{"id":10388,"date":"2011-12-02T03:35:05","date_gmt":"2011-12-02T08:35:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=10388"},"modified":"2011-12-02T03:35:05","modified_gmt":"2011-12-02T08:35:05","slug":"osmanli-ordusunda-ermeniler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/12\/02\/osmanli-ordusunda-ermeniler\/","title":{"rendered":"Osmanl\u0131 ordusunda Ermeniler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rag\u0131p ZARAKOLU <\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Resmi T\u00fcrk tarih tezine g\u00f6re 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m de\u011fil, 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u201cErmeni ihaneti\u201d nedeniyle al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 olay\u0131.<\/p>\n

Cihan Harbi\u2019ne girme konusunda, \u0130ttihat Terakki Darbe H\u00fck\u00fcmeti son derece istekli idi. B\u00f6ylece Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndaki utan\u00e7 verici yenilgiyi unutturacaklar\u0131n\u0131, Alman emperyalizminin deste\u011fi ile bir Turan imparatorlu\u011funu kuracaklar\u0131n\u0131 hayal ediyorlard\u0131. Bunun i\u00e7in ise, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir engel olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Ayr\u0131ca sava\u015fa kat\u0131larak Ermeni Reformu\u2019nu ask\u0131ya alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 biliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sosyalist partiler Avrupa\u2019da patriyotizm\/yurtseverlik ad\u0131na, d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7arak emek\u00e7i kitlelerin birbirini katletmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar. O d\u00f6nemde sadece Rosa Luxemburg, Liebknect, Lenin gibi isimler Enternasyonalist gelene\u011fe sahip \u00e7\u0131karak, sava\u015fa \u2018hay\u0131r\u2019 dediler. Ama \u00e7ok az\u0131nl\u0131kta idiler. Bu d\u00f6nemde Lenin, Zinoniev ile birlikte kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131na \u201cAk\u0131nt\u0131ya Kar\u015f\u0131\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verecekti.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

Modernizmin etkisi<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019da sosyal demokrat partilerdeki patriot e\u011filim etkisini, II. Enternasyonal \u00fcyesi Ermeni Devrimci Federasyonu (Ta\u015fnaklar) aras\u0131nda da kendini g\u00f6sterdi ve genel kabul g\u00f6ren, her \u00fclkede yurtta\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6revinin yerine getirmesi ilkesi benimsendi. Alman ve Frans\u0131z i\u015f\u00e7ileri, yurtta\u015f olarak nas\u0131l kendi \u00fclkelerinin ordular\u0131nda askerlik g\u00f6revini kabul edip, birbirine kur\u015fun s\u0131kacaksa, Osmanl\u0131 ve Rus imparatorlu\u011fu yurtta\u015flar\u0131 da, asli g\u00f6revlerini yerine getireceklerdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc modernizm bunu gerektiriyordu.<\/p>\n

\u2018Yurtta\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6revini ifa edin!\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

En dramatik durumda olanlar ise, Osmanl\u0131 ve Rus imparatorlu\u011funun Ermeni k\u00f6kenli yurtta\u015flar\u0131 idi. Erzurum\u2019da 1914 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcnde toplanan EDF (Ermeni Devrimci Federasyonu) Genel Kongresi\u2019nde, Bat\u0131\u2019daki II. Enternasyonal partileri gibi, gerek Bat\u0131 ve gerekse Do\u011fu Ermenistan\u2019daki Ermenilerin kendi devletlerine kar\u015f\u0131 vecibesini yerine getirmesi karar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.Bu bir anlamda, Ermenilerin iki cephede birbirine kur\u015fun s\u0131kmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu.<\/p>\n

Hem \u0130stanbul, hem Petrograd Ermenilere otonomi s\u00f6z\u00fc veriyordu, yeter ki kendi h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklans\u0131nlar. Bir \u0130ttihat F\u0131rkas\u0131 heyeti, bu \u00f6neriyi bizzat Erzurum\u2019da toplanan EDF Kongresi\u2019ne g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ama kongre bu \u00f6neriyi benimsemedi. Anayasal sistem i\u00e7inde yurtta\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirecek, ama kar\u015f\u0131 cephede kullan\u0131lmay\u0131 kabul etmeyeceklerdi.<\/p>\n

Seferberlik ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda EDF\u2019nin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cyurtta\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6revini ifa edin\u201d karar\u0131 sonucu, Ermeni yurtta\u015flar vecibelerini yerine getirdiler. Ama bu, erkek n\u00fcfusun ordu saflar\u0131nda, sivil n\u00fcfusun ise ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerde katledilmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131.
\nBu karar\u0131 nedeniyle EDF, ayn\u0131 zamanda 1908 devrimi sonras\u0131 \u0130TF ile kurdu\u011fu siyasal ittifak nedeniyle \u00e7ok ele\u015ftirilecekti.
\nY\u00fcz y\u0131llarca orduda asker ya da subay olamayan Ermeniler, askerlik hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra askeri okullara heyecanla ba\u015fvuracaklar\u0131 gibi, 31 Mart olaylar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u201cg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc\u201d asker olacaklard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130talyan diplomatik ar\u015fivler<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tarih\u00e7i Anahit Astoyan, yeni yay\u0131nlanan ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye de \u00e7evrilen \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Ordusunda Ermeniler\u201d adl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda bu konuya ili\u015fkin hayli ilgin\u00e7 bilgiler vermekte.<\/p>\n

Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmada yer alan \u0130talyan diplomatik ar\u015fiv belgelerine g\u00f6re, Cihan Harbi \u00f6ncesi Seferberlik ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u201cErmeniler \u00fclkenin farkl\u0131 vilayetlerinde kendi imkanlar\u0131 ile K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7 b\u00fcrolar\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015flarda bulunarak T\u00fcrk (Osmanl\u0131) ordusunun maddi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 temin etme i\u015fine katk\u0131da bulunmuslard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ordunun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in Ermenilere ait i\u015fyerlerine, hastanelere, de\u011firmenlere, kiliselere, manast\u0131rlara da el kondu. Bu i\u015flem kitlesel gasplara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ermeni evlerinden \u00f6zellikle askeri ihtiya\u00e7lara uygun olanlar, savunma olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayacaklar hatta Ermenileri yok etmeye yarayacaklar gasp edildi.<\/p>\n

Tekilif-i Harbiye ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda Ermenilerin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mal\u0131na el konmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Herhangi bir memur, istedi\u011fi en kaliteli mala ve genellikle de kendi evi i\u00e7in el koyabilirdi. Hi\u00e7bir Ermeni buna kar\u015f\u0131 koyamazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Hangi s\u0131n\u0131ftan olursa olsun, istisnas\u0131z b\u00fct\u00fcn Ermeniler mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neticilere teslim etmeye mecburdu. Atlar, e\u015fekler, kat\u0131rlar ve \u00f6k\u00fczler de mallar\u0131 nakletmek bahanesiyle ellerinden al\u0131n\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Erkekler, hatta \u00e7o\u011fu zaman kad\u0131nlar dahi beygir olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Ermeniler<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermeni askerlerin gayretleri konusuna, Alman misyoner Doktor Yohannes Lepsius tan\u0131kl\u0131k ediyor. \u201cT\u00fcrk tan\u0131klara g\u00f6re, Osmanl\u0131 ordusunda bulunan Ermeni askerler Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda \u00f6rnek davran\u0131\u015f sergilemi\u015f ve cesurca sava\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu sava\u015f\u0131n ilk aylar\u0131nda onlar y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbeli askerler taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6vg\u00fclere lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fcler. \u0130stanbul\u2019da Askeri Okula yedek subay olarak kaydolmak i\u00e7in T\u00fcrklerden \u00e7ok Ermeniler m\u00fcracaat ettiler. O askeri e\u011fitimlere 1500\u2019den fazla Ermeni kaydolmu\u015ftu, \u00f6zellikle de e\u011fitimli ve orta halli \u00e7evrelerden. Onlar posta, telgraf ve benzeri i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak istemiyorlar, asker olmak istiyorlard\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ermeniler Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u0131 olarak Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda sadece asker olmakla yetinmeyip Osmanl\u0131 ordusuna d\u00fczenli yard\u0131m etmi\u015flerdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na destek sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla kurulan \u201cMilli Savunma Toplulu\u011fu\u201dnun Pangalt\u0131 \u015eubesi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Dikran Allahverdi idi. Dikran Bey Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Osmanl\u0131 ordusu yarar\u0131na 30.000 Osmanl\u0131 alt\u0131n\u0131 toplamay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O vesile ile hakk\u0131nda bas\u0131nda yaz\u0131lar dahi \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131 fakat ayn\u0131 Dikran Allahverdi 24 Nisan 1915\u2019te tutuklanan ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler listesine al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019dan Ermenilere \u00f6vg\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermeni askerlerin gayretli \u00e7abalar\u0131 ilk ba\u015flarda \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131nda \u00f6vg\u00fc ile kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Bu konuda Alman misyoner Doktor Yohannes Lepsius, bak\u0131n neler bildiriyor: \u201cHarbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Enver Pa\u015fa \u015fubat ay\u0131nda Kafkas cephesinden \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 m\u00fccadelede Ermeni alay\u0131n\u0131n sergiledi\u011fi \u00f6rnek davran\u0131\u015f ve cesaretten dolay\u0131 Ermeni Patri\u011fi\u2019ne \u00f6zel memnuniyetini belirtti. \u00d6zellikle \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir eylemi anlatt\u0131. Ohannes \u00c7avu\u015f ad\u0131nda bir Ermeni, adamlar\u0131yla Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n kurmay\u0131n\u0131 kriz durumundan kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ohannes \u00c7avu\u015f\u2019a hemen madalya verildi. Enver Pa\u015fa Erzincan\u2019dan ge\u00e7erken Ermeni piskoposlar yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak selamlad\u0131lar kendisini ve o da sevgi dolu bir \u015fekilde cevap verdi onlara. Konya Ermeni cemaati ad\u0131na iyi dileklerini yollayan cemaat liderine Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n cevab\u0131n\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan almanca \u201cOsmanisher LLoyd\u201d gazetesinin 26 Ocak 1915 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131ndan aktar\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

\u201cKonya ziyaretimin \u00e7ok k\u0131sa olmas\u0131 nedeniyle sizinle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fczg\u00fcn\u00fcm. \u015e\u00fckran duygular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ifade etti\u011finiz yaz\u0131y\u0131 ald\u0131m. Bu vesile ile ben de size te\u015fekk\u00fcr etmek istiyorum. Diyorlar ki, Osmanl\u0131 ordusunun Ermeni askerleri sava\u015f meydan\u0131nda askeri vazifelerini vicdanl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131yorlar ve ben kendim de g\u00f6r\u00fcp tan\u0131k oldum. Sizden ricam, Osmanl\u0131 ordusu i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 fedakarl\u0131ktan dolay\u0131 Ermeni halk\u0131na memnuniyetimi ve \u015f\u00fckran duygular\u0131m\u0131 iletin.<\/p>\n

Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131, \u0130mparatorluk Ordusu Ba\u015fkomutan Vekili Enver.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ermeni askerler silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7ok say\u0131da Ermeni, Rum ve Yahudi subay\u0131n ve askerin gerek Allahuekber Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n so\u011fu\u011funda, gerek Arap \u00e7\u00f6llerinde, gerekse \u00c7anakkale\u2019de \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc biliyoruz. Ama onlar\u0131n adlar\u0131 \u201c\u015eehit liste\u201d ve an\u0131tlar\u0131nda yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi onbinlerce Ermeni asker silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131larak, amele taburlar\u0131nda k\u00f6le i\u015f\u00e7i olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131 ve katledildi.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde az\u0131nl\u0131klar asla askeri okullara kabul edilmedi\u011fi gibi yedek subayl\u0131k hakk\u0131 da ancak 1950 sonras\u0131 uygulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu konuda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Rifat Bali\u2019nin pe\u015fpe\u015fe yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cYirmi Kur\u2019a Nafia Askerleri\u201d ve \u201cGayrim\u00fcslim Mehmet\u00e7ikler: Hat\u0131ralar – Tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u201d adl\u0131 kitaplar\u0131 ile ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lan tabu konulardan birini ba\u015far\u0131 ile otopsi masas\u0131na yat\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

60 darbesine kadar, T\u00fcrk ordusunda K\u00fcrt k\u00f6kenli subaylar da yer alabildi. Bunlardan suikast sonucu \u00f6len E\u015fref Bitlis\u2019i anabiliriz.<\/p>\n

Ama \u00f6zellikle 1980 sonras\u0131 askeri okullar K\u00fcrt k\u00f6kenlilere iyice kapand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yurt savunmas\u0131nda can\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f, gayrim\u00fcslimlerin an\u0131s\u0131na sayg\u0131yla…<\/p>\n

Reform s\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7suz a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n yarat\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermeni sorunu, Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan miras kalan sorunlar\u0131 siyasal ve adil bi\u00e7imde \u201c\u00e7\u00f6zmek\u201d yerine onlar\u0131 \u201c\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctme\u201d y\u00f6nteminin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. Yeni moda deyimle ifade edecek olursak, bu zihniyetin de\u011fi\u015fmemesi nedeniyle, ne \u201cTanzimat\u201d, ne \u201cIslahat\u201d ne de \u201cMe\u015frutiyet A\u00e7\u0131mlar\u0131\u201d bir sonu\u00e7 vermi\u015ftir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlarda, niyet gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik ger\u00e7ek ve kal\u0131c\u0131 ortak bir program olu\u015fturmaktan \u00e7ok, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fckte devam ve \u201cdevletin bekas\u0131\u201d i\u00e7in zaman kazanmakt\u0131r. \u201cIslahat\u201dtan anla\u015f\u0131lan ise, payla\u015f\u0131mdan \u00e7ok, egemenli\u011fin monolitik tarzda devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in, ana paradigmada asla de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmadan, \u00f6zellikle devlet cephesinden gerekli d\u00fczenlemelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Se\u00e7imlerde ortak listeler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131n siyasi \u00f6nderleri ve \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, yar\u0131m kalm\u0131\u015f bir demokratik devrim giri\u015fimi olan 1908 Devrimi\u2019nden sonra, iradelerini T\u00fcrkler ve di\u011fer halklarla \u201cbirlikte ya\u015fama\u201d temeli \u00fczerinde olu\u015fturdular. Osmanl\u0131 partileri ile siyasal ittifaklar kurdular, se\u00e7imlere ortak listeler ile kat\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Ermeni ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 asl\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n 1908 Devrimi sonras\u0131, T\u00fcrk Ocaklar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131 ulusla\u015fma yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131na dost\u00e7a bakacaklard\u0131. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u00fcrtler gibi onlar da, Anayasal d\u00fczende \u201ckurucu unsur\u201d olduklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fczisyen Gomidas, T\u00fcrk Oca\u011f\u0131\u2019nda konferanslar vererek, ulusal kimlik aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131na, m\u00fczik alan\u0131nda destek sunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o da bir\u00e7ok Ermeni ayd\u0131n\u0131 gibi ayr\u0131 kimliklerin birlikte var olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. U\u011fursuz 1914 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar…<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f, asayi\u015f ve \u00f6z-savunma<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

Asayi\u015fsizlik durumu, Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019da ise Ermeniler ve K\u00fcrtler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli idi. 93 Harbi\u2019nden sonra ve 1890\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n Hamidiye k\u0131y\u0131mlar\u0131 sonucunda bir\u00e7ok Ermeni k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fc topraklar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015fti. O d\u00f6nemin korucular\u0131 olan Hamidiye Alaylar\u0131, bunlar\u0131n d\u00f6nmesine izin vermedi\u011fi gibi, Ermeni k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc taciz etmekte devam ediyordu. Ermeni partileri ise o zaman \u201cfedai\u201d denen, bir \u00e7e\u015fit \u00f6z-savunma i\u015flevini g\u00f6ren gerilla g\u00fc\u00e7lerini da\u011fdan indirmi\u015f ve anayasal sistemin legal bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmi\u015flerdi. Hepsi legal parti olarak, a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6rg\u00fctlerdi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ITF\u2019nin \u201cimha\u201d siyasetine y\u00f6neldi\u011fi kesinle\u015fti\u011finde, Van d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, direni\u015f i\u00e7in \u00e7ok az olanak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Ermenilerin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019nun 6 vilayetinde Makedonya\u2019dakine benzer bir reform program\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatmay\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck devletlerin \u00f6zellikle de Almanya ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 ile kabul etmi\u015fti.\u00a0 \u00a0Bu Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in art\u0131k Anadolu\u2019nun da elden gitti\u011fi pani\u011fini yaratacakt\u0131. \u00d6te yandan Balkanlar\u2019dan gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131na da bir yer a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle korkun\u00e7 bir ekonomik kriz ya\u015fanmaktayd\u0131, devlet ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan iflas etmi\u015fti. Modernle\u015ferek g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck Osmanl\u0131 ordusu ise, yeni olu\u015fmu\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Balkan devletleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131 da \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtan utan\u00e7 verici bir yenilgiye u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Halklar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m umutlar\u0131 t\u00fckenince<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en sad\u0131k tebalar\u0131ndan olan Arnavutlar\u0131n, 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ITF\u2019nin \u201cs\u00f6zde a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131ndan\u201d umudu kesmeleri ve aralar\u0131ndaki din ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 (M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Ortodoks ve Katolik) ilk defa kald\u0131rarak birlikte ayaklanmalar\u0131, irili ufakl\u0131 Balkan devletlerine, g\u00fc\u00e7lerini birle\u015ftirme ve birlikte atak yapma cesareti vermi\u015fti. (Balkanlar\u2019daki s\u00fcre\u00e7 ve Arnavut ulusla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bak: Aram Andonyan, \u201cBalkan Sava\u015f\u0131\u201d, \u00c7ev. Zaven Biberyan, Aras Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1999).<\/p>\n

Arnavutlar\u2019dan sonra Araplar da, ulusal taleplerini y\u00fcksek bir bi\u00e7imde dile getirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. K\u00fcrtler ise, h\u00e2l\u00e2 hilafete sadakatle ba\u011fl\u0131 olmakla birlikte K\u00fcrt ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da, batan imparatorlukta kendi geleceklerini \u00e7izme yoluna girdiler.\u00a0 Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc (\u015eeyh Abdulkadir) imparatorluktan yana, ki devlet \u00e7\u00f6kerse kendilerine i\u015f kalmayacakt\u0131, bir di\u011fer grup ise (\u015eerif Pa\u015fa, Mevlanzade) ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 bir \u00e7izgiyi izlediler. \u00a0Ancak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 \u00e7izgi gerek birinciler, gerekse \u0130ttihat ve Kemalistler taraf\u0131ndan etkisizle\u015ftirildi. Arap ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da ITF\u2019ye olan g\u00fcven dibe vurmu\u015ftu. Onlar da h\u0131zla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 bir \u00e7izgiye y\u00f6neleceklerdi. Bu Arap ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 ise, imparatorluk batarsa Suriye\u2019de kendi hanedan\u0131n\u0131 kurmay\u0131 hayal eden Cemal Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan Beyrut\u2019un bug\u00fcn \u201c\u015eehitler Alan\u0131\u201d diye bilinen meydan\u0131nda salk\u0131m sa\u00e7ak salland\u0131r\u0131lacaklard\u0131. Cemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Ermeniler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki g\u00f6rece \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 tavr\u0131 ise, kurmay\u0131 hayal etti\u011fi yeni devlette, bu halk\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131 yetene\u011finden ve gen havuzundan yararlanmak i\u00e7indi.<\/p>\n

Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n iflas\u0131<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar, yenilgi durumunda bile, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n art\u0131k kurulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyorlard\u0131. Fiziki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yok edilen bir halk nas\u0131l devlet kurabilirdi ki? Onlara g\u00f6re \u201cHayali Ermenistan\u201d topra\u011fa g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kemalistlerin de 1929\u2019da A\u011fr\u0131\u2019da hayali K\u00fcrdistan\u2019\u0131, topra\u011fa g\u00f6md\u00fcklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeleri gibi.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 imzalanan Sevr Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir K\u00fcrdistan yan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n da olu\u015fumunu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Ama halk\u0131 olmayan hayali bir devlet nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulabilirdi ki? Zaten Sevr Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n en ba\u015ftan iflas etmesinin as\u0131l nedeni de buydu.Soyk\u0131r\u0131m ayn\u0131 zamanda, y\u00fckseltilmesi istenen ulusal burjuvazi ad\u0131na bir m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ameliyesi idi. M\u00fclkiyetin zorla el de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi sonucu, bask\u0131c\u0131 sisteme ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 yeni bir burjuva tabakas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fi desteklendi. Madem \u201cT\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrklerin\u201d olacakt\u0131, az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 tasfiye s\u00fcreci sonuna kadar devam ettirilmeli idi! K\u00fcrtlere bi\u00e7ilen kaftan ise, \u201cbeyaz soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u201d idi, yani asimilasyon ve \u201cdil-k\u0131r\u0131m\u201d (linguacide) politikalar\u0131n\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi. Asl\u0131nda bunun ba\u015far\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Talat Pa\u015fa ile \u201cErmeni A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u201dn\u0131n Ermeni toplumu ad\u0131na tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapan Erzurum Milletvekili Past\u0131rmac\u0131yan (Armen Garo), an\u0131lar\u0131nda, Talat Pa\u015fa ile olan tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 vermektedir. Garo, Ermeni halk\u0131n\u0131 tasfiye etmeye kararl\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Araplarla federasyon kurmak istediklerini, K\u00fcrtleri ise asimile etmeyi planlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, ama bunun olanaks\u0131z oldu\u011funu belirtir. (Bak: Armen Garo\u2019nun An\u0131lar\u0131, \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Bankas\u0131.\u201d T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi: Attila Tuygan, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 2009)
\nK\u00fcrt sorununun g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Garo\u2019nun \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frulad\u0131.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.ozgur-gundem.com\/?haberID=23604&haberBaslik=Osmanl%C4%B1%20ordusunda%20Ermeniler&action=haber_detay&module=nuce<\/em><\/strong><\/a> <\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rag\u0131p ZARAKOLU Resmi T\u00fcrk tarih tezine g\u00f6re 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m de\u011fil, 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u201cErmeni ihaneti\u201d nedeniyle al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 olay\u0131. Cihan Harbi\u2019ne girme konusunda, \u0130ttihat Terakki Darbe H\u00fck\u00fcmeti son derece istekli idi. B\u00f6ylece Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndaki utan\u00e7 verici yenilgiyi unutturacaklar\u0131n\u0131, Alman emperyalizminin deste\u011fi ile bir Turan imparatorlu\u011funu kuracaklar\u0131n\u0131 hayal ediyorlard\u0131. Bunun […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":10390,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10388","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler"],"yoast_head":"\nOsmanl\u0131 ordusunda Ermeniler - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/12\/02\/osmanli-ordusunda-ermeniler\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Osmanl\u0131 ordusunda Ermeniler - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rag\u0131p ZARAKOLU Resmi T\u00fcrk tarih tezine g\u00f6re 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m de\u011fil, 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u201cErmeni ihaneti\u201d nedeniyle al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 olay\u0131. Cihan Harbi\u2019ne girme konusunda, \u0130ttihat Terakki Darbe H\u00fck\u00fcmeti son derece istekli idi. B\u00f6ylece Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndaki utan\u00e7 verici yenilgiyi unutturacaklar\u0131n\u0131, Alman emperyalizminin deste\u011fi ile bir Turan imparatorlu\u011funu kuracaklar\u0131n\u0131 hayal ediyorlard\u0131. 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D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u201cErmeni ihaneti\u201d nedeniyle al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 olay\u0131. Cihan Harbi\u2019ne girme konusunda, \u0130ttihat Terakki Darbe H\u00fck\u00fcmeti son derece istekli idi. B\u00f6ylece Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndaki utan\u00e7 verici yenilgiyi unutturacaklar\u0131n\u0131, Alman emperyalizminin deste\u011fi ile bir Turan imparatorlu\u011funu kuracaklar\u0131n\u0131 hayal ediyorlard\u0131. Bunun […]","og_url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/12\/02\/osmanli-ordusunda-ermeniler\/","og_site_name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","article_published_time":"2011-12-02T08:35:05+00:00","author":"kalem","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"kalem","Est. reading time":"12 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/12\/02\/osmanli-ordusunda-ermeniler\/","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/12\/02\/osmanli-ordusunda-ermeniler\/","name":"Osmanl\u0131 ordusunda Ermeniler - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/12\/02\/osmanli-ordusunda-ermeniler\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/12\/02\/osmanli-ordusunda-ermeniler\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2011\/12\/Ragip-Zarakolu.jpg","datePublished":"2011-12-02T08:35:05+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#\/schema\/person\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/12\/02\/osmanli-ordusunda-ermeniler\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/12\/02\/osmanli-ordusunda-ermeniler\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/12\/02\/osmanli-ordusunda-ermeniler\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2011\/12\/Ragip-Zarakolu.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2011\/12\/Ragip-Zarakolu.jpg","width":200,"height":232},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/2011\/12\/02\/osmanli-ordusunda-ermeniler\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Osmanl\u0131 ordusunda Ermeniler"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#website","url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/","name":"Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#\/schema\/person\/135e7923d1aeb8887890799619969a6c","name":"kalem","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a06875e4b25feb5674296adf8e8a7ae1e587cebce2493fe63c456109967e27d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a06875e4b25feb5674296adf8e8a7ae1e587cebce2493fe63c456109967e27d3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"kalem"},"url":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/author\/kalem\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10388","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10388"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10388\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10390"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10388"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10388"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10388"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}