III. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu, IV. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k Ermenistan\u2019da resmi din olur. Ermeni halk\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bu olay, modern tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 301 y\u0131l\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu konuda en \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc kral III. T\u0131rdat (287-330) ve Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ilk dini \u00f6nderi Aziz Grigor Lusavori\u00e7 (301-325) oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ermeni saray\u0131n\u0131n imana gelmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n V. y\u00fczy\u0131l Ermeni tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131na istinaden T\u0131rdat, 287 y\u0131l\u0131nda Roma ordusunun yard\u0131m\u0131yla Ermenistan\u2019a, babas\u0131n\u0131n taht\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeye gelirken yolda, Yeke\u011fyats b\u00f6lgesinin Yeriza yerle\u015fiminde, tanr\u0131\u00e7a Anahit\u2019in mabedinde kurbanlar sunar. Silah arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan Grigor, H\u0131ristiyan oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 kurban sunmay\u0131 reddeder. T\u0131rdat, bu olay \u00fczerine Grigor\u2019un, babas\u0131 II. Khosrov\u2019u \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan prens Anak\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenir. T\u0131rdat, bu iki \u201csu\u00e7\u201d nedeniyle Grigor\u2019u, Arta\u015fat\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm mahk\u00fbmlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yer alt\u0131 hapishanesine (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u201cKhor Virap\u201d\/derin kuyu olarak bilinmektedir) at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emreder. T\u0131rdat ayn\u0131 y\u0131l iki buyruk yay\u0131nlar. Birincisi, Ermenistan\u2019da bulunan H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 elleri, ayaklar\u0131 ve boyunlar\u0131ndan ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak saraya getirilip, t\u00fcm mal varl\u0131klar\u0131na el konulmas\u0131n\u0131, ikincisi ise, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 saklayanlara \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmekteydi. Bu emirler H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, devlet ve paganl\u0131k i\u00e7in ne denli b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehlike olarak alg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n Milli anlat\u0131mlar, Ermenistan\u2019da H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n resmi din olarak kabul edilmesini, Aziz H\u0131ripsime ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fehit edilmesine ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Anlat\u0131mlara g\u00f6re, aslen Romal\u0131 olan bu bakireler imparator Diokletianos\u2019tan ka\u00e7arak do\u011fuya gidip Mesih\u2019in ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde dua ettikten sonra Yedesia (Urfa) \u00fczerinden Ermenistan\u2019a ge\u00e7erek, ba\u015fkent Va\u011far\u015fapat yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan harman yerlerine yerle\u015fir. Bakire H\u0131ripsime\u2019nin g\u00fczelli\u011finden b\u00fcy\u00fclenen T\u0131rdat, kendisiyle evlenmek ister, fakat reddedilince t\u00fcm bakirelerin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesini emreder. H\u0131ripsime, 32 arkada\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte \u015fehrin kuzeydo\u011fusunda, bakirelerin \u00f6nderi Gayane, iki arkada\u015f\u0131yla g\u00fcneyinde, hasta olan biri ise, harman yerinde \u015fehit edilir.<\/p>\n Bu olay 300 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bakirelerin, \u00f6zellikle de H\u0131ripsime\u2019nin \u015fahadeti, kral \u00fczerinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ruhsal sars\u0131nt\u0131 yaratarak, a\u011f\u0131r bir sinir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakalanmas\u0131na sebep olur. V. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yayg\u0131n bir halk anlat\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re bu hastal\u0131k domuza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktayd\u0131 ve bu y\u00fczden heykel sanat\u0131nda T\u0131rdat, domuz \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmektedir. Kral\u0131n k\u0131z karde\u015fi Khosrovidukht, sadece hapisteki Grigor\u2019un T\u0131rdat\u2019a \u015fifa verebilece\u011fini r\u00fcyas\u0131nda birka\u00e7 kere g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Grigor, hapisten \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131p t\u00f6renle Va\u011far\u015fapat\u2019a getirilir, \u00f6ncelikle \u015fehit edilmi\u015f olan bakirelerin g\u00f6m\u00fclmemi\u015f bedenlerini defneder, daha sonra da 66 g\u00fcn boyunca H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda vaaz vererek kral\u0131 iyile\u015ftirir. Kral ve t\u00fcm saray e\u015fraf\u0131 H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul eder ve H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k resmi din olarak ilan edilir.<\/p>\n Aziz Grigor Lusavori\u00e7\u2019in takdis edilmesi ve dini \u00f6nderli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n Lakin temelleri yeni at\u0131lan H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n din adamlar\u0131na ve dini \u00f6nderlere ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131. Aziz Grigor Lusavori\u00e7 t\u00f6renle, e\u011fitim ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olan Kapadovkia\u2019n\u0131n (Kapadokya) Kesaria (Kayseri) \u015fehrine, episkopos olarak takdis edilmeye g\u00f6nderilir. Kesaria episkoposu \u011eevond, Kapadovkia\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ok say\u0131daki episkoposlar\u0131yla birlikte Aziz Grigor\u2019u da Ermenistan episkoposu olarak takdis eder. \u011eevond episkopos, mevcut di\u011fer episkoposlar\u0131n da onay\u0131yla, Sebastia (Sivas) episkoposu Petros\u2019u, Aziz Grigor Lusavori\u00e7\u2019le birlikte gitmesi ve Ermenistan\u2019da ruhani lider olma t\u00f6renini y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirir.<\/p>\n Tarih\u00e7i Agatangelos\u2019a g\u00f6re, Aziz Grigor Lusavori\u00e7, Kesaria d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde kral taraf\u0131ndan \u00fclkenin ikinci taht\u0131na oturtulur.<\/p>\n Aziz Grigor Lusavori\u00e7, Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019ni, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n resmi y\u00f6netim yap\u0131s\u0131na uygun olarak d\u00fczenler. Her bir eyalet i\u00e7in, bir episkopos takdis eder, bu episkoposlar, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Ermenilerin Ba\u015fpatri\u011fi olarak an\u0131lan Ermenistan episkoposuna tabi k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n B\u00f6ylece, Aziz Grigor Lusavori\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan 36 episkopos takdis edilir. Bunlar\u0131n 18\u2019i sa\u011f\u0131nda, 18\u2019i ise solunda oturmaktayd\u0131. Tarih\u00e7i Agatankelos\u2019a g\u00f6re bu episkoposlar\u0131n 12\u2019si, pagan rahiplerinin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Aziz Grigor Lusavori\u00e7\u2019in Yunanca yaz\u0131l\u0131 biyografisinde bu episkoposlar\u0131n isimleri de verilmektedir.<\/p>\n A\u011fbianos, Bagrevand ve Ar\u015faruni \u00f6nderi,<\/p>\n Yevta\u011fios, Basen ve (Kotayk?) \u00f6nderi,<\/p>\n Movses, Yeke\u011fyats ve Dercan \u00f6nderi, Yevsebios, Darana\u011fi \u00f6nderi,<\/p>\n Hovhannes, Karin \u00f6nderi,<\/p>\n Agapes, S\u0131per ve Asparapetutyun hanesi \u00f6nderi,<\/p>\n A\u011fbeos (Basos), Taron, Tayk ve Mamikonyan hanesi \u00f6nderi,<\/p>\n Artites, Khorkhoruni hanesi \u00f6nderi,<\/p>\n Arsukes, \u015eirak \u00f6nderi,<\/p>\n Antiokes, Korduk \u00f6nderi,<\/p>\n Tirikes, Vanandl\u0131lar\u0131n, Abe\u011fyan ve Gabe\u011fyan haneleri \u00f6nderi,<\/p>\n Kirakos, Ar\u015famun \u00f6nderi.<\/p>\n Aziz Grigor Lusavori\u00e7, G\u00fcrcistan, A\u011fvan (Albanya, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019\u0131 ve dolaylar\u0131) ve At\u0131rpatakan H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n\u0131n imana geli\u015fi i\u015fini ele al\u0131r ve o y\u00f6relere din g\u00f6revlileri g\u00f6nderir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u0130renarkos\u2019u G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a, Sopronios\u2019u Lazlar\u0131n \u00fclkesine, Tovmas\u2019\u0131 A\u011fvan\u2019a yollar. Kral T\u0131rdat\u2019\u0131n arzusuna uyarak, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011flu Aristakes\u2019i saray episkoposu ve halefi olarak tayin eder. Aristakes, daha Lusavori\u00e7\u2019in zaman\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak Ermeni katolikoslu\u011funu idare etmeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n Aziz Grigor Lusavori\u00e7, Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019ni \u00e7eyrek as\u0131r kadar y\u00f6netir ve kiliseyi tam ve sa\u011flam bir kurulu\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in t\u00fcm kanunlar\u0131 ve d\u00fczeni sa\u011flar. Lusavori\u00e7\u2019in zaman\u0131ndan kalan ve onun ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan kanunlar, vaazlar, d\u00fczenleme ve ayinlerle ilgili \u00e7ok say\u0131da gelenek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aziz Grigor, Ermenistan ve \u00e7evre \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in episkoposluk ve ba\u015fepiskoposluk b\u00f6lgeleri tayin etti.<\/p>\n Lusavori\u00e7, 325 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130znik konseyi zaman\u0131nda vefat etti. Kendisini o\u011fullar\u0131 takip etti. \u00d6nce k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011flu, d\u00fcnyevi hayattan el \u00e7ekmi\u015f ve evlenmemi\u015f olan Aziz Aristakes (325-333), daha sonra ise evli olan b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu Aziz V\u0131rtanes (333-341). V\u0131rtanesi, o\u011flu Aziz Husik (341-347) takip etti. Ba\u015fpatrikli\u011fin ayn\u0131 aile i\u00e7inde devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, o d\u00f6nemlerde ulus i\u00e7in elzemdi. Ermeniler bu \u015fekilde sadece b\u00fcy\u00fck Ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 derin sayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermekle kalmay\u0131p, ayn\u0131 zamanda, hatta belki de fark\u0131nda olmadan, eski pagan gelene\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmaya devam etmekteydi. Husik\u2019in evlatlar\u0131n\u0131n din adam\u0131 olmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilen tepki sonucunda, Lusavori\u00e7\u2019in yak\u0131n\u0131 veya ailesinden olan Paren A\u015fti\u015fatetsi (348-352) dini lider makam\u0131na y\u00fckseldi, fakat hemen akabinde, Lusavori\u00e7\u2019in neslinin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flanarak Aziz Husik\u2019in torunu, Aziz Nerses (353-373) se\u00e7ildi. Aziz Nerses\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan, o\u011flunun ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131, halk taraf\u0131ndan \u015eahak (373-377), Zaven (377-381) ve Aspurakes (381-386) se\u00e7ilir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fc de Manazgertliydi, yani \u0130ncil\u2019i vaaz etme konusunda Lusavori\u00e7\u2019in destek\u00e7isi ve yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olan A\u011fbianos\u2019un rahiplik s\u00fclalesindendi.<\/p>\n Daha sonra Aziz Sahak\u2019\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesiyle, ba\u015fpatriklik makam\u0131 bir kere daha Aziz Lusavori\u00e7\u2019in nesillerine ge\u00e7er. Aziz Nerses\u2019in o\u011flu olan Aziz Sahak, ba\u015fpatriklik makam\u0131nda elli y\u0131l kald\u0131 (387-436)<\/p>\n Tarih\u00e7i Yevsebios Kesaratsi\u2019nin anlat\u0131m\u0131na istinaden, imparator Maksimianos Daj, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f olduklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, 311 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermenilere sava\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131. Ba\u015fepiskopos Ma\u011fakia Ormanyan, \u201cErmeni Kilisesi, Kilikia Ermeni Ba\u015fpatrikli\u011fi matbaas\u0131, Antilias-L\u00fcbnan, 1952Aziz B\u00fcy\u00fck <\/strong><\/p>\n Nerses\u2019in ba\u015fpatrikli\u011fii<\/strong><\/p>\n E\u011fitimini Kesaria\u2019da yapm\u0131\u015f olan ba\u015fpatrik Husik\u2019in torunu prens Nerses, 353 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermeni \u00f6nde gelenleri taraf\u0131ndan oybirli\u011fiyle Ermenistan ba\u015fpatri\u011fi se\u00e7ilerek, 28 episkopos ve \u00f6nde gelen y\u00f6neticiler e\u015fli\u011finde Kesaria\u2019ya, kutsanmaya g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n Ba\u015fpatrik Nerses bir y\u0131l sonra A\u015fti\u015fat\u2019ta konsey toplar ve bu konsey Ermenilerin I. milli kilise konseyi olarak kabul edilir. Bu konsey genel olarak iki \u00f6nemli sorunla ilgilenir.<\/p>\n\n