Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r kendilerine m\u00fcdahale alan\u0131 yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131, sava\u015f\u0131n ve emperyal oyunlar\u0131n tam g\u00f6be\u011finde bir b\u00f6lgedir. Der Zor\u2019un nas\u0131l bir stratejik analizle Kayseri\u2019den, Mu\u011fla\u2019dan, Kastamonu\u2019dan daha g\u00fcvenli, d\u0131\u015f \u00e7evreye daha kapal\u0131 say\u0131labilece\u011fi resmi tarih anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u2018\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclememi\u015f gizemlerinden\u2019 biridir. Bu da meselenin bu politikalar\u0131n bir g\u00fcvenlik tedbiri olarak \u201ctehcir\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

\u2018K\u00f6t\u00fc muamele cezas\u0131z kalmad\u0131\u2019 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Tehcir edilen Ermenilere k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele edenler devlet taraf\u0131ndan cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Resmi tarih anlat\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re Talat Pa\u015fa tehcirde suiistimalleri olan ki\u015filerin yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131nda bizzat \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck ederek, idamlar\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, bu yarg\u0131lamalar devletin soyk\u0131r\u0131m karar\u0131 almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131 g\u00f6revlileri Divan-\u0131 Harb-i \u00d6rfi yoluyla soru\u015fturdu\u011fu, yarg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 idam ettirdi\u011fi do\u011frudur ama yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n hi\u00e7birinin nedeni i\u015fledikleri cinayetler ya da yapt\u0131klar\u0131 katliamlar de\u011fildir. Bu soru\u015fturmalarda hedef al\u0131nan kitle yolsuzluk yapanlard\u0131r. Devlet, tehcir karar\u0131yla birlikte Ermenilerin geride b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 mallar\u0131n devletin kontrol\u00fcnde oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir. Al\u0131nan karara g\u00f6re, b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fclkler komisyonlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nacak ve bizzat devlet taraf\u0131ndan idare edilecekti.<\/p>\n

Devlet bu m\u00fclklerin \u00f6zel ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek \u00fczere devlet memurlar\u0131n\u0131n Ermenilere ait mallara el koymalar\u0131na yasak getirmi\u015fti. Buna ra\u011fmen, pek \u00e7ok yerel idareci ve memur Ermenilerin mallar\u0131n\u0131 zimmetlerine ge\u00e7irdiler. Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti mallar\u0131 kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda kullanmak istedi\u011fi i\u00e7in mallar\u0131n kontrol\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda suiistimalleri olanlar\u0131 ve mallar\u0131 ya\u011fmalayanlar\u0131 yarg\u0131lad\u0131. Bu yarg\u0131lamalar i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 soru\u015fturma komisyonu olu\u015fturuldu.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131lamalar esnas\u0131nda katliamlarla ilgili sorular g\u00fcndeme getirilmedi. Yaln\u0131zca ya\u011fma ve zimmete ge\u00e7irilen mallarla ilgili sorular soruldu. Bu soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n raporlar\u0131ndan birinde, g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc cinayetleri anlatan bir \u015fahidin komisyon ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan azarland\u0131\u011f\u0131, sadece yolsuzlukla ilgili sorulan soruya cevap verilmesinin istendi\u011fi ve \u0131srarla cinayetlerden bahsetti\u011fi i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kay\u0131t edildi.<\/p>\n

Bu yarg\u0131lamalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00c7erkez Ahmet ve Yakup Cemil gibi baz\u0131 Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa \u00fcyeleri de idama mahk\u00fbm edildi. Fakat bunlar\u0131n idam edilmelerinin gerek\u00e7esi Ermenileri katletmeleri ve e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 gasp etmeleri de\u011fildi. \u00c7erkez Ahmet ile ilgili olarak Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Cemal Pa\u015fa\u2019ya \u00e7ekti\u011fi telgrafta \u201cKendisinin imhas\u0131 her hal\u00fck\u00e2rda gereklidir. Aksi takdirde ileride \u00e7ok zararl\u0131 olabilir\u201d deniyor. Yakup Cemil\u2019in idam edilme gerek\u00e7esi de \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 y\u00f6neticilere kar\u015f\u0131 darbe organize etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa i\u00e7erisinde yer alan \u00e7ete reislerinin gelecekte kendisi i\u00e7in tehdit olu\u015fturmalar\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bu yarg\u0131lamalar yoluyla ortadan kald\u0131rmak istedi.<\/p>\n

\u2018Devlet \u015fefkat elini uzatt\u0131\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 devleti tehcir edilenlere her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yard\u0131m\u0131 yapt\u0131, s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckleri yerlerde i\u015f bulmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nayak oldu.<\/p>\n

Bu iddiaya g\u00f6re Ermenilere maddi olarak ciddi yard\u0131mlar yap\u0131ld\u0131, kendilerine s\u00fcrg\u00fcn b\u00f6lgelerinde araziler verildi ve hatta el konulan mallar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f bedelleri kendilerine edildi. Bu teze kan\u0131t olarak tehcir talimatnamesi ve say\u0131s\u0131 bir elin parmaklar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7meyecek belge \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti s\u00fcr\u00fclen Ermenilere maddi a\u00e7\u0131dan yard\u0131m etmek bir yana, tehcirin maliyetini bile Ermenilerin geride b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 mallar \u00fczerinden, yani \u2018emval-i metruke b\u00fct\u00e7esi\u2019nden kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131. \u0130a\u015fe ve isk\u00e2ndan sorumlu \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Kaya, Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019ya Ermenilerin kitlesel olarak kendi s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerini finanse etmeleri fikrini \u00f6nerdi. Talat Pa\u015fa da Ekim 1915\u2019te bu \u00f6neriyi onaylad\u0131. \u00d6te yandan, Ermeniler s\u00fcrg\u00fcn s\u0131ras\u0131nda r\u00fc\u015fvet vermekten ve gasp edilmekten dolay\u0131 mali a\u00e7\u0131dan t\u00fckendiler. Bu nedenle, \u0130ttihat Terakki y\u00f6netimi, finansman politikas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi ve tehciri emval-i metruke arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla finanse etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 devletinin Ermeni m\u00fclklerini idare etme bi\u00e7imi, Ermenilere ait mallar\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f bedellerinin sahiplerine iade edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131n\u0131n temelsizli\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. Devlet bu m\u00fclklerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131, kap\u0131\u015f kap\u0131\u015f kap\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak fiyatlarla \u015faibeli a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rmalarla sat\u0131\u015fa sundu. \u00d6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ise devletin kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131, orduya giysi ve ia\u015fe temin edilmesi, muhacirlerin isk\u00e2n edilmesi gibi ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Devlet idarecilerinden s\u0131radan halka kadar geni\u015f bir kesim s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fclkleri ya\u011fmalay\u0131p gasp etti. Bu tarihsel bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin s\u00fcrg\u00fcn etti\u011fi Ermenileri ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011fratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ink\u00e2r edilemez.<\/p>\n

\u2018\u00d6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 abart\u0131l\u0131yor\u2019<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tehcir edilenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 500 bindir. 200 bin kadar \u00f6l\u00fcm vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tehcir edilenlerin ve insani kayb\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 az g\u00f6sterme e\u011filimi Murat Bardak\u00e7\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Evrak-\u0131 Metrukesi\u2019ni yay\u0131mlamas\u0131yla sekteye u\u011frad\u0131, zira Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019ya g\u00f6re tehcir edilen Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131 resmi tarih anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00fczerindedir. Talat Pa\u015fa tehcir s\u0131ras\u0131nda vilayetlere telgraflar \u00e7ekerek, vilayetlerden ne kadar Ermeni\u2019nin s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve ne kadar Ermeni\u2019nin kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgileri iletmelerini istedi. Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n listesine g\u00f6re tehcir edilen Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131 924 bin 158\u2019dir. Bu listede \u0130stanbul, Van, Antalya, Eski\u015fehir ve Urfa gibi Ermenilerin tehcire u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 vilayetlerin eksik oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse, bu say\u0131n\u0131n daha da y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 beklenebilir.<\/p>\n

Resmi tarih anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n baz ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 500 bin rakam\u0131, Suriye \u00e7\u00f6llerindeki kamplara ula\u015fabilen Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bu belgelerin sava\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6nemli ar\u015fiv belgelerinin yok edildi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tehcirle ilgili kesin say\u0131lara ula\u015fman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. B\u00f6yle bir \u00e7abaya giri\u015fmenin ne denli manidar oldu\u011fu da ayr\u0131ca sorgulanabilir. \u00d6te yandan, Talat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n kara kapl\u0131 defteri temel al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dahi 400 binden fazla Ermeni\u2019nin s\u00fcrg\u00fcn b\u00f6lgesine ula\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2018Tehcir sava\u015f b\u00f6lgeleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131\u2019 <\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tehcir karar\u0131 May\u0131s ay\u0131nda uygulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131, ilk olarak sava\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinde uyguland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk tehcir karar\u0131 May\u0131s de\u011fil, \u015eubat ay\u0131nda uygulamaya konuldu. Zeytun ve D\u00f6rtyol b\u00f6lgelerindeki Ermeniler asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131yla m\u00fccadele bahane edilerek i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelere s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler. Bu uygulaman\u0131n ilk etab\u0131nda D\u00f6rtyol civar\u0131ndaki Ermeniler Konya\u2019ya tehcir edildi. 8 Nisan 1915 tarihiyle birlikte Zeytun ve Mara\u015f\u2019taki Ermeniler de i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelere s\u00fcr\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Tehcirin birinci safhas\u0131ndaki bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin ge\u00e7ici sava\u015f tedbirleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nisan ay\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda Ermenilerden bo\u015falan yerlere M\u00fcsl\u00fcman muhacirlerin yerle\u015ftirilmesinden anla\u015f\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Haziran 1915\u2019te n\u00fcfusu M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan Zeytun\u2019un ad\u0131 da S\u00fcleymanl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. S\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin aylar \u00f6ncesinden ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir di\u011fer kan\u0131t\u0131 da 31 May\u0131s 1915 tarihinde kabul edilen Meclis-i V\u00fckela karar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kararda tehcir uygulamas\u0131ndan bahsedilirken \u201cnakl-\u00fc iskan\u0131na m\u00fcba\u015feret ve devam edilmekde\u201d deniyor, yani bu tarih itibariyle tehcir uygulamas\u0131na zaten ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tarihsel belgeler incelendi\u011finde tehcir yasas\u0131n\u0131n uygulaman\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sonra ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Tehcirin kanunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerle ilgili haberlere tepki vermeye ba\u015flamalar\u0131, hatta Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6neticilerinin ya\u015fanan k\u0131r\u0131mlardan sorumlu tutulaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin notalar vermeye ba\u015flamalar\u0131ndan sonra oldu. Bu tepkiler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Talat Pa\u015fa hali haz\u0131rda devam eden bu uygulamaya yasal bir k\u0131l\u0131f uydurma \u00e7abas\u0131na girdi ve olaylar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu kendi \u00fczerinden atarak bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet meselesi haline getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u2018Ermeniler rahat edecekleri bir yere g\u00f6nderildi\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermeniler \u00e7\u00f6le de\u011fil, imparatorluk co\u011frafyas\u0131 dahilinde\u00a0 olan Suriye\u2019nin yerle\u015fime elveri\u015fli bir b\u00f6lgesine, verimli topraklara g\u00f6nderildi<\/p>\n

Der Zor\u2019un yerle\u015fime elveri\u015fsiz \u00e7\u00f6l niteli\u011finde bir b\u00f6lge oldu\u011funu Osmanl\u0131 idarecilerinin de bildi\u011fi, Osmanl\u0131 ar\u015fivinde bulunan \u00e7e\u015fitli belge ve raporlardan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti \u00e7e\u015fitli co\u011frafyalardan s\u00fcr\u00fclen ya da g\u00f6\u00e7 eden M\u00fcsl\u00fcman muhacirleri isk\u00e2n etme sorunuyla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yayd\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 idarecileri bu muhacirlerden bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Der Zor b\u00f6lgesinde iskan edilip edilemeyece\u011fini soru\u015fturmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Eski Der Zor mutasarr\u0131f\u0131 L\u00fctfi Bey b\u00f6lgenin isk\u00e2na elveri\u015fli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten bir rapor haz\u0131rlad\u0131. \u00c7\u00f6l niteli\u011findeki b\u00f6lgelerin yerle\u015fime elveri\u015fsizli\u011finin Osmanl\u0131 idarecileri i\u00e7in ne kadar g\u00fcndelik bir bilgi oldu\u011fu mecliste ya\u015fanan tart\u0131\u015fmalardan da anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman muhacirlerin Ege ve Trakya b\u00f6lgesindeki Rum k\u00f6ylerine yerle\u015ftirilmesini ele\u015ftiren mebus Eman\u00fcelidi Efendi, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar\u2019dan Basra\u2019ya kadar bo\u015f bir s\u00fcr\u00fc arazi oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015f ve muhacirlerin buraya yerle\u015ftirilmesini \u00f6nermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Talat Pa\u015fa bu \u00f6neriyle \u00a0ili\u015fkili olarak \u201cBu muhacirleri dedikleri gibi oralara g\u00f6nderip \u00e7\u00f6llere serpecek olsayd\u0131k oralarda c\u00fcmlesi a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lecekti\u201d diyerek \u00e7\u00f6l b\u00f6lgelerinin isk\u00e2n i\u00e7in ne derece uygunsuz oldu\u011funu itiraf etmi\u015fti. Ayn\u0131 Talat Pa\u015fa 10 ay sonra Ermenilerin Der Zor\u2019a s\u00fcr\u00fclmesine bizzat karar verdi.<\/p>\n

\u201824 Nisan kurbanlar\u0131 masum de\u011fildi\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

24 Nisan 1915\u2019te tutuklanan Ermeni ayd\u0131nlar toplumu isyana te\u015fvik eden komitac\u0131lard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu iddiada s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen 240 ki\u015fi, Ermeni ileri gelenlerine kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenen bir operasyonla tutukland\u0131lar. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde say\u0131lar\u0131 2345\u2019e ula\u015fan tutuklamalarla Ermeni mebuslardan \u015fairlere Ermeni toplumunun deyim yerindeyse \u2018beyni\u2019 hedef al\u0131nd\u0131. Bu ki\u015filer tutuklanmalar\u0131n\u0131 takiben Aya\u015f ve \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131\u2019ya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler. Haklar\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir yarg\u0131sal s\u00fcre\u00e7 ba\u015flat\u0131lmayan tutuklulardan 761\u2019i \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. \u0130lk etapta tutuklananlar aras\u0131nda II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan\u0131ndan itibaren \u0130ttihat Terakki ile \u00e7e\u015fitli ittifaklar yapan ve yasal parti stat\u00fcs\u00fcndeki Ta\u015fnaktsutyun ve H\u0131n\u00e7ak partilerinin \u00fcyeleri de vard\u0131. Fakat tutuklanan ki\u015filerin hepsi bu \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin \u00fcyesi de\u011fildi. Baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir \u00f6rg\u00fctle ili\u015fkisi yoktu. Bu kitlesel tutuklamalar\u0131n hedefinde Ermeni toplumuna y\u00f6nelik imha politikas\u0131n\u0131n onlar taraf\u0131ndan uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyuna aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n

\u2018\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde yarg\u0131lan\u0131p akland\u0131\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar Malta s\u00fcreci ile soyk\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7undan uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde aklanm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Bu iddian\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi amac\u0131yla Yahudi Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019nda rol\u00fc olanlar\u0131n yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 N\u00fcrnberg mahkemeleri ile Malta \u2018yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131\u2019 e\u015f tutuluyor. Oysa Malta yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n\u0131n seyri bu iddiay\u0131 daha ilk bak\u0131\u015fta \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bitiminden sonra toplanan Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131\u2019nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin \u0131srar\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki sava\u015f su\u00e7lular\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131na sava\u015f\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019da ba\u015fland\u0131. Yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcreci Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin kendisi taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu kapsamda, baz\u0131 \u0130ttihat Terakki y\u00f6neticileri ve yerel idareciler, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin sava\u015fa sokulmas\u0131, tehcir s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ermenilerin k\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi su\u00e7larla tutukland\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 esnas\u0131nda, \u0130ngiltere, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 hakkaniyetle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremeyece\u011fini ve tutuklanan ki\u015filerin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor ve s\u00f6z konusu su\u00e7larla ili\u015fkilendirilen ki\u015filerin Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu. \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin bu y\u00f6ndeki teklifi m\u00fcttefik g\u00fc\u00e7lerce kabul g\u00f6rmedi, \u00f6zellikle Fransa bu teklife \u00e7ok sert tepki g\u00f6sterdi. Fransa, bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalanmadan Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde su\u00e7 i\u015fleyenlerin Osmanl\u0131 mahkemelerinde yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kanaatindeydi. Bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u0130stanbul yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda Bo\u011fazl\u0131yan Kaymakam\u0131 Kemal Bey\u2019in idam edilmesine karar verildi ve infaz\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Bunun \u00fczerine, T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7isi bir grup idam\u0131 protesto etti. Bu protesto sonras\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere b\u00fct\u00fcn tutuklular\u0131n serbest kalabilece\u011fi ihtimalini gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek baz\u0131 tutuklular\u0131n Malta\u2019ya s\u00fcr\u00fclmesine karar verdi. Bu karar m\u00fcttefik g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan tepkiyle kar\u015f\u0131lansa da, \u0130ngiltere tutsaklar\u0131n ka\u00e7mas\u0131na m\u00fcsait bir ortam oldu\u011funda \u0131srar etti ve bu ki\u015filerin gelecekte m\u00fcttefiklerin ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kurulacak bir mahkemede yarg\u0131lan\u0131ncaya de\u011fin Malta\u2019da \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin g\u00f6zetiminde tutulacaklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiltere 240 ki\u015fiyi sava\u015fla ili\u015fkili su\u00e7lardan m\u00fcttefiklerin kuraca\u011f\u0131 bir mahkemede yarg\u0131lamak istiyordu; bu ki\u015filerden 70\u2019i Malta\u2019da tutukluydu, di\u011ferleri ise aran\u0131yordu. \u0130ngiliz Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, A\u011fustos 1920\u2019de Malta\u2019daki tutuklular\u0131 tutuklanma gerek\u00e7elerini olu\u015fturan su\u00e7 iddialar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131fa ay\u0131rd\u0131: \u0130ngiliz sava\u015f tutsaklar\u0131na k\u00f6t\u00fc davrand\u0131klar\u0131 iddialar\u0131yla tutuklu bulunanlar; s\u00fcrg\u00fcn, ya\u011fma ve k\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7lar\u0131yla ili\u015fkili olarak tutuklu bulunanlar; m\u00fctarekeyi ihlal yoluyla siyasi su\u00e7 i\u015fledikleri iddias\u0131yla tutuklananlar. Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k, bu ki\u015filerden sadece birinci grupta olanlar\u0131n kendi yarg\u0131lama alan\u0131na girdi\u011fine, di\u011fer tutuklular\u0131n bar\u0131\u015f antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan m\u00fcttefiklerin ortak kuraca\u011f\u0131 mahkemelerce yarg\u0131lanmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fine karar verdi.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiltere, bir yandan Malta\u2019daki tutuklular\u0131n yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Paris\u2019te m\u00fcttefik devletleri ikna etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, bir yandan da Anadolu\u2019da bulunan 24 \u0130ngiliz sava\u015f esirini kurtarmak i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131ndaki siyasi otoriteler ile m\u00fczakere ediyordu. \u00d6nce \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile pazarl\u0131k edilmek istendi, Ankara ile m\u00fczakereler Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndaki geli\u015fmelere paralel olarak geli\u015fti. \u0130ki m\u00fczakere s\u00fcrecinin de amac\u0131 de\u011fi\u015f-toku\u015f yoluyla Anadolu\u2019daki \u0130ngiliz sava\u015f esirlerini kurtarmakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, \u0130ngiliz esirleri meselesi \u0130ngiltere H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ni i\u00e7 siyasette s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Parlamentoda bu konuya ili\u015fkin sert tart\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131l\u0131yor, h\u00fck\u00fcmet esirlerin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmalar\u0131 konusunda \u00fcst\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fen vazifeyi yerine getirmemekle itham ediliyordu.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiltere H\u00fck\u00fcmeti T\u00fcrk-Yunan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Kemalistler lehine ilerlemeye ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kayg\u0131lar ve i\u00e7 siyasetteki konumunun bu mesele y\u00fcz\u00fcnden zedelenmesi \u00fczerine esirler konusunda geri ad\u0131m att\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn tutsaklar\u0131 \u0130ngiliz esirlerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k serbest b\u0131rakmaya karar verdi. 30 Ekim 1921\u2019de 24 \u0130ngiliz esirine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130ngiltere g\u00f6zetimindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn Malta tutsaklar\u0131 serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130ngiliz esirlere zalimce davranmakla su\u00e7lanan tutuklular dahi bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te h\u00fcrriyetlerine kavu\u015ftular.<\/p>\n

Malta s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerine ili\u015fkin tarihsel veriler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Malta s\u00fcrecinin \u0130TC\u2019yi uluslararas\u0131 hukuk nezdinde aklayan bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Birincisi, Malta s\u00fcrecinin kendisi uluslararas\u0131 bir yarg\u0131lama zemini de\u011fil, \u0130ngiltere h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin -ba\u015fta Anadolu\u2019nun i\u015fgalini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak olmak \u00fczere- siyasi ama\u00e7larla meydana getirdi\u011fi politik bir mekanizmad\u0131r. \u0130kincisi, Malta s\u00fcrecinde ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131k k\u0131r\u0131m, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ve ya\u011fmadan su\u00e7lanarak tutuklananlara ili\u015fkin bir tek karar vermi\u015ftir; o da bu ki\u015filerin \u0130ngiliz mahkemelerince de\u011fil uluslararas\u0131 bir mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fidir. Yani, Malta s\u00fcrecinde bu ki\u015filere ili\u015fkin ne dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ne de haklar\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm verilmi\u015ftir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, ikinci gruptaki ki\u015filer hukuken k\u0131r\u0131m, ya\u011fma ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan beraat etmediler; bir esir takas\u0131 antla\u015fmas\u0131 uyar\u0131nca serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ak\u00e7am, Taner, \u201cErmeni Meselesi Hallolunmu\u015ftur\u201d: Osmanl\u0131 belgelerine g\u00f6re sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ermenilere y\u00f6nelik politikalar, \u0130stanbul: \u0130leti\u015fim, 2009.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ak\u00e7am, Taner, \u0130nsan haklar\u0131 ve Ermeni sorunu: \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019den Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’na, \u0130stanbul: \u0130leti\u015fim, 1999.<\/em><\/p>\n

Aktar, Ayhan, T\u00fcrk Milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi, Gayrim\u00fcslimler ve Ekonomik D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, \u0130stanbul: \u0130leti\u015fim, 2006<\/em><\/p>\n

Dadrian, Vahakn, The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus, Providence, RI: Berghahn Books, 1995.<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u00fcndar, Fuat, Modern T\u00fcrkiye’nin \u015fifresi: \u0130ttihat ve Terakki’nin etnisite m\u00fchendisli\u011fi, 1913-1918, \u0130stanbul: \u0130leti\u015fim, 2008.<\/em><\/p>\n

Kevorkian, Raymond H., Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n ikinci safhas\u0131: S\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilen Osmanl\u0131 Ermenilerinin Suriye-Mezopotamya toplama kamplar\u0131nda imha edilmeleri (1915-1916), \u0130stanbul: Belge, 2011.<\/em><\/p>\n

Minassian, Gaidz ve Avagyan, Arsen, Ermeniler ve \u0130ttihat Terakki: \u0130\u015fbirli\u011finden \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmaya, \u0130stanbul: Aras, 2005.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00dcng\u00f6r, U\u011fur \u00dc. ve Polatel, Mehmet, Confiscation and Destruction: The Young Turk Seizure of Armenian Properties, London: Continuum, 2011.<\/em><\/p>\n

Yeghiayan, Vartkes, Malta Belgeleri: \u0130ngiltere D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cT\u00fcrk Sava\u015f Su\u00e7lular\u0131\u201d Dosyas\u0131, \u0130stanbul: Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2007.<\/em><\/p>\n

mehmetpo@gmail.com<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

nazifekosuk@gmail.com<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/agos.com.tr\/haber.php?seo=resmi-tarihi-sinifta-birakan-10-curuk-tez&haberid=483<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

MEHMET POLATEL NAZ\u0130FE KOSUKO\u011eLU Fransa\u2019da kabul edilen Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ink\u00e2r\u0131na cezayi m\u00fceyyide \u00f6ng\u00f6ren yasayla birlikte resmi tarih tezinin 1915 masallar\u0131 medya ve kamuoyunda yeniden g\u00fcndeme geldi. 1915 ile ilgili \u2018resmi iddialar\u0131\u2019 10 ba\u015fl\u0131kta toplad\u0131k. Her iddiay\u0131, tarihsel veriler e\u015fli\u011finde de\u011ferlendirdik. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7 resmi tarih savunucular\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan vahim: Bu \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck tezlere dayal\u0131 resmi anlay\u0131\u015fla T\u00fcrkiye […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,14,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20044","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\nResmi tarihi s\u0131n\u0131fta b\u0131rakan 10 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck tez - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/11\/16\/resmi-tarihi-sinifta-birakan-10-curuk-tez\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Resmi tarihi s\u0131n\u0131fta b\u0131rakan 10 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck tez - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"MEHMET POLATEL NAZ\u0130FE KOSUKO\u011eLU Fransa\u2019da kabul edilen Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ink\u00e2r\u0131na cezayi m\u00fceyyide \u00f6ng\u00f6ren yasayla birlikte resmi tarih tezinin 1915 masallar\u0131 medya ve kamuoyunda yeniden g\u00fcndeme geldi. 1915 ile ilgili \u2018resmi iddialar\u0131\u2019 10 ba\u015fl\u0131kta toplad\u0131k. 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Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/11\/16\/resmi-tarihi-sinifta-birakan-10-curuk-tez\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Resmi tarihi s\u0131n\u0131fta b\u0131rakan 10 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck tez - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","og_description":"MEHMET POLATEL NAZ\u0130FE KOSUKO\u011eLU Fransa\u2019da kabul edilen Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ink\u00e2r\u0131na cezayi m\u00fceyyide \u00f6ng\u00f6ren yasayla birlikte resmi tarih tezinin 1915 masallar\u0131 medya ve kamuoyunda yeniden g\u00fcndeme geldi. 1915 ile ilgili \u2018resmi iddialar\u0131\u2019 10 ba\u015fl\u0131kta toplad\u0131k. Her iddiay\u0131, tarihsel veriler e\u015fli\u011finde de\u011ferlendirdik. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sonu\u00e7 resmi tarih savunucular\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan vahim: Bu \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck tezlere dayal\u0131 resmi anlay\u0131\u015fla T\u00fcrkiye […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/11\/16\/resmi-tarihi-sinifta-birakan-10-curuk-tez\/","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2012-11-16T11:11:10+00:00","author":"kalem","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"kalem","Est. reading time":"20 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/11\/16\/resmi-tarihi-sinifta-birakan-10-curuk-tez\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/11\/16\/resmi-tarihi-sinifta-birakan-10-curuk-tez\/"},"author":{"name":"kalem","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#\/schema\/person\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c"},"headline":"Resmi tarihi s\u0131n\u0131fta b\u0131rakan 10 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck tez","datePublished":"2012-11-16T11:11:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/11\/16\/resmi-tarihi-sinifta-birakan-10-curuk-tez\/"},"wordCount":4045,"commentCount":0,"articleSection":["Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131","Haberler","Makaleler"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/11\/16\/resmi-tarihi-sinifta-birakan-10-curuk-tez\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/11\/16\/resmi-tarihi-sinifta-birakan-10-curuk-tez\/","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/11\/16\/resmi-tarihi-sinifta-birakan-10-curuk-tez\/","name":"Resmi tarihi s\u0131n\u0131fta b\u0131rakan 10 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck tez - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#website"},"datePublished":"2012-11-16T11:11:10+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#\/schema\/person\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/11\/16\/resmi-tarihi-sinifta-birakan-10-curuk-tez\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/11\/16\/resmi-tarihi-sinifta-birakan-10-curuk-tez\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/11\/16\/resmi-tarihi-sinifta-birakan-10-curuk-tez\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Resmi tarihi s\u0131n\u0131fta b\u0131rakan 10 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck tez"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#\/schema\/person\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c","name":"kalem","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a06875e4b25feb5674296adf8e8a7ae1e587cebce2493fe63c456109967e27d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a06875e4b25feb5674296adf8e8a7ae1e587cebce2493fe63c456109967e27d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a06875e4b25feb5674296adf8e8a7ae1e587cebce2493fe63c456109967e27d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"kalem"},"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/author\/kalem\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20044","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20044"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20044\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20044"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}