{"id":10482,"date":"2011-12-11T01:18:17","date_gmt":"2011-12-11T06:18:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=10482"},"modified":"2011-12-11T01:18:17","modified_gmt":"2011-12-11T06:18:17","slug":"verjine-svazlian-ermeni-soykirimi-soykirimdan-kurtulan-gorgu-taniklarinin-hatiralari-28-28","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/12\/11\/verjine-svazlian-ermeni-soykirimi-soykirimdan-kurtulan-gorgu-taniklarinin-hatiralari-28-28\/","title":{"rendered":"VERJINE SVAZLIAN. Ermeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131: Soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan Kurtulan G\u00f6rg\u00fc Tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Hat\u0131ralar\u0131, 28 (28)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>28 (28)<\/p>\n

A\u011eAS\u0130 GAREG\u0130N KANKANYAN’IN ANLATTIKLARI<\/p>\n

1904<\/p>\n

VAN DO\u011eUMLU<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ben g\u00fczel Vaspurakan’\u0131n e\u015fsiz g\u00fczellikteki Van \u015eehri’nde do\u011fdum. Babam oyma ustas\u0131-zanaatk\u00e2rd\u0131. Yetene\u011fiyle \u00fcn salm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sipari\u015f veren ki\u015fiyi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na oturtup g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kutu \u00fczerine onun resmini yapabilirdi. Annem, Van Sandukhtyan-Maryamyan Ortaokulu’nda \u00f6\u011fretmendi. Van’\u0131n ilk bayan \u00f6\u011fretmenlerindendi. Onun \u00f6\u011frencileri aras\u0131nda Silva Kaputikyan’\u0131n annesi Jajan Liya ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131 da bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n

Biz Van’da namusumuzla ve yarat\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak huzur i\u00e7inde ya\u015f\u0131yorduk. Yaln\u0131z T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan katledilme tehlikesi tepemizde bir Demokles K\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 gibi as\u0131l\u0131 duruyordu.O t\u00fcr katliamlar d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla Bat\u0131 Ermenistan’\u0131n farkl\u0131 yerlerinde tekrarlan\u0131yordu. Dedemin ve day\u0131m\u0131n kurban gitti\u011fi o tip katliamlar\u0131n 1894-96 y\u0131llar\u0131* aras\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir. Onlar Van’\u0131n Aziz Hakob Kilisesi’nin bulundu\u011fu mahallede ya\u015farlarm\u0131\u015f; mahallenin bir taraf\u0131nda Ermeniler, di\u011fer taraf\u0131nda ise T\u00fcrkler ya\u015farm\u0131\u015f. Katliam ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda o mahallenin erkekleri Aziz Hakob Kilisesi’ne s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015flar. Yabanc\u0131 sekiz konsolosun arac\u0131l\u0131k yapaca\u011f\u0131 ve katliam\u0131n sona erece\u011fi umuduyla kap\u0131y\u0131 s\u0131ms\u0131k\u0131 kapatm\u0131\u015flar. Ama T\u00fcrkler kiliseyi ate\u015fe vermeyi denemi\u015fler. Kiliseye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan Ermeniler kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p h\u0131zla ka\u00e7may\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar. Kiliseden ka\u00e7anlar aras\u0131nda benim 43 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki dedem Kha\u00e7atur \u0130\u015fkhanyan ile 17 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki day\u0131m da varm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fckannem day\u0131m\u0131n ka\u00e7mas\u0131na izin vermemi\u015f. Kom\u015fular\u0131 T\u00fcrk Mahmut A\u011fa ona: “Sara Hatun, o\u011flunu ver kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar ge\u00e7ene kadar saklayay\u0131m” demi\u015f. Ama b\u00fcy\u00fckannem ona g\u00fcvenmemi\u015f. O\u011fluna k\u0131z elbisesi giydirmi\u015f. O\u011flan ko\u015farak Ermenilerin \u00e7o\u011funlukta oldu\u011fu mahalleye varmak i\u00e7in ko\u015fmu\u015f. Onun a\u00e7\u0131k bir alandan ge\u00e7mesi gerekiyormu\u015f. O alanda, kendisini tan\u0131yan T\u00fcrk pi\u00e7lerine rastlam\u0131\u015f; onu \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler. B\u00fcy\u00fckannem arkas\u0131ndan yeti\u015fmi\u015f; yaral\u0131 o\u011flunu kucaklam\u0131\u015f. Kan b\u00fcy\u00fckannemin \u00f6nl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131yormu\u015f. B\u00fcy\u00fckannem \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcden akl\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f; kanl\u0131 \u00f6nl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerinden \u00e7\u0131karmamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Yere yatm\u0131\u015f ki kendisi de \u00f6ls\u00fcn. On iki ya\u015f\u0131ndaki k\u0131z\u0131, babas\u0131n\u0131 ve erkek karde\u015fini kaybettikten sonra ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ruhi sars\u0131nt\u0131 ge\u00e7irmi\u015f. Dili tutulmu\u015f. Dostlar\u0131 bir araya gelip \u00f6\u011f\u00fct vermi\u015fler: “Sara Hatun, akl\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na al; k\u0131z\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck; sana bir \u015fey olursa \u00f6ks\u00fcz kal\u0131r” demi\u015fler.<\/p>\n

Sara b\u00fcy\u00fckannem yava\u015f yava\u015f kendine gelmi\u015f; ama kanl\u0131, kararm\u0131\u015f \u00f6nl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fczerinden \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131yormu\u015f. Y\u0131llar ge\u00e7mi\u015f; 1902’de k\u0131z\u0131, yani annem, bir \u00f6ks\u00fczle, yani babamla evlenmi\u015f. Ertesi y\u0131l tornu Andranik do\u011fmu\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fckannem mucize eseri olarak iyile\u015fip kanl\u0131 \u00f6nl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tand\u0131r\u0131n i\u00e7ine atm\u0131\u015f. 1904’te ikinci tornu d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015f. B\u00fcy\u00fckannem ev i\u015fleriyle u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015f. O y\u0131llarda annem okulu bitirmi\u015f; yetenekli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ona Sandukhtyan-Maryamyan okulunda din ve dil \u00f6\u011fretmeni olarak g\u00f6rev vermi\u015fler. \u0130ki k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu do\u011furmu\u015f; aile b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f. Bizim iyi bir ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131; mali durumumuz iyiydi. Annem ve babam iyi para kazan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Van’da harika bir ba\u011f\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131; o ba\u011f\u0131 bug\u00fcne kadar \u00f6zlerim. Menek\u015felerin, lalelerin nerde bitti\u011fini hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. Yeni in\u015fa etti\u011fimiz evimizde oturman\u0131n keyfini ise \u00e7\u0131karamad\u0131k…<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte buydu ailemiz. Sava\u015f zaman\u0131nda, Vaspurakan muharebesinden sonra Rus ordusunun Van’a do\u011fru ilerledi\u011fi ve T\u00fcrkler Van’\u0131 i\u015fgal etmek istedikleri i\u00e7in Ruslar\u0131n Van’\u0131 tekrar alaca\u011f\u0131 haberi yay\u0131ld\u0131<\/p>\n

Rus ordusu sava\u015fmak istemiyordu; Ermenilerin ise g\u00fcc\u00fc yoktu. Van’\u0131 terk edip Rus topra\u011f\u0131 olan I\u011fd\u0131r’a gitmek gerekiyordu. Pani\u011fe kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halk g\u00f6\u00e7 haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131. G\u00f6\u00e7, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyu kendi \u00f6z \u015fehrinde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f bir millet i\u00e7in korkun\u00e7 bir olayd\u0131r. Ailemiz de haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapt\u0131. Annemin \u00f6nderli\u011finde on g\u00fcnl\u00fck yayan yolculu\u011fa dayanabilmek i\u00e7in neleri yan\u0131m\u0131za alaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131za karar verdik.<\/p>\n

Kendi evimizi 13 Temmuz 1915 g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 11’de terk ettik. Evden \u00e7\u0131kmadan evvel annem aile fertlerini toplad\u0131; a\u011flayarak herkesi \u00f6pt\u00fc ve : “zor ve bilinemeyen bir yola gidiyoruz; bize ne olacak, belli de\u011fil. Sizin i\u00e7in as\u0131l sorun karga\u015fada baban\u0131z\u0131, annenizi kaybetmemeniz” dedi.<\/p>\n

Evden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k. Kap\u0131y\u0131 kapatmad\u0131k; sanki ta\u015fla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, hissiz olmu\u015ftuk. Ana cadde Kha\u00e7po\u011fan’a do\u011fru hareket ettik. Evlerden s\u00fcrekli yeni aileler \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p birle\u015fiyorlard\u0131. Kortej b\u00fcy\u00fcyor ve ilerliyordu. I\u011fd\u0131r’a varana kadar ya\u011fmurun, g\u00fcne\u015fin alt\u0131nda, \u00e7amurlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde, yar\u0131 a\u00e7 ve susuz on g\u00fcnl\u00fck yol katettik. Yolda K\u00fcrtler s\u0131k s\u0131k \u00fczerimize sald\u0131r\u0131yor, insanlar\u0131 katlediyor ve soyuyorlard\u0131. Bu olaylar \u00f6zellikle y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmalar\u0131n oldu\u011fu Bandimahu K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc yak\u0131n\u0131nda cereyan etti. T\u00fcrklerin eline ge\u00e7memek i\u00e7in nice anneler \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 kucaklayarak o k\u00f6pr\u00fcden suya atlad\u0131. Yolda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclenleri ve \u00f6lenleri yol kenar\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131yorlard\u0131; \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u00fcstlerini toprakla \u00f6rtm\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Ben g\u00f6m\u00fclmemi\u015f ceset g\u00f6rmekten o kadar etkilendim ki, y\u00fcre\u011fime bir h\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc ve bu durum bug\u00fcne kadar da s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Doya doya sevinemiyorum. Mahallemizin en sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fu olmama, kar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde yal\u0131nayak ko\u015fup hastalanmama ra\u011fmen, g\u00f6\u00e7ten sonra o k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 yanakl\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun rengi att\u0131, soldu, \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc ve konu\u015fmaz oldu. Annem babam\u0131 beni doktora g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeye zorlad\u0131. Biz art\u0131k Yerevan’dayd\u0131k. Babam doktora vermek \u00fczere iki ayda iki alt\u0131n biriktirdi ve beni, faytonla ve bir elinde bastonla dola\u015fan doktor Aram Ter Grigoryan’a g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Doktor beni muayene etti ve dedi ki: “O\u011flan\u0131n hi\u00e7bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yok.”<\/p>\n

– Peki niye hi\u00e7 konu\u015fmuyor; \u00e7ok zay\u0131flad\u0131; rengi soldu.<\/p>\n

– Nerelisiniz?<\/p>\n

– Vanl\u0131 muhaciriz.<\/p>\n

– O\u011flan g\u00f6\u00e7 yolunda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc onca \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc olay nedeniyle melankolik olmu\u015f. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn bir sonucu. \u00dcz\u00fcc\u00fc olaylar onun \u00fczerinde etki yapm\u0131\u015f. Zamanla ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n

Bu psikolojik bir sorundu.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla biz g\u00f6\u00e7 yolumuza devam ettik. Ak\u015fam Lezk (Aralezk) K\u00f6y\u00fc’ne vard\u0131k. Nerde dursak, ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yere koyup uyuyorduk. Babam, annem ninem s\u0131rayla ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda n\u00f6bet tutuyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sabah Ararat’a do\u011fru yolumuza devam ettik. Yolda s\u0131k s\u0131k K\u00fcrtler sald\u0131r\u0131yor, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor ve elimizdekileri gasp ediyorlard\u0131. Mesela okul arkada\u015f\u0131m Semerciyan’\u0131n ebeveynini yolda bo\u011fazlad\u0131lar ve o k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk \u00f6ks\u00fcz kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bayaz\u0131t yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7tik. Annem vakit bulup bize: “Bu Raffi’nin** tasvir etti\u011fi Bayaz\u0131t \u015fehridir” dedi. \u015eehirde tek bir a\u011fa\u00e7 bile yoktu; evlerin kap\u0131 ve pencerelerini yerlerinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p yakacak olarak kullanmak \u00fczere g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdi. Ararat’\u0131n \u00f6b\u00fcr taraf\u0131ndaki Aba\u011fa Ovas\u0131 yoluyla, \u00c7\u0131ld\u0131r da\u011f ge\u00e7idinden Ararat Ovas\u0131’na ge\u00e7tik. On birinci g\u00fcn I\u011fd\u0131r’a vard\u0131k ve bir dostumuzun evinde konaklad\u0131k; o evin odalar\u0131 bizden \u00f6nce gelenler taraf\u0131ndan tutulmu\u015ftu. Bize balkonda bir yer tahsis ettiler. Bana \u00fczerinde uyuyaca\u011f\u0131m bir o\u011flak postu verdiler. Bu \u015fekilde zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f, h\u0131rpalanm\u0131\u015f, eziyet \u00e7ekmi\u015f aile Yerevan’a ula\u015fmay\u0131 denedi. Ama talihsizli\u011fimizden, Ruslar Markara K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fc kapatm\u0131\u015f, muhacirlerin i\u00e7eri girmesine izin vermiyorlard\u0131. I\u011fd\u0131r civar\u0131nda ise tif\u00fcs ve kolera salg\u0131n\u0131 vard\u0131. Annem : “Bir \u00e7are bul da, daha uzaklara gidelim” diyerek babam\u0131n yakas\u0131na yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Babam, bir lira \u00f6dememiz ko\u015fuluyla bizi Markara K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc’nden ge\u00e7irip Yerevan’a ula\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 kabul eden bir arabac\u0131 buldu. O bug\u00fcn\u00fcn paras\u0131yla 100 dolar eder. Hemen hemen hi\u00e7bir e\u015fyas\u0131 olmayan ailemiz arabaya bindi. K\u00f6pr\u00fcye varmadan evvel arabac\u0131 atlar\u0131 kam\u00e7\u0131lad\u0131 ve “Khabarda!” diye ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Rus n\u00f6bet\u00e7iler \u00fcrkm\u00fc\u015f atlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcp deh\u015fete kap\u0131ld\u0131lar ve ka\u00e7t\u0131lar. Biz araban\u0131n i\u00e7inde g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyorduk. Araban\u0131n i\u00e7inde kimse yokmu\u015f gibi \u00fcst\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc bir bezle kaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Arabac\u0131 bizi g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp eski Zangu K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fcn \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7irdi; Apte\u00e7kaya Ulitsa’ya kadar getirdi. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Devlet Bankas\u0131’n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerde muhacir kamplar\u0131 vard\u0131. Ve biz Haziran sonunda arabadan inip g\u00fcne\u015fin alt\u0131nda topra\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne oturduk; hi\u00e7bir \u015feyimiz yoktu.<\/p>\n

Ailemiz 8 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fuyordu; bize oda vermediler. Babam T\u00fcrk mahallesinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir oda tuttu; oda kiras\u0131 olarak da bir lira verdi. Cebinde sadece bir lira kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7eltik saplar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde yat\u0131yorduk. Annem 98 y\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fckannem dizanteriye yakalan\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fc. Ailemiz m\u00fccadele etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Hayat zordu. Yerevan’da ise salg\u0131n vard\u0131. Arabalar gelip korna \u00e7al\u0131yor ve cesetleri toplay\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor, \u015fimdiki Komitas Park\u0131’ndaki bir kuyuya at\u0131yorlard\u0131. Orda bir Ermeni kilisesi de vard\u0131. Sardar Kalesi vard\u0131. O bah\u00e7elerin hepsi \u0130ranl\u0131lara aitti. \u015eimdi Yerevan’da \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131n mescidini yeniden in\u015fa ediyorlar.<\/p>\n

On ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131m. Babam i\u015f\u00e7i pazar\u0131nda emek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sat\u0131yordu. Ben de su, t\u00fct\u00fcn sat\u0131yordum. Ak\u015fam muhacirlerin gitti\u011fi bir okula ko\u015fuyordum. \u00d6\u011frenimimi yar\u0131da b\u0131rakmad\u0131m. Yerevan Devlet \u00dcniversitesi’ni bitirdim. Almanya’da \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f hocalardan ders ald\u0131m. Ben de \u00fcniversitede hoca, kimya profes\u00f6r\u00fc oldum.<\/p>\n

Pedagoji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nde psikoloji hocas\u0131 olan Gayane Hovsepyan’la evlendim. On \u00fc\u00e7 kitap yazd\u0131m; bunlardan alt\u0131s\u0131 yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Benim yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m analitik kimya kitab\u0131 bug\u00fcne kadar \u00f6\u011frenciler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

* Sultan Abd\u00fclhamit’in 1894-1896’da d\u00fczenledi\u011fi Ermeni katliamlar\u0131.
\n** Raffi (Hakob Melik-Hakobyan) (1835, Salmast – 1888, Tiflis) : Yazar, hatip ve toplum adam\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>http:\/\/ermeni.hayem.org\/turkce\/vkayutyun.php?tp=ea&lng=tr&nmb=28<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

Her Cumartesi ve Pazar g\u00fcnleri devam\u0131 var.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

28 (28) A\u011eAS\u0130 GAREG\u0130N KANKANYAN’IN ANLATTIKLARI 1904 VAN DO\u011eUMLU \u00a0 \u00a0 Ben g\u00fczel Vaspurakan’\u0131n e\u015fsiz g\u00fczellikteki Van \u015eehri’nde do\u011fdum. Babam oyma ustas\u0131-zanaatk\u00e2rd\u0131. Yetene\u011fiyle \u00fcn salm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sipari\u015f veren ki\u015fiyi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na oturtup g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kutu \u00fczerine onun resmini yapabilirdi. Annem, Van Sandukhtyan-Maryamyan Ortaokulu’nda \u00f6\u011fretmendi. Van’\u0131n ilk bayan \u00f6\u011fretmenlerindendi. Onun \u00f6\u011frencileri aras\u0131nda Silva Kaputikyan’\u0131n annesi Jajan Liya ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10483,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,14,22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ermeni-soykirimi","category-haberler","category-kitaplar-elestiriler"],"yoast_head":"\nVERJINE SVAZLIAN. 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