{"id":13381,"date":"2012-03-24T03:00:15","date_gmt":"2012-03-24T08:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=13381"},"modified":"2012-03-24T03:00:15","modified_gmt":"2012-03-24T08:00:15","slug":"cumhuriyetin-azinlik-raporu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/03\/24\/cumhuriyetin-azinlik-raporu\/","title":{"rendered":"“Cumhuriyet\u2019in \u2018az\u0131nl\u0131k raporu\u2019”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Hrant Dink Davas\u0131\u2019nda \u00e7\u0131kan karar asl\u0131nda beni \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtmad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu topraklardaki gayr\u0131m\u00fcslim d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6klerinin ne kadar derinde, dallar\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu biliyorum. \u0130ktidar partisinin tepkileri yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 \u201cYarg\u0131tay a\u015famas\u0131\u201d s\u00fcrecinin nas\u0131l bitece\u011fini de tahmin ediyorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hem AKP\u2019nin Ergenekonla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bu devletle giderek nas\u0131l b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum, hem de Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n P\u0131nar Selek, U\u011fur Kaymaz, Bask\u0131n Oran, N.\u00c7. ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere daha nice dava hakk\u0131nda verdi\u011fi kararlar\u0131 biliyorum. Bu hafta Cumhuriyet tarihi boyunca, devletin gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimlere kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6zet bir d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yapaca\u011f\u0131m. B\u00f6ylece i\u015fimizin ne kadar zor oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcp tekrar derlenip toparlanal\u0131m.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00bb 16 Mart 1923\u2019te<\/strong>, Mustafa Kemal Adana\u2019da esnafa yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u201cMemleket en sonunda yine ger\u00e7ek sahiplerinin elinde karar k\u0131ld\u0131. Ermeniler ve di\u011ferlerinin burada hi\u00e7bir hakk\u0131 yoktur. Bu bereketli yerler koyu ve \u00f6z T\u00fcrk memleketidir\u201d dedi. B\u00f6ylece Cumhuriyet\u2019in az\u0131nl\u0131k politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7er\u00e7evesi belirlenmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

\u00bb Haziran 1923\u2019te<\/strong>, Yahudi, Rum ve Ermeni memurlar i\u015flerinden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak yerlerine M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar al\u0131nmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Gayr\u0131m\u00fcslim az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n Anadolu\u2019da serbest\u00e7e dola\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131. Karar \u00f6yle ani olmu\u015ftu ki, pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden memleketine d\u00f6nemedi, gitti\u011fi yerde mahsur kald\u0131. Bu yetmezmi\u015f gibi Yahudilerin Filistin\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7melerine de engeller konuldu.<\/p>\n

\u00bb Eyl\u00fcl 1923\u2019te<\/strong>, Kilikya (Adana havalisi) ve Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019dan sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Ermenilerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc yasaklayan bir kararname \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00bb Aral\u0131k 1923\u2019te<\/strong>, \u00c7orlu\u2019da ya\u015fayan birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz ki\u015filik Yahudi cemaatine \u015fehri 48 saat i\u00e7inde terk etmesi emredildi. Hahamba\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcracaat\u0131 \u00fczerine karar ertelendi ancak benzer bir karar \u00c7atalca i\u00e7in al\u0131nd\u0131 ve hemen uyguland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00bb 24 Ocak 1924\u00a0<\/strong>tarihli Eczac\u0131lar Hakk\u0131ndaki Kanun\u2019la eczane a\u00e7ma yetkisi \u201cT\u00fcrk bulunma\u201d meselesine ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 3 Mart 1924\u00a0<\/strong>tarihli Tevhid-i Tedrisat Kanunu uyar\u0131nca 40 kadar Frans\u0131z ve \u0130talyan okulu kapat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra s\u0131ra az\u0131nl\u0131k okullar\u0131n\u0131n binalar\u0131n\u0131n onar\u0131m\u0131nda, geni\u015fletilmelerinde, yeni binalar yapmalar\u0131nda k\u0131s\u0131tlamalara geldi. Okul programlar\u0131 ve s\u0131navlar MEB taraf\u0131ndan denetlenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 3 Nisan 1924\u2019te<\/strong>, kabul edilen Avukatl\u0131k Kanunu uyar\u0131nca 960 avukat iyi ahlakl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirildi ve sonu\u00e7ta 460 avukat\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma izni iptal edildi. B\u00f6ylece Yahudi avukatlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 57\u2019si, Rum avukatlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te biri i\u015fsiz kald\u0131. (\u0130\u015fsiz kalan Ermeni avukat say\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenilemedi.)<\/p>\n

\u00bb 29 Ocak 1925 gecesi<\/strong>, Fener Rum Patrikli\u011fine se\u00e7ilen Arabo\u011flu Konstantinos bir trene bindirilerek Selanik\u2019e g\u00f6nderildi. Su\u00e7u, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ho\u015funa gitmeyen biri olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu durum, Yunanistan taraf\u0131ndan Lozan\u2019\u0131n ihlali olarak La Haye Adalet Divan\u0131\u2019na ve Milletler Cemiyeti\u2019ne g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ancak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u201cPatrikhane\u2019yi de s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131\u015f\u0131 etme\u201d tehdidi savurmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Yunanistan \u015fik\u00e2yetlerini geri \u00e7ekti ve Patrik \u201ckendi iste\u011fiyle istifa etmi\u015f\u201d gibi yap\u0131larak konu kapat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 22 Nisan 1926\u2019da<\/strong>, ticari yaz\u0131\u015fmalarda sadece T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 mecburi k\u0131lan kanundan sonra idari kadrolarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yaz\u0131 diline h\u00e2kim olmayan gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimler i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu y\u00f6netmelik uyar\u0131nca i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Rumlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 be\u015f bindi.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 17 \u015eubat 1926\u2019da<\/strong>, Medeni Kanun\u2019un kabul\u00fcnden sonra, Ermeni, Yahudi ve Rum cemaatleri, birbiri ard\u0131 s\u0131ra, Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile kendilerine tan\u0131nan az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7tiklerini a\u00e7\u0131klamaya zorland\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 1 A\u011fustos 1926\u2019da<\/strong>, devletin Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi 23 A\u011fustos 1924\u2019ten \u00f6nceki tarihlerde gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimlerce edinilmi\u015f t\u00fcm mallar\u0131 m\u00fcsadere etme hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu ilan edildi.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 17 A\u011fustos 1927\u2019de<\/strong>, Elza Niyego adl\u0131 22 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Yahudi k\u0131z\u0131, kendisine \u00e2\u015f\u0131k olan ve uzun s\u00fcredir taciz eden evli ve torun sahibi Osman Rat\u0131p Bey taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Olay\u0131n devlet taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6rtbas edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren Yahudi cemaatinin ilk kez sesini \u00e7\u0131karmaya cesaret etmesi \u00fczerine, gazetelerde yo\u011fun bir Yahudi d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 kampanya ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Baz\u0131 Yahudiler \u201cT\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011fe hakaret ettikleri\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle mahkemeye verildiler.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 13 Ocak 1928\u2019de<\/strong>, rejimin g\u00f6z\u00fcne girmek isteyen bir grup Dar\u00fclf\u00fcnun (\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi) Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi \u00f6\u011frencisinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar uyar\u0131nca, birden vapur, tramvay gibi toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131na \u201cVatanda\u015f T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Konu\u015f!\u201d yaz\u0131l\u0131 pankartlar as\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. D\u00f6nemin gazetelerinde \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7e Konu\u015f!\u201d hitab\u0131na tahamm\u00fcl edemeyen \u201cs\u00f6zde vatanda\u015f\u201dlardan \u015fik\u00e2yet ediliyordu. Bu tarihten itibaren kampanyan\u0131n gereklerine uymad\u0131klar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle pek \u00e7ok gayr\u0131m\u00fcslim hakk\u0131nda T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tahkir davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 11 Nisan 1928\u00a0<\/strong>tarihli Tababet ve \u015euabat\u0131 San\u2019atlar\u0131n\u0131n Tarz-\u0131 \u0130cras\u0131na Dair Kanun\u2019la doktorluk \u201cT\u00fcrk olma\u201d \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fland\u0131. B\u00f6ylece gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimler doktorluk yapamaz oldular.<\/p>\n

\u00bb Eyl\u00fcl 1929\u2019de<\/strong>, \u00a0Defterdarl\u0131k, Yahudi okullar\u0131n\u0131, Or Ahayim Hastanesi\u2019ni, Ortak\u00f6y Yetimhanesi\u2019ni ve sinagoglar\u0131 ticari m\u00fcessese sayarak bunlara yap\u0131lan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve intikalleri vergilendirmeye karar verdi. Uygulama geriye do\u011fru, 1925 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu y\u00fcksek vergileri \u00f6deyemeyen Hahamba\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011fa haciz geldi. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin bask\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar s\u0131k\u0131 takibe al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 1929-1930<\/strong>\u00a0aras\u0131ndaki 18 ay i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrkiyeli Ermenilerden 6.373 ki\u015fi Suriye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 18 Eyl\u00fcl 1930\u2019da<\/strong>, Adalet Vekili Mahmut Esat Bozkurt, \u00d6demi\u015f Yaylas\u0131\u2019nda \u201cBenim fikrim, kanaatim \u015fudur ki, bu memleketin kendisi T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr. \u00d6z T\u00fcrk olmayanlar\u0131n T\u00fcrk vatan\u0131nda bir hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r, o da hizmet\u00e7i olmak, k\u00f6le olmakt\u0131r\u201d \u015feklindeki \u00fcnl\u00fc vecizesini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

\u00bb Ekim 1930<\/strong>\u2019daki Belediye se\u00e7imleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda yeni kurulan Serbest Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (SCF) listesinde alt\u0131 Rum, d\u00f6rt Ermeni ve \u00fc\u00e7 Yahudi olmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, iktidardaki CHF \u015fiddetli bir gayr\u0131m\u00fcslim kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 kampanya ba\u015flatt\u0131. Parti kurulu\u015fundan 99 g\u00fcn sonra kendini feshetmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131 ama gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimlere k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k bitmedi.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 11 Haziran 1932\u2019de<\/strong>, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konan T\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015flar\u0131na Tahsis Edilen Sanat ve Hizmetler Hakk\u0131ndaki Kanun\u2019la yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n baz\u0131 mesleklerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yasakland\u0131. Bu durum \u00f6zellikle Yunan uyruklu serbest meslek erbab\u0131n\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck esnaf ve sokak sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kaps\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

\u00bb Kas\u0131m 1932\u2019de<\/strong>, \u0130zmirli her Yahudi\u2019ye T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc benimsemeye ve T\u00fcrk diliyle konu\u015fmaya s\u00f6z veren birer taahh\u00fctname imzalat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130zmir Yahudilerini Bursa, K\u0131rklareli, Edirne, Adana, Diyarbak\u0131r, Ankara Yahudileri izledi.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 1933\u2019te<\/strong>, Mardin\u2019deki S\u00fcryani Patrikli\u011fi, gizli ve a\u00e7\u0131k bask\u0131lara dayanamayarak \u201ccemaatin arzusu do\u011frultusunda\u201d, \u201cg\u00f6r\u00fclen l\u00fczum \u00fczerine\u201d, \u201cmuvakkaten\u201d (ge\u00e7ici olarak) Mardin\u2019den Suriye\u2019deki Humus\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Ancak o g\u00fcnden beri geri d\u00f6nmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 14 Haziran 1934\u2019te<\/strong>, kabul edilen ve \u00fclkeyi \u201cT\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden olan ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fanlar\u201d (has T\u00fcrkler), \u201cT\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden olan ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmayanlar\u201d (K\u00fcrtler) ve \u201cT\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden olmayan ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmayanlar\u201d (gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimler ve di\u011ferleri) olarak \u00fc\u00e7e b\u00f6len \u0130sk\u00e2n Kanunu\u2019ndan sonra Anadolu\u2019nun \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerindeki Rumlar ve Ermeniler, kendileri i\u00e7in uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclen b\u00f6lgelere s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 21 Haziran-4 Temmuz 1934\u2019de<\/strong>, Irk\u00e7\u0131 Cevat R\u0131fat Atilhan ve Nihal Ats\u0131z gibi \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 yazarlar\u0131n Yahudi aleyhtar\u0131 ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 yaz\u0131larla galeyana gelen kitleler, \u00c7anakkale, Gelibolu, Edirne, K\u0131rklareli, L\u00fcleburgaz, Babaeski\u2019de Yahudilere sald\u0131rd\u0131lar. Olaylarda Yahudilere ait evler ve ma\u011fazalar ya\u011fmaland\u0131, kad\u0131nlara tecav\u00fcz edildi, bir haham \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. CHF Trakya te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan olaylar sonucu 15 bin Yahudi, mal ve m\u00fclklerini geride b\u0131rak\u0131p can havliyle ba\u015fka \u015fehirlere, \u00fclkelere ka\u00e7mak zorunda kald\u0131. Olaylar yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bilan\u00e7o ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. CHF\u2019nin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir rapora g\u00f6re Trakya ve \u00c7anakkale\u2019de ya\u015fayan 13 bin Yahudi\u2019den \u00fc\u00e7 bini \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7m\u00fc\u015f, pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi mallar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmalarda, m\u00fclklerini ise yok pahas\u0131na satt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in kaybetmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

\u00bb\u00a024 Temmuz 1937\u00a0<\/strong>tarihli\u00a0Cumhuriyet<\/em>\u00a0gazetesinde \u00e7\u0131kan bir ilana bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, Ankara Asker\u00ee Baytar Mektebi\u2019ne al\u0131nacak \u00f6\u011frencilerde aranan \u00f6zelliklerden biri \u201cT\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131ndan olmak\u201d idi.<\/p>\n

\u00bb\u00a06 Eyl\u00fcl 1938<\/strong>\u00a0tarihli\u00a0Cumhuriyet\u00a0<\/em>gazetesinde \u00e7\u0131kan T\u00fcrk Ku\u015fu Direkt\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne al\u0131nacak tayyare \u00f6\u011fretmenlerine dair bir ba\u015fka ilanda ise ifade biraz daha rafine hale gelmi\u015f ve \u201cT\u00fcrk soyundan olmak\u201d haline d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u00bb A\u011fustos 1938\u2019de<\/strong>, h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u201cTebaas\u0131 olduklar\u0131 devlet arazisinde ya\u015fama ve seyahat bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bask\u0131lara t\u00e2bi tutulan Musevilerin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc dinleri ne olursa olsun T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye girmeleri ve ikametleri yasakt\u0131r\u201d diyen 2\/9498 numaral\u0131 kararnameyi \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. \u00dclkenin tek resm\u00ee haber ajans\u0131\u00a0Anadolu Ajans\u0131<\/em>\u2019nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 26 Musevi personelin i\u015fine son verildi. Gazete ve dergilerde genel olarak az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131, \u00f6zel olarak da Yahudileri \u00fclkenin \u00e7ekti\u011fi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n sorumlusu g\u00f6steren yaz\u0131 ve karikat\u00fcrlerde patlama oldu.<\/p>\n

\u00bb\u00a01938-1939\u2019da<\/strong>, yakla\u015fan sava\u015fta\u00a0milli\u00a0g\u00fcvenli\u011fi tehdit edecekleri gerek\u00e7esiyle, Anadolu\u2019nun k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fayan gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimler b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehir merkezlerine nakledildiler. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerin ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131na ayak uyduramayanlar \u00fclkeden g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00bb Temmuz 1939\u2019da<\/strong>, Hatay\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kat\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u00f6lgedeki Ermeniler bask\u0131lar sonucu Suriye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 8 A\u011fustos 1939\u2019da<\/strong>, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinden toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 860 Yahudi m\u00fclteciyi Filistin\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131rken, yolda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 sorunlar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u0130zmir\u2019e s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak zorunda kalan Parita gemisi, yolcular\u0131n \u201cBizi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn ama geri g\u00f6ndermeyin\u201d hayk\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131na ra\u011fmen 14 a\u011fustosta iki polis motorunun refakatinde limandan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Gemi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rken CHP\u2019ye yak\u0131n\u00a0Ulus<\/em>\u00a0gazetesi \u201cSerseri Yahudiler \u0130zmir\u2019den gitti\u201d diye ba\u015fl\u0131k atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 28 Aral\u0131k 1939\u2019da<\/strong>, Erzincan\u2019daki b\u00fcy\u00fck depremde onbinlerce ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc duyan Tel-Aviv, Hayfa, Buenos Aries, New York, Cenevre, Kahire ve \u0130skenderiye\u2019deki Yahudi cemaatleri aralar\u0131nda toplad\u0131klar\u0131 paralar\u0131, giyim e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yollad\u0131lar. Ancak gazetelerde Yahudilerin bu tavr\u0131n\u0131 alaya alan, alt\u0131nda k\u00f6t\u00fc niyet arayan yaz\u0131lar, karikat\u00fcrler boy g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 12 Aral\u0131k 1940\u2019ta<\/strong>, Romanya\u2019n\u0131n K\u00f6stence liman\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 342 Yahudi m\u00fclteci ile \u0130stanbul\u2019a varan \u201cy\u00fczen tabut\u201d naml\u0131 Salvador\u2019un (asl\u0131nda 40 ki\u015filik bir tekneydi) bir mil bile gidecek hali olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu halde T\u00fcrk makamlar\u0131, gemiyi yoluna devam etmesi i\u00e7in zorlad\u0131. Sonu\u00e7 hazindi: 13 aral\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fc Silivri a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na \u015fiddetli f\u0131rt\u0131naya yakalanan Salvador\u2019un par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan tam 219 \u00f6l\u00fc topland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 22 Nisan 1941\u2019de<\/strong>\u00a0bir g\u00fcn kap\u0131lar\u0131nda beliren jandarmalar taraf\u0131ndan 12 bin gayr\u0131m\u00fcslim erkek, sivrisinek kaynayan ve s\u0131tma yayan batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, rutubet, \u00e7amur ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131n bunaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131, su darl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekilen altyap\u0131s\u0131z kamplara g\u00f6nderildiler. \u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019u unutunuz!\u201d diye ba\u011f\u0131ran \u00e7avu\u015flar\u0131 ve subaylar\u0131n sesi d\u00f6nemi ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f t\u00fcm az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n belle\u011fine yerle\u015fti. 20 Kur\u2019a \u0130htiyatlar denen bu \u201caskerler\u201d, Zonguldak\u2019ta t\u00fcnel in\u015faatlar\u0131nda, Ankara\u2019da Gen\u00e7lik Park\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda, Afyon, Karab\u00fck, Konya, K\u00fctahya illerinde ta\u015f k\u0131rma, yol yapma gibi a\u011f\u0131r i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar ve ancak 27 Temmuz 1942 g\u00fcn\u00fc terhis edildiler.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 15 Aral\u0131k 1941<\/strong>, K\u00f6stence liman\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 769 Romen Yahudi\u2019sini Nazi zulm\u00fcnden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131p Filistin\u2019e g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek isteyen Struma gemisi T\u00fcrk makamlar\u0131n\u0131n yolcular\u0131n karaya \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131na izin vermemeleri \u00fczerine, 2,5 ay Sarayburnu a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda hastal\u0131kla ve \u00f6l\u00fcmle pen\u00e7ele\u015ftikten sonra zorla Karadeniz\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. 23 mil a\u00e7\u0131kta, motorsuz, yak\u0131ts\u0131z, yiyeceksiz, susuz, ila\u00e7s\u0131z kaderine terk edilen Struma 24 \u015eubat 1942 g\u00fcn\u00fc, saat 02:00\u2019de kimli\u011fi bilinmeyen denizalt\u0131larca bat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Faciadan sadece bir ki\u015fi kurtuldu. Parita, Salvador ve Struma gibi m\u00fclteci gemilerine reva g\u00f6r\u00fclen muamele, ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrkiye Yahudilerine verilmi\u015f bir mesajd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 11 Kas\u0131m 1942\u2019de<\/strong>, \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Saraco\u011flu H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan mali sorunlar\u0131 a\u015fmak gerek\u00e7esiyle Varl\u0131k Vergisi\u2019ni \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Vergi m\u00fckelleflerinin y\u00fczde 87\u2019si gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimdi. Ermeni t\u00fcccarlar kapital g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin y\u00fczde 232\u2019si, Yahudi t\u00fcccarlar, y\u00fczde 179\u2019u, Rum t\u00fcccarlar y\u00fczde 156\u2019s\u0131, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman-T\u00fcrk t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n ise sadece y\u00fczde 4,94\u2019\u00fc oran\u0131nda vergilendirilmi\u015flerdi. Vergilerini \u00f6deyemeyenler A\u015fkale, Sivrihisar, Karanl\u0131kdere kamplar\u0131na g\u00f6nderildiler. Mart 1944\u2019e kadar s\u00fcren \u201cVarl\u0131k Vergisi Facias\u0131\u201d s\u0131ras\u0131nda kimi mal\u0131n\u0131, kimi can\u0131n\u0131, kimi onurunu, kimi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye inanc\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 1946<\/strong>\u00a0y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk kez \u00fcniversite mezunu gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimlerin yedek subay olarak askerlik yapmas\u0131na izin verildi. Bu demekti ki, daha \u00f6nce gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimlere bu yol kapal\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak o tarihten bu yana TSK\u2019da gayr\u0131m\u00fcslim bir komutana rastlanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 1946\u2019da<\/strong>, CHP\u2019nin 9. B\u00fcrosu taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan \u201cAz\u0131nl\u0131k Raporu\u201dnda \u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019da \u00f6zellikle Rumlara kar\u015f\u0131 ciddi tedbirler almal\u0131y\u0131z. Bu anlamda s\u00f6ylenecek tek bir c\u00fcmle var: \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinin 500. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar bu \u015fehirde tek bir Rum bile kalmamal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d deniyordu. Rapora g\u00f6re bu sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmeden \u00f6nce Anadolu\u2019nun geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 da gayr\u0131m\u00fcslimlerden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 1948\u2019de<\/strong>, Yahudiler yeni kurulan \u0130srail\u2019e, Ermeniler ise Ermenistan Sovyet Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye kalk\u0131nca, y\u0131llard\u0131r onlar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rtmak i\u00e7in her \u015feyi yapan devlet ve devlet g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc bas\u0131n bu sefer de g\u00f6\u00e7mek isteyenleri \u201chain\u201d g\u00f6steren yay\u0131nlara ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl 1955 g\u00fcnlerinde<\/strong>,\u00a0K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019la ilgili olarak Londra\u2019da toplanacak \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc konferansta T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u201celini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek\u201d i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak \u0130stanbul Rumlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ya\u011fma harek\u00e2t\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlendi. Ancak olaylar \u0130zmir, Adana, Trabzon gibi merkezlere de yay\u0131ld\u0131 ve sadece Rumlar de\u011fil Ermeniler ve Yahudiler de sald\u0131r\u0131lardan nasiplerini ald\u0131lar. Kimi kaynaklara g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7, kimine g\u00f6re 11 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc, yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 ki\u015fi yaraland\u0131, y\u00fczlerce kad\u0131na tecav\u00fcz edildi. Resm\u00ee rakamlara g\u00f6re 5.300\u2019\u00fc a\u015fk\u0131n, gayr\u0131 resm\u00ee rakamlara g\u00f6re yedi bine yak\u0131n bina sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frad\u0131. Hasar\u0131n mali portresi konusundaki en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tahmin o g\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011ferleriyle 150 milyon lira, en y\u00fcksek tahmin bir milyar lirayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00bb\u00a01964\u2019te<\/strong>, K\u0131br\u0131s Olaylar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n etkisiyle T\u00fcrk-Yunan ili\u015fkilerinin gerginle\u015fti\u011fi ve \u00fcnl\u00fc Johnson Mektubu\u2019nun T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi k\u00f6\u015feye s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde, Atat\u00fcrk ve Venizelos aras\u0131nda 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan \u201cDostluk Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet genelgesiyle, T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetince tek tarafl\u0131 olarak iptal edildi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, burada ticaret yapan, esnafl\u0131k yapan, emek\u00e7ilik yapan Yunanistan vatanda\u015f\u0131 on binlerce Rum s\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131\u015f\u0131 edildiler. S\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin yanlar\u0131na bir bavul ve 200 lira almalar\u0131na izin verilmi\u015fti. Onlarla evli T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 Rumlar\u0131n da \u00fclkeyi terk etmesiyle Rum cemaati yok olma noktas\u0131na geldi.<\/p>\n

\u00bb\u00a01974\u2019te<\/strong>,<\/strong> \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Bal\u0131kl\u0131 Rum Hastanesi Vakf\u0131 Y\u00f6netim Kurulu ile Hazine aras\u0131ndaki bir dava nedeniyle Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu\u2019nun verdi\u011fi bir kararda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki gayr\u0131m\u00fcslim vatanda\u015flar \u201cT\u00fcrk olmayanlar\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendirildi.<\/p>\n

\u00bb\u00a01984\u2019te<\/strong>, Fener Rum Patrikhanesi, Heybeliada Ruhban Okulu\u2019nun masraflar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in izin istedi ancak o g\u00fcne kadar okulu kapatmak i\u00e7in elinden geleni yapan h\u00fck\u00fcmet, Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131, di\u011fer ikili anla\u015fmalar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ve \u201cm\u00fctekabiliyet ilkesi\u201d a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrerek, bu talebi kabul etmedi. Bug\u00fcn bir tek \u00f6\u011frencisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nca atanan okulun T\u00fcrk y\u00f6neticisi her g\u00fcn g\u00f6reve gitmekte. Patrikhane de okulu a\u00e7\u0131k tutmak i\u00e7in masraf yapmaya devam etmekte.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 1985-1990<\/strong>\u00a0aras\u0131nda PKK\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 korucu olmay\u0131 reddettikleri i\u00e7in topraklar\u0131na el konularak yerlerinden edilen \u201cMelek Tavusa Tapan\u201d Yezidiler kitlesel olarak Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 2000\u2019li<\/strong>\u00a0y\u0131llarda Milli G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen konular\u0131ndan biri \u201cMisyonerlikle m\u00fccadele\u201d idi.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 15 Kas\u0131m 2003<\/strong>, \u015ei\u015fli\u2019deki Beth \u0130srail Sinagogu ile Galata\u2019daki Neve \u015ealom Sinagogu\u2019na iki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk ter\u00f6risti taraf\u0131ndan intihar sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131, eylemciler de d\u00e2hil 25 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc, 300\u2019den fazla ki\u015fi yaraland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 5 \u015eubat 2006<\/strong>, Trabzon\u2019daki Santa Maria Katolik Kilisesi Rahibi Andrea Santoro 16 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir gen\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan b\u0131\u00e7aklanarak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 19 Ocak 2007\u2019de<\/strong>,\u00a0AGOS<\/em>\u2019un ba\u015fyazar\u0131 Hrant Dink \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u00bb 18 Nisan 2007<\/strong>, Malatya\u2019da yedi \u201cmilliyet\u00e7i\u201d gen\u00e7 H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131kla ilgili yay\u0131n yapan Zirve Yay\u0131nevi\u2019ni basarak \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcro \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131 vah\u015fice \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi bu tarih\u00e7eye bak\u0131nca Hrant Dink Davas\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan karara \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131? Sizi bilmem ama ba\u015fta da dedi\u011fim gibi ben \u015fa\u015f\u0131rmad\u0131m.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

hurayse@hotmail.com<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.duzceyerelhaber.com\/haber-detay.asp?id=5003&ust_Manset-Ayse_Hur<\/a>_<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ay\u015fe H\u00fcr \u00a0 Hrant Dink Davas\u0131\u2019nda \u00e7\u0131kan karar asl\u0131nda beni \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtmad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu topraklardaki gayr\u0131m\u00fcslim d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6klerinin ne kadar derinde, dallar\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar yayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu biliyorum. \u0130ktidar partisinin tepkileri yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 \u201cYarg\u0131tay a\u015famas\u0131\u201d s\u00fcrecinin nas\u0131l bitece\u011fini de tahmin ediyorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hem AKP\u2019nin Ergenekonla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bu devletle giderek nas\u0131l b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum, hem de Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n P\u0131nar Selek, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":13382,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\n"Cumhuriyet\u2019in \u2018az\u0131nl\u0131k raporu\u2019" - 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