{"id":11075,"date":"2012-01-10T02:06:49","date_gmt":"2012-01-10T07:06:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=11075"},"modified":"2012-01-10T02:06:49","modified_gmt":"2012-01-10T07:06:49","slug":"turklerin-turkiyeyi-turklestirme-siyaseti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/01\/10\/turklerin-turkiyeyi-turklestirme-siyaseti\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrklerin, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme siyaseti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Armen K\u00fcrkciyan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermenilerin k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan, Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan k\u0131rk y\u0131l sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir c\u00fcr\u00fcm daha ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u0130stanbul halk\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk bas\u0131n mensuplar\u0131 haricinde, IMF ve World Bank\u2019\u0131n 8 Eyl\u00fcl toplant\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelmi\u015f olan yabanc\u0131 haber ajanslar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm temsilcileri de bu c\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn \u015fahitleri oldu.<\/p>\n

6 Eyl\u00fcl 1955 ak\u015fam\u0131, iyi organize edilmi\u015f bir g\u00fcruh \u0130stanbul\u2019un farkl\u0131 mahallelerinde ayn\u0131 anda gayrim\u00fcslim vatanda\u015flara ve onlar\u0131n i\u015fyerlerine sald\u0131rd\u0131. Benzer olaylar, e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak Zm\u00fcrnia\u2019da (\u0130zmir) da vuku buldu.<\/p>\n

6-7 Eyl\u00fcl tarihlerinde meydana gelen ve tecav\u00fcz, ya\u011fma ve cinayetle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen bu c\u00fcr\u00fcm, t\u0131pk\u0131 1915 k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131 gibi zaman\u0131n ba\u015fbakan\u0131n\u0131n bilgisi d\u00e2hilinde ve emriyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra \u201c6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu h\u00e2dise, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan planlanm\u0131\u015f olan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelik siyasetin kanl\u0131 bir meyvesiydi.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu \u201c\u00e7okuluslu bir devlet\u201d olmu\u015ftur. O d\u00f6nemde, \u201cOsmanl\u0131 milleti\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131. T\u00fcm halklar ve a\u015firetler m\u00fc\u015ftereken \u201cOsmanl\u0131 milleti veya Osmanl\u0131\u201d olarak kabul edilmekteydi. Osmanl\u0131 \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, imparatorlu\u011fun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 u\u011fruna bilin\u00e7alt\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fc dominant millet (millet-i h\u00e2kime) olarak kabul ederek, devlete \u201c\u00e7okuluslu ve \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc\u201d g\u00f6mle\u011fi giydirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

3 Kas\u0131m 1839 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilan edilen, \u00fclkenin ilk anayasas\u0131yla (Tanzimat ferman\u0131) Osmanl\u0131 tebaas\u0131n\u0131n insan haklar\u0131 devlet g\u00fcvencesi alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. Ulusal ve dini ay\u0131r\u0131m olmadan, her Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u0131 kanun \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fit olarak kabul edildi. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman unsurun, m\u00fctehakkim stat\u00fckosunu kaybetmesi baz\u0131 rahats\u0131zl\u0131klara sebebiyet verdi. Anayasa, devlet erk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n, devletin kurulu\u015fundan itibaren uygulanan kaprisli davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 engelledi.<\/p>\n

Bu anayasa, Frans\u0131z anayasas\u0131 \u00f6rnek al\u0131narak, Osmanl\u0131 halk\u0131ndan ziyade Avrupa\u2019y\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de \u0130ngiltere\u2019yi tatmin etmek i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda resmi g\u00f6revler ve askeri hizmet, itibarl\u0131 meslek dallar\u0131 olarak T\u00fcrk \u0131rk\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, lakin imparatorlu\u011fun son d\u00f6nemlerinde baz\u0131 bakanl\u0131k koltuklar\u0131na Ermeniler de oturmu\u015ftur. Gayrim\u00fcslim halk genellikle ticaretle i\u015ftigal etti\u011finden dolay\u0131 ekonomik hayat, ticaret ve sanayi alanlar\u0131 genelde Ermenilerin ve Rumlar\u0131n, k\u0131smen de Yahudilerin elinde olmu\u015ftur. Bu insanlar al\u0131n teriyle zengin olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gayrim\u00fcslim erkekler askere al\u0131nmamakla birlikte \u201cbedel\u201d \u00f6demekteydi. 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen bir kanuna istinaden (M\u00fckellefiyet-i Askeriye Kanun-i Muvakkati) gayrim\u00fcslimler de askere al\u0131nmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu y\u0131k\u0131lmaktan kurtarmak i\u00e7in Sultan Hamit ve Gen\u00e7 T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan izlenen Panislamizm ve Pant\u00fcrkizm politikalar\u0131 beklenen neticeye ula\u015famay\u0131nca, Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndaki yenilgi sonras\u0131nda (1913) bir milli T\u00fcrk ruhu yaratma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na h\u0131z verildi.<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi nazar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrklere aitti ve bu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, T\u00fcrk olmayan unsurlardan temizlenmi\u015f bir T\u00fcrkiye olmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. Bu ise, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu y\u0131k\u0131p yeni bir T\u00fcrkiye kurma plan\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Talat, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda Selanik\u2019te toplanan 4. Kongresinde \u00fcyelere, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun bir T\u00fcrk devleti oldu\u011fu konusunda g\u00fcvence verir. Zaten \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u2019e ko\u015futtu. K\u00fcrt as\u0131ll\u0131 Ziya G\u00f6kalp ve iki arkada\u015f\u0131, bu toplant\u0131da merkez komitesi \u00fcyeli\u011fine se\u00e7ilirler. Bu kongre esnas\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma siyasetinin halk\u0131 ikna etme vas\u0131tas\u0131yla benimsenemedi\u011fi durumda, askeri erke ba\u015fvurulabilece\u011fi bildirilir[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6ze batan simalar\u0131ndan Doktor Naz\u0131m, gizli toplant\u0131 esnas\u0131nda \u015fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri dile getirmi\u015ftir. \u201c1909\u2019da Adana\u2019da ve di\u011fer yerlerde yapt\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z gibi yerel k\u0131r\u0131mlarla yetineceksek, yarar yerine zarar elde ederiz, temizlemeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz di\u011fer unsurlar olan Araplar ve K\u00fcrtler uyan\u0131r ve tehlike bir yerine \u00fc\u00e7 olur, b\u00fcy\u00fcr ve ameliye zorla\u015f\u0131r\u2026 bu temizlik genel ve nihai olmayacaksa, yarar yerine zarar getirecektir. Ermeni milletini k\u00f6k\u00fcnden temizlenmesi, topraklar\u0131m\u0131zda bir ferdin dahi b\u0131rak\u0131lmamas\u0131, Ermeni isminin unutulmas\u0131 gerekir[2]<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Doktor Naz\u0131m, ayn\u0131 gizli toplant\u0131 esnas\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle devam etmi\u015ftir. \u201cBen T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011fe hayat vermek i\u00e7in size dost, karde\u015f oldum, ben T\u00fcrk\u00fcn, sadece T\u00fcrk\u00fcn ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131, bu topraklarda egemen olmas\u0131n\u0131 arzuluyorum. T\u00fcrk olmayan unsurlar yok edilmelidir, hangi millete veya dine ait olurlarsa olsunlar. Bu \u00fclkeyi T\u00fcrk olmayan unsurlardan temizlemek gerekir[3]<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Toplant\u0131ya Doktor Bahaeddin \u015eakir de kat\u0131lmakta ve \u201c\u2026 Ulusal m\u00fclk\u00fcm\u00fczde sadece T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ileri gitmesi ve y\u00fccelmesine izin verebiliriz, eskiden kalm\u0131\u015f halklar, yabanc\u0131 ve zararl\u0131 otlar\u0131 k\u00f6klerinden s\u00f6kerek topraklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 temizlemeye mecburuz. \u0130nk\u0131l\u00e2b\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n emeli-program\u0131 budur\u2026 farkl\u0131 unsurlardan m\u00fcte\u015fekkil Osmanl\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n milli g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc yoktur\u2026\u201d,- demektedir[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetin maliye bakan\u0131 Cavit de bu toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lmakta olup \u201cEkonomik h\u00e2kimiyet Ermeni\u2019nin elinde bulunmaktad\u0131r, Ermenilerin, hi\u00e7birinin kalmamas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla yok edilmesi milli siyasetimiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne derece elzemse, T\u00fcrk\u00fcn ekonomik h\u00e2kimiyetini tesis etmek de ayn\u0131 derecede \u00f6nemlidir, oylayal\u0131m[5]<\/a>\u201d,- diye beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Gayrim\u00fcslim ve yabanc\u0131 ticaret erbab\u0131 kadar becerikli olmayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman t\u00fcccarlara, ticaret piyasas\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmek niyetiyle, daha Sultan II. Mahmut d\u00f6neminde (1808-1838) verilen imtiyazlar zamanla bask\u0131lar sonucunda yabanc\u0131lara sunulmu\u015ftur. Onlar, t\u00fcm bu imtiyazlara kar\u015f\u0131n, ticaret piyasas\u0131nda hissedilir bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olamad\u0131lar. Padi\u015fah ferman\u0131 imtiyazlar sa\u011flayabilir, fakat ticaret becerisi ve yetene\u011fi veremezdi.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu art\u0131k gerilemeye ba\u015flay\u0131p, sava\u015flar, vurgun ve zenginlik yerine b\u00fcy\u00fck masraflar a\u00e7maya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, gayrim\u00fcslimlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmalamak resmi siyasete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131, T\u00fcrklere, ticari piyasay\u0131 millile\u015ftirme, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019y\u0131 gayrim\u00fcslim unsurlardan temizleme, \u00f6zellikle de do\u011fu vilayetlerinde \u00e7o\u011funluk te\u015fkil eden Ermenilerden ar\u0131nd\u0131rma f\u0131rsat\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n

Ege B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ni \u201ctemizlemek\u201d i\u00e7in bir y\u00fcr\u00fctme kurulu meydana getirilir. Bu kurulun \u00fcyelerinden biri de \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi temsilcisi ve daha sonra T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ikinci cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 (1950-1960), Mahmut Celal (Bayar) olmu\u015ftur. Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki \u00e7eteleri 1914\u2019te Yunan k\u00f6ylerine sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenlemeye ve b\u00f6lgeye korku salarak Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Celal Bayar\u2019\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re, 130 bin, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc adam\u0131 ve ilerde T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin milletvekili (1931-1946) olacak Halil Mente\u015fe\u2019ye g\u00f6re ise 200 bin Yunanl\u0131 Zm\u00fcrniya b\u00f6lgesinden tehcir edilmi\u015flerdir. Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa komutanlar\u0131ndan E\u015fref Ku\u015f\u00e7uba\u015f\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re, 1914\u2019te ve sava\u015f\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan 1.150.000 Yunanl\u0131 ve Ermeni tehcire tabi tutulmu\u015f, bunlardan yar\u0131s\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7 sonucu olu\u015fan k\u00f6t\u00fc hayat \u015fartlar\u0131ndan ve katliamlardan dolay\u0131 hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir. Bu veriler, Celal Bayar\u2019\u0131n hat\u0131ralar\u0131na ve \u0130ngiliz ile Frans\u0131z kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n verilerine uymaktad\u0131r. Meclise verilen raporlara istinaden, 300-500 bin Trakyal\u0131 Yunanl\u0131 da s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilmi\u015ftir[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Yunanl\u0131lardan zapt edilen m\u00fclk\u00fcn de\u011feri 5 milyar frank olup, devletin o tarihlerdeki b\u00fct\u00e7esinin be\u015f kat\u0131na denk d\u00fc\u015fmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Ermenilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Bat\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019da, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusundaki alt\u0131 vilayette ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. Tabii olarak Ermenilerin mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131 da orada bulunmaktayd\u0131. 153 \u00fcretim m\u00fcessesesinden 3\u2019\u00fc yabanc\u0131lara, 20\u2019si T\u00fcrklere ve 130\u2019u Ermenilere aitti. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 bin ticari kurulu\u015fun 2500\u2019\u00fc T\u00fcrklerin, 7000\u2019i ise Ermenilerindi. 5 T\u00fcrk ve 32 Ermeni sarraf vard\u0131[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ticaret hayat\u0131 gibi e\u011fitim de geli\u015fmi\u015fti. Rus \u201cNovoye Vremya\u201d (Yeni Zamanlar) gazetesine g\u00f6re, 82 bin \u00f6\u011frencili, 785 Ermeni okulu vard\u0131. T\u00fcrklerin ise 17 bin \u00f6\u011frencili, 150 okulu vard\u0131[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Konstantinopel Ermeni Patrikhanesi verilerine g\u00f6re, 1903\u2019te, patrikhaneye ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde 82.695 karma \u00f6\u011frencili ve 2.153 \u00f6\u011fretmenli 818 okul bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f durumundan \u00f6ncelikle \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar faydaland\u0131. Bu\u011fday ticareti \u201cTan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u0130ttihat Terakki Partisi s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerinin eline ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. \u2026Halk\u0131n g\u0131das\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131yordu\u2026 Bu yeniyetme h\u0131rs\u0131z grubunun s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc Yahudiler, bu \u00fcnl\u00fc tefeciler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmekteydi. Her \u015fey, ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131 dahi s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmekteydi. \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin korumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmadan i\u015f yapmak ve ya\u015famak imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olmu\u015ftu\u201d[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bu faaliyeti, 1909 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Selanik kongresinde al\u0131nan kararlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi ger\u00e7ekte, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu y\u0131kmak niyetiyle \u201cSiyonist\u201d Yahudilerin yetene\u011finden do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Selanik\u2019in merkezini idare eden \u015fah\u0131slar bu niyetle aralar\u0131nda \u00f6nceden anla\u015f\u0131p, 1909\u2019da Selanik\u2019te toplanan kongrede de niyetlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yemin etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Kararlar, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen d\u00f6rt noktada belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u015eu andan itibaren T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de dinin etkisini k\u0131rmak.<\/li>\n
  2. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki zenginli\u011fin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 yolda\u015flar aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131rmak.<\/li>\n
  3. Halifeli\u011fi devletten ay\u0131rarak zay\u0131flatmak.<\/li>\n
  4. F\u0131rsat \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda me\u015frutiyeti y\u0131karak cumhuriyet ilan etmek[10]<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ilk cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Gazi Mustafa Kemal, 1927\u2019de Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi\u2019nin 2. Kongresinde verdi\u011fi alt\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck nutuk esnas\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6yler. \u201cT\u00fcm bu olaylardan, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi, cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, genelkurmay ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 unvanlar\u0131n\u0131 almadan \u00f6nce, [gizli] te\u015fkilat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n emriyle bu g\u00f6revi yerine getirmeye mecburdum\u201d[11]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    O g\u00fcnlerde yay\u0131nlanan \u201cMilliyet\u201d gazetesinde A\u011fa O\u011flu Ahmet imzas\u0131yla yay\u0131nlan bir makalede \u201cBu i\u015flerin ifas\u0131yla, ink\u0131l\u00e2b\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nceden haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir planla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu bir kere daha ispatlanmaktad\u0131r\u201d[12]<\/a>,- denmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen tehcir ve katliam ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n

    \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi, 1913-1914 \u201ctemizli\u011fini\u201d ba\u015far\u0131yla uygulad\u0131ktan sonra, 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda daha vah\u015fice, Ermeni vilayetlerinden Ermenilerin tehciri ve katliamlar\u0131na ba\u015flar. Tehcire g\u00f6nderilenlerin tim mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, daha sonra kendilerine geri verilece\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fcyle tek-tek kaydedilir. Kervanlar\u0131n yola \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n akabinde t\u00fcm m\u00fclkleri y\u00f6redeki T\u00fcrkler ve K\u00fcrtler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilir. \u0130\u015fgalciler, yerel memurlar\u0131n su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, tapu kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda mal sahiplerinin isimlerinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapt\u0131r\u0131p kendilerini mal sahibi olarak g\u00f6sterirler. H\u00fck\u00fcmet de farkl\u0131 yerlerden getirtti\u011fi g\u00f6\u00e7menleri Ermenilerden bo\u015falan evlere yerle\u015ftirdi. Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa \u00e7eteleri tehcir yollar\u0131nda savunmas\u0131z insanlara sald\u0131r\u0131p, katlederek, \u00fczerlerinde bulunan para ve ziynet e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ald\u0131lar. Tehcir edilenlerin \u00fclkeye d\u00f6nmesi yasakland\u0131. Mondros Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan (30 Ekim 1918) sonra tehcir edilenlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Ermeniler ve Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n geri d\u00f6nmesini ve m\u00fclklerine sahip \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in Kuvva-i Milliye te\u015fkilat\u0131 kuruldu.<\/p>\n

    Tehcirin ve katliamlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerin y\u00f6neticileri \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilerek daha y\u00fcksek g\u00f6revlere tayin edildiler. Talat\u2019\u0131n kay\u0131nbiraderi Abd\u00fclhalik (Renda) katliam esnas\u0131nda Bitlis y\u00f6neticisiydi, Zm\u00fcrniya\u2019n\u0131\u0131n kundaklanmas\u0131 ve ya\u011fma edilmesi zaman\u0131nda ise Zm\u00fcrniya\u2019da. Renda, cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde ekonomi, e\u011fitim ve savunma bakan\u0131 oldu. Daha sonra meclis ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Renda, bu sayede, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn se\u00e7ilmesine kadar \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 vekili oldu. Katliamlara kat\u0131lmay\u0131 reddeden memurlar cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar ve hatta \u00f6l\u00fcme mahk\u00fbm oldular.<\/p>\n

    Eski subay, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f tarih\u00e7i Ahmet Refik Alt\u0131nay, \u201c\u0130ki Komite, \u0130ki K\u0131tal\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n 45. sayfas\u0131nda, Ermeni katliamlar\u0131na de\u011finerek \u015f\u00f6yle yazmaktad\u0131r. \u201cErmeni zenginlerinden evleri sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131p isim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan hemen sonra i\u015fkencelerle bu insanlardan paralar geri al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu trajedileri bilip etkilenmemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir\u2026 Benzer hareketler insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eder. Hi\u00e7bir d\u00f6nemde, hi\u00e7bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet b\u00f6yle vah\u015fi bir su\u00e7 i\u015flememi\u015ftir\u201d. Alt\u0131nay, katliamlarla ilgili yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 sebebiyle Kemalistler taraf\u0131ndan takibata u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, \u00fcniversitedeki e\u011fitmen g\u00f6revinden edilmi\u015f (1933), hastalanm\u0131\u015f, ilaca hasret kalm\u0131\u015f ve 1937 y\u0131l\u0131nda yaln\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7inde \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    Mustafa Kemal, genelkurmay ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan iki g\u00fcn sonra, 8 A\u011fustos 1921\u2019de, Tek\u00e2lif-i Milliye (\u201cOn Emir\u201d olarak da an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r) emrinin 6. emriyle, devlet hazinesine transfer edilmi\u015f olan, \u00fclkeden uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n mal varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 devletin elinden alarak, ordu i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini orduya, kalan\u0131n\u0131 da asker ve memurlar\u0131n maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesine tahsis etti[13]<\/a>. Bu paralarla 1925\u2019teTalat ve Bahaettin \u015eakir\u2019in miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na maa\u015f ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

    1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ermeni Milli Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan Paris\u2019te yap\u0131lan hesaplamalara g\u00f6re, Soyk\u0131r\u0131m esnas\u0131nda Ermenilerden zapt edilmi\u015f ve \u00e7al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan m\u00fclklerin ve mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n toplam de\u011feri 19 milyar franka ula\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Ekonomi bakan\u0131 Hasan Fehmi taraf\u0131ndan 18 Haziran 1924 tarihinde \u201cAnadolu Gazetesi\u201dnde yay\u0131nlanan bir bildiriye istinaden Zm\u00fcrniya b\u00f6lgesindeki Yunanl\u0131lardan 10678 ev, 2173 d\u00fckk\u00e2n ve ma\u011faza, 79 i\u015fyeri, 2 hamam ve 1 hastane, Ermeni ve Yahudilerden ise 1600 ev, 2821 d\u00fckk\u00e2n ve ma\u011faza, 89 i\u015fyeri, 2 hamam ve 1 hastane kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

    29 Ekim 1923\u2019te ilan edilen T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti, d\u00f6rt ay sonra, 13 Mart 1924\u2019te, Emval-\u0131 Metruke kanunuyla katledilmi\u015f, tehcir edilmi\u015f ve \u00fclkeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131n belirtilen bu m\u00fclklerini devletle\u015ftirdi ve akabinde bu m\u00fclkleri, \u201cH\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n kendilerine yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu eziyetlere\u201d tazminat olarak, bunlar\u0131 \u00e7oktan i\u015fgal etmi\u015f olan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara bah\u015fetti.<\/p>\n

    \u0130\u015fgal edilmi\u015f olan Ermeni mallar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrklere aktar\u0131lmas\u0131yla, \u00fclkelerin ekonomik belkemi\u011fini olu\u015fturan T\u00fcrk orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 do\u011fmu\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

    Kemalistler, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan, 1923\u2019te cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131na kadar, \u201culus-devlet\u201d kurma niyeti ve H\u0131ristiyan az\u0131nl\u0131klardan kurtulmak siyasetiyle, katliam, tehcir gibi her yolu kullanarak K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya b\u00f6lgesinde gayrim\u00fcslim unsurlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na son vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. T\u00fcm bu \u00e7abalara kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00fclkede kalan Ermeniler, Yunanl\u0131lar ve Yahudileri Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla (24 Temmuz 1924) az\u0131nl\u0131k olarak kabul etmeye mecbur kald\u0131lar. O tarihe kadar K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019da ya\u015fayan halklar i\u00e7in \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 ortak referans olarak kabul eden Ankara h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Lozan Konferans\u0131\u2019ndaki temsilcilerinin \u00e7abalar\u0131yla T\u00fcrk olamayan, fakat M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan unsurlar, K\u00fcrtler, Zazalar, \u00c7erkesler, Abazalar, Bo\u015fnaklar, Araplar, Osetler, Sudanl\u0131lar\u2026, az\u0131nl\u0131k kavram\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutuldu. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olduklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 T\u00fcrk olarak kabul edilmeliydiler.<\/p>\n

    Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla, Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda, farkl\u0131 milletlerden te\u015fekk\u00fcl eden Osmanl\u0131 milleti mevcuttu. Cumhuriyet T\u00fcrkiye\u2019si i\u00e7in ise, \u00fclkede var olan tek halk T\u00fcrk halk\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Ermeni ve Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n cumhuriyet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahamm\u00fcl edilemezdi. Onlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201culus devlet\u201d kurma ve \u201culusal ruh\u201d yaratma stratejisiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmamaktayd\u0131. Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla varl\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, ticaret hayat\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na itilmesi plan\u0131 haz\u0131rland\u0131 ve uygun f\u0131rsatlarda hayata ge\u00e7irildi. 1925 sonuna kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 bin Yunanl\u0131, Yunanistan\u2019daki T\u00fcrklerle m\u00fcbadele edildi. 1922-1923 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul ve \u00e7evresinden 188 bin Yunanl\u0131 ve \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Ermeni olan 150 bin gayrim\u00fcslim \u0130stanbul\u2019u terk etmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

    Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, mecliste gayrim\u00fcslim milletvekilleri bulunmaktayd\u0131. Kemalist rejimin daha ilk meclis toplant\u0131s\u0131nda gayrim\u00fcslimler d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. 1950 \u00f6ncesinde, 1934-1942 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, milletvekili olarak \u201ckabul g\u00f6ren\u201d tek Ermeni, o da ancak Afyon-Karahisar\u2019dan, Ber\u00e7 Keresteciyan olmu\u015ftur. Bu ise sadece yap\u0131lan bir hizmetin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Mustafa Kemal (Atat\u00fcrk) May\u0131s 1919\u2019da Konstantinopel\u2019den gemiyle K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019ya ge\u00e7ecekken, Ber\u00e7 Keresteciyan, gemisinin \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan torpidolanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenerek kendisini uyar\u0131r. Keresteciyen, Kemalistlerin s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131 esnas\u0131nda onlara t\u0131bbi malzeme yollay\u0131p, toplar i\u00e7in ate\u015fleme mekanizmalar\u0131 almalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bor\u00e7 olarak 15000 alt\u0131n verir.<\/p>\n

    Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, Yunanl\u0131lardan iki ve Yahudilerden bir olmak \u00fczere, di\u011fer az\u0131nl\u0131klardan da milletvekilleri se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Halk Partisi, 1946 se\u00e7imlerinde Ber\u00e7 Keresteciyan T\u00fcrker\u2019i \u0130stanbul\u2019dan aday olarak g\u00f6stermesine ra\u011fmen az\u0131nl\u0131klar bu se\u00e7imlerde, yeni kurulan Demokrat Parti lehine oy kullan\u0131r. Halk Partisi, az\u0131nl\u0131klar nezdinde Gen\u00e7 T\u00fcrklerin nasyonalist siyasetinin devam\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    18 Mart 1926 tarihli ve 788 say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cMemurun Kanunu\u201dnun 4. maddesine istinaden, kamuda g\u00f6revli memurlar ya T\u00fcrk veya T\u00fcrkle\u015fmeye uygun \u015fah\u0131slardan se\u00e7ilmeliydi.<\/p>\n

    K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019dan Ermenilerin ve Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n izlerini silmek amac\u0131yla 1928 y\u0131l\u0131nda yer isimlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Yeni haritalar yay\u0131nland\u0131. \u0130yi ki d\u00fcnyaya da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f eski haritalar halen mevcuttur. T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00e2hilinde kalm\u0131\u015f olan 1639 kilise ve 210 manast\u0131r\u0131n yerel halk taraf\u0131ndan tahrip edilmesi dolayl\u0131 olarak te\u015fvik edildi. Tahrip edenler, tarihi eserleri koruma kanunu maddelerinden ceza almad\u0131.<\/p>\n

    1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda, demiryolu \u015firketinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n i\u015fine son verildi.<\/p>\n

    4 Haziran 1932 tarihli \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131na tahsis edilen sanat ve hizmetler hakk\u0131nda kanun\u201dla gayrim\u00fcslimlerin \u00e7o\u011fu i\u015fsiz kald\u0131. \u0130\u015fsiz kalan \u0130stanbullu Yunanl\u0131lar, Yunanistan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fc.<\/p>\n

    Nazilerin 30 Ocak 1933\u2019te i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na gelmelerinden sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Yahudi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ak\u0131m g\u00fc\u00e7 kazand\u0131. \u0130talya ve Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 tak\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 hasmane duru\u015fun sonucu olarak, Trakya\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgedeki Yahudileri yerlerinden etme karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131. 21 Haziran 1934\u2019te, \u00e7e\u015fitli sosyoekonomik yasaklar getiren 2510 say\u0131l\u0131 \u201c\u0130sk\u00e2n Kanunu\u201d ilan edildi. Bu kanunun 11. maddesi, T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden farkl\u0131 ana dilleri olan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n farkl\u0131 yerlere isk\u00e2n edilmesi i\u00e7in i\u00e7i\u015fleri bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na izin vermekteydi. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri bakan\u0131 \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Kaya\u2019ya g\u00f6re bu kanunun niyeti, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi, t\u00fcm vatanda\u015flar\u0131n ayn\u0131 dili konu\u015fup, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp, ayn\u0131 duygulara sahip oldu\u011fu bir \u00fclkeye \u00e7evirmekti. Bu kanunla K\u00fcrtler de tehcire yolland\u0131.<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan Yahudi aleyhtar\u0131 yaz\u0131larla \u015fiddetlenen halk bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n sonucu olarak 24 Haziran 1934\u2019te Yahudilerin \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ba\u015flad\u0131. Organize olmu\u015f g\u00fcruhlar 3 Temmuzda Edirne, \u00c7anakkale, Uzunk\u00f6pr\u00fc, K\u0131rklareli ve Babaeski gibi Trakya\u2019n\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u015fehirlerinde Yahudi ev ve i\u015fyerlerine sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenledi. Ya\u011fmalad\u0131. Kad\u0131nlara tecav\u00fcz etti. Yahudiler, 1915\u2019te Ermenilere yap\u0131lanlar\u0131n \u015fimdi kendilerine de uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne vard\u0131[14]<\/a>. \u0130lerde kendisi de y\u00f6netici olacak olan, Edirne b\u00f6lgesi Yahudi cemaati y\u00f6neticisinin o\u011flunun anlat\u0131mlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, babas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e g\u00f6nderilen telgrafa istinaden zaman\u0131n i\u00e7i\u015fleri bakan\u0131 \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Kaya \u015fahsen Edirne\u2019ye gelip olaylar\u0131n geli\u015fmesini \u00f6nler. Atat\u00fcrk, o g\u00fcnlerde birka\u00e7 kez evlerinde poker oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu zat\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re, Yahudilerle \u00e7evrelenmi\u015f, hatta di\u015f doktorunun Yahudi (Sami Ginzberg) oldu\u011fu Atat\u00fcrk, olaylardan habersiz olup, duruma vak\u0131f olur olmaz olaylar\u0131 \u00f6nlemi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 ki\u015finin anlatt\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re, bu olaylar \u00f6ncesinde, Edirne belediyesi taraf\u0131ndan Yahudilerin ka\u015far et kesmesi yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, babas\u0131n\u0131n Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e yollad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektup sonras\u0131nda bu yasak kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Trakyal\u0131 15000 Yahudi\u2019den 13000\u2019i h\u00e2s\u0131l olan durumun sonucunda \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. \u0130\u00e7lerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 mobilyalar\u0131n\u0131, evlerini ve i\u015fyerlerini son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyatlarla satabildiler. Di\u011ferleri onu da yapamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Yahudi aleyhtar\u0131 duru\u015flar Yahudi gen\u00e7leri aras\u0131nda Siyonist hareketin geli\u015fmesine sebebiyet verdi. Yahudilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da \u0130ngiliz egemenli\u011finde bulunan ve daha sonra \u0130srail devletinin kurulaca\u011f\u0131 Filistin\u2019e g\u00f6\u00e7 etti.<\/p>\n

    H\u00fck\u00fcmet olaylar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu \u00fczerine almay\u0131 reddetti\u011fi gibi, tazminat da \u00f6demedi[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    ABD\u2019nin \u0130stanbul konsoloslu\u011fu g\u00f6revlilerinden Charles E. Allen, 1 A\u011fustos 1938 tarihli raporunda, Trakya olaylar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu c\u00fcmleyle tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. \u201cT\u00fcrkler tarih boyunca, bor\u00e7 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtulabilmek ve de\u011ferli mallar\u0131n sahibi olmak i\u00e7in s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden daha iyi bir yolun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir\u201d[17]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    1929\u2019da, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019da kalm\u0131\u015f olan Ermenilere kar\u015f\u0131 takibat ba\u015flad\u0131. Diyarbak\u0131r ve Kharberd (Harput) Ermenilerine, \u00fclkeden uzakla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u201ckendi lehlerine\u201d olaca\u011f\u0131 telkin edildi. Sebastia\u2019da (Sivas) Ermenilerin \u015fehir s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 yasaklan\u0131p, baz\u0131 sanat dallar\u0131 ellerinde al\u0131nd\u0131. Frans\u0131z konsoloslu\u011funun 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bir rapora g\u00f6re, o y\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda, Sebastia Ermenilerinin zengin kesiminin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015fehri terk etmi\u015fti. 1929-1930 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, 6000\u2019in \u00fczerinde Ermeni Suriye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kald\u0131. Suriye makamlar\u0131na verdikleri beyana g\u00f6re, g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye mecbur olmu\u015flar, g\u00f6\u00e7 yolunda s\u0131k-s\u0131k haydutlar\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na u\u011fray\u0131p soyulmu\u015flard\u0131[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u201c\u0130sk\u00e2n Kanunu\u201dnun ilan edilmesinden (21 Haziran 1934) yakla\u015f\u0131k alt\u0131 ay \u00f6nce Anadolu\u2019daki Ermeni\u2019lere kar\u015f\u0131 yeni bir takibat ba\u015flad\u0131. \u201cG\u00e2vur\u201dun yerel halk taraf\u0131ndan evinden kovulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, halk\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Ermeniler, m\u00fclklerini yok pahas\u0131na satmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130ki ay zarf\u0131nda 600 Ermeni mecburen \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. \u201c\u0130sk\u00e2n Kanunu\u201dnun ilan edilmesiyle bu tehcir resmile\u015ftirildi[19]<\/a>. Gen\u00e7 T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti de 1915\u2019te ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Aleksandret (\u0130skenderun), 13 Temmuz 1939\u2019da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ba\u011flan\u0131p, Hatay olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Aleksandret\u2019in Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mesinden sonra Kilikya\u2019dan buraya yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan 35000 Ermeni\u2019yi 18 ay i\u00e7inde \u00fclkeyi terk etmeye mecbur ettiler. Ayn\u0131s\u0131, Musa Da\u011f\u2019daki Ermenilere yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcm bunlar, \u201culus-devlet\u201d kurmak, az\u0131nl\u0131klardan kurtulmak siyasetinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcn\u00fcn imdad\u0131na yeti\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 da, ekonomik pazar\u0131 T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmek niyetiyle haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olan plan\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in \u00fclkenin \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131 cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn imdad\u0131na yeti\u015fti.<\/p>\n

    \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Balkan Harbi g\u00fcnlerinde, Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi grubunun 30 Kas\u0131m 1940 g\u00fcnk\u00fc oturumunda, mebus ve Ermenistan\u2019a sald\u0131ran Kemalist ordular\u0131n komutan\u0131 K\u00e2z\u0131m Karabekir, gayrim\u00fcslimlere kar\u015f\u0131 var olan g\u00fcvensizlikten bahsederek, Kemalist \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u015feklini ortaya koymaktayd\u0131, \u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019un i\u015fgal edilmesini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak bu y\u00f6nde haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapmal\u0131y\u0131z. B\u00f6yle bir durumda Ermeniler, Yunanl\u0131lar ve Yahudiler ne yapacaklard\u0131r\u2026? Bir sava\u015f durumunu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak, zararl\u0131 unsurlar\u0131 Anadolu\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131mal\u0131y\u0131z. Bu unsurlar\u0131n terk etti\u011fi evleri de T\u00fcrklere vermeliyiz\u201d[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Alman tanklar\u0131, Sovyet topra\u011f\u0131nda ileri hareket ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011finde, T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, May\u0131s 1941\u2019de \u0130stanbul az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131ndan Ermeni, Yunanl\u0131 ve Yahudilerden 25-45 ya\u015flar\u0131nda olan ve 1894-1913 y\u0131llar\u0131nda do\u011fmu\u015f erkekleri, \u00f6nceden haber vermeksizin, sokakta, i\u015f yerlerinde, okullarda kimlik kontrol\u00fc yaparak, 48 saat i\u00e7inde toplad\u0131. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019daki gayrim\u00fcslim erkekler de topland\u0131. Bu toplama daha sonra \u201cYirmi Kura Askerlik\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Toplananlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde iki, hatta \u00fc\u00e7 kere askere gidip, daha yeni terhis olmu\u015f \u015fah\u0131slar da vard\u0131. Bu insanlara silah ve askeri \u00fcniforma verilmedi. \u00dcniforma yerine 1939 Erzincan depremi sonras\u0131nda Yunanistan\u2019dan g\u00f6nderilen \u00e7\u00f6p\u00e7\u00fc elbisesi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. Asker olarak kabul edilmi\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu insanlardan askeri e\u011fitim birlikleri meydana getirilece\u011fine, genelde Ermenilerden olmak \u00fczere \u201camele taburlar\u0131\u201d kuruldu. Yunanl\u0131lar ve Yahudiler orduda ikinci s\u0131n\u0131f i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Amele taburlar\u0131, \u00fclke i\u00e7lerinde t\u00fcnel a\u00e7ma (Zonguldak), ta\u015f k\u0131rma ve yol yapmaya (Afyon, Karab\u00fck, Konya, K\u00fctahya\u2026) g\u00f6nderildi. So\u011fuk iklimde a\u011f\u0131r i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar. Komutanlar\u0131 kendilerine s\u0131k-s\u0131k \u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019u ve ailelerinizi bir daha g\u00f6rmeyeceksiniz\u201d dediler[21]<\/a>. \u0130ddialara g\u00f6re devlet, bu insanlar\u0131 yok etme karar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131[22]<\/a>. Toplat\u0131lma niyeti gayet netti. Geli\u015fme, \u00e7o\u011falma ve ekonomik olarak ba\u015far\u0131 elde edebilme ya\u015f\u0131nda olanlar\u0131 \u201cetkisiz hale getirmek\u201d. Bu dayan\u0131lmaz eziyetlere katlanamayanlar, \u00f6ld\u00fc. Almanlar\u0131n, Stalingrat \u00f6nlerinde u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hezimet (18 Kas\u0131m 1942) 20 kuray\u0131 mutlak bir \u00f6l\u00fcmden kurtard\u0131. \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn, az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 \u201cetkisizle\u015ftirme\u201d plan\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131. 27 Temmuz 1942\u2019de hepsi azat edildi.<\/p>\n

    1942 y\u0131l\u0131nda, milliyet\u00e7i ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 hareket \u015fiddetlendi. Yahudi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ak\u0131m tekrar b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda hissedilir olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Alman i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndaki Romanya\u2019dan ka\u00e7an 769 Yahudi, 15 Aral\u0131k 1941\u2019de \u201cSturma\u201d gemisiyle \u0130stanbul\u2019a vard\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak istediler. Ba\u015fbakan Refik Saydam, gemiyi iki ay beklettikten sonra, 24 \u015eubat 1942\u2019de ricalar\u0131n\u0131 reddetti ve gemiye Romanya\u2019ya d\u00f6nme emri verildi. Gemi, Alman denizalt\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Karadeniz\u2019de bat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Sadece bir ki\u015fi kurtulabildi. Ba\u015fbakan, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye, ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan istenmeyen ilan edilmi\u015f ki\u015filerin yerle\u015fim yeri olamaz\u201d,- dedi[23]<\/a>. Ayn\u0131 ba\u015fbakan\u0131n emriyle, 4 May\u0131s 1942\u2019de, Anadolu Ajans\u0131\u2019nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 26 Yahudi i\u015ften at\u0131ld\u0131[24]<\/a>. Birka\u00e7 ay sonra, bir milletvekili, Milli Meclis\u2019in k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcnden \u201c\u2026 baz\u0131 vatanda\u015flar\u0131n kamusal alanlarda konu\u015ftu\u011fu dil T\u00fcrk\u00e7e de\u011fildir. Ey vatanda\u015f, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131ysan, T\u00fcrk diline sayg\u0131 g\u00f6ster. Kar\u015f\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn duygular\u0131n\u0131 zedeleme\u201d,- ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Irk\u00e7\u0131lar, milliyet\u00e7iler, pant\u00fcrkistler, az\u0131nl\u0131k mahallelerinde \u201cvatanda\u015f, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015f\u201d hayk\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla mahallelilere korku sald\u0131, hatta fiziki rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar da yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Refik Saydam\u2019\u0131m 7 Temmuzda ani \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ertesinde ba\u015fbakan olan \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Sara\u00e7o\u011flu, 12 Kas\u0131m 1942\u2019de, 4305 say\u0131l\u0131 \u201cVarl\u0131k Vergisi\u201d kanununu uygulamaya koydu, meclis oturumuna kat\u0131lan 350 milletvekilinin toplam\u0131 me\u015fum \u201cVarl\u0131k Vergisi\u201d lehinde oy kulland\u0131. Bu vergi, sava\u015f durumundan yararlanarak yabanc\u0131lar\u0131 ve az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 en a\u011f\u0131r vergilere maruz b\u0131rak\u0131p, varl\u0131klar\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131kmak ve ticaret piyasas\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmekti. 76 milletvekili o g\u00fcnk\u00fc oylamaya kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ba\u015fbakan Sara\u00e7o\u011flu, partisinin gizli bir oturumunda, partili milletvekillerine, bu verginin \u00f6zel olarak az\u0131nl\u0131klar i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olup, bu vergi sayesinde, az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n elinde bulunan ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fcn T\u00fcrk\u2019lerin eline ge\u00e7ece\u011fini taahh\u00fct ediyordu[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    M\u00fckellefleri d\u00f6rt kategoriye ay\u0131r\u0131p, her birinden beklenen vergi miktar\u0131n\u0131n oran\u0131n\u0131 tespit ettiler.<\/p>\n

    M \u2013 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen verginin % 12,5\u2019i.<\/p>\n

    G \u2013 Gayrim\u00fcslimler, % 50\u2019si.<\/p>\n

    D \u2013 D\u00f6nmeler, % 25\u2019i.<\/p>\n

    E \u2013 Ecnebiler, Ba\u015fta hayli y\u00fcksek, fakat daha sonra % 12,5.<\/p>\n

    Kanunun 7. Maddesine istinaden, her bir \u015fah\u0131stan tahsil edilecek miktar\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in, her vilayette yerel valiler ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda vergi toplay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, ticaret odalar\u0131 ve belediye temsilcilerinden m\u00fcte\u015fekkil kurullar olu\u015fturuldu. Bu kurallar\u0131n \u00fcyelerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 eski ittihat\u00e7\u0131lard\u0131[26]<\/a>. Haz\u0131rlanan listelerin i\u00e7inde, \u0130stanbul listesi 17 Kas\u0131m 1942\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. Kimsenin elinde kan\u0131t kalmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in, maliye bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan vergi toplayanlara g\u00f6nderilen talimatlar \u015fifahen verildi[27]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Kanunun 11. Maddesine g\u00f6re m\u00fckelleflerin, tespit edilen vergilere itiraz etme haklar\u0131 yoktu.<\/p>\n

    Ba\u015fbakan, bu vergiyle ilgili karakteristik a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulundu. \u201cBu \u00fclkenin g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldu\u011fu misafirperverlikten faydalan\u0131p zenginle\u015fenler, bu vergiyi \u00f6demelidir. Vergiyi \u00f6demekten ka\u00e7\u0131nanlar, kanunun t\u00fcm sertli\u011fiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facaklard\u0131r\u201d[28]<\/a>. T\u00fcm \u0130stanbul gazeteleri, vergiyi \u00f6ven makaleler yay\u0131nlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

    1877-1878 Rus-Osmanl\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde de, \u0130slam ordusunun kendilerinin rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131, mal ve can g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in cepheye gitti\u011fi sebep g\u00f6sterilerek, gayrim\u00fcslimlerden, Osmanl\u0131 ordusuna b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta hibe yapmalar\u0131 talep edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

    Zaman, devletin ad\u0131 ve oyuncular\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f, fakat zihniyet de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

    1935 say\u0131m\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re az\u0131nl\u0131klar, \u0130stanbul n\u00fcfusunun % 22\u2019sini, \u0130zmir\u2019in ise % 6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil etmekteydi. Toplanan verginin toplam miktar\u0131 317 milyon T\u00fcrk liras\u0131 oldu. \u0130stanbullulardan tahsil edilen, bu miktar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k % 70\u2019i olup 211 milyon tutmaktayd\u0131. Bunun 155 milyonunu az\u0131nl\u0131klar \u00f6demi\u015fti. Farkl\u0131 bir veriye g\u00f6re, gayrim\u00fcslimlerin \u00f6demi\u015f oldu\u011fu toplam miktar 280 milyondu[29]<\/a>. Ermeniler, Yunanl\u0131lar ve Yahudiler, paylar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen m\u00fcthi\u015f vergiyi, kanunun 12. Maddesinde belirtilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi 15 g\u00fcnde \u00f6deyebilmek i\u00e7in, m\u00fclklerini yok pahas\u0131na satt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

    Almanya, kendisiyle ticari ba\u011f i\u00e7inde bulunan yabanc\u0131 vatanda\u015flar\u0131n vergi y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc hafifletmek amac\u0131yla 5 milyon mark g\u00f6nderdi. Yabanc\u0131 devletlerin bask\u0131s\u0131yla E kategorisindeki \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n vergileri tekrar g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irildi ve onlara da, M kategorisindekiler gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck miktarlar tespit edildi.<\/p>\n

    Vergilerini k\u0131smen dahi veremeyenlerin mobilyalar\u0131 ve varsa, ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131na el konulup a\u00e7\u0131k artt\u0131rmayla sat\u0131ld\u0131. Aralar\u0131nda 330 ev, 197 d\u00fckk\u00e2n, 190 arsa, 80 daire, 42 depo, 7 bina, 8 fabrika, 5 f\u0131r\u0131n, 12 tarla, 2 hamam, 1 villa, 3 geminin bulundu\u011fu 885 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz a\u00e7\u0131k artt\u0131rmayla sat\u0131ld\u0131. Elde edilen miktar\u0131n vergiyi \u00f6demek i\u00e7in yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda, m\u00fckellef s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderiliyordu. 2057 vergi bor\u00e7lusu, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmek amac\u0131yla, de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerde hapsedildi. 21 \u015eubat 1943\u2019ten ba\u015flayarak 1229\u2019u \u0130stanbul\u2019dan olmak \u00fczere, 1400 gayrim\u00fcslim partiler halinde Karin\u2019in (Erzurum) Yeprat (F\u0131rat) Nehri civar\u0131nda bulunan A\u015fkale Nahiyesi\u2019ne s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilenler yol ia\u015felerini kendileri kar\u015f\u0131layacakt\u0131. \u00d6nceden haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f kamplarda toplanan bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler \u0130ran-Trabzon karayolunu kardan temizledi, Karin-Sebastia (Erzurum-Sivas) yolunda kaz\u0131 i\u015fleri yap\u0131p, ta\u015f k\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    S\u00fcrg\u00fcn kervanlar\u0131 Ankara tren istasyonundan ge\u00e7erken, istasyona dolu\u015fan Ankaral\u0131lar, hayvanat bah\u00e7esindeki hayvanlar\u0131 seyreder gibi bu insanlar\u0131 seyretmekteydi[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u201cZorunlu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Kamplar\u0131\u201dnda 25 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn \u00f6ld\u00fc. Bir\u00e7o\u011funun sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bozuldu.<\/p>\n

    Yabanc\u0131 gazetelerde \u201cHayvan, iplerinden kurtuldu\u201d, \u201cVarl\u0131k vergisi, T\u00fcrk barbarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yeni bir \u00f6rne\u011fi\u201d, \u201cIrk\u00e7\u0131 bir uygulama, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Varl\u0131k Vergisi\u201d\u2026 ba\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda tenkit yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yay\u0131nland\u0131[31]<\/a>. \u0130ngiltere h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bir\u00e7ok nota g\u00f6nderdi.<\/p>\n

    ABD\u2019nin Yahudi as\u0131ll\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye el\u00e7isi \u015etaynhord (Steinhord), d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi raporunda, vergi uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, vergi oranlar\u0131n\u0131 ise m\u00fckelleflerin \u00f6deme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczerinde nitelendirip, Saraco\u011flu\u2019nu, az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 \u201cezmekle\u201d itham etmekteydi[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Varl\u0131k Vergisi\u2019nin, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndaki az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen anla\u015fmay\u0131 imzalam\u0131\u015f olan devletler sava\u015f i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, nota g\u00f6ndermekten ziyade bir \u015fey yapam\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Varl\u0131k Vergisi kanununa istinaden 55 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7kin m\u00fckellefler fiziksel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya mahk\u00fbm edilmeyecekti, fakat 75-80 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u015fah\u0131slar da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamplar\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi[33]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Daha t\u00fcm vergi toplanmam\u0131\u015f, el konmu\u015f olan m\u00fclklerin a\u00e7\u0131k artt\u0131rmayla sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 devam ederken, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir tesad\u00fcfle, Almanya\u2019y\u0131 yenilgiye u\u011fratan \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcn\u00fcn Yalta toplant\u0131s\u0131ndan (4-11 \u015eubat 1944) bir ay sonra 4530 say\u0131l\u0131 ve 15 Mart 1944 tarihli kanun maddesiyle Varl\u0131k Vergisi uygulanmas\u0131na son verildi. Milletvekillerinden biri ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn mecliste yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada \u201c\u2026 bu kanunla onlar\u0131 affediyoruz. Lakin halk onlar\u0131 nas\u0131l affedecektir? Onlar\u0131n, halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n aras\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p gitmeleri gerekiyor. \u2026halk \u00f6c\u00fcn\u00fc al\u0131r, onlar\u0131 lin\u00e7 eder veya ne eder bilemem[34]<\/a>\u201d,- demekteydi.<\/p>\n

    \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan bir s\u00fcre sonra, uygun f\u0131rsatlarda, Ermeniler ve Yunanl\u0131lar do\u011fum yerlerini terk edip \u00fclkeden uzakla\u015ft\u0131lar. Bu durum, Varl\u0131k Vergisi\u2019nin beklenen neticesiydi. \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve devlet politikas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan, \u00fclkeyi ve ekonomi piyasas\u0131n\u0131 az\u0131nl\u0131klardan temizleme plan\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucuydu bu.<\/p>\n

    Y\u00f6netimdeki Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olan bir rapora istinaden, 1950\u2019ye kadar K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya, Yahudiler ve H\u0131ristiyanlardan, \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinin 500. y\u0131l\u0131 olan 1953\u2019e kadar da \u0130stanbul\u2019da toplanm\u0131\u015f olan Yunanl\u0131lar temizlenmi\u015f olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, 1945 Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ermenilere, Ermenistan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, Aral\u0131k 1946\u2019ya kadar 10 bin \u0130stanbullu Ermeni, Sovyet el\u00e7ili\u011fine ba\u015fvurdu.<\/p>\n

    Zaman\u0131n patrik vekili Georg Ba\u015fepiskopos Arslanyan, 18 Ekim 1946 tarihli mektubuyla VI. Georg (1945-1954) T\u00fcm Ermenileri Katolikosu\u2019na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan Ermenilerin anavatana g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeyi \u00e7ok arzulad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, fakat \u00f6nceli\u011fin, Anadolu\u2019nun farkl\u0131 kesimlerinde ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla k\u00f6ylerde da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k halde, zor \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda ya\u015fayan binlerce Ermeni\u2019ye verilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Sovyetler, farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerden ba\u015fvuranlara yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n aksine, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ba\u015fvuru yapanlar\u0131 Ermenistan\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in gemi yollamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n bask\u0131lar\u0131 sonucu ve bir demokrasi g\u00f6stergesi olarak 18 Temmuz 1945\u2019te kurulan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ikinci siyasi partisi Demokrat Parti, Adnan Menderes\u2019in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na geldi. Siyasi hava fazla bo\u011fucu de\u011fildi. O g\u00fcnlerdeki gazeteleri siyasi karikat\u00fcrler s\u00fcslemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bir Ermeni, bir Yahudi ve iki Yunanl\u0131 parlamentoya se\u00e7ildi. Belli ve belirgin bir h\u00fcrriyet vard\u0131. Sanki bir \u00f6nceki, Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi\u2019nin tekil, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve bask\u0131c\u0131 d\u00f6nemi son bulmu\u015f gibiydi. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ahaliyi H\u0131ristiyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtan gazetelerdeki yaz\u0131lar son buldu. DP\u2019nin i\u00e7 t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re t\u00fcm vatanda\u015flar, dini ve \u0131rki ay\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, T\u00fcrk olarak kabul edilmekteydi. Lakin vatanda\u015fl\u0131k betimlemesi ortak tarih ve benzer vizyona sahip olmay\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, Halk Partisi\u2019nden fark\u0131 yoktu. Az\u0131nl\u0131klara memuriyet veya \u00fcniversite hocal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir kanun olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Halk Partisi\u2019nde oldu\u011fu gibi Demokratlar zaman\u0131nda da bu mevkilerde az\u0131nl\u0131klara i\u015f verilmemekteydi. Partinin ba\u015f kurucular\u0131 Adnan Menderes, Fuat K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc, Refik Koraltan\u2026 Halk Partisi \u00fcyesi ve Varl\u0131k Vergisi lehine oy kullanm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerdi. Kuruculardan Celal Bayar ve 75 milletvekili bu kanunun oyland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc mecliste de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n

    1952\u2019de K\u0131br\u0131s Sorunu do\u011fdu.<\/p>\n

    K\u0131br\u0131s, bir \u0130ngiliz kolonisiydi. K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 Yunanl\u0131lar, aday\u0131 Yunanistan\u2019a ba\u011flamak i\u00e7in (Enosis) silahl\u0131 mukavemete ba\u015fvurdular. \u0130ngiltere, d\u00e2hiyane diplomasisiyle sorunu bir T\u00fcrk-Yunan sorununa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc ve 1954\u2019te Yunanistan\u2019la g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde bulunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetini Londra\u2019ya davet etti.<\/p>\n

    \u00dclkede ba\u015f g\u00f6steren ekonomik zorluklar ve bas\u0131n\u0131n sert ele\u015ftirileri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Menderes h\u00fck\u00fcmeti zor durumda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Halk\u0131n ve bas\u0131n\u0131n dikkatini ba\u015fka taraflara \u00e7ekmek, onlar\u0131n farkl\u0131 bir sorunla ilgilenmesini sa\u011flamak gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n

    K\u0131br\u0131s Sorunu, Menderes\u2019in kurtulu\u015fu oldu.<\/p>\n

    \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Yunanl\u0131lar ve Ermeniler, T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in \u015faibeli unsurlar olup \u00fclke d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olarak kabul edilmekteydi. Ticaret piyasas\u0131 belli bir oranda h\u00e2l\u00e2 az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n elinde bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Asimilasyon politikas\u0131 beklenen sonucu vermemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

    \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu cumhuriyet\u00e7i \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda elde etti\u011fi, \u00fclkeyi T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme siyaseti uygulama f\u0131rsat\u0131, Menderes T\u00fcrkiye\u2019sine K\u0131br\u0131s Sorunu verdi.<\/p>\n

    6 Eyl\u00fcl 1955 geldi-\u00e7att\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Devlet radyosu, \u00f6\u011fleden sonra saat 13\u2019te, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn Selanik\u2019te do\u011fdu\u011fu evin bah\u00e7esine Yunanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan bomba at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberini verdi. Ba\u015fbakana yak\u0131n biri taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u201c\u0130stanbul Ekspres\u201d gazetesi de ak\u015fam bask\u0131s\u0131nda 250 veya 290 bin tirajla ayn\u0131 haberi yay\u0131nlad\u0131. O g\u00fcnlerde, bu denli b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tiraj\u0131, bu kadar k\u0131sa zamanda basmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi[35]<\/a>. B\u00f6yle bir tiraj i\u00e7in k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t bulmak da hayli zor bir i\u015fti. 1954 y\u0131l\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00f6nerisiyle kurulmu\u015f ve devlet deste\u011fine sahip bir gen\u00e7lik derme\u011fi olan \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr Cemiyeti\u201d \u00fcyeleri, bu gazeteyi \u015fehrin t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerinde halka da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131lar. Bu dernek, kurulu\u015f a\u015famas\u0131nda devletten 20 bin, daha sonra da 200 bin lira alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Daha sonra, \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Atina el\u00e7isinin, bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce\u2026 A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda Londra\u2019ya g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi bir raporunda bomba at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermi\u015f oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u201cPi\u015fman olmayacaks\u0131n\u0131z\u201d \u00f6nerileriyle daha \u00f6nceden Anadolu\u2019dan getirtilen[38]<\/a>, kendilerine farkl\u0131 nakil vas\u0131talar\u0131 sa\u011flanan, kazma-k\u00fcrekler, baltalar ve sopalarla silahland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcruh, 20-30 ki\u015filik gruplara ayr\u0131larak, Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n ve Ermenilerin evleri, d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131, i\u015f yerleri, okullar\u0131 ve kiliselerinin adreslerine sahip \u00f6nderleriyle y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 misyonuna ba\u015flad\u0131. D\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n demir kepenklerini k\u0131r\u0131p, vitrinlerin camlar\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alayarak mallar\u0131 soka\u011fa d\u00f6kerek, ayaklar alt\u0131na al\u0131p k\u0131rd\u0131lar. Evlerin, hatta binalar\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc, be\u015finci kattaki dairelerin kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131p, i\u00e7eri girdiler \u201cBug\u00fcn mal\u0131n\u0131z, yar\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131z\u201d[39]<\/a> hayk\u0131r\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla evdekilere korku salarak, e\u015fyalar\u0131 pencerelerden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 att\u0131lar. Sokaklar, k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f buzdolaplar\u0131 ve piyanolar, cam, ayna ve tabak-\u00e7anak par\u00e7alar\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli ev e\u015fyalar\u0131, kesilmi\u015f, y\u0131rt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f elbise ve kuma\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131, pastane ve bakkal d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131ndaki g\u0131da maddeleriyle doldu. K\u0131ramad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 arabalar\u0131n arkas\u0131na ba\u011flayarak sokak-sokak s\u00fcr\u00fcklediler. Ya\u011fmalay\u0131p, ganimet g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Yanlar\u0131nda g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilecekleri elbise, ayakkab\u0131, ziynet e\u015fyas\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek veya vas\u0131talarla sokaklardan ge\u00e7mek imk\u00e2ns\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131. Kiliseleri kirlettiler. Kiliselerdeki e\u015fyalar\u0131 k\u0131rd\u0131lar. Baz\u0131 kiliseleri ate\u015fe verdiler. Manast\u0131rlar\u0131 ya\u011fmalad\u0131lar. Mezarl\u0131klardaki mezar ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rd\u0131lar. Tabutlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p, kemikleri k\u0131rd\u0131lar ve yakt\u0131lar. Yeni g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f cesetleri b\u0131\u00e7aklad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

    Polis m\u00fcdahale etmedi, seyirci kald\u0131. G\u00fcruha yard\u0131m edip te\u015fvik eden polisler de oldu[40]<\/a>. 1960 ihtilal\u0131 sonras\u0131nda \u201cYass\u0131ada\u201dda g\u00f6r\u00fclen dava esnas\u0131nda, polislere sadece yang\u0131n halinde m\u00fcdahale etmeleri talimat\u0131n\u0131n verilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131[41]<\/a>. Gece ge\u00e7 saatte, \u015fehir art\u0131k tan\u0131namaz bir haldeyken, ordu \u015fehre girdi. Gece soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasa\u011f\u0131 konuldu. S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan edildi. Ordu komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan askeri mahkemeler kurularak gazetelere s\u0131k\u0131 sans\u00fcr uyguland\u0131. 6 Eyl\u00fcle ili\u015fkin yaz\u0131 ve foto\u011fraflar\u0131n yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 yasakland\u0131. \u0130MF toplant\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fehirde bulunan yabanc\u0131 muhabirler, sans\u00fcre u\u011framamak ve olaylarla ilgili foto\u011fraflar\u0131 acilen gazetelerine ula\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in hemen \u00fclkeden uzakla\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

    \u0130stanbul\u2019da 5104 ki\u015fi tutukland\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmet ilk anda, olaylar\u0131 halk\u0131n infiali olarak g\u00f6sterdi, daha sonra ise Kom\u00fcnistleri su\u00e7lad\u0131. Tutuklananlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131, Aral\u0131kta yap\u0131lan duru\u015fma sonras\u0131nda serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Olaylar\u0131n, y\u00f6netimde bulunan parti, M\u0130T, \u00f6\u011frenci dernekleri ve \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr Cemiyeti\u201dnin i\u015fbirli\u011fiyle tertip edilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Tempo dergisi, 9 Haziran 1991 say\u0131s\u0131nda \u00d6zel Harp Dairesi eski ba\u015fkanlar\u0131ndan, emekli General Sabri Yirmibe\u015fo\u011flu\u2019yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yle\u015fi esnas\u0131nda generalin, 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zel Harp Dairesi taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok iyi \u015fekilde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f olup, amac\u0131na vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusundaki s\u00f6zlerine yer verdi[42]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Dava tutanaklar\u0131na istinaden 5317 yer, 4214 ev, 1004 d\u00fckk\u00e2n, 73 kilise, 1 sinagog, 2 manast\u0131r, 26 okul, i\u015fyeri, otel sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011fray\u0131p ya\u011fmalanm\u0131\u015f olup\u2026 zarar g\u00f6ren binalar\u0131n % 59\u2019u Yunanl\u0131lara, % 17\u2019si Ermenilere ve % 12\u2019si Yahudilere aitti. Verilen zarar, o g\u00fcnlerin de\u011feriyle yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 150 milyon lira olup, 54 milyon dolara tekab\u00fcl etmekteydi[43]<\/a>. Baz\u0131 farkl\u0131 verilerle bu miktar 69,5 milyon dolara ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Uluslar Aras\u0131 Kiliseler Konseyi\u2019nin tahminlerine g\u00f6re zarar, 150 milyon dolar, Yunan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti hesaplar\u0131na g\u00f6re ise 500 milyon dolara ula\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Farkl\u0131 kaynaklar, yukar\u0131da belirtilenlerle ilgili ek veriler vermektedir. Bir \u00e7uval i\u00e7inde yanm\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 ceset bulunmu\u015ftu. Aralar\u0131nda 5 din adam\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, 16 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 50 kadar Yunanl\u0131 kad\u0131na, aile fertlerinin g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcnde tecav\u00fcz edilmi\u015fti. 50\u2019si a\u011f\u0131r olmak \u00fczere, 500\u2019den fazla ki\u015fi yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130ki mezarl\u0131k tahrip edilmi\u015fti. Yak\u0131lan, y\u0131k\u0131lan, tahrip edilen yerlerin say\u0131s\u0131 5622\u2019ye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131[44]<\/a>. Tecav\u00fcze u\u011fram\u0131\u015f 60 Yunanl\u0131 kad\u0131n tedavi i\u00e7in Yunan hastanesine ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftu[45]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Yunan Patrikhanesi verilerine g\u00f6re 95 kiliseden 61\u2019i tamamen veya k\u0131smen tahrip edilmi\u015f, 8\u2019i yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 1 Yunan-Katolik kilisesi y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 48 okuldan 36\u2019s\u0131na az veya \u00e7ok zarar verilmi\u015fti. \u0130stanbul\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan d\u00f6rt Yunanca gazetesinin yaz\u0131haneleri ve i\u00e7lerinde, matbaas\u0131 olan ikisinin matbaas\u0131 da tahrip edilmi\u015fti[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    B\u00fcy\u00fck zarar g\u00f6ren i\u015fyerleri, ma\u011fazalar tekrar a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131. Di\u011ferleri, i\u015flerini T\u00fcrklere satt\u0131. Devlete ve h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenlerini kaybeden 70 bin H\u0131ristiyan, Ermeni ve Yunanl\u0131, 1955-62 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda do\u011fdu\u011fu topraklar\u0131 terk etti. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131yla ilgili, H\u0131ristiyan az\u0131nl\u0131klardan kurtulma ve ekonomiyi millile\u015ftirme niyetine vard\u0131. 1920\u2019li y\u0131llarda, yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 bin, 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 110 bin olan \u0130stanbullu Yunan cemaati, yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda ancak 1600 ki\u015fi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu arada, \u015fehrin n\u00fcfusu 15 milyona ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 200-250 binlik Ermeni cemaatinden de yakla\u015f\u0131k 70 bin ki\u015fi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

    \u00dclkenin ticari piyasas\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, T\u00fcrk\u00fc zenginle\u015ftirmenin farkl\u0131, T\u00fcrk\u00fc i\u015fadam\u0131 yetenekleriyle donatman\u0131n ise farkl\u0131 \u015feyler oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmediler. Ancak 1970\u2019lerde T\u00fcrkler ticaret piyasas\u0131na sahip olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

    27 May\u0131s 1960\u2019ta, ordu taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ihtilal sonras\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen davalar esnas\u0131nda, Selanik\u2019teki bomban\u0131n, ayn\u0131 \u015fehirdeki \u00fcniversitede \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6ren ve Yunan tebaal\u0131 T\u00fcrk \u00f6\u011frenci Oktay Engin taraf\u0131ndan at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, yerel polis g\u00fcc\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan tutuklan\u0131p yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131, yarg\u0131 masraflar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6dendi\u011fi, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la mahk\u00fcm edilip hapisten ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ailesine maddi yard\u0131mda bulunup, kendisini de m\u00fck\u00e2fatland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kendisine \u00f6nce makam verilmi\u015f, daha sonra da Milli \u0130stihbarat Te\u015fkilat\u0131 b\u00fcnyesine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Daha sonra ise Nev\u015fehir valisi tayin edilmi\u015fti. Engin, 1960 ihtilal\u0131 esnas\u0131nda tutukland\u0131, fakat k\u0131sa zamanda serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \u201c\u0130stanbul Ekspres\u201d gazetesinin sahibi daha sonra milletvekili se\u00e7ildi. Gazetenin yaz\u0131 i\u015fleri sorumlusu da bir uluslar aras\u0131 haber ajans\u0131 kurdu. Olaylar esnas\u0131nda M\u0130T te\u015fkilat\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olan \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr Cemiyeti\u201dnin ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 da, olaylardan on y\u0131l sonra, 1965\u2019te milletvekili se\u00e7ildi ve 1980\u2019e kadar birka\u00e7 bakanl\u0131k koltu\u011funa sahip oldu.<\/p>\n

    50 y\u0131l \u00f6nce vuku bulan 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131, T\u00fcrk devletinin d\u00e2hil oldu\u011fu, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirilmesi ve ekonominin millile\u015ftirilmesi siyasetinin kanl\u0131 basamaklar\u0131ndan biriydi. Bu insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olaylara ra\u011fmen, bat\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de ABD taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye, bat\u0131l\u0131 demokrasi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerinde bir devlet olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Bir T\u00fcrk kurulu\u015fu taraf\u0131ndan, 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl\u00fcn ellinci y\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fcnasebetiyle \u0130stanbul\u2019da, barbarla\u015fm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcruh taraf\u0131ndan gayrim\u00fcslimlere u\u011frat\u0131lan zarar\u0131 te\u015fhir eden olaylarla ilgili 250 b\u00fcy\u00fck ve hi\u00e7 yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f foto\u011fraf sergilendi. Bu foto\u011fraflarda, g\u00fcruhun i\u00e7inde, demir \u00e7ubuklar ve baltalarla d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n vitrinlerini tahrip eden \u015f\u0131k giyimli kad\u0131nlar g\u00f6z\u00fckmekteydi. Polis ve askerlerin mevcudiyetinde d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar\u0131n tahrip edilip ya\u011fmaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u00e7ok say\u0131da foto\u011fraf vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Sergi, sergilemi\u015f oldu\u011fu sars\u0131c\u0131 foto\u011fraflarla sadece ge\u00e7mi\u015fi haf\u0131zalarda canland\u0131rmakla kalmay\u0131p, bu foto\u011fraflara yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131yla da \u00f6zellik kazand\u0131. Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcz ve demokrasi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131, sa\u011fc\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i baz\u0131 \u00e7evreler, \u201cya sev, ya terk et\u201d, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr ve T\u00fcrk kalacak\u201d, \u201c\u00c7ocuklu\u011fumuzda Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn evi bombaland\u0131, biz bunlar\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131k\u201d sloganlar\u0131yla sergi salonuna sald\u0131r\u0131p baz\u0131 resimleri y\u0131rtt\u0131lar ve yumurta att\u0131lar. Bu adamlar\u0131n veya kendilerine ders verenlerin haf\u0131zas\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131sa olmal\u0131 ki, bombay\u0131 atan\u0131n, T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin talimat\u0131yla bir T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn atm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu unutmu\u015flard\u0131. Bu sergi T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti ve bu T\u00fcrklerin de, kendileri kadar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015famaya hakk\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Baz\u0131 \u00e7evrelerin kafalar\u0131n\u0131n 50 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015f olmakla kalmay\u0131p, kendilerine yardak\u00e7\u0131lar yeti\u015ftirmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 bilinmektedir. Ac\u0131 olan, bu gerici az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sesi ve siyasi etkinli\u011finin, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc \u00e7evreden daha \u00e7ok olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcz, gerici ve tabular arkas\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan \u00e7evre, 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131n\u0131 ink\u00e2r edemedi, fakat tarihi tersy\u00fcz etme derecesine varan bir ars\u0131zl\u0131kla, Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n olmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu iddia etmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Uluslar aras\u0131 toplumun olumsuz fikrini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle, olaylardan bir s\u00fcre sonra, zarara u\u011frayanlar i\u00e7in yetersiz oranda, zararlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak % 30\u2019u oran\u0131nda tazminat verildi. Tazminatlar\u0131n \u00f6denmesi i\u00e7in cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n himayesinde kurulan komisyon, iki y\u0131l zarf\u0131nda, bankalardan ve b\u00fcy\u00fck kurulu\u015flardan yakla\u015f\u0131k 9 milyon lira teberru toplad\u0131[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Tazminat alanlardan, kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ve ilerde tazminat i\u00e7in herhangi bir mercie ba\u015fvurmayacaklar\u0131 konusunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 taahh\u00fctname talep edildi[49]<\/a>. Komisyon, 3 Ermeni okuluna 150-500 lira ve k\u0131z bi\u00e7ki-diki\u015f okuluna da 2000 lira tazminat verdi[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019ta T\u00fcrkler ve Yunanl\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki durum tekrar gerginle\u015fti. T\u00fcrk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti f\u0131rsattan istifade ederek, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan Yunan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fclkeden kovmak i\u00e7in, 1930\u2019da Yunanistan\u2019la imzalanm\u0131\u015f olan ve Yunan vatanda\u015flar\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131na da Yunanistan\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131 veren \u201c\u0130kamet, ticaret ve seyrisefanin\u201d antla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 16 Mart 1964\u2019te tek tarafl\u0131 olarak feshetti. Sekiz g\u00fcn sonra, ticaret piyasas\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmek niyetiyle, 9 Yunan vatanda\u015f\u0131 i\u015fadam\u0131, 15 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde i\u015fyerlerini kapatmaya davet edildi. \u0130lk partide 150 Yunan vatanda\u015f\u0131 i\u015fadam\u0131 \u00fclkeden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. O y\u0131llarda \u0130stanbul ticaret odas\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 1000 Yunan vatanda\u015f\u0131 i\u015fadam\u0131 vard\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, \u00f6ncelikle bu adamlar\u0131n m\u00fclklerinin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na engel koydu, ard\u0131ndan, onlar\u0131n bankalardaki hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 dondurdu. 1965 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar 12592 Yunan vatanda\u015f\u0131 \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Bu Yunan vatanda\u015flar\u0131, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 Yunanl\u0131larla aile kurmu\u015ftu ve b\u00f6ylece, 30 bin Yunanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den uzakla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

    G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131ndan 50 y\u0131l sonra, ac\u0131lar biraz dinmi\u015f de olsa, yara tedavi edilmemi\u015ftir. 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl\u00fcn bu barbarca olaylar\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinden hi\u00e7biri bug\u00fcne kadar resmi olarak \u00f6z\u00fcr dilememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcrkiye kanunlar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 ilgilendiren kanunlar, Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerindeki kanunlarla k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda geri kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avrupa Birli\u011fiyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin ba\u015flayabilmesi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 kanunlarda reformlar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, t\u00fcm bunlar k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kalmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015ftirilmedi. \u00dclkede, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar s\u00f6z ve fikir beyan etme h\u00fcrriyeti yoktur. Herhangi bir konuda devletin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 fikir beyan eden ki\u015fi kendisini mahkemede bulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u0130mparatorluk d\u00f6neminde, Osmanl\u0131 elit tabakas\u0131, \u201cOsmanl\u0131\u201d olarak an\u0131lan bir milletin var oldu\u011funu sanmaktayd\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u015fekli h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrmektedir, tek fark, \u201cOsmanl\u0131\u201d kelimesi yerine \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d kelimesinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bakanlar kurulu \u00fcyeli\u011fi de yapm\u0131\u015f olan T\u00fcrkiye Sosyalist Partisi ba\u015fkan\u0131 Deniz Baykal, 29 Kas\u0131m 2005\u2019te, parti grubu toplant\u0131s\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde bir tek millet vard\u0131r, bu ise T\u00fcrk milletidir\u201d,- demekteydi [51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti y\u00f6netimi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sadece T\u00fcrklerin \u00fclkesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fine h\u00e2l\u00e2 idrak etmi\u015f de\u011fildir. T\u00fcrklerin yan\u0131nda \u00c7e\u00e7enler, Aleviler, Lazlar, \u00c7erkezler, S\u00fcryaniler, Bo\u015fnaklar, Araplar, yirmi milyon K\u00fcrt, 1915\u2019te M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131larak M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan evlat edinilmi\u015f Ermenilerin nesilleri (bir milyon veya daha da fazla) ve Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131yla resmen az\u0131nl\u0131k olarak tan\u0131nan Ermeniler, Yunanl\u0131lar ve Yahudiler vard\u0131r. Bu \u00e7ok milletlik ger\u00e7e\u011fini kale almadan benzer a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunmak dar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fcl\u00fck ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Ana dillerini \u00f6\u011frenme f\u0131rsat\u0131 ve imk\u00e2n\u0131ndan mahrum kalm\u0131\u015f olup, mecburen T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fanlar\u0131 T\u00fcrk olarak kabul etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olup, T\u00fcrkl\u00fckle olan ba\u011flar\u0131 sadece ve sadece ayn\u0131 dine ait olmakla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olanlar\u0131 da T\u00fcrk olarak kabul etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

    Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f nedenlerinden biri de T\u00fcrk elit s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi olmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti y\u00f6netimi de benzer bir yola girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Mart 2006<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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    [1]<\/a> Arsen Avakyan<\/strong>, \u201cErmeniler ve \u0130ttihat ve Terakki, \u0130\u015fbirli\u011finden \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmaya\u201d, Aras Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 2005, s. 89-91.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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    [2]<\/a> Mevlanzade R\u0131fat, <\/strong>\u201cOsmanl\u0131 \u0130htilal\u0131n\u0131n Karanl\u0131k Y\u00f6nleri\u201d (Erm.), Tonikyan Yay\u0131nevi, III. Bask\u0131, Beyrut, 1975, s. 97, 98, Mevlanzade R\u0131fat, <\/strong>\u201cT\u00fcrkiye \u0130nk\u0131l\u00e2b\u0131n\u0131n \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fcz\u00fc\u201d, P\u0131nar Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1993, s. 108 (Bu kitap ilk \u00f6nce 1929 y\u0131l\u0131nda Halep\u2019te, Arap harfleriyle yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fcrt as\u0131ll\u0131 Mevlanzade R\u0131fat, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e muhalif 150\u2019lerin i\u00e7inde bulunmu\u015ftur. 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde bulundu\u011fu Halep\u2019te vefat etmi\u015ftir).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [3]<\/a> a.y., Ermenice bask\u0131da s. 98, 99, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bask\u0131da ise s. 109.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [4]<\/a> a.y., Ermenice bask\u0131da s. 99, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bask\u0131da ise s. 110.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [5]<\/a> a.y., Ermenice bask\u0131da s. 101, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bask\u0131da ise s. 113. Dr. Naz\u0131m, Cavit ve Talat, Selanik \u015fehrinin Sabetayist (Yahudilikten \u0130slam\u2019a ge\u00e7mi\u015f olanlar) cemaatine mensup olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [6]<\/a> Taner Ak\u00e7am, <\/strong>\u201c\u0130nsan Haklar ve Ermeni Sorunu\u201d \u0130mge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2002, s. 191.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [7]<\/a> Arsen Avakyan, <\/strong>\u201cErmeniler ve \u0130ttihat ve Terakki, \u0130\u015fbirli\u011finden \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmaya\u201d, Aras Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 2005, s. 78.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [8]<\/a> a.y., s. 81.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [9]<\/a> Mevlanzade R\u0131fat, <\/strong>\u201cOsmanl\u0131 \u0130htilal\u0131n\u0131n Karanl\u0131k Y\u00f6nleri\u201d (Erm.), Tonikyan Yay\u0131nevi, III. Bask\u0131, Beyrut, 1975, s. 97, 98, Mevlanzade R\u0131fat, <\/strong>\u201cT\u00fcrkiye \u0130nk\u0131l\u00e2b\u0131n\u0131n \u0130\u00e7 Y\u00fcz\u00fc\u201d, P\u0131nar Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1993, Ermenice bask\u0131s\u0131nda s. 170, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bask\u0131da ise s. 198.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [10]<\/a> a.y., Ermenice bask\u0131s\u0131nda s. 170, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bask\u0131da ise s. 198.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [11]<\/a> a.y., Ermenice bask\u0131s\u0131nda s. 324.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [12]<\/a> a.y., Ermenice bask\u0131s\u0131nda s. 324.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [13]<\/a> Tevfik \u00c7avdar<\/strong>, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Ekonomisinin Tarihi 1900-1960\u201d, 2003, s. 146.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [14]<\/a> Yahya Ko\u00e7o\u011flu<\/strong>, \u201cHat\u0131rl\u0131yorum, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Gayrim\u00fcslim Hayatlar\u0131\u201d, \u0130stanbul, 2003, s. 166.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [15]<\/a> a.y.,s. 162-164.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [16]<\/a> Dilek G\u00fcven*<\/strong>, \u201c6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131\u201d, \u0130stanbul Tarih Vakf\u0131, 2005, s. 100.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [17]<\/a> a.y., s. 99.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [18]<\/a> a.y., s. 103-105.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [19]<\/a> a.y., s. 105.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [20]<\/a> a.y., s. 107.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [21]<\/a> a.y., s. 108.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [22]<\/a> Yahya Ko\u00e7o\u011flu<\/strong>, \u201cHat\u0131rl\u0131yorum, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Gayrim\u00fcslim Hayatlar\u0131\u201d \u0130stanbul, 2003, s. 40.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [23]<\/a> a.y., s. 162, ayr\u0131ca bk. R\u0131dvan Akar<\/strong>, \u201cVarl\u0131k Vergisi\u201d, \u0130stanbul, 1992, s. 84.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [24]<\/a> R\u0131dvan Akar<\/strong>, \u201cVarl\u0131k Vergisi\u201d, \u0130stanbul, 1992, s. 83.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [25]<\/a> a.y., s. 49, 87.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [26]<\/a> Dilek G\u00fcven<\/strong>, \u201c6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131\u201d, \u0130stanbul Tarih Vakf\u0131, 2005, s. 111.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [27]<\/a> R\u0131dvan Akar<\/strong>, \u201cVarl\u0131k Vergisi\u201d, \u0130stanbul, 1992, s. 9.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [28]<\/a> a.y., s. 61.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [29]<\/a> Dilek G\u00fcven<\/strong>, \u201c6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131\u201d, \u0130stanbul Tarih Vakf\u0131, 2005, s. 117.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [30]<\/a> Yahya Ko\u00e7o\u011flu<\/strong>, \u201cHat\u0131rl\u0131yorum, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Gayrim\u00fcslim Hayatlar\u0131\u201d, \u0130stanbul, 2003, s. 45.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [31]<\/a> R\u0131dvan Akar<\/strong>, \u201cVarl\u0131k Vergisi\u201d, \u0130stanbul, 1992, s. 72.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [32]<\/a> a.y., s. 73.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [33]<\/a> Dilek G\u00fcven<\/strong>, \u201c6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131\u201d, \u0130stanbul Tarih Vakf\u0131, 2005, s. 116.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [34]<\/a> R\u0131dvan Akar<\/strong>, \u201cVarl\u0131k Vergisi\u201d, \u0130stanbul, 1992, s. 76.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [35]<\/a> Yahya Ko\u00e7o\u011flu<\/strong>, \u201cHat\u0131rl\u0131yorum, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Gayrim\u00fcslim Hayatlar\u0131\u201d, \u0130stanbul, 2003, s. 103-104.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [36]<\/a> \u201c6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131, Foto\u011fraflar, Belgeler\u201d, Fahri \u00c7oker Ar\u015fivi, Tarih Vakf\u0131 Yurt Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2005.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [37]<\/a> Toplumsal Tarih, Eyl\u00fcl, 2005.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [38]<\/a> Yelda, <\/strong>\u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019da, Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da Azal\u0131rken\u201d, Belge Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 1996.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [39]<\/a> Dilek G\u00fcven<\/strong>, \u201c6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131\u201d, \u0130stanbul Tarih Vakf\u0131, 2005, s. 19.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [40]<\/a> a.y., s. 20, 21.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [41]<\/a> a.y., s. 22.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [42]<\/a> Yelda, <\/strong>\u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019da, Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da Azal\u0131rken\u2026\u201d, s. 21 ve \u201c6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131\u201d, s. 72.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [43]<\/a> \u201c6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131, Foto\u011fraflar, Belgeler\u201d, s. IX ve Toplumsal Tarih, s. 39.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [44]<\/a> Yelda, <\/strong>\u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019da, Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da Azal\u0131rken\u2026\u201d, s. 16, 20.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [45]<\/a> Dilek G\u00fcven<\/strong>, \u201c6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131\u201d, \u0130stanbul Tarih Vakf\u0131, 2005, s. 39.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [46]<\/a> a.y., s. 35, 36.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [47]<\/a> Yelda, <\/strong>\u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019da, Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da Azal\u0131rken\u2026\u201d, s. 21.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [48]<\/a> Dilek G\u00fcven<\/strong>, \u201c6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131\u201d, \u0130stanbul Tarih Vakf\u0131, 2005, s. 41, 42.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [49]<\/a> a.y., s. 43.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n

    [50]<\/a> a.y., s. 35, 36.<\/em><\/p>\n

    [51]<\/a> <\/em>Yahya Ko\u00e7o\u011flu<\/strong>, \u201cHat\u0131rl\u0131yorum, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Gayrim\u00fcslim Hayatlar\u0131\u201d, \u0130stanbul, 2003, s. 115-116.<\/em><\/p>\n

    * Dilek G\u00fcven, Almanya\u2019ya yerle\u015fmi\u015f bir T\u00fcrk ailenin 1969 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fmu\u015f \u00e7ocu\u011fudur. G\u00fcven, Bohum (Bochum) \u015fehrinin Rur (Ruhr) \u00dcniversitesi Tarih Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019ni bitirmi\u015ftir. \u00dcniversite, 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cCumhuriyet D\u00f6nemi Az\u0131nl\u0131k Politikalar\u0131 ve Stratejileri I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 Alt\u0131nda 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 doktora tezini Almanca olarak yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcven, bu ciddi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak amac\u0131yla farkl\u0131 ar\u015fivlerde geni\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve 60 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131klar\u0131yla yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 r\u00f6portaj yaparak haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitap, 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl olaylar\u0131n\u0131n ellinci y\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fcnasebetiyle T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilip \u201c6-7 Eyl\u00fcl Olaylar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

    http:\/\/ermeni.hayem.org\/ermenice\/trqatsnelu_qaghaqakanutyune.htm<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

    T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi: Diran Lokmag\u00f6zyan <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

    Akunq.net <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Armen K\u00fcrkciyan Ermenilerin k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan, Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan k\u0131rk y\u0131l sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir c\u00fcr\u00fcm daha ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u0130stanbul halk\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk bas\u0131n mensuplar\u0131 haricinde, IMF ve World Bank\u2019\u0131n 8 Eyl\u00fcl toplant\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelmi\u015f olan yabanc\u0131 haber ajanslar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm temsilcileri de bu c\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn \u015fahitleri oldu. 6 Eyl\u00fcl 1955 ak\u015fam\u0131, iyi organize edilmi\u015f bir g\u00fcruh \u0130stanbul\u2019un farkl\u0131 mahallelerinde ayn\u0131 anda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,14,37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gunumuzde-bati-ermenileri","category-haberler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrklerin, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme siyaseti - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/01\/10\/turklerin-turkiyeyi-turklestirme-siyaseti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00fcrklerin, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme siyaseti - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Armen K\u00fcrkciyan Ermenilerin k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131ndan, Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan k\u0131rk y\u0131l sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir c\u00fcr\u00fcm daha ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u0130stanbul halk\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk bas\u0131n mensuplar\u0131 haricinde, IMF ve World Bank\u2019\u0131n 8 Eyl\u00fcl toplant\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelmi\u015f olan yabanc\u0131 haber ajanslar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm temsilcileri de bu c\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn \u015fahitleri oldu. 6 Eyl\u00fcl 1955 ak\u015fam\u0131, iyi organize edilmi\u015f bir g\u00fcruh \u0130stanbul\u2019un farkl\u0131 mahallelerinde ayn\u0131 anda […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/01\/10\/turklerin-turkiyeyi-turklestirme-siyaseti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-01-10T07:06:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"kalem\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"kalem\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"45 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/01\/10\/turklerin-turkiyeyi-turklestirme-siyaseti\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2012\/01\/10\/turklerin-turkiyeyi-turklestirme-siyaseti\/\",\"name\":\"T\u00fcrklerin, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme siyaseti - 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