{"id":87868,"date":"2026-11-11T06:02:04","date_gmt":"2026-11-11T11:02:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=87868"},"modified":"2026-11-11T06:02:05","modified_gmt":"2026-11-11T11:02:05","slug":"kristallnachtin-golgesinde-turkiye-1938-sonbaharinda-devlet-akli-ve-azinlik-politikalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=87868","title":{"rendered":"Kristallnacht\u2019\u0131n G\u00f6lgesinde T\u00fcrkiye: 1938 Sonbahar\u0131nda Devlet Akl\u0131 ve Az\u0131nl\u0131k Politikalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

TU\u011eBA YAVUZ<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1938 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonbahar\u0131, hem Avrupa tarihi hem de T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurumsal haf\u0131zas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan belki de en kritik d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndan birine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015fti. Almanya\u2019da 9-10 Kas\u0131m 1938 gecesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve Nazi rejiminin Yahudi toplumuna y\u00f6nelik sistemli \u015fiddetinin kitlesel bir boyut kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cKristal Gece\u201d (Kristallnacht), Holokost\u2019a giden ta\u015flar\u0131 d\u00f6\u015ferken ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde T\u00fcrkiye, bir yandan Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fan hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan gelen vefat\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 derin siyasi atmosferle y\u00fczle\u015fiyor, di\u011fer yandan da yakla\u015fan ikinci bir d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ayak seslerini s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda hissediyordu.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

9-10 Kas\u0131m 1938\u2019deki Yahudi pogromunu tetikledi\u011fi \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen suikast, 7 Kas\u0131m\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Ernst Eduard vom Rath adl\u0131 bir Alman diplomat, Herschel Grynszpan adl\u0131 Yahudi bir gen\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan Paris\u2019te be\u015f el ate\u015f edilerek yaraland\u0131. Vom Rath, bizzat Adolf Hitler\u2019in doktoru taraf\u0131ndan ameliyata al\u0131nd\u0131. 8 Kas\u0131m\u2019da gerilim bir kademe daha y\u00fckseldi; ertesi g\u00fcn ise Alman Haber B\u00fcrosu, vom Rath\u2019\u0131n \u00f6lmesinin beklendi\u011fini duyurdu. Gazeteci Ruth Andreas-Friedrich\u2019in g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne not d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, o sabah Berlin\u2019de \u201cf\u0131rt\u0131na \u00f6ncesindekine benzer, bunalt\u0131c\u0131 bir kayg\u0131\u201d h\u00e2kimdi. \u0130\u015fe giderken u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00f6revden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir meslekta\u015f\u0131 olan Heinrich M\u00fchsam\u2019a vom Rath\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcp \u00f6lmeyece\u011fini sordu\u011funda, M\u00fchsam \u015fu yan\u0131t\u0131 verdi: \u201cElbette \u00f6lecek. Aksi takdirde t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n bir anlam\u0131 kalmazd\u0131\u2026 Siyasi olaylar\u0131n genellikle her \u015fey en ince ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na kadar haz\u0131rland\u0131ktan sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini bilmiyor musun?\u201d<\/strong>[1]<\/sup> Vom Rath ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaralar sonucu 9 Kas\u0131m g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 16.30 sular\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011finde, devlet ve parti y\u00f6netiminin neredeyse tamam\u0131 \u00e7oktan M\u00fcnih\u2019te toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Adolf Hitler ve propaganda bakan\u0131 Joseph Goebbels\u2019in emriyle f\u0131rt\u0131na birliklerinin Almanya ve Avusturya\u2019n\u0131n her yerinde binden fazla sinagogu yak\u0131p Yahudilere ait 7.500 kadar d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131 yerle bir etti\u011fi ve tarihe \u201cKristallnacht\u201d, \u201cKristal Gece\u201d, \u201cK\u0131r\u0131k Camlar Gecesi\u201d olarak ge\u00e7en 9 Kas\u0131m 1938\u2019deki pogroma ili\u015fkin pek \u00e7ok tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve belgeyi bug\u00fcn \u00e7ok say\u0131da kaynaktan elde etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak bu yaz\u0131, Almanya\u2019da t\u00fcm bunlar olurken o s\u0131rada T\u00fcrkiye bas\u0131n\u0131na yans\u0131yan haberleri merak etti\u011fim k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n sonunda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m ba\u015fka t\u00fcr belgelere yer veriyor. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivine yans\u0131yan bu birka\u00e7 belgeye bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Berlin\u2019de sinagoglar\u0131n yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Yahudilere ait i\u015fletmelerin ya\u011fmaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 geceye giden ve onu takip eden s\u00fcre\u00e7te, Yahudilere ili\u015fkin Ankara ve g\u00fcvenlik b\u00fcrokrasisinin g\u00fcndemini \u015fekillendiren temel dinamiklerin d\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenlik tehditleri, vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hukuku, devletin imaj\u0131 ve idari denetim mekanizmalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kurulan hassas denge oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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28 Ekim 1938 tarihli Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporu. Kaynak: T.C. Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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28 Ekim 1938 tarihli Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporu. Kaynak: T.C. Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Elimdeki ilk belge, 28 Ekim (Te\u015frin-i Evvel) 1938\u2019e ait. Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mare\u015fal Fevzi \u00c7akmak imzas\u0131yla Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6nderilen raporda; Ege b\u00f6lgesinde (\u00f6zellikle Milas, Bodrum, Fethiye, vb.) ya\u015fayan 15 binden fazla Yahudi\u2019nin ekonomik h\u00e2kimiyet kurdu\u011fu ve \u00f6zellikle \u0130talya olmak \u00fczere yabanc\u0131 devletlerle zararl\u0131 ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015f. Bu ki\u015filerin ailelerini Rodos\u2019ta tuttu\u011fu, askerliklerini \u0130talyan ordusunda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u0131k s\u0131k adalara gidip gelerek \u0130talya\u2019ya asker\u00ee, siyasi ve ekonomik istihbarat s\u0131zd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f. \u0130liya, Bensiyon Amato, Bohor ve Hayim Benhas isimli ki\u015filer casusluk ve T\u00fcrk aleyhtarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile su\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f. Ayr\u0131ca bu faaliyetlerin \u00c7anakkale, Trakya ve \u0130stanbul\u2019da da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, alt\u0131n\/d\u00f6viz ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve askerden adam ka\u00e7\u0131rma gibi su\u00e7lar i\u015flendi\u011fi vurgulanarak b\u00f6lgedeki \u201ct\u00fcm\u201d Yahudilerin i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelere nakledilmesi talep edilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2 Kas\u0131m 1938 tarihli Ba\u015fvekalet Hususi Kalem M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na cevab\u0131. Kaynak: T.C. Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2 Kas\u0131m (Te\u015frin-i Sani) 1938 tarihli Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Hususi Kalemine ait belgede ise, Genelkurmay\u2019\u0131n Yahudilerin i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelere nakledilmesi teklifi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f ancak bu ad\u0131m\u0131n at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, d\u0131\u015far\u0131da Yahudilere y\u00f6nelik genel uygulamalara (ku\u015fkusuz Nazi Almanyas\u0131 ve Fa\u015fist \u0130talya politikalar\u0131na) \u00f6zenildi\u011fi izlenimi yarataca\u011f\u0131 ve siyasi sak\u0131ncalar do\u011furabilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f. Ayr\u0131ca y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki kanunlar\u0131n az\u0131nl\u0131klara tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, toptan bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn veya nakil i\u015flemine yasal mevzuat\u0131n imk\u00e2n vermedi\u011fi<\/em> ifade edilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2 Aral\u0131k 1938 tarihli Dahiliye Vekaleti Emniyet Umum M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaz\u0131s\u0131. Kaynak: T.C. Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bununla birlikte, Ba\u015fvekalet Yaz\u0131 \u0130\u015fleri Dairesi M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan 28 Ekim 1938\u2019de al\u0131nan s\u00f6z konusu belgeyi 8 Kas\u0131m\u2019da Dahiliye Vekilli\u011fine de sunmu\u015f. Bunun \u00fczerine, neredeyse bir ay sonra, yani 2 Aral\u0131k 1938 tarihinde Dahiliye Vekaleti Emniyet Umum M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de d\u00f6nemin Dahiliye Vekili Dr. Refik Saydam\u2019\u0131n imzas\u0131yla, Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaz\u0131s\u0131na benzer bir yan\u0131t vermi\u015f. Genelkurmay\u2019\u0131n Ege\u2019deki Yahudilerin i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelere nakledilmesi teklifi \u00fczerine, \u00fclke genelinde Yahudilere kar\u015f\u0131 geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 bir harekete ge\u00e7ilmesinin \u015fimdilik<\/em> uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi ancak yaz\u0131da ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en \u015f\u00fcpheli \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n durumlar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n takibe al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve elde edilecek delillere g\u00f6re gerekli yasal ve idari tedbirlerin al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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5 Aral\u0131k 1938 tarihli Dahiliye Vekaleti Emniyet Umum M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaz\u0131s\u0131. Kaynak: T.C. Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te yandan, bu cevaptan sadece \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra, yani 5 Aral\u0131k 1938\u2019de Dahiliye Vekaleti, \u00fclkede yabanc\u0131 uzman \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma prosed\u00fcrlerinde bir d\u00fczenlemeye gitmi\u015f. Bakanl\u0131klar ve kamu kurumlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak yabanc\u0131 uzmanlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmeden veya i\u015fe ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce; nerede, ne kadar s\u00fcreyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra uyruklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6keninin ve \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n (\u00f6zellikle de Yahudi olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n) \u00e7ok net bir \u015fekilde bildirilmesi zorunlulu\u011fu getirilmi\u015f. Bu d\u00fczenlemenin, b\u00fcrokratik i\u015flemleri h\u0131zland\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla genelge olarak yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131 talep edilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk belgeye geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mare\u015fal Fevzi \u00c7akmak imzas\u0131yla Ekim 1938\u2019de Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa sunulan rapor, devletin asker\u00ee kanad\u0131n\u0131n Ege b\u00f6lgesindeki az\u0131nl\u0131k n\u00fcfusuna yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 net bir bi\u00e7imde sergiliyor. Ancak, tablonun d\u0131\u015f politika ve i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenlik analizlerinde mant\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 zorlayan bir tezat bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 da g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7mamal\u0131. Zira bir yanda Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan 15 binden fazla Yahudi\u2019nin \u201c\u0130talyan ordusunda askerlik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ailelerini Rodos\u2019ta tuttu\u011fu ve \u0130talya lehine casusluk y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d iddias\u0131yla Ege\u2019den topyek\u00fbn s\u00fcr\u00fclmesini talep eden bir Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 varken; di\u011fer yanda ise bu talepten sadece bir bu\u00e7uk ay \u00f6nce \u0130stanbul Beyo\u011flu\u2019da k\u00fcrs\u00fcye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Roma\u2019dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 emirle \u201cYahudi d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 uygulamakla m\u00fckellef oldu\u011funu\u201d ilan eden bir \u0130talyan Sefiri var\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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16 Eyl\u00fcl 1938 tarihli Dahiliye Vekaleti Emniyet Umum M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaz\u0131s\u0131. Kaynak: T.C. Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivinde yer alan 16 Eyl\u00fcl 1938 tarihli belge g\u00f6steriyor ki, 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1938\u2019de Beyo\u011flu\u2019daki Roma Kul\u00fcb\u00fc salonunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen merasimde \u0130talyan Sefiri De Pepo, \u201cRoma\u2019dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 emre istinaden Yahudi aleyhtarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tatb\u0131ka (uygulamaya) mecbur oldu\u011fundan ve \u0130talyan siyasetine nazaran T\u00fcrk-\u0130talyan yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n l\u00fczumundan\u201d bahsetmi\u015f. Dahiliye Vekili Refik Saydam da bu hususta incelemelerin devam etti\u011fini bildirmi\u015f. \u0130talya diplomasisinin \u00e7eli\u015fkili tutumu ve Mussolini\u2019nin \u201cge\u00e7 gelen antisemitizmi\u201d diyebilece\u011fimiz bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, \u00f6rne\u011fin 1930-1938 aras\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015fimdilik bir kenarda dursun. Ancak, meseleye T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha derin bir ele\u015ftirel sorgulama zorunlulu\u011fu do\u011fuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fevzi \u00c7akmak\u2019\u0131n raporunda Ege\u2019deki Yahudilerin \u0130talyanlar ad\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131 son derece kesin ve toptanc\u0131 bir dille ifade edilmi\u015fti. Oysa tam da \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n Yahudi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devlet politikas\u0131 h\u00e2line getirdi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde, yani Benito Mussolini\u2019nin Nazi Almanyas\u0131na yakla\u015fma arzusuyla kabul etti\u011fi 1938 Irk Kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n (bkz. Leggi Razziali) ard\u0131ndan, Ege\u2019deki Yahudilerin kendilerini vatanda\u015fl\u0131ktan atan ve d\u00fc\u015fman ilan eden bir fa\u015fist rejim lehine motive bir \u015fekilde casusluk yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsaymak, d\u00f6nemin ruhuyla ba\u011fda\u015fmayan ciddi bir mant\u0131k s\u0131\u00e7ramas\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. D\u00f6nemin \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 meseleyi bireysel su\u00e7lar ve somut istihbarat verileri \u00fczerinden \u00e7\u00f6zmekten yana bir tav\u0131r al\u0131rken asker\u00ee b\u00fcrokrasi ise t\u00fcm bir etno-dinsel toplulu\u011fu \u201cpotansiyel hain\u201d ilan ederek toptanc\u0131 ve kolektif bir cezaland\u0131rma refleksine kay\u0131yor. Bana \u00f6yle geliyor ki, siyasette \u201culusal g\u00fcvenlik\u201d alg\u0131s\u0131 her zamanki gibi her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mant\u0131ksal sorgulaman\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc o d\u00f6nemde de \u00f6rtm\u00fc\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bununla birlikte, asker\u00ee b\u00fcrokrasinin bu talebine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k toptan bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn karar\u0131 reddedilmi\u015f olsa da, 1938 T\u00fcrkiyesinin rejiminin tamamen pasif bir duru\u015f sergiledi\u011fi izlenimine kap\u0131lmak da yanl\u0131\u015f olur. Zira Kristallnacht<\/em>\u2019\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan, Aral\u0131k 1938 ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konmak istenen d\u00fczenlemeler, devletin kamusal alandaki denetim arzusunu art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Kamu kurumlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak yabanc\u0131 uzmanlar\u0131n \u00f6zellikle Yahudi olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bildirilmesi talebi, b\u00fcrokrasinin istihdam ve uzman politikalar\u0131nda etno-dinsel kategorizasyonlar\u0131 bir s\u00fczge\u00e7 olarak kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki, Ankara\u2019da olup biten t\u00fcm bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n toplumsal tabandaki yans\u0131malar\u0131 neler olmu\u015f olabilir? \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Nazi Almanyas\u0131 ve Fa\u015fist \u0130talya\u2019da Yahudi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yasalarla kurumsalla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve Kristallnacht<\/em> ile kitlesel \u015fiddete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f aleni bir s\u00fcre\u00e7ti ama genel Holokost tarihine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, felaketin e\u015fikteki boyutlar\u0131na dair Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131nda derin bir g\u00f6rmezden gelme, duyars\u0131zla\u015fma ve ink\u00e2r atmosferi egemendi. Oysa, i\u015fin garip taraf\u0131, bu k\u00fcresel iklimin bizzat \u0130stanbul sokaklar\u0131nda bile bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yine Dahiliye Vekaleti Emniyet Umum M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan 8 Aral\u0131k 1938 tarihli bir belgede \u015fu ifadeler ge\u00e7iyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019da Balat\u2019ta Vodina Caddesi\u2019nde 177 say\u0131l\u0131 foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131 sahibi 16 ya\u015flar\u0131nda Avram ad\u0131ndaki Yahudi \u00e7ocu\u011funun bayram m\u00fcnasebetiyle d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcslemedi\u011fini g\u00f6ren S\u00fcreyya Pa\u015fa Fabrikas\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i \u00d6mer ad\u0131nda birinin \u201cNi\u00e7in d\u00fckk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcslemedin? Avrupa\u2019dan Yahudiler kovuldu\u011fu h\u00e2lde siz burada rahat\u00e7a ya\u015f\u0131yorsunuz\u201d demesi \u00fczerine Avram\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011fe dil uzatarak hakarette bulundu\u011fu iddia edilerek, evrak\u0131yla birlikte Adliye\u2019ye teslim edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/
8 Aral\u0131k 1938 tarihli Dahiliye Vekaleti Emniyet Umum M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaz\u0131s\u0131. Kaynak: T.C. Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Cumhuriyet Ar\u015fivi<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131radan bir vatanda\u015f\u0131n diline kadar d\u00fc\u015fen bu ifade (\u201cAvrupa\u2019dan Yahudiler kovuldu\u011fu h\u00e2lde siz burada rahat\u00e7a ya\u015f\u0131yorsunuz\u201d), Avrupa\u2019da Yahudilerin maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerin art\u0131k bir s\u0131r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, aksine geni\u015f kitleler taraf\u0131ndan normatif bir \u201cger\u00e7eklik\u201d olarak kan\u0131ksand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermez mi? Avrupal\u0131 toplumlar\u0131n ve uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyunun g\u00f6zleri \u00f6n\u00fcnde cereyan eden bu a\u00e7\u0131k hadisenin faillerce me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, tan\u0131klarca seyredilmesi ve uluslararas\u0131 siyasette g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmesi, Holokost\u2019a giden yoldaki kitlesel ink\u00e2r ve kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha 1938\u2019in sonunda ne denli kat\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n somut bir kan\u0131t\u0131 de\u011fil midir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise 1938 Sonbahar ve K\u0131\u015f\u0131na ait devlet belgelerinde ge\u00e7en \u201c\u015fimdilik muvaf\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmemektedir\u201d ifadesi, ilk bak\u0131\u015fta sivil b\u00fcrokrasinin bir basireti veya koruma kalkan\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin toplumsal ve siyasal tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir durumun vahametini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Zira T\u00fcrkiye, Nazi Almanyas\u0131n\u0131n Kristallnacht<\/em> ile ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 o kitlesel ya\u011fma, tahrip ve az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirerek s\u00fcrg\u00fcne zorlama prati\u011fine hi\u00e7 de yabanc\u0131 bir co\u011frafya de\u011fildi; nitekim 9-10 Kas\u0131m 1938\u2019in \u00e7ok benzer bir provas\u0131, 1934 Trakya Pogromu ile zaten bu topraklarda ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve binlerce Yahudi \u015fiddet tehdidiyle yerinden edilmi\u015fti. 1938\u2019de \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Genelkurmay\u2019dan gelen nakil teklifini reddederken kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u015fimdilik\u201d \u015ferhi, ilkeli bir vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hukukundan ziyade, 1934\u2019\u00fcn yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 imaj kayb\u0131n\u0131n hen\u00fcz taze olmas\u0131ndan, Hatay meselesi ve yakla\u015fan sava\u015f \u00f6ncesinde Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019de yaln\u0131z kalmama kayg\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011fan konjonkt\u00fcrel bir ertelemeydi. Nitekim zaman de\u011fi\u015fip konjonkt\u00fcr elverdi\u011finde, 1934\u2019ten 1938\u2019e uzanan o zihniyet kodlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcrokratik ayg\u0131tta hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclecekti: \u00d6nce 1942 Varl\u0131k Vergisi ile gayrim\u00fcslimlerin iktisadi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tasfiye edilecek, ard\u0131ndan 6-7 Eyl\u00fcl 1955 ile Trakya ve Kristallnacht<\/em>\u2018\u0131n neredeyse birebir kopyas\u0131 bir pogrom bu kez Rumlar, Ermeniler ve Yahudiler \u00fczerinde yeniden sahneye konacakt\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 1938 sonbahar\u0131ndaki bu duraksama, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131-homojenle\u015ftirici politikalar\u0131n bir reddi de\u011fil; zaman\u0131 ve zemini geldi\u011finde tekrar devreye sokulmak \u00fczere rafa kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f taktiksel bir \u201cbekleme\u201d h\u00e2linden ibaretti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] Bkz. Uta Gerhardt ve Thomas Karlauf (der.), The Night of Broken Glass: Eyewitness Accounts of Kristallnacht, \u00e7ev. Robert Simmons ve Nick Somers, Cambridge, Polity Press, 2012.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.avlaremoz.com\/kristallnachtin-golgesinde-turkiye-1938-sonbaharinda-devlet-akli-ve-azinlik-politikalari-tugba-yavuz<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TU\u011eBA YAVUZ 1938 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonbahar\u0131, hem Avrupa tarihi hem de T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurumsal haf\u0131zas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan belki de en kritik d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndan birine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015fti. Almanya\u2019da 9-10 Kas\u0131m 1938 gecesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve Nazi rejiminin Yahudi toplumuna y\u00f6nelik sistemli \u015fiddetinin kitlesel bir boyut kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cKristal Gece\u201d (Kristallnacht), Holokost\u2019a giden ta\u015flar\u0131 d\u00f6\u015ferken ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde T\u00fcrkiye, bir yandan Mustafa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":87869,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,20,53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari","category-turkiyede-azinliklar"],"yoast_head":"\nKristallnacht\u2019\u0131n G\u00f6lgesinde T\u00fcrkiye: 1938 Sonbahar\u0131nda Devlet Akl\u0131 ve Az\u0131nl\u0131k Politikalar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=87868\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kristallnacht\u2019\u0131n G\u00f6lgesinde T\u00fcrkiye: 1938 Sonbahar\u0131nda Devlet Akl\u0131 ve Az\u0131nl\u0131k Politikalar\u0131 - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"TU\u011eBA YAVUZ 1938 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonbahar\u0131, hem Avrupa tarihi hem de T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurumsal haf\u0131zas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan belki de en kritik d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndan birine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015fti. 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