{"id":13913,"date":"2012-04-09T04:36:37","date_gmt":"2012-04-09T09:36:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=13913"},"modified":"2012-04-09T04:36:37","modified_gmt":"2012-04-09T09:36:37","slug":"3-ermenistan-kilisesinin-ozerklesmesi-ve-ermenilesmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/04\/09\/3-ermenistan-kilisesinin-ozerklesmesi-ve-ermenilesmesi\/","title":{"rendered":"3. Ermenistan kilisesinin \u00f6zerkle\u015fmesi ve Ermenile\u015fmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"
    \n
  1. 354 y\u0131l\u0131nda Surb (Aziz) Nerses taraf\u0131ndan toplan\u0131lan A\u015fti\u015fat Milli-Dini Konseyi, fiiliyatta, kilise hayat\u0131n\u0131 tamamen d\u00fczene sokmakta ve kilisenin faaliyet alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmekteydi. Surb Nerses\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Ermeni Ba\u015fpatrikli\u011fi makam\u0131, Lusavori\u00e7\u2019in s\u00fclalesinden hi\u00e7bir temsilcinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, Kilise y\u00f6netiminde ikincil konumda olan A\u011fbianos ailesi temsilcilerine ge\u00e7er. Kral Pap\u2019\u0131n direktifiyle, katolikos II. Husik\u2019in kutsanmas\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu takdisten itibaren Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm katolikoslar\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da kutsanmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  2. Ermenistan Kilisesi\u2019nin Kesaria (Kayseri) Metropolitli\u011fi\u2019ne tabi oldu\u011fu rivayetinin \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi: Surb Grigor Lusavori\u00e7\u2019ten ba\u015flayarak bir k\u0131s\u0131m katolikoslar\u0131n Kesaria Metropoliti taraf\u0131ndan kutsanmas\u0131, baz\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131 Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin, kral Pap\u2019\u0131n yukar\u0131da belirtilen direktifine kadar Kesaria makam\u0131na tabi oldu\u011fu \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcp, Pap\u2019\u0131n direktifini ise din kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir hareket olarak g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Kilisenin eski d\u00f6nem tarihine vak\u0131f olan herkes, \u0130znik Konseyi\u2019ne kadar olan s\u00fcrede episkoposluk kutsanmas\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir zaman tabi olmay\u0131 ifade etmedi\u011fini bilmektedir. Di\u011fer taraftan, ne kadar \u00f6nemli bir \u015fehir olursa olsun, herhangi bir \u015fehrin episkoposunun, kom\u015fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir yerle\u015fimin episkoposu veya kilisesi \u00fczerinde dahi otoritesi olamazd\u0131. Metropolitlik sistemi (madde 6) ancak \u0130znik Konseyi\u2019nde (325), \u00fcstelik o da sadece Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu kiliseleri i\u00e7in tesis edilmi\u015ftir. Bu sisteme g\u00f6re, imparatorluk d\u00e2hilindeki her bir kilise, metropolit ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve biri di\u011ferinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olan bir birim olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131. Herhangi bir eyaletin metropolitinin, kom\u015fu eyaletteki kilisenin i\u015flerine kar\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 bulunmamaktayd\u0131. Ancak II. Konsey (381) esnas\u0131nda patriklik sistemi tesis edilmi\u015ftir. Bu sisteme g\u00f6re birka\u00e7 metropolit bir patri\u011fe tabi olacakt\u0131. Ermenistan Kilisesi, bu tarihten \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nce \u0130mparatorluk etkisinden uzak, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devletin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunarak, imparatorluk i\u00e7inde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren kilise kanunlar\u0131na tabi olmadan kendi ba\u015f\u0131na te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmi\u015ftir. Kanonik kilise kanunlar\u0131na istinaden Kesaria metropolitinin iktidar\u0131, hi\u00e7bir zaman Kapadovkia (Kapadokya) d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamazd\u0131, \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r da.<\/p>\n

    I. \u0130znik Konseyi esnas\u0131nda Kesaria metropolitinin di\u011fer eyaletler ad\u0131na, bu arada K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk \u00f6nderi olarak da imza atm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 tabii ki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir kan\u0131t olabilirdi, ger\u00e7ekten b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey olsayd\u0131 tabii ki. Lakin \u0130znik Konseyi\u2019nin kay\u0131tlar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Belirtilen bilgi Gelasios Kizikeli\u2019nin (+450) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup, belli oranda V. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131 ger\u00e7ekli\u011fiyle uyu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hayk, I. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na ait olmu\u015f, III. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonuna kadar da Kapadovkia\u2019n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan Y\u00fcksek Hayk da 387 y\u0131l\u0131nda Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na d\u00e2hil olmu\u015ftur. Surb Mesrop Ma\u015ftots V. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Ermeni alfabesini Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Bizans b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde de yaymak istedi\u011finde, bu topraklar Ermenistan Ba\u015fpatrikli\u011fi y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda bulunmamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    \u0130mparator Va\u011fes taraf\u0131ndan Surb Barse\u011f Kesaratsi\u2019ye, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hayk i\u00e7in episkoposlar haz\u0131rlama ve kutsama g\u00f6revi verilmesi, Ermeni Kilisesi\u2019nin Kesaria makam\u0131na tabi oldu\u011funu de\u011fil, tam tersini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu b\u00f6yle olmasayd\u0131, Surb Barse\u011f, zaten hakk\u0131 olan bir \u015feyi yerine getirmek i\u00e7in imparatordan izin almaya gerek duymazd\u0131. \u0130mparatorun bu g\u00f6revi kendisine vermi\u015f olmas\u0131, Kesaria metropolitinin o zamana kadar bu i\u015fle ilgilenmedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, imparator bu g\u00f6revi Surb Barse\u011f\u2019in haricinde, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hayk\u2019\u0131n Nikopolis \u015fehrinin Ermeni episkoposu Teodoros\u2019a da vermi\u015fti. Teodoros\u2019un kendisiyle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmay\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011finden dolay\u0131, Barse\u011f Kesaratsi kendisine verilen g\u00f6revi yerine getiremez. Surb Barse\u011f\u2019in mektuplar\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimiz bu kadard\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki, burada s\u00f6z konusu olan sadece K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hayk\u2019t\u0131r, B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk de\u011fil ve ikisi birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Pavstos\u2019un, Kesaria metropoliti Surb Barse\u011f Kesaratsi\u2019nin, Ermeni ba\u015fpatriklerinin Ermenistan\u2019da kutsanmas\u0131yla ilgili kral Pap\u2019\u0131n talimat\u0131n\u0131 protesto edip toplant\u0131 yaparak, Husik\u2019in ba\u015fpatrikli\u011fini gayrihukuki kabul edip, kendisini episkopos takdis etmekten men etti\u011fi konusundaki ibaresi baz\u0131 zorluklar yaratsa da, bu durumun kesin ger\u00e7ek olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00d6ncelikle, zaman\u0131n Kesaria metropoliti Surb Barse\u011f Kesaratsi, mektuplar\u0131nda b\u00f6yle bir \u015feye de\u011finmemekte, ayr\u0131ca di\u011fer tarih\u00e7ilerde de benzer bir \u015feye rastlamamaktay\u0131z.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6nemli bir di\u011fer nokta da \u015fudur, t\u00fcm Ermeni katolikoslar\u0131n\u0131n Kesaria metropoliti taraf\u0131ndan takdis edilmesi kural olsayd\u0131, t\u00fcm katolikoslar takdis olmaya Kesaria\u2019ya giderlerdi. H\u00e2lbuki Surb Aristakes, Surb Grigor Lusavori\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan kutsanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Surb Vrdanes ile Husik de Ermenistan\u2019da kutsanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Genel olarak da Ermeni tarih\u00e7ileri i\u00e7inden sadece Pavstos, di\u011fer katolikoslar\u0131n takdis i\u00e7in Kesaria\u2019ya gitti\u011fini bildirmektedir. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtimalle bu durum \u00e7ok ender olmu\u015ftur, Pavstos ise, daha sonraki niyetinden dolay\u0131 bunu genelle\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Ermenistan krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 387 y\u0131l\u0131nda ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcp, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u0130ran\u2019a, di\u011feri ise Bizans\u2019a tabi olur. Y\u00fcksek Hayk eyaletinden m\u00fcte\u015fekkil olan Bizans\u2019a tabi olan b\u00f6l\u00fcmde k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Ermeni krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kalkarak \u00fclke, Bizans taraf\u0131ndan atanan bir kont taraf\u0131ndan idare edilmeye ba\u015flar. Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019da, Ar\u015fakuni hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 otuz y\u0131l daha \u0130ran egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ermeni katolikosluk makam\u0131 387 y\u0131l\u0131nda tekrar Lusavori\u00e7\u2019in s\u00fclalesine teslim edilir ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Nerses\u2019in o\u011flu Surb Sahak (387-436) katolikos se\u00e7ilir. Ermeni k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131, i\u015fte bu zor \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda do\u011far.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Alfabenin icad\u0131 ve Ermenice okullar\u0131n kurulu\u015fu<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Ermenistan\u2019da H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k ibadeti, Yunanca ve Asurca olmak \u00fczere iki dilde ifa edilmekteydi. Bu durumda halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun ayini anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tabiidir. Ayin esnas\u0131nda Kutsal Kitap\u2019tan b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak Ermeniceye \u00e7eviren bir terc\u00fcmanlar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 olu\u015fturulmu\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ermeni halk\u0131na mal edilmesi i\u00e7in Ermenice olarak sunulmas\u0131 gerekmekteydi. Di\u011fer bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 gibi, rahip Surb Mesrop Ma\u015ftots da, Go\u011ft\u0131n b\u00f6lgesinde pagan dininin son kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele verirken, bu zorlu\u011fu hissetmekteydi. Onun, Ermenice alfabe yaratma fikri ba\u015fpatrik Surb Sahak ve Ermenistan kral\u0131 Vram\u015fapuh (389-417) taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Surb Mesrop Ma\u015ftots, uzun u\u011fra\u015flar ve Tanr\u0131sal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm sonucunda, 406 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermeni alfabesini d\u00fczenlemeyi ba\u015far\u0131r. Surb Mesrop taraf\u0131ndan Ermeniceye terc\u00fcme edilen ilk c\u00fcmle \u201cBilimi ve \u00f6\u011fretileri \u00f6\u011frenmek, bilgililerin s\u00f6zlerini dinlemek\u201d (\u00d6\u011f\u00fctler A 1),- olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

      Bu \u00f6\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcn anlam\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru anlayan Ermeni halk\u0131, tarih boyunca Ermeni alfabesini yabanc\u0131 istilac\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca silah\u0131 olarak kabul etmi\u015ftir. Ermeni alfabesinin harfleri, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca varolu\u015f direkleri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

      Surb Mesrop Ma\u015ftots, kral\u0131n ve ba\u015fpatri\u011fin deste\u011fiyle Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6relerinde Ermeni alfabesinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 okullar a\u00e7arak Ermenice \u00f6\u011frenimine ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

      Akabinde, ba\u015fpatrik ve Surb Mesrop Ma\u015ftots, Ermeni okullar\u0131 kurup Ermeni alfabesini \u00f6\u011fretmek amac\u0131yla Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Bizans b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ge\u00e7erler. Lakin Bizansl\u0131lar, Bizans Ermenistan\u2019\u0131ndaki Ermenilerin Kesaria metropolitli\u011fine tabi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek buna engel oldular. Surb Mesrop Ma\u015ftots, \u015fahsen Konstantinopel\u2019e gidip, imparatordan misyonunu yerine getirme izni ald\u0131. Surp Mesrop Ermenistan\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde III. Arta\u015fes (422-428) kral olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

      Surb Mesrop, hayat\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar Ermenistan ve kom\u015fu b\u00f6lgeleri dola\u015f\u0131p okullar kurdu, Ermeni harflerinin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

      \u00c7evirmenli\u011fin ve Ermeni edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu\u015fu<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Bu \u00f6nemli u\u011fra\u015f\u0131n haricinde Ermenistan\u2019da \u00e7evirmenli\u011fin ve Ermeni edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fu\u015fu ve geli\u015fimi ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

      \u00c7evirmenlik i\u015fini Surb Sahak Partev y\u00f6netmekte, \u00f6ncelikle Kutsal Kitap\u2019\u0131 Asurcadan Ermeniceye \u00e7evirmekteydi. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, en iyi \u00f6\u011frencilerini, Asurca ve Yunancay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenip H\u0131ristiyan \u00e2limlerinin eserlerini terc\u00fcme etmeleri niyetiyle, zaman\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezlerine Yedesia\u2019ya (Urfa), Amid\u2019e (Diyarbak\u0131r), Aleksandria\u2019ya (\u0130skenderun), Atenk\u2019e (Atina), Konstantinopolis\u2019e (Konstantinopel, \u0130stanbul) vs. g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n

      \u00c7evrilen kitaplarla birlikte paralel olarak Ermeni edebiyat\u0131 da teoloji, ahlak, yorum, tenkit, methiye, biyografi, anlat\u0131m vs. gibi farkl\u0131 stillerde geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

      Asur ve Yunan H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k \u00f6\u011fretisinin t\u00fcm \u00f6nemli kitaplar\u0131 k\u0131sa zamanda Ermeniceye \u00e7evrilir. \u00c7evirmenler, 431\/2 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Konstantinopel\u2019den Yunanca \u0130ncil\u2019in se\u00e7kin \u00f6rneklerini getirip, Ermenice \u0130ncil\u2019de d\u00fczenlemeler yaparlar. \u00c7evirmenlerin hizmetleri o derece b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc ki, Ermeni Kilisesi taraf\u0131ndan azizlik mertebesiyle \u015fereflendirilip, her y\u0131l \u201c\u00c7evirmenler Yortusu\u201dnda b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00f6renlerle an\u0131lmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

      G\u00fcrcistan ve A\u011fvank\u2019\u0131n (Albanya, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019\u0131 ve dolaylar\u0131) ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Misyonuna Go\u011ft\u0131n b\u00f6lgesinden ba\u015flayan Surb Mesrop Ma\u015ftots, S\u00fcnik ve G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a da ge\u00e7erek kral Bakur ve episkopos Movses\u2019le g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp, G\u00fcrc\u00fc alfabesi yaratma konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck yaral\u0131klarda bulunmu\u015f, akabinde de A\u011fvank\u2019\u0131n ayd\u0131nlanma i\u015fine giri\u015fmi\u015ftir. Surb Mesrop\u2019un biyografisini yazm\u0131\u015f olan Kor\u00fcn, A\u011fvanlar i\u00e7in de bir alfabe haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu yazmaktad\u0131r. A\u011fvank kral\u0131 Ars\u0131va\u011fen ve episkopos Yeremia ile i\u015fbirli\u011finde bulunarak okullar kurduktan sonra Ba\u011fasakan b\u00f6lgesine inerek episkopos Mu\u015fe\u011f\u2019le \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve ard\u0131ndan Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n Gardmank b\u00f6lgesine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

      Kaynaklar:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Peder Yeznik Petrosyan, teoloji doktoru, <\/em><\/strong>\u201cErmeni Kilisesi Tarihi\u201d, II k\u0131s\u0131m, (Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan 1441 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar), \u201cHa\u011fbatavank\u201d, Hay\u0131r Derne\u011fi, 1990.<\/em><\/p>\n

      http:\/\/www.zvartnotz.am\/am\/21\/2103<\/a><\/p>\n

      \u00c7eviren Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      354 y\u0131l\u0131nda Surb (Aziz) Nerses taraf\u0131ndan toplan\u0131lan A\u015fti\u015fat Milli-Dini Konseyi, fiiliyatta, kilise hayat\u0131n\u0131 tamamen d\u00fczene sokmakta ve kilisenin faaliyet alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmekteydi. Surb Nerses\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Ermeni Ba\u015fpatrikli\u011fi makam\u0131, Lusavori\u00e7\u2019in s\u00fclalesinden hi\u00e7bir temsilcinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, Kilise y\u00f6netiminde ikincil konumda olan A\u011fbianos ailesi temsilcilerine ge\u00e7er. Kral Pap\u2019\u0131n direktifiyle, katolikos II. Husik\u2019in kutsanmas\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Bu takdisten itibaren […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ermeni-kilisesi-ve-inanci"],"yoast_head":"\n3. Ermenistan kilisesinin \u00f6zerkle\u015fmesi ve Ermenile\u015fmesi - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/04\/09\/3-ermenistan-kilisesinin-ozerklesmesi-ve-ermenilesmesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"3. 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Surb Nerses\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Ermeni Ba\u015fpatrikli\u011fi makam\u0131, Lusavori\u00e7\u2019in s\u00fclalesinden hi\u00e7bir temsilcinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, Kilise y\u00f6netiminde ikincil konumda olan A\u011fbianos ailesi temsilcilerine ge\u00e7er. Kral Pap\u2019\u0131n direktifiyle, katolikos II. Husik\u2019in kutsanmas\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. 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