{"id":13625,"date":"2012-03-31T06:55:35","date_gmt":"2012-03-31T11:55:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=13625"},"modified":"2012-03-31T06:55:35","modified_gmt":"2012-03-31T11:55:35","slug":"esitlikte-en-iyisi-ruanda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/03\/31\/esitlikte-en-iyisi-ruanda\/","title":{"rendered":"E\u015fitlikte en iyisi Ruanda!"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi konusunda d\u00fcnya anayasalar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen Meclis uzmanlar\u0131 s\u00fcrpriz bir sonu\u00e7la kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Anayasa Uzla\u015fma Komisyonu\u2019na sunulan raporda, e\u015fitlik ve insan haklar\u0131 konusunda \u00f6rnek al\u0131nabilecek en iyi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin Ruanda ve G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da bulundu\u011fu vurguland\u0131.<\/em><\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n

Meclis Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi\u2019nin \u201cToplumsal cinsiyet\u201d konulu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 Anayasa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda, bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma veya otoriter rejimden \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fclkelerin e\u015fitli\u011fi somutla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in daha demokratik h\u00fck\u00fcmler kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekildi.<\/p>\n

Rapordaki baz\u0131 tespitler \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada ilk s\u0131rada Ruanda<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u00d6rne\u011fin d\u00fcnya parlamentolar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kad\u0131n milletvekili oran\u0131 ile ilk s\u0131rada yer alan Ruanda Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ns\u00f6z\u00fcnde, anayasan\u0131n; \u2018temel insan haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131ya, \u00e7o\u011fulcu demokrasi, adil g\u00fc\u00e7 payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve meselelerin diyalog yoluyla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne dayal\u0131 bir hukuk devleti in\u015fa etmeye kararl\u0131… Toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi ve ulusal kalk\u0131nmada tamamlay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ilkelerine halel getirmeksizin, Ruandal\u0131lar aras\u0131nda ve kad\u0131nlar ile erkekler aras\u0131nda e\u015fit haklar sa\u011flamaya adanm\u0131\u015f\u2019 oldu\u011fu belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n

En iyi uygulama G. Afrika\u2019da<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcney Afrika Anayasas\u0131 toplumsal cinsiyet d\u00fczenlemesi konusunda en iyi uygulama modelini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Hem e\u015fitli\u011fe hem de haks\u0131z ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dair d\u00fczenlemeler i\u00e7ermektedir: \u2018Herkes yasa \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fittir ve e\u015fit koruma ve kanundan yararlanma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Devlet hi\u00e7bir ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 \u0131rk, toplumsal cinsiyet, cinsiyet, hamilelik, medeni durum, etnik veya sosyal k\u00f6ken, renk, cinsel y\u00f6nelim, ya\u015f, engellilik, din, vicdan, inan\u00e7, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, dil ve do\u011fum dahil olmak \u00fczere bir veya daha fazla temellere dayal\u0131 olarak do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yapamaz.\u2019<\/p>\n

\u00c7er\u00e7evesi \u00f6nemli<\/strong><\/p>\n

Toplumsal cinsiyete duyarl\u0131 bir anayasa, hukuk devleti, toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi ve erkekler ve kad\u0131nlara ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn vatanda\u015flar\u0131n onuruna sayg\u0131n\u0131n tesisini bir araya getiren demokratik ilkelerin benimsenmesini gerektirir. \u00d6zel olarak toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri i\u00e7ermekle kalmay\u0131p tamam\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7er\u00e7evesini insan haklar\u0131 diliyle \u00e7izer.\u201d<\/p>\n

Mo\u011folistan\u2019\u0131n kad\u0131n at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

1990-1993 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kanl\u0131 bir i\u00e7 sava\u015f ya\u015fayan 11.4 milyon n\u00fcfuslu Orta Afrika \u00fclkesi Ruanda ile 1994\u2019e kadar \u201capartheid\u201d (\u0131rk ayr\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131) rejimiyle y\u00f6netilen 50.5 milyon n\u00fcfuslu G\u00fcney Afrika, toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi konusunda d\u00fcnyada y\u00fckseli\u015fte olan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n iki \u00fclke son iki y\u0131lda geriledi ve d\u00fcnyaya bir model olarak sunulmaktan h\u00e2l\u00e2 uzak bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc sergiliyorlar.<\/p>\n

Kuzey Avrupa ise bu alanda liderli\u011fi b\u0131rakm\u0131yor. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Kalk\u0131nma Program\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (UNDP) 2011 \u0130nsani Geli\u015fme Raporu\u2019nda toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilk be\u015f s\u0131ray\u0131; \u0130sve\u00e7, Hollanda, Danimarka, \u0130svi\u00e7re ve Finlandiya alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ruanda bu listede 82\u2019nci, G\u00fcney Afrika ise 94\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada bulunuyor. 2010 raporunda ise Ruanda 83, G\u00fcney Afrika 82\u2019nci s\u0131radayd\u0131. BM uzmanlar\u0131, bu kapsaml\u0131 raporu olu\u015ftururken kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim<\/a>, siyaset ve ekonomideki g\u00fc\u00e7lerini \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Sosyoekonomik adaletsizlik<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu y\u0131lki 8 Mart D\u00fcnya Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc<\/a> arifesinde Social Watch adl\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u2018Toplumsal Cinsiyet E\u015fitli\u011fi Endeksi\u2019ne g\u00f6re, incelenen 154 \u00fclkeden hi\u00e7biri, 2011\u2019de cinsiyet e\u015fitsizli\u011fini \u201ckabul edilebilir\u201d bir aral\u0131\u011fa \u00e7ekmeyi ba\u015faramad\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n 77\u2019nci s\u0131radaki Ruanda\u2019n\u0131n; Mo\u011folistan, Filipinler ve Nikaragua ile birlikte son d\u00f6nemde olumlu bir at\u0131l\u0131m yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00fclkede 2003\u2019te haz\u0131rlanan ve t\u00fcm karar organlar\u0131nda kad\u0131nlara y\u00fczde 30 kota \u00f6ng\u00f6ren anayasa \u00f6v\u00fclse de (pozitif ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k sayesinde 2008 se\u00e7imleri sonucunda parlamentonun y\u00fczde 56\u2019s\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti), \u00fclkede s\u00fcren sosyoekonomik adaletsizlik, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015finin h\u00e2l\u00e2 zor olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Bunun temel nedenlerinden biri, miras ve m\u00fclkiyet yasalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 erkekler lehine olmas\u0131. G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da da kad\u0131nlar ayn\u0131 dertten mustarip.
\n
\nB\u00fclent Sar\u0131o\u011flu \/ H\u00fcrriyet<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi konusunda d\u00fcnya anayasalar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen Meclis uzmanlar\u0131 s\u00fcrpriz bir sonu\u00e7la kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Anayasa Uzla\u015fma Komisyonu\u2019na sunulan raporda, e\u015fitlik ve insan haklar\u0131 konusunda \u00f6rnek al\u0131nabilecek en iyi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin Ruanda ve G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da bulundu\u011fu vurguland\u0131. Meclis Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi\u2019nin \u201cToplumsal cinsiyet\u201d konulu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 Anayasa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda, bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma veya otoriter rejimden \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fclkelerin e\u015fitli\u011fi somutla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in daha demokratik […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\nE\u015fitlikte en iyisi Ruanda! - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/03\/31\/esitlikte-en-iyisi-ruanda\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"E\u015fitlikte en iyisi Ruanda! - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Toplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi konusunda d\u00fcnya anayasalar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen Meclis uzmanlar\u0131 s\u00fcrpriz bir sonu\u00e7la kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Anayasa Uzla\u015fma Komisyonu\u2019na sunulan raporda, e\u015fitlik ve insan haklar\u0131 konusunda \u00f6rnek al\u0131nabilecek en iyi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin Ruanda ve G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da bulundu\u011fu vurguland\u0131. 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