{"id":18469,"date":"2012-09-24T01:23:19","date_gmt":"2012-09-24T06:23:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=18469"},"modified":"2012-09-24T01:23:19","modified_gmt":"2012-09-24T06:23:19","slug":"samsun-canik-surp-aziz-nigogayos-ermeni-kilisesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/09\/24\/samsun-canik-surp-aziz-nigogayos-ermeni-kilisesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Samsun – Canik Surp (Aziz) Nigo\u011fayos Ermeni Kilisesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Arda\u015fes S. \/H.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019da, tarih tan\u0131m\u0131yla K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya, Anatolia\u2019da, tehciri, k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131 ya\u015famam\u0131\u015f bir Ermeni yerle\u015fim yeri bulmak \u00e7ok zordur. Gerek\u00e7e, h\u0131yanet ! mi\u015f 2,5 milyon Ermeni de mi ihanet etti ? Topyek\u00fcn g\u00f6\u00e7, k\u0131y\u0131m neden?<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuk ya\u015fta anneannem, ailesiyle pammuk tarlas\u0131nda pammuk toplarken anne-babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne \u015fahit olurken, bu katliam\u0131n sebebi nedir? Pammuktan barut mu yapacaklard\u0131?<\/p>\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle yorumlarsak yan\u0131lg\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015feriz.<\/p>\n

\u00c7a\u011f\u0131n ak\u0131mlar\u0131na ayak uydurarak, her yurtta\u015f gibi, bir avu\u00e7 Ermeni de hak ve h\u00fcrriyet aramaktayd\u0131lar, T\u00fcrk arkada\u015flar\u0131yla \u2026 Ama gel g\u00f6rk ki istikballeri i\u015fte bu \u201carkada\u015flar\u0131\u201d, k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131klar\u0131 \u201cyardak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131\u201d (K\u00fcrt, \u00c7erkez \u2026) ve bunlara \u201cyol g\u00f6steren\u201d (Almanya) taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

Ink\u00e2r\u0131 zor Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin yollad\u0131\u011f\u0131 beyanatlar bir bir ar\u015fivlerden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cGittikleri\u201d yerden geri gelebilen yok ; arkalar\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r-ta\u015f\u0131nmaz varl\u0131klar\u0131 da talanm\u0131\u015f, harabeye d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f, yok olmu\u015f. \u00dc\u00e7 bine yak\u0131n kiliseden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ancak 34 kadar\u0131 ayakta durabilmi\u015fse, bu da \u201ci\u015fin mahiyetini\u201d ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Haz\u0131rl\u0131klar I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan Hristiyan n\u00fcfusu ve varl\u0131k mallar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. (1912-1913, Ermeni Patrikhanesi, Yerevan) (1)<\/p>\n

Me\u015fhur 6 vilayete dahil olmamakla birlikte, Samsun\u2019daki Ermeniler de kendilerine d\u00fc\u015fen \u201cpay\u0131\u201d alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ister Samsun, ister Canik, ister Amisos deyin burada bir tek Ermeni kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; can\u0131n\u0131 kurtarabilenler kendilerini Der Zor \u00e7\u00f6llerinde bulmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tarih notlar\u0131nda Samsun (\u054d\u0561\u0574\u057d\u0578\u0582\u0576) – (Canik) (\u054b\u0561\u0576\u056b\u056f)<\/p>\n

Samsun\u2019un tarihi M\u00d6 6. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar iner. Pseuod kavimler, Lydyal\u0131lar (2) Pers ve daha sonra Pontus-Ermeni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Mihridat\u2019\u0131n idare merkezi. Bizans d\u00f6neminde ise Armenia (Hayasa) idari b\u00f6lgesi (3) olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

16-17 ci y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminku\u015fkusuz hristiyanlar yerle\u015fik halklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu te\u015fkil etmekteydiler. (4) Osmanl\u0131 yetkilileri kamu y\u00f6netiminde, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki topraklarda bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman karakteri yaratmak ve yerel halk\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yacak bir idari b\u00f6l\u00fcnme sistemini kurmu\u015flar, asker\u00ee te\u015fkil\u00e2ttan idar\u00ee yap\u0131ya kadar say\u0131s\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1877-78 Rus-Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 m\u00fclteci ak\u0131n\u0131 asayi\u015f ve emniyet sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 da beraberinde getirir. 1880’li y\u0131llarda Canik Sanca\u011f\u0131 ve sancak merkezi Samsun n\u00fcfusu kozmopolitan bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Gen\u00e7 T\u00fcrkler ve Ittihad\u2019c\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bu idari de\u011fi\u015fimler b\u00f6lgeyi Ermeni ve Rumlardan ar\u0131nd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7lerle Hristiyan n\u00fcfusu azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, grupla\u015fmalar engellenmi\u015f, Islamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmalar, T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmeler kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (5)<\/p>\n

Canik ad\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde merkezi Samsun olan sanca\u011fa verilmi\u015ftir. Cumhuriyet tarihinde 2009 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar belde olan Canik, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda Samsun merkezden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve merkez il\u00e7e olmu\u015ftur. (Samsun\u2019un 4 merkez il\u00e7eleri : Ilkad\u0131m (Gazi ve Ye\u015filkent\u2019te dahil), Canik, Atakum, Kavak)<\/p>\n

Canik sanca\u011f\u0131nda, 1915 \u00f6ncesi 35.907 Ermeni 49 kilise ve 3.254 \u00f6\u011frenci ile 74 e\u011fitim kurumu payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken, Canik Merkez Il\u00e7esi\u2019nde \u00fc\u00e7 Ermeni kilisesi izine rastl\u0131yabildim : Ermeni Kilisesi, Ermeni Katolik kilisesi, Ermeni Kilisesi ve mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131. (Bu kesin bir say\u0131 olmayabilir ve ekleme yapma hakk\u0131n\u0131 sakl\u0131 tutuyorum.)<\/p>\n

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1 – Samsun – Canik Surp (Aziz) Nigo\u011fayos Ermeni Kilisesi (\u054d\u0561\u0574\u057d\u0578\u0582\u0576 \u2013 \u054b\u0561\u0576\u056b\u056f \u054d\u0578\u0582\u0580\u0562 \u0546\u056b\u056f\u0578\u0572\u0578\u057d – \u0546\u056b\u056f\u0578\u0572\u0561\u0575\u0578\u057d ) – (Saint Nicolas)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Kilise 1849 y\u0131l\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti. Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi 1840 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnen Surp (Aziz) Nigo\u011fayos Ermeni Kilisesi 1897 y\u0131l\u0131nda Piskoposluk Merkezi olmu\u015ftu. Hemen yan\u0131ndaki Nersesyan Ermeni Koleji\u2019nde 1914 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 298 devam etmekteydi, kurulu\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 1883. Kolejde \u201cTbrots\u201d adl\u0131 bir de dergi yay\u0131nlanmaktayd\u0131. Ayn\u0131 mahallede 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermeni Tiyatrosu in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti. (denisdonikian.blog)<\/p>\n

Biti\u015fi\u011finda bulunan mezarl\u0131k hakk\u0131nda bilgi bulamad\u0131m, \u201cma\u015fatl\u0131k\u201d (\u0574\u0561\u0577\u0561\u0569\u056c\u0568\u0584) m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayanlar\u0131n mezarl\u0131klar\u0131na verilen isimdir.<\/p>\n

Samsun Ermenileri \u00e7o\u011funlukla ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fmakta olup bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc Selahiye Mahallesi’nin bulundu\u011fu yerde Ermeni Mahallesi olarak an\u0131lan mahallede ikamet etmekteydiler.<\/p>\n

Ermeni kilisesi y\u0131k\u0131larak ayn\u0131 temel \u00fczerine 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda 30 A\u011fustos \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim Okulu in\u015fa edildi. ( 30 A\u011eUSTOS \u0130LK\u00d6\u011eRET\u0130M OKULU ; okul ar\u015fivinden) Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Gazi Pa\u015fa \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretim Okulunun yerinde ise kiliseyi idare eden papaz\u0131n iki katl\u0131 ah\u015faptan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f misafirhanesi (Darul Eytam) ) bulunmaktayd\u0131. Bu binan\u0131n okul olarak kullan\u0131lma karar\u0131 Samsun valisi Kaz\u0131m Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan verilmi\u015f ve baz\u0131 ilaveler yap\u0131larak 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda resmi bir ilkokul olarak e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretime tahsis edilmi\u015ftir. (Okul Web sitesinden)<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgedeki misyonerlik faaliyetlerinin sonucu olarak Katolikli\u011fi ve Protestanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul eden az say\u0131daki Ermeniler de ayn\u0131 mahallenin i\u00e7inde ayr\u0131ca birer mahalle te\u015fkil etmi\u015flerdi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kadife Kale-Selahiye m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131ndaki bu mahalle sadece bir isimden ibaret hale gelmi\u015ftir. T\u0131pk\u0131 Mihail Soka\u011f\u0131, Arapyan Soka\u011f\u0131, Bo\u011fosyan Soka\u011f\u0131, Tatarya Soka\u011f\u0131 gibi. Sigara fabrikas\u0131n\u0131n kurulu\u015fu ile birlikte geli\u015fen \u00c7iftlik caddesi \u00fczerinde Ermeni Kilisesi , Rum Kilisesi (23 Nisan Ilk\u00f6\u011fretim Okulunun yerinde), Ermeni Tiyatrosu gibi yap\u0131lar yok art\u0131k… Oysa ki Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Osmnl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi\u2019ndeki belgeler, herzamanki gibi g\u00f6stermelik olup ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tmamaktad\u0131r : \u201cG\u00f6\u00e7 esnas\u0131nda menk\u00fbl ve gayr-i menkulleri tespit edilerek kay\u0131t ve muhafaza alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Din\u00ee m\u00fcesseseler de yine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde koruma alt\u0131nda tutulmu\u015ftur ( BOA, DH. EUM., 5. \u015eB, 15\/19 ) \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Eskiden Ermeni Mahallesi\u2019nde, hala o d\u00f6nemin izlerini yans\u0131tan tarihi evler bak\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeye terk edilmi\u015f durumda. Ev sahipleri taraf\u0131ndan bak\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmayan ya da yap\u0131lmak istense bile b\u00fcrokrasinin a\u011f\u0131r i\u015flemesinden dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lamayan evler kendi kaderleriyle ba\u015f ba\u015fa b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdalar.<\/p>\n

Rusya\u2019da, 1830\u2019larda ba\u015flayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ayaklanmalar\u0131 sonucu g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlanmalar\u0131, 1877-78 Rus Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan toprak kayb\u0131ndan sonra buraya yerle\u015fen m\u00fclteciler Ermenilerin huzurunu ka\u00e7\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r : \u201cNezareti’nden (\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131) Trabzon Valili\u011fine g\u00f6nderilen 18 Temmuz 1887 tarihli yaz\u0131da, \u00dcnye ve Terme’deki G\u00fcrc\u00fc muhacirlerin burada ya\u015fayan Ermenilere yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bask\u0131 ve zul\u00fcmlerden haberdar olundu\u011fu bildirilerek vilayetten acil \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve adaletin yerine getirilmesi istenmektedir (BOA, DH.MKT, 1433\/31).\u201d<\/p>\n

Aktar\u0131m : Kenan Hazneci 2012, Samsun<\/p>\n

\u201c … 1800 l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck Samsun yang\u0131n\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle Ermeni Mahalleleri tamamen yand\u0131. O nedenle T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede yeni anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cCED\u0130T\u201d mahallesi olarak an\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca yang\u0131ndan esinlenerek hala bu b\u00f6lgeye KARA SAMSUN denilmektedir. Genellikle evler ah\u015fap oldu\u011fundan \u00e7o\u011fu ev k\u00fcl oldu ama kiliseler ta\u015f yap\u0131lar olduklar\u0131ndan yang\u0131ndan etkilenmediler.<\/p>\n

1924\u2019lerde ya\u015fanan g\u00f6\u00e7ler nedeniyle Rum ve Ermeni n\u00fcfus azal\u0131nca kiliseye gidenler de azald\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle 1950\u2019lerden sonra gelen ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 propaganda olarak kullan\u0131p halktan oy toplayan siyasiler ve yerel y\u00f6netimler halka da \u015firin g\u00f6z\u00fckmek amac\u0131yla \u00fclke genelinde bir \u201cyoketme\u201d yar\u0131\u015f\u0131na giri\u015ftiler. Bu giri\u015fimler sonucu g\u00fczelim tarihi ve sanat eseri olan kiliseler yok edildi. Bir tek 30 a\u011fustos Ilkokulu\u2019nun oldu\u011fu yerdeki kilise y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131nca temelleri b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor ve o temellere de ilkokul in\u015fa ediliyor. Okuldan mezun olanlar okulun mahsenlerine inildi\u011finde okulun temelinin HA\u00c7 \u015feklinde oldu\u011funu iddia ediyorlar. Ben g\u00f6rmedim bu konuda bir \u015fey diyemeyece\u011fim.<\/p>\n

Bu arada Samsun’da y\u0131k\u0131lmayan tek bir kilise kal\u0131yor : Sultan Abdulhamit d\u00f6neminde sultan\u0131n ferman\u0131yla yap\u0131lan Mater Dolarosa \u0130talyan Katolik Kilisesi. …\u201d<\/p>\n

2 \u2013 Samsun \u2013 Canik Ermeni Katolik Kilisesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

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I\u015fte ba\u015fka bir Ermeni kilisesinin iki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc. Bu binalar bilin\u00e7li bir \u015fekilde bak\u0131ms\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131larak virane haline getirilmi\u015f ve daha sonra yeni yol a\u00e7ma, imar plan uygulamalar\u0131 vs. Bahanelerle ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ikinci fotograf 1929 y\u0131l\u0131na aittir; bir evin dam\u0131nda, bacan\u0131n yan\u0131nda bos bir \u015fi\u015fe g\u00f6z\u00fckmekte. Bir rum gelene\u011finden gelmektedir, m\u00fcbadele ile gelen muhacirlerden hat\u0131ra kalm\u0131\u015f adetlerdendir. O evde evlenme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na gelmi\u015f bir k\u0131z oldu\u011funun o zamanlar ko\u015fullar\u0131nda duyurma \u015feklidir. \u015ei\u015feyi vurmakta \u201ck\u0131za ben talibim\u201d demektir.<\/p>\n

3 – Ermeni Kilisesi ve Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Surp \u2013 Aziz – ?)<\/strong><\/p>\n

[ek bilgilerle yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilirsiniz]<\/p>\n

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Bu Ermeni Kilisesi, mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bah\u00e7eleri bir gecede dozerlerle yok edilip yerin Gazi Devlet Hastanesi ve Samsun Koleji in\u015fa edildi. ( Wikipedia sayfas\u0131ndan : Samsun Anadolu Lisesi, 8 Aral\u0131k 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’nca kurulmu\u015ftur. 1975’te Anadolu Lisesi ad\u0131n\u0131 alan Kolej ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Samsun Maarif Koleji olarak e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretime ba\u015flayan Samsun Anadolu Lisesi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan, Eski Samsun M\u00fczesi’nde Samsun Koleji ad\u0131 ile e\u011fitim \u00f6\u011fretime ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. http:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samsun_Anadolu_Lisesi<\/a> ) Nedense Ermeni kimli\u011finden bahsedilmiyor …<\/p>\n

Y\u0131k\u0131m projeleri 1958\u2019de ba\u015flad\u0131, 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda da binalar y\u00fckseldi … Bu tarihlerde \u201c… geriye 8-10 mezar ve 2 m kadar beton bir zemin olan demir bir ha\u00e7 vard\u0131 …\u201d (Aktar\u0131m). Bo\u015f alana da Belediye Park\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Daha sonra da hastane bah\u00e7esi oldu.<\/p>\n

Dip notlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) – (1) The Inventory of Armenian Church Properties conducted for and by the Ottoman Government in 1912-1913, as translated into Armenian and published in Etchmiadzin Monthly, 1965, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 10 and (1966) Nos. 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, by A. Kh. Safrastyan. (2) Teodik’s Armenian Golgotha, Constantinople, 1923.<\/em><\/p>\n

(2) \u2013 La Mer Noire et l\u2019av\u00e8nement de Rome : notes de lecture g\u00e9ographique , Anca DAN<\/em><\/p>\n

(3) – Armenia (Hayasa) Vilayeti,s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, co\u011frafi konumu, ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u015fehirleri<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131\u2019na istinaden, Armenia Vilayeti\u2019nin (\u00fclkesinin) s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, co\u011frafyas\u0131 ve \u00f6nemli \u015fehirlerinin tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cArmenia Vilayeti geni\u015ftir. Bat\u0131s\u0131nda Armen Vilayeti vard\u0131r, do\u011fusunda ve g\u00fcneyinde Aran ve Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ile Cezire\u2019nin birka\u00e7 \u015fehri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00fclkenin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da\u011fl\u0131k olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131sma ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Galiga, \u015eim\u015fad ve kom\u015fu b\u00f6lgeler, di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131 ise Hezran ve Babi Alayev \u015fehirleri ile bu \u015fehirler aras\u0131nda kalan b\u00f6lgeden olu\u015fur. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131m ise Berdan, Bab El-Ebvab ve kom\u015fu b\u00f6lgelerdir. Yabanc\u0131lar onu [\u00fclkeyi] d\u00f6rde ay\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bunun bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Belgan ve \u015eirvan ile aralar\u0131nda kalan aland\u0131r. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise Tiflis olarak an\u0131lan Mezran ile Firuz Abad ve Lekez b\u00f6lgeleridir. Di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131 Sirkhan\u2019d\u0131r (Sisakan-L.S.) ve Nakhicevan\u2019d\u0131r, kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 ise Kh\u0131rd B\u0131rd (Kharberd\/Harput-L.S.), Akhlat, Erz\u0131rum ve \u00e7evre b\u00f6lgelerdir. Bu b\u00f6lgelerin her biri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z valiler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmektedir\u201d 53. (bk. M\u00fcneccimba\u015f\u0131, Ermenistan, Ermeniler ve Transkafkasya\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer halklar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda T\u00fcrk kaynaklar\u0131, C.II, s. 199).<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk tarih\u00e7i, Armenia\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u015fehirleri olarak Yerz\u0131nka (Erzincan), Mu\u015f, E\u011fin\u00a0 (Erzurum), Melazcerd (Manazkert\/Malazgirt), Bitlis, Akhlat, Ar\u00e7e\u015f\/Erci\u015f, Vostan, \u015eirvan ve ba\u015fkent Debil\u2019i (D\u0131vin) belirtmektedir 54. (Arap ve T\u00fcrk kaynaklar\u0131nda D\u0131vin yer ismi deforme edilerek farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde kaydedilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Debil bk. Ermenistan ve \u00e7evre b\u00f6lgelerin yer isimleri s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, c.II, Yerevan, 1988, s.68, Duin, D\u0131vin, Dabil, Adabin, Duviy bk. Vardanyan S., Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkentleri, Yerevan, 1995, s.109).<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi de Armenia \u00fclkesinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve \u015fehirleri hakk\u0131nda yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cHamdullah\u2019\u0131n belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re Armeni [Armenia] Vilayeti, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve B\u00fcy\u00fck olmak \u00fczere iki k\u0131s\u0131mdan meydana gelmektedir\u2026 B\u00fcy\u00fck Armenia, \u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 dahilindedir ve Tuman Akhlat ad\u0131yla tan\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Armenia, Rum, Diarbekir, Kurdistan, Ad\u0131rbecan (At\u0131rpatakan, G\u00fcney Azerbaycan) ve Aran\u2019d\u0131r. Uzunlu\u011fu Erzen El-Rum\u2019dan Salmast\u2019a, geni\u015fli\u011fi ise Aran\u2019dan Akhlat Vilayeti\u2019nin sonuna kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fkenti, Akhlat \u015fehridir. \u2026Benim fikrime g\u00f6re, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde B\u00fcy\u00fck Armenia, Van ve Erzurum vilayetlerinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u2026Takvim al-Buldan\u2019da 55 (\u201cTakvim al-Buldan\u201d Arap tarih\u00e7i ve co\u011frafyac\u0131 Abul Fida\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131 olup, K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi taraf\u0131ndan kaynak olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi, T\u00fcrk kaynaklar\u0131\u2026, c.II, s.258.) Armenia\u2019n\u0131n \u015fehirlerinden Elbistan 56 (Elbistan\/Albistan, Kilikya\u2019da, Mara\u015f Sanca\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Zeytun Kazas\u0131\u2019nda bulunan \u015fehir), Adana, Ar\u00e7e\u015f\/Erci\u015f, Ad\u0131rbeycan\/Azerbaycan\/At\u0131rpatakan 57, Bitlis, Barda, Bilekan, Tiflis, Akhlat, Debil, Sultaniye, Sis\/Kozan, Tarsus, Malatia\/Malatya, Van, Vostan, Mu\u015f, Erzen El-Rum (Erzurum) ve Malazkert\/Malazgirt belirtilmektedir\u201d 58 (K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi, \u201cCihann\u00fcma\u201d, s.29-30).<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylelikle, XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda resmi Osmanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7ili\u011fi, Osmanl\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f olan Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olgusunu B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk\u2019\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131yla tan\u0131makta ve uluslar aras\u0131 tan\u0131nan Armenia ad\u0131yla anmaktayd\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, Anadolu veya Do\u011fu Anadolu gibi uydurulmu\u015f terimler, B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hayk\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda kalan K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019yla 59 ilgili oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 XVII y\u00fczy\u0131lda Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanla ilgili olarak hi\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmamaktayd\u0131 (\u0417\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0431\u044f\u043d \u041b. \u041d., \u041e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0410\u0440\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u044f, \u0415\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d, 1919, \u0441. 15. Danielyan E., Tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda antik Ermenistan tarihinin konsept\u00fcel temel sorunlar\u0131, \u201cTarih ve Edebiyat Dergisi\u201d, 2003, No.3, s.30-37).<\/em><\/p>\n

Dahas\u0131, XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u201c\u0130slam Co\u011frafyas\u0131\u201d haritas\u0131nda 60 (\u201c\u0130slam Co\u011frafyas\u0131 Haritas\u0131\u201d 1570, \u00e7ap\u0131 28.5 sm., Bodl k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde bulunmaktad\u0131r, Oxford, elyazmas\u0131 317 f9v-10r. Bk. Gal\u00e7\u0131yan R., Uluslar aras\u0131 haritac\u0131l\u0131kta Ermenistan, Yerevan, 2005, s.148) ve XVIII.-XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 haritalar\u0131nda da Ermenistan \u00fclkesi, \u201cErmenistan\u201d olarak an\u0131lmakta ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ile \u00f6nemli \u015fehirleri belirtilmekteydi 61 (\u201cAsya T\u00fcrkiye\u2019si\u201d, 1803-4, \u00e7aplar\u0131 72×54 sm., Britanya K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, Londra-O\u0130OC 14999.h.2(2), f.18, \u201cAkdeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u201dnin ikinci haritas\u0131, \u00e7aplar\u0131 80×58 sm., Britanya K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, London-Maps 42.d.1, f.2, bk. Gal\u00e7\u0131yan R., ayn\u0131 yerde, s.226, 240, 246). (OSMANLI \u0130MPARATORLU\u011eU\u2019NUN \u0130DAR\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcN\u00dcMLER\u0130NDE TRABZON, Lusine Sahakyan)<\/em><\/p>\n

(4)- \u0540. \u0531\u0576\u0561\u057d\u0575\u0561\u0576, XVII \u0564\u0561\u0580\u056b \u0561\u0566\u0561\u057f\u0561\u0563\u0580\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0577\u0561\u0580\u056a\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0576 \u0531\u0580\u0587\u0574\u057f\u0575\u0561\u0576 \u0540\u0561\u0575\u0561\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0574, \u0540\u054d\u054d\u054c \u0533\u0531 \u0570\u0580\u0561\u057f., \u0535\u0580\u0587\u0561\u0576, 1961, \u0567\u057b 15-20: Ricaut P., Histoire de l\u2019 etat present de l\u2019 Empire Ottoman trad. de l\u2019anglois par Briot, IIe ed., Paris, chez Sebastien Mabre. 1670, p. 542-544<\/em><\/p>\n

(5) – Trabzon ve Canik\u2019in sancak, eyalet, vilayet de\u011fi\u015fimleri.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

16-17 ci y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde hristiyanlar yerle\u015fik halklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu te\u015fkil etmekteydiler. Osmanl\u0131 yetkilileri kamu y\u00f6netiminde, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki topraklarda bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman karakteri yaratmak ve yerel halk\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yacak bir idari b\u00f6l\u00fcnme sistemini kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. (\u0540. \u0531\u0576\u0561\u057d\u0575\u0561\u0576, XVII \u0564\u0561\u0580\u056b \u0561\u0566\u0561\u057f\u0561\u0563\u0580\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0577\u0561\u0580\u056a\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0576\u0565\u0580\u0576 \u0531\u0580\u0587\u0574\u057f\u0575\u0561\u0576 \u0540\u0561\u0575\u0561\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0574, \u0540\u054d\u054d\u054c \u0533\u0531 \u0570\u0580\u0561\u057f., \u0535\u0580\u0587\u0561\u0576, 1961, \u0567\u057b 15-20: Ricaut P., Histoire de l\u2019 etat present de l\u2019 Empire Ottoman trad. de l\u2019anglois par Briot, IIe ed., Paris, chez Sebastien Mabre. 1670, p. 542-544) Bu ba\u011flamda M. Pelin, Ayni Ali Efendi\u2019nin \u201cHukuk kitaplar\u0131\u201d\u2019n\u0131 yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (M. Belin, Journal Asiatique sixieme serie, t. XV, 1870, p. 254-288. \u054f\u0550\u0531\u054a\u053b\u0536\u0548\u0546\u0546 \u0555\u054d\u0544\u0531\u0546\u0545\u0531\u0546 \u053f\u0531\u0545\u054d\u0550\u0548\u0552\u0539\u0545\u0531\u0546 \u054e\u0531\u0550\u0549\u0531\u053f\u0531\u0546 \u0532\u0531\u053a\u0531\u0546\u0548\u0552\u0544\u0546\u0535\u0550\u0548\u0552\u0544 notlar\u0131ndan)<\/em><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Imparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ba\u015fl\u0131ca idari sistemi olan sancaklar, XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda birle\u015ferek eyaletler olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur (Beylerbeyi). Trabzon XV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda uzun s\u00fcre sancak stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yavuz Sultan Selim\u2019in ilk tahta ge\u00e7i\u015fiyle Amasya (\u0531\u0574\u0561\u057d\u056b\u0561), Tokat (\u0539\u0578\u0584\u0561\u0569), Sivas (\u0535\u057e\u0564\u0578\u056f\u056b\u0561-\u054d\u0565\u0562\u0561\u057d\u057f\u056b\u0561), Kayseri (\u0546\u056b\u0584\u057d\u0561\u0580\u056b \u2013 \u053f\u0565\u057d\u0561\u0580\u056b\u0561), \u015eark-\u0131 Karahisar (\u0547\u0561\u0580\u0584\u0568-\u0533\u0561\u0580\u0561\u0570\u056b\u057d\u0561\u0580), Canik (\u054b\u0561\u0576\u056b\u0584\u056b – \u0543\u0561\u0576\u056b\u0584) livlar\u0131 ile birle\u015ferek Eyalet-\u0131 Rumiye-\u0131 Sugra (\u0553\u0578\u0584\u0580 \u054c\u0578\u0582\u0574\u056b \u0537\u0575\u0561\u056c\u0565\u0569\u056b\u0576) Eyaletini kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Vil\u00e2yet-i Rum-\u0131 Kad\u00eem ( \u0540\u056b\u0576 \u054c\u0578\u0582\u0574\u056b \u057e\u056b\u056c\u0561\u0575\u0565\u0569) olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Daha sonralar\u0131 Kemah (\u053f\u0561\u0574\u0561\u056d), Bayburt (\u0532\u0561\u0562\u0565\u0580\u0564), Malatya, Divri\u011fi-Darende (\u054f\u0587\u0580\u056b\u056f-\u0534\u0561\u0580\u0565\u0576\u0564\u0565) livalar\u0131n kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla Vil\u00e2yet-i Rum-\u0131 H\u00e2dis ( \u0546\u0578\u0580 \u054c\u0578\u0582\u0574\u056b \u057e\u056b\u056c\u0561\u0575\u0565\u0569) olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. (G\u00f6kbilgin T., XVI. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Ba\u015flar\u0131nda Trabzon Livas\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi, s. 293-295 ) XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00c7orum (\u0549\u0578\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0574), Bozok (\u0532\u0578\u0566\u0578\u0584), Arapgir sancaklar\u0131 kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u015eark-\u0131 Karahisr sanca\u011f\u0131 ise Erzurum (\u0537\u0580\u0566\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0574) eyalitine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra Trabzon sanca\u011f\u0131 da Erzurum eyaletine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu idar\u00ee birle\u015fimler de\u011fi\u015fik tarihlerde Hayasa (\u0540\u0561\u0575\u0561\u057d\u0561 – Armeniak) (2), Van (\u054e\u0561\u0576), K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hayk (\u0553\u0578\u0584\u0580 \u0540\u0561\u0575\u0584) krall\u0131klar\u0131na dahildiler ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk (\u0544\u0565\u056e \u0540\u0561\u0575\u0584-\u0532\u0561\u0580\u0571\u0580 \u0540\u0561\u0575\u0584), Dayk topraklar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil etmi\u015flerdir. Bu da o b\u00f6lgelerin Antik Ermeni tabii yerle\u015fim yerleri oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. \u00d6rne\u011fin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f co\u011frafya yazar\u0131 Strabon, Trabzon-Giresun b\u00f6lgesini K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hayk Ermeni Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklar\u0131na dahil etmektedir. (\u054d\u057f\u0580\u0561\u0562\u0578\u0576, \u0584\u0561\u0572\u0565\u0581 \u0587 \u0569\u0561\u0580\u0563\u0574\u0561\u0576\u0565\u0581 \u0540. \u0531\u0573\u0561\u057c\u0575\u0561\u0576\u0568, \u0535\u0580\u0587\u0561\u0576, 1940, \u0567\u057b 75: \u054f\u0565\u055b\u057d \u0576\u0561\u0587 \u0531\u0564\u0578\u0576\u0581 \u0546., \u0576\u0577\u057e. \u0561\u0577\u056d., \u0567\u057b 80-81: \u0531\u0564\u0578\u0576\u0581 \u0546., \u0540\u0561\u0575\u0561\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0576\u0568 \u0540\u0578\u0582\u057d\u057f\u056b\u0576\u056b\u0561\u0576\u0578\u057d\u056b \u0564\u0561\u0580\u0561\u0577\u0580\u057b\u0561\u0576\u0578\u0582\u0574, \u00ab\u0540\u0561\u0575\u0561\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0576\u00bb \u0570\u0580\u0561\u057f., \u0535\u0580\u0587\u0561\u0576, 1987, \u0567\u057b 105, 190: \u054d\u0587 \u056e\u0578\u057e\u056b \u0570\u0561\u0580\u0561\u057e\u0561\u0575\u056b\u0576 \u0561\u057c\u0561\u0583\u0576\u0575\u0561\u056f\u056b \u0587 \u0540\u0561\u0575\u0561\u057d\u057f\u0561\u0576\u056b \u0578\u0582 \u0570\u0561\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0561\u0576 \u0570\u0576\u0561\u0563\u0578\u0582\u0575\u0576 \u0561\u057c\u0576\u0579\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0576\u0576\u0565\u0580\u056b \u0574\u0561\u057d\u056b\u0576 \u057f\u0565\u057d \u0576\u0561\u0587 \u054e\u0561\u0580\u0564\u0561\u0576\u0575\u0561\u0576 \u054d., \u054a\u0561\u057f\u0574\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576 \u0561\u056f\u0576\u0561\u0580\u056f, \u0541\u0561\u0575\u0576 \u0570\u0561\u0574\u0577\u0565\u0576\u0561\u056f\u0561\u0576, \u0563\u056b\u0580\u0584 4-\u0580\u0564, \u0535\u0580\u0587\u0561\u0576, 1999, \u0567\u057b 7-15) (\u054f\u0550\u0531\u054a\u053b\u0536\u0548\u0546\u0546 \u0555\u054d\u0544\u0531\u0546\u0545\u0531\u0546 \u053f\u0531\u0545\u054d\u0550\u0548\u0552\u0539\u0545\u0531\u0546 \u054e\u0531\u0550\u0549\u0531\u053f\u0531\u0546 \u0532\u0531\u053a\u0531\u0546\u0548\u0552\u0544\u0546\u0535\u0550\u0548\u0552\u0544) XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Trabzon eyaletine dahil olan Ham\u015fin (\u0540\u0561\u0574\u0577\u0565\u0576), Arhavir (\u0531\u0580\u0570\u0561\u057e\u056b\u056b), Konya (\u0533\u0578\u0576\u056b\u0561) y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra Batum (\u0532\u0561\u0569\u0578\u0582\u0574) sanca\u011f\u0131na dahil olmu\u015ftur. XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Trabzon ve Batum sancaklar\u0131 birle\u015ferek Trabzon Beylerbeyili\u011fi\u2019ni olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r. (Ayn Ali Efendi, Kav\u00e2n\u054fn-\u0131 \u00c2l-\u0131 Osman der Hul\u00e2sa-\u0131 Mezam\u00een-i Defter-i D\u00eev\u00e2n, \u0130stanbul, 1979, s. 28-29. \u054f\u0565\u055b\u057d \u0576\u0561\u0587 H. Tuncer, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fnda Ey\u00e2let Taksimat\u0131, Ankara, 1964, s. 26, 35); (\u015eahin \u0130., \u201cTimar Sistemi Hakk\u0131nda Bir Ris\u00e2le\u201d, Tarih Dergisi, say\u0131 32, \u0130stanbul, s. 909) B\u00f6ylece 3.000 askeden olu\u015fan bir orduya sahip olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Katip \u00c7elebi buna Konya sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ilave eder.<\/em><\/p>\n

1830\u2019dan itibaren merkeziyat\u00e7\u0131 y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla e\u011fitimden hukuka, asker\u00ee te\u015fkil\u00e2ttan idar\u00ee yap\u0131ya kadar bir\u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

1846 tarihinde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle Trabzon eyaleti 5 sancaklardan olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131 : Merkez Trabzon sanca\u011f\u0131, \u015eark-\u0131 Karahisar, Canik, Konya ve Batum sancaklar\u0131. 1867 y\u0131l\u0131nda Vilayet Nizamnamesi (\u0546\u0561\u0570\u0561\u0576\u0563\u0561\u0575\u056b\u0576 \u056f\u0561\u0576\u0578\u0576\u0561\u0564\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0561\u0576) gere\u011fince \u015eark-\u0131 Karahisar ve Konya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f yerine G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane (\u0533\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0578\u0582\u0577\u056d\u0561\u0576\u0565) sanca\u011f\u0131 kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Tuncer Baykara, Anadolu’nun Tarih\u00ee Co\u011frafyas\u0131na Giri\u015f I, Anadolu’nun \u0130dar\u00ee Taksimat\u0131, Ankara, 1988, s. 249 – 251.)<\/em><\/p>\n

1877-78 Rus-Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra merkezi Rize olan Lazistan sanca\u011f\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur. Bu sava\u015fla birlikte Sohum taraf\u0131ndan gelen yakla\u015f\u0131k 60.000 Abaza g\u00f6\u00e7men, ba\u015fta Bafra ve \u00c7ar\u015famba olmak \u00fczere Trabzon Vil\u00e2yeti’nin isk\u00e2na elveri\u015fli yerlerine yerle\u015ftirilirler. Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (13 Temmuz 1878) \u0130le Rus h\u00e2kimiyetine b\u0131rak\u0131lan Batum ve \u00e7evresinden de Samsun, Ordu, Fatsa ve \u00dcnye’ye \u00f6nemli miktarda g\u00f6\u00e7men gelir. (“Canik Sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n N\u00fcfusuna Dair Bir De\u011ferlendirme” Ondokuz May\u0131s \u00dcniversitesi E\u011fitim Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, S. 12\/1, Samsun 1999, s. 29 – 45.; S\u00fcleyman Erkan, K\u0131r\u0131m Kafkasya ve Do\u011fu Anadolu G\u00f6\u00e7leri (1878 – 1908), Bas\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f Doktora Tezi, Samsun 1993, s. 194 – 197)<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u00fclteci ak\u0131n\u0131 asayi\u015f ve emniyet sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 da beraberinde getirir. 1880’li y\u0131llarda Canik Sanca\u011f\u0131 ve sancak merkezi Samsun n\u00fcfusu kozmopolitan bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. (B\u00fcnyamin Duran, “Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesinin 1870 – 1914 Aras\u0131nda Tar\u0131msal Geli\u015fmesi”, \/\/. Tarih Boyunca Karadeniz Kongresi Bildirileri, Samsun 1990, s. 62 – 63.) Bu durum Canik Sanca\u011f\u0131’nda tabiat\u0131yla baz\u0131 problemleri de beraberinde getirir ve halk\u0131n emniyet ve asayi\u015fe y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u015fik\u00e2yetleri \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r. Yerli halk ile muhacirler aras\u0131nda zaman zaman \u015fiddet derecesine varan ihtil\u00e2f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar meydana gelmeye ba\u015flar. Ge\u00e7imleri i\u00e7in tahsis edilen paralar\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi, ikamete uygun olmayan bar\u0131naklarda yerle\u015ftirilmeleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak bir i\u015f bulamamalar\u0131 gibi sebeplerle zor duruma d\u00fc\u015fen muhacirler, yerli halka sald\u0131rmak suretiyle asayi\u015fi bozan hareketlere y\u00f6nelirler. Huzursuzlu\u011fun ve kanunsuzlu\u011fun giderek artmas\u0131nda y\u00f6neticilerin i\u015f bilmezli\u011fi, kanunsuz ve hukuksuz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 da \u00f6nemli rol oynar. (Muhacirleri kanunsuz davran\u0131\u015flara sevk eden sebepler hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in bk. Abdullah Saydam, K\u0131r\u0131m ve Kafkas G\u00f6\u00e7leri (1856 – 1876), Ankara 1997, s. 140, vd)<\/em><\/p>\n

Canik Sanca\u011f\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k olaylar\u0131 fevkal\u00e2de artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Halk bu y\u00fczden korku ve tela\u015f i\u00e7indeydi. Asayi\u015fsizlik olaylar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131nda adliye memurlar\u0131n\u0131n dikkatsizli\u011fi ve umursamazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli rol oynuyordu. H\u00fck\u00fbmet, vil\u00e2yet genelindeki asayi\u015fsizliklerin ve uygunsuz davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesini temin edecek etkin tedbirler al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131, bu konudaki emir ve yasaklar\u0131n itina ile uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece b\u00f6lgede g\u00fcvenlik ve huzurun sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 istemekteydi. Adliye ile ilgili i\u015flerin dikkatli ve zaman\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesi, baz\u0131 yerlerde bir tak\u0131m suiistimallerin vuku bulmas\u0131 ve cinayet gibi \u00f6nemli davalarda olay\u0131n tahkiki a\u015famas\u0131nda g\u00f6revli m\u00fcstantiklerin \u00e7o\u011funlukla ehliyetli olmamas\u0131, sancak dahilindeki asayi\u015fsizli\u011fin sebepleri aras\u0131nda say\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca zabtiye askeri aras\u0131na muz\u0131r \u015fah\u0131slar sokulmu\u015ftu. ( BOA, \u015eD, 1837\/9, Belge No.: 8 – a, Trabzon V\u00e2lisi Ahmed Aziz Bey’den Dahiliye Nezareti’ne, 28 Nisan 1301 \/ 10 May\u0131s 1885.)<\/em><\/p>\n

Diplommatik kaynaklar g\u00f6steriler s\u0131ras\u0131nda 600-800 Ermeninin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden bahsedilmektedir. (Documents diplomatiques, op. cit., suppl\u00e9ment, p. 13; GPEK, 10 Band, doc. n\u00b0 2 444; K\u00f6lnische Zeitung du 26 octobre 1895, n\u00b0 919 ; “Apr\u00e8s une ann\u00e9e d’enqu\u00eate, le consul de France Cilli\u00e8re confirma \u00e0 Cambon que durant les \u00e9v\u00e9nements du 8 octobre aucun musulman n’avait \u00e9t\u00e9 tu\u00e9 par les Arm\u00e9niens; pour plus de d\u00e9tails sur les faits”: cf. A. Beylerian, \u00abT\u00e9moignages in\u00e9dits sur les massacres arm\u00e9niens de Tr\u00e9bizonde\u00bb, Hask (Beyrouth 1981-1982), pp. 449-464) Ermeni kaynaklar\u0131 ise 591 \u00f6l\u00fc oldu\u011funu yazmakta. (Cf. la \u00abListe des pertes occasionn\u00e9es pendant les massacres du 8 octobre 1895\u00bb transmise par les pr\u00e9lats arm\u00e9niens de Tr\u00e9bizonde au consul d’Italie, annex\u00e9e \u00e0 la d\u00e9p\u00eache d’E. Francisci \u00e0 Pansa, de Tr\u00e9bizonde, le 11 f\u00e9vrier 1896, n\u00b0 58\/14, ASD, Politica P, Turchia [1896].)<\/em><\/p>\n

Di\u011fer taraftan, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde Hristiyan halk\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in gelen Rus ordusu \u00e7ekilince, g\u00fcvensizlik Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131yla daha da artm\u0131\u015f (Blue Book, Turkey n\u00b01 (1892), p. 23), Kafkasya\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7ler ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

Berlin antla\u015fmas\u0131 maddelerine uyulanmam\u0131\u015f, Constantinol\u2019de Erzurum\u2019daki keyfi tutuklamar protesto edilmi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/p>\n

1908 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler ihtilalinden sonra Canik, Trabzon vilayetinde \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, 1880\u2019deki konumuna d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/em><\/p>\n

1915 y\u0131l\u0131, \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nce ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Ermeni ve Rumlardan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma d\u00f6nemi olmu\u015ftur. Bir sancaktan di\u011ferine g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirme bahanesiyle onbinlerce Hristiyan katledilmi\u015flerdir. (Vicomte Bryce, Le traitement des Arm\u00e9niens dans l\u2019Empire ottoman, 1915-1916, document 26),\u00f6rneklerden biri ..)<\/em><\/p>\n

Tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bu idari de\u011fi\u015fimler Ittihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n mecbur tuttuklar\u0131 zoraki yer de\u011fi\u015fimler, zoraki din de\u011fi\u015ftirmeler Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131 derinden etkilemi\u015ftir. 1915 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan hayatta kalabilen Hristiyanlar\u0131n grupla\u015fmalar\u0131, bir arada ya\u015famalar\u0131 engellenip Islamla\u015fmalar\u0131, T\u00fcrkle\u015fmalari kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane, Kemah ve Agn (E\u011fine) \u00e7evresinde say\u0131siz katliam olmu\u015ftur.<\/em><\/p>\n

Samsun, m\u00fcbadele ile gelenlerin en yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu 3. kenttir,1924-25 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 38.000 ki\u015finin geldi\u011fi belgelenmi\u015ftir. O y\u0131llardaki Samsun n\u00fcfusu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131rsa bu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilebilir.Tarih \u00f6\u011fretmeni Baki Sar\u0131sakal\u2019\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015eehir Belediyesine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kitap olarak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ben okumad\u0131m, ama okuyanlar mahalleler ve sokaklar, kimin evine kim gelmi\u015f a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktaym\u0131\u015f.<\/em><\/p>\n

Kaynaklar:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

– \u054f\u0550\u0531\u054a\u053b\u0536\u0548\u0546\u0546 \u0555\u054d\u0544\u0531\u0546\u0545\u0531\u0546 \u053f\u0531\u0545\u054d\u0550\u0548\u0552\u0539\u0545\u0531\u0546 \u054e\u0531\u0550\u0549\u0531\u053f\u0531\u0546 \u0532\u0531\u053a\u0531\u0546\u0548\u0552\u0544\u0546\u0535\u0550\u0548\u0552\u0544, \u053c\u0578\u0582\u057d\u056b\u0576\u0565 \u054d\u0561\u0570\u0561\u056f\u0575\u0561\u0576 – http:\/\/blog.ararat-center.org\/?p=185)<\/a><\/em>
\n– Canik Sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n N\u00fcfusuna Dair Bir De\u011ferlendirme, Ondokuz May\u0131s \u00dcniversitesi E\u011fitim Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, S. 12\/1, Samsun 1999,<\/em>
\n– S\u00fcleyman Erkan, K\u0131r\u0131m Kafkasya ve Do\u011fu Anadolu G\u00f6\u00e7leri (1878 – 1908), Bas\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f Doktora Tezi, Samsun 1993,<\/em>
\n– unyezile.com\/canikili<\/em>
\n– Baki Sar\u0131sakal web sitesi<\/em>
\n– Le g\u00e9nocide des Arm\u00e9niens, de Raymond K\u00e9vorkian, Paris, Odile Jacob, 2006)<\/em>
\n– Wikipedia<\/em>
\n– denisdonikian.blog<\/em><\/p>\n

Fotograflar:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

– Wikipedia<\/em>
\n– Google<\/em>
\n– Kenan Hazneci<\/em>
\n– Nevzat Uslu<\/em>
\n– ve \u2026 kamu yarar\u0131na ge\u00e7en fotograflar<\/em><\/p>\n

http:\/\/team-aow.discuforum.info\/t12516-Samsun-Canik-Surp-Aziz-Nigagayos-Ermeni-Kilisesi.htm<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Arda\u015fes S. \/H. Anadolu\u2019da, tarih tan\u0131m\u0131yla K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya, Anatolia\u2019da, tehciri, k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131 ya\u015famam\u0131\u015f bir Ermeni yerle\u015fim yeri bulmak \u00e7ok zordur. Gerek\u00e7e, h\u0131yanet ! mi\u015f 2,5 milyon Ermeni de mi ihanet etti ? Topyek\u00fcn g\u00f6\u00e7, k\u0131y\u0131m neden? \u00c7ocuk ya\u015fta anneannem, ailesiyle pammuk tarlas\u0131nda pammuk toplarken anne-babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne \u015fahit olurken, bu katliam\u0131n sebebi nedir? Pammuktan barut mu yapacaklard\u0131? […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":18470,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-manastirlar-kiliseler"],"yoast_head":"\nSamsun - Canik Surp (Aziz) Nigo\u011fayos Ermeni Kilisesi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/09\/24\/samsun-canik-surp-aziz-nigogayos-ermeni-kilisesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Samsun - Canik Surp (Aziz) Nigo\u011fayos Ermeni Kilisesi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Arda\u015fes S. \/H. Anadolu\u2019da, tarih tan\u0131m\u0131yla K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya, Anatolia\u2019da, tehciri, k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131 ya\u015famam\u0131\u015f bir Ermeni yerle\u015fim yeri bulmak \u00e7ok zordur. Gerek\u00e7e, h\u0131yanet ! mi\u015f 2,5 milyon Ermeni de mi ihanet etti ? Topyek\u00fcn g\u00f6\u00e7, k\u0131y\u0131m neden? \u00c7ocuk ya\u015fta anneannem, ailesiyle pammuk tarlas\u0131nda pammuk toplarken anne-babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne \u015fahit olurken, bu katliam\u0131n sebebi nedir? Pammuktan barut mu yapacaklard\u0131? 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