{"id":1366,"date":"2010-07-26T01:01:36","date_gmt":"2010-07-26T06:01:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=1366"},"modified":"2010-07-26T01:01:36","modified_gmt":"2010-07-26T06:01:36","slug":"hemsinli-ermeniler-kimlerdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/07\/26\/hemsinli-ermeniler-kimlerdir\/","title":{"rendered":"Hem\u015finli Ermeniler kimlerdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Haykazun Alvrtsyan<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Erivan Devlet \u00dcniversitesi,<\/p>\n

Armenoloji Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Filoloji\u00a0 doktoru<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Hem\u015finli Ermeniler XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar genelde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Samsun \u015fehrinden Batum\u2019a kadar uzanan geni\u015f sahil b\u00f6lgelerinde ikamet etmi\u015flerdir. Tarih\u00e7i \u011eevond\u2019un verilerine g\u00f6re 788 y\u0131l\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk\u2019taki Kotayk ve Aragatzotn nahiyelerinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 12\u00a0000 ki\u015fi, Arap h\u00e2kimlerin bask\u0131lar\u0131na dayanamay\u0131p Abas Amatuni ve o\u011flu Hamam Bayazat \u00f6nderli\u011finde Ermenistan\u2019\u0131 terk edip Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Pontus\u2019a yerle\u015firler. Belirtmek gerekir ki, Pontus\u2019ta Ermeniler antik devirlerden beri ikamet etmi\u015flerdir. Daha sonraki y\u00fczy\u0131llarda bu say\u0131, politik ve ekonomik bask\u0131lardan dolay\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinden g\u00f6\u00e7 edenler sayesinde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Bizans imparatoru Konstantin, Ermenileri memnunlukla kabul eder, verimli topraklara yerle\u015ftirir, Ermeni prenslere ise bir m\u00fcddet sonra sava\u015ftan dolay\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131lacak olan Tambur \u015fehrini hediye verir. Hamam Amatuni bu \u015fehri yeniden kurar ve kendi ismiyle Hamama\u015fen (bundan da Ham\u015fen – Hem\u015fin) adland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hamam Amatuni\u2019nin kurdu\u011fu beylik tam yedi y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra 1489 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Hem\u015fin\u2019in, ba\u015fta Bizans ve daha sonra da 13. yy.da Pontus \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu b\u00fcnyesinde yar\u0131-ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir durumu vard\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu kurulduktan k\u0131sa zaman sonra Ermeniler ve imparatorlu\u011fun di\u011fer H\u0131ristiyan milletlerine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilen dini ve etnik ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fck, s\u0131k-s\u0131k sava\u015flara sebep olmu\u015ftur. Hem\u015fin beyli\u011fi yeterince kuvvetli olup, halk\u0131 ise cesur ve h\u00fcrriyet sever olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Osmanl\u0131 gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir imparatorlu\u011fun bir ka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k bask\u0131 ve takibine direnemeyece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin direni\u015f tarihi say\u0131s\u0131z kahramanl\u0131k sayfalar\u0131yla doludur, fakat sonu\u00e7ta ma\u011flubiyetleri, \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 ve katliamlara u\u011framalar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olmu\u015ftur. Bu politika 18. yy. ba\u015flar\u0131nda kararl\u0131 bir safhaya girdi\u011finde Hem\u015finli Ermeniler katliamlardan ka\u00e7\u0131p Karadeniz sahilleri boyunca yay\u0131ld\u0131lar. \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lanlar ise daha sonraki bask\u0131 ve katliam dalgalar\u0131ndan kurtulabildiler.<\/p>\n

Asimilasyona kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ara\u00e7lar\u0131 dil, din, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, adet ve t\u00f6renlerin korunmas\u0131 ile karma evliliklerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak olmu\u015ftur. Hem\u015finli Ermeniler bu konularda \u00e7ok titizdi. Osmanl\u0131 makamlar\u0131, Ermenice konu\u015fanlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck cezalara \u00e7arpt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, Ermenice konu\u015fanlar\u0131n dillerinin kesildi\u011fi olmu\u015ftur, bu ise direni\u015fin ne denli g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011funun bir g\u00f6stergesidir Ermenilerin baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde bir y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra bile ayaklan\u0131p kendi dinlerine d\u00f6nd\u00fckleri konusunda veriler bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u201cPontus Tarihi\u201d eserinin yazar\u0131 M.B\u0131j\u0131\u015fkyan, 19. yy. ba\u015flar\u0131nda bu y\u00f6releri ziyaret etmi\u015f ve \u0130slamla\u015fm\u0131\u015f Ermeniler hakk\u0131nda, \u201cHem\u015finliler yar\u0131-yar\u0131ya\u2019d\u0131r (yar\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan, yar\u0131 \u0130slam), \u00e7o\u011fu dinlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f, fakat H\u0131ristiyan adetlerini koruyup kiliselere gitmek ve zek\u00e2t vermekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmazlar; hemen herkes Vardavar ve Verapokhum bayram\u0131nda kiliseye gidip, mum yak\u0131p atalar\u0131n\u0131n ruhu i\u00e7in kurban keserler… H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilen ihtiyarlar var, onlar ha\u00e7\u0131 sayarlar ve kiliselere gizlice zek\u00e2t verirler\u201d diye yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Benzeri ifadeler yabanc\u0131 kaynaklarda da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Amerikal\u0131 Protestan misyonerler Smith ve Dwite bu y\u00f6relerde seyahat etmi\u015f ve 1831 y\u0131l\u0131nda Londra\u2019da, daha sonra ise 1833 y\u0131l\u0131nda Boston\u2019da yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f seyahat notlar\u0131nda \u201cErmeniler aras\u0131nda da … belli bir k\u0131s\u0131m M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u2019d\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye\u2026 Ham\u015fen denir. Katolik Ermeni olan Trabzonlu muhatab\u0131m\u0131z, 70\u201380 k\u00f6ylerde ikamet eden 3\u20134 bin Ermeni aile bulundu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. \u00c7o\u011fu yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 y\u0131l evvel M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015f, fakat onlar bug\u00fcne kadar Ermenice konu\u015fur kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu ba\u015fka bir dil bilmez\u201d, diye yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Devaml\u0131 bask\u0131lar, zorbal\u0131klar ve takibata ra\u011fmen Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin yar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z durumu daha uzun zaman devam etmi\u015ftir. 19. yy.da Hem\u015fin\u2019de seyahat etmi\u015f K.Koch\u2019un yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 temel al\u0131p H.Ta\u015fyan \u201cB\u00f6yle zor eri\u015filir da\u011flarda beyli\u011fin yar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z durumunu korumalar\u0131 kolayd\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 idaresi alt\u0131nda da durum uzun s\u00fcre b\u00f6yle kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve Koch daha kendi seyahati esnas\u0131nda (1840\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda) devam eden bu durumu \u00e7ok g\u00fczel anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d diye yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

O tarihlerde ya\u015fayan birinin belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re bu yar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z durumun sebebi b\u00fct\u00fcn Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin \u201cbabadan o\u011fla askere yaz\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r, onlar\u0131 idare eden bir Ermeni beyi vard\u0131r, hi\u00e7 kimseden korkular\u0131 yok, sadece derebeyleriyle sava\u015fa giderler ve \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc insanlard\u0131r\u201d (M.B\u0131j\u0131\u015fkyan).<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 verilere g\u00f6re Trabzon vilayetinde 1915 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar H\u0131ristiyan Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131 100 binden fazla olup \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flar\u0131n rakam\u0131 daha da fazlayd\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Ermeniler zaman i\u00e7inde H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131ktan ve kiliseden \u00e7ok uzakla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 halde kendi millet bilin\u00e7lerini korumakta, \u00e7o\u011fu Ermenice konu\u015fmakta ve Ermeni olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belli etmek i\u00e7in kendilerini Hem\u015fil olarak adland\u0131rmaktayd\u0131lar. Yerle\u015fim yerlerinin ve di\u011fer yer isimlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu Ermeniceydi.<\/p>\n

Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m alan\u0131<\/strong>: 1860\u201370 y\u0131llar\u0131nda H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin, ba\u015fta Yekaterinodar (Krasnodar) vilayeti ve Abhazya olmak \u00fczere Rusya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun sahil b\u00f6lgelerine g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ba\u015flar. 1890\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen katliamlar ve \u00f6zellikle 1915 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 sonucunda hayatta kalan H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finli Ermeniler Rusya, Abhazya ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeleri ve Ermenistan\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r (Ermenice konu\u015ftuklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bir k\u0131s\u0131m M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finli de soyk\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0Hem\u015finli Ermeniler\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pontus\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ermenileri<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131 ve XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Hem\u015fin Ermenileri genelde Karadeniz\u2019in Pontus k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda yerle\u015fik olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00f6zellikle 1915 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra onlar\u0131n yerle\u015fim alan\u0131 geni\u015flemi\u015ftir. Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan kurtulan Hem\u015fin Ermenileri Karadeniz\u2019in Rusya k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na yerle\u015fip yeni cemaatler kurdular. Belirtmek gerekir ki, bu yeni yerle\u015fim yerleri Abhazya\u2019dan Anapa\u2019ya kadar uzanan sahil \u015feridine yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu b\u00f6lgeler, Pontus sahillerinin tabii uzant\u0131s\u0131 olarak iklim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da Pontus iklimine \u00e7ok benzemekteydi.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece, uzun s\u00fcreli ve sistematik zorunlu \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131rma politikas\u0131, takibatlar ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m neticesinde Hem\u015fin Ermenileri iki temel gruba b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (Bert Wooks):<\/p>\n

1. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Pontus k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Hem\u015fin Ermenileri.<\/p>\n

2. Karadeniz\u2019in Abhazya ve Rusya k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan H\u0131ristiyan Hem\u015finli Ermeniler.<\/p>\n

Bu da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n temelinde \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli etken bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Yerle\u015fim yeri<\/li>\n
  2. \u0130nan\u00e7<\/li>\n
  3. Dil-k\u00fclt\u00fcr etmeni<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0130slamla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan kesim, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Pontus k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r ve S\u00fcnni \u0130slam inan\u0131\u015f\u0131na sahiptir ve ayn\u0131 dil-k\u00fclt\u00fcr ortam\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    H\u0131ristiyan kesim Karadeniz\u2019in Rusya k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ve tekrar tek bir \u00fclkenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Ermeni Apostolik kilisesi \u00fcyesidir ve ayn\u0131 dil-k\u00fclt\u00fcr ortam\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Burada bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmak gere\u011fi duymaktay\u0131z. \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131 ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi sonu\u00e7 olarak ayn\u0131 devletlerdi ve bu a\u00e7\u0131dan Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 veya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmas\u0131 bir \u00f6nem arz etmemekteydi. Bug\u00fcn de Abhazya, fiili olarak Rusya\u2019n\u0131n egemenli\u011finde bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Dil konusunda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren bir sistematik konusuna da de\u011finmek gerekir. \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kesim i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk\u00e7e anadildir, herkes i\u00e7in genel oland\u0131r. L\u00e2kin Hopa\u2019da ya\u015fayan 35\u201340 bin Ermeni, son 25\u201330 y\u0131lda bu konuda belli oranda bir gerileme olmakla birlikte, Ham\u015fen a\u011fz\u0131na da vak\u0131ft\u0131r<\/p>\n

    Benzer bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 H\u0131ristiyan kesimde de g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir. Daha 50\u201360 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Ermeni dili (yaz\u0131 dili dahil) herkes taraf\u0131ndan bilinen g\u00fcndelik kullanma diliyken, bug\u00fcn ayn\u0131 \u015feyi s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00d6zellikle \u015fehirli Hem\u015fin Ermenileri aras\u0131nda Rus\u00e7a, ba\u015fat olup g\u00fcndelik konu\u015fma diline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Gen\u00e7 nesil ise tamam\u0131yla Rus\u00e7an\u0131n etkisinde bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Hem\u015fin Ermenileri yerle\u015fim yerleri, inan\u00e7lar\u0131 ve dillerine g\u00f6re g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00fc\u00e7 temel gruba ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (Bert Wooks).<\/p>\n

    a)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bat\u0131 Hem\u015fin Ermenileri:<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon ve Rize illerinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Genelde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015furlar. Dinleri S\u00fcnni \u0130slam\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    b)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Do\u011fu Hem\u015fin Ermenileri:<\/strong> Artvin ilinde, \u00f6zellikle Hopa \u015fehri ve \u00e7evredeki 30 k\u00f6yde, k\u0131smen de Bor\u00e7ka\u2019da ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Ermenice konu\u015furlar ve Ham\u015fen a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015flard\u0131r. Dinleri S\u00fcnni \u0130slam\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    c)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kuzey Hem\u015fin Ermenileri:<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck topluluklar halinde Abhazya\u2019da ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Krasnodar B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Ham\u015fen a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131n Ordu, Canik ve Trabzon \u015fivesiyle konu\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Rus\u00e7aya vak\u0131ft\u0131rlar ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Ermeni yaz\u0131 diline de h\u00e2kimdir. Dinleri H\u0131ristiyan\u2019d\u0131r ve Ermeni Apostolik Kilisesi\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

    ABKHAZIA\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0KRASNODAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Benzer bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma belli bir mant\u0131\u011fa dayanmakla birlikte, daha genel sistematikleri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmektedir. B\u00f6ylece, dil konusunu ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda Hopa Ermenilerini ikinci gruba yerle\u015ftirmekle beraber inan\u00e7 ve yay\u0131lma alan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan onlar kesin olarak birinci grupta yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0Amerika ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde de Hem\u015finli Ermeni toplumlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finli Ermeniler (Hem\u015fil) en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Almanya\u2019da olmak \u00fczere Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde yeni toplumlar olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bir\u00e7ok Hem\u015finli Ermeni, kendi tarihi yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgelerinin haricinde \u0130zmit y\u00f6resi, Erzurum, Ankara, \u0130zmir, \u0130stanbul gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fehirlerinde de ikamet etmektedir.<\/p>\n

    M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finli Ermeniler kendilerine Hem\u015fil (Hem\u015finli) demekte, bu isim T\u00fcrkler ve di\u011fer uluslar taraf\u0131ndan da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130lgin\u00e7 olan, dinlerini, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise dillerini de kaybetmelerine ra\u011fmen Hem\u015fin Ermenileri kimlik bilin\u00e7lerini koruyup T\u00fcrkle\u015fmediler ve T\u00fcrkleri de kendilerini kendi memleketlerinin ismiyle anmaya mecbur ettiler.<\/p>\n

    Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki veriler.<\/strong> Bu konu hakk\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Tabii ki bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7 biri somut hesaplara dayanmamaktad\u0131r. Yukar\u0131da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin yerle\u015fim yeri ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 haricinde, mezhep ve dil a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli gruplara b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f olmalar\u0131 durumu daha da zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum ise, \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ciddi engeller olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Konunun ele al\u0131nmas\u0131na T\u00fcrk makamlar\u0131 ho\u015f bakmad\u0131klar\u0131ndan, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar da genelde sadece baz\u0131 dil, folklor, din de\u011fi\u015ftirme meselelerini incelemi\u015fledir.<\/p>\n

    \u00c7e\u015fitli ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar de\u011fi\u015fik rakamlar sunmaktad\u0131r. Rakamlar on binler ile 1,5\u20132 milyon aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmekte, hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131 daha da y\u00fcksek rakamlar telaffuz etmektedir. 25\u201340 bin rakam\u0131n\u0131 kabul edenler herhalde sadece Hopa y\u00f6resindeki Ermenice konu\u015fan Hem\u015finli Ermenileri kastetmektedirler. Aliye Alt\u2019\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir milyondan fazla \u0130slamla\u015fm\u0131\u015f Hem\u015fin Ermenisi bulundu\u011funa dair verileri daha kabul edilebilir gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Hem\u015filler Orta Asya ve Rusya\u2019da da ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Bunlar\u0131n toplam say\u0131s\u0131 5 bin kadard\u0131r. Hemen t\u00fcm\u00fc ana leh\u00e7elerini kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Abhazya\u2019da ikamet eden Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131 1992\u201393 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki G\u00fcrc\u00fc-Abhaz sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra 25 bin ile azal\u0131p 65\u201370 bine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. G\u00f6\u00e7 edenler Rusya\u2019ya yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

    Rusya\u2019da ya\u015fayan Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir fikir olu\u015fturmak epeyce zordur. De\u011fi\u015fik hesaplara g\u00f6re bu say\u0131 300\u2013400 bin civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Ermenistan\u2019da baz\u0131 verilere g\u00f6re 4000\u20135000 Hem\u015finli Ermeni vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan sonra Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerine ve ABD\u2019ye yerle\u015fen Hem\u015finli Ermeniler hakk\u0131nda baz\u0131 veriler bulunmakla birlikte hen\u00fcz bu konuda ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

    Bu verilere g\u00f6re Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin toplam say\u0131s\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k bir bu\u00e7uk milyon kadard\u0131r, fakat bu rakam, tabii ki ger\u00e7ek durumu yans\u0131tmaktan uzakt\u0131r. Her ne kadar bu say\u0131 abart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda (M\u00fcsl\u00fcman veya H\u0131ristiyan) yo\u011fun bir Ermeni kitlesinin bulunuyor olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Belki de Hem\u015fin biliminin di\u011fer alanlarla birlikte Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin say\u0131s\u0131 ve co\u011frafyas\u0131 \u00fczerine de ciddi yakla\u015fmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Hem\u015fin bilimi hakk\u0131nda k\u0131sa bir bilgi.<\/strong> Hem\u015filler b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc etkisi alt\u0131nda bulunmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen esas itibariyle milli t\u00f6renlerini, adetlerini, \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fcziklerini, danslar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcncel ya\u015fam\u0131n bir\u00e7ok \u00f6zelliklerini ve ana leh\u00e7elerini korumu\u015flard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k evlilikler ve yabanc\u0131 mezarl\u0131klarda defnedilmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmalar\u0131 da enteresand\u0131r. \u0130slam\u2019dan H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f ve atalar\u0131n soy ismini yeniden alm\u0131\u015f olan yazar Tigran Kostanyan \u201cMemleketimiz olan Rize \u015fehri sakinlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu Ermeni oldu\u011fumuzu bilirlerdi. Bizim, T\u00fcrklerle birlikte mezarl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z yoktu. Biz cenazelerimizi bah\u00e7elerimizde topra\u011fa verirdik\u201d, diye ifade etmektedir. (Ditak, 2002, Mart-Nisan)<\/p>\n

    Milli kimlik bilinci ve bunu koruma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n enteresan ve kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc d\u0131\u015favurumlar\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan birka\u00e7\u0131 \u00fczerinde durmaya de\u011fer:<\/p>\n

    a. Anadili (leh\u00e7eyi) koruma. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan (Bat\u0131) Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin bile bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Hem\u015fin leh\u00e7esini bilmektedir. Do\u011fu (Artvin vilayeti) Hem\u015finli Ermeniler ise esas itibariyle ana leh\u00e7elerini korumu\u015ftur;<\/p>\n

    b. Adetler, t\u00f6renler, folklor, t\u00fcrk\u00fcler ve danslar, \u00e7alg\u0131lar, giyim vs. b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda korunmu\u015ftur. \u00c7ok dikkat \u00e7ekici bir durum da b\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin (hem Ermenice konu\u015fan, hem de T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fan Hem\u015filler) her y\u0131l Temmuz ay\u0131n\u0131n 15-22\u2019de Rize vilayetinin \u00c7aml\u0131hem\u015fin kasabas\u0131nda Vardavar (Vartivor) kutlamalar\u0131d\u0131r. Anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r sebeplerden dolay\u0131 dini t\u00f6ren yok olmu\u015f ve milli m\u00fczi\u011fin, dans ile geleneklerin tiyatrola\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir bayram\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. (\u015eark\u0131lar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7edir, fakat Hopa Ermenileri Ermenice \u015farklar\u0131 da korumu\u015ftur).<\/p>\n

    Bir\u00e7ok soru daha ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 beklemektedir, \u00f6rne\u011fin, son 2\u20133 y\u00fczy\u0131l zarf\u0131nda \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin (Hem\u015filler) etno-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hangi yabanc\u0131 etkiler alt\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, ne kaybetti\u011fi, ne koruyabildikleri vs.<\/p>\n

    Bu sorular (ve genel olarak Pontus Ermenileri) 19 yy.da ve 20 yy. ba\u015f\u0131nda Ermeni biliminde b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6r\u00fcp Ermeni ve yabanc\u0131 yazarlarca (S. Haykuni, N. Kh\u015ftyan, B. G\u00fcleseryan, P. Tumayants, V. Da\u015fyan, M. B\u0131j\u0131\u015fkyan, \u011e. \u0130ncicyan, N. Mar, N. Derjavin, P. Korolenko, S. Mintslov, K. Koch vs) bir\u00e7ok eser yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonraki 50\u201360 y\u0131llarda bu ilgi azald\u0131 ve o d\u00f6nemden sadece birka\u00e7 isim kald\u0131 belleklerde: Hr. A\u00e7aryan, L. Melikset-Bek, C. Dumezil…<\/p>\n

    1970\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan beri ise Hem\u015fin biliminde baz\u0131 olumlu geli\u015fmeler g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Milli az\u0131nl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 artan ilgi Hem\u015finli Ermenileri de kapsad\u0131: Ermeni, Rus, Alman, Hollandal\u0131, Amerikal\u0131, T\u00fcrk, G\u00fcrc\u00fc ve di\u011fer milletlerden uzmanlar (L. Kha\u00e7ikyan, B. Torlakyan, V. B\u0131doyan, S. Vardanyan, A. Ter-Sargisyants, J. Kha\u00e7atryan, H. Simonyan, C. Dumezil, J. Russel, J. Weitenberg, W. Blessing, R. Edwards, B. Wooks, \u0130. Kuznetsov, M. Sakao\u011flu, Ts. Batza\u015fi, \u0130. \u015eilkadze vs.) son 20\u201330 y\u0131lda Hem\u015fin ve Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin tarihi, etnografyas\u0131, leh\u00e7esi, mezhebi, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, giyimi vs. hakk\u0131nda bir dizi ara\u015ft\u0131rma\u00a0 yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Son y\u0131llarda bu sorun ile ilgilenenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 gitgide artmaktad\u0131r ve onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda Hem\u015fil as\u0131ll\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n var olmas\u0131 memnunluk vericidir. Onlardan birisini belirtmek istiyorum. Aliye Alt, Rize\u2019de do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Frankfurt \u00fcniversitesinde tahsil g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve vaftiz olarak atalar\u0131n\u0131n Kostanyan (Alis Kostanyan) soy ismini kabul etmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Ermeniler hakk\u0131ndaki de\u011ferli eseri Almanca yay\u0131nlan\u0131p Yunancaya da terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Abhazya ve Rusya\u2019da ikamet eden Kuzey Hem\u015finli Ermeniler tarih, dil, etno-k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve din bilinci a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Ermeni kimli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131makta ve Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer gruplar\u0131yla ayn\u0131 etno-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel toplumun par\u00e7as\u0131 olma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olmamalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Hem\u015finli Ermenilerin durumu farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Aliye Alt bu durumu \u201cHem\u015finli Ermeniler, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel g\u00fc\u00e7lerin birbirileriyle olan serbest ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n engellenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ve onun te\u015fvikinin zaman\u0131n gere\u011fi oldu\u011fu belirgin bir durgun safhada bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    En \u00f6nemli olan\u0131n korundu\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc canland\u0131rabilmek i\u00e7in Hem\u015finli Ermeniler, ger\u00e7e\u011fin ve bu ger\u00e7e\u011fin kavranmas\u0131 ile d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131 olan Hem\u015finlilerin simgeleri ve t\u00f6renleriyle genel ruhu sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmaya ve bununla da birlik hissini kuvvetlendirmeye karar vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

    Susanlar\u0131n ve suskunlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan s\u00f6z g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r. Bu enerji vas\u0131tas\u0131yla biz hayat\u0131m\u0131za, bilime, do\u011faya ve t\u00fcm k\u00e2inata anlam vermekteyiz. S\u00f6z\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fc sayesinde biz kendimizi i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f korkular\u0131m\u0131zdan ve \u015fiddetten kurtulabilir veya kendimizi k\u00f6lele\u015ftirmeye b\u0131rakabiliriz… S\u00f6zler ve kelimeler bilimsel b\u00fct\u00fcn dallardan olu\u015fan insan bilincinin temel ta\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r\u201d diye epeyce isabetli bir yorum yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    HEM\u015e\u0130N VE HEM\u015e\u0130NL\u0130 ERMEN\u0130LER<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0(k o n f e r a n s\u00a0\u00a0 m a k a l e l e r i)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    ERIVAN\u00a0 – 2 0 0 7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u00a0Haykazun Alvrtsyan\u00a0 \u00a0Erivan Devlet \u00dcniversitesi, Armenoloji Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc \u00a0 Filoloji\u00a0 doktoru \u00a0 Hem\u015finli Ermeniler XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar genelde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Samsun \u015fehrinden Batum\u2019a kadar uzanan geni\u015f sahil b\u00f6lgelerinde ikamet etmi\u015flerdir. Tarih\u00e7i \u011eevond\u2019un verilerine g\u00f6re 788 y\u0131l\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk\u2019taki Kotayk ve Aragatzotn nahiyelerinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 12\u00a0000 ki\u015fi, Arap h\u00e2kimlerin bask\u0131lar\u0131na dayanamay\u0131p Abas Amatuni ve o\u011flu Hamam […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1366","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hamsen-hemsin"],"yoast_head":"\nHem\u015finli Ermeniler kimlerdir? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/07\/26\/hemsinli-ermeniler-kimlerdir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hem\u015finli Ermeniler kimlerdir? - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0Haykazun Alvrtsyan\u00a0 \u00a0Erivan Devlet \u00dcniversitesi, Armenoloji Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc \u00a0 Filoloji\u00a0 doktoru \u00a0 Hem\u015finli Ermeniler XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar genelde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Samsun \u015fehrinden Batum\u2019a kadar uzanan geni\u015f sahil b\u00f6lgelerinde ikamet etmi\u015flerdir. Tarih\u00e7i \u011eevond\u2019un verilerine g\u00f6re 788 y\u0131l\u0131nda B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayk\u2019taki Kotayk ve Aragatzotn nahiyelerinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 12\u00a0000 ki\u015fi, Arap h\u00e2kimlerin bask\u0131lar\u0131na dayanamay\u0131p Abas Amatuni ve o\u011flu Hamam […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/07\/26\/hemsinli-ermeniler-kimlerdir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-07-26T06:01:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/07\/Yaylalar_HemsinHartia.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"kalem\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"kalem\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/07\/26\/hemsinli-ermeniler-kimlerdir\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2010\/07\/26\/hemsinli-ermeniler-kimlerdir\/\",\"name\":\"Hem\u015finli Ermeniler kimlerdir? 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