{"id":87779,"date":"2026-11-04T02:21:03","date_gmt":"2026-11-04T07:21:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=87779"},"modified":"2026-11-04T02:21:03","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T07:21:03","slug":"islam-dunyasina-kibleyi-gosteren-kayserili-ermeni-mucit-bedros-baronyan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=87779","title":{"rendered":"\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131na k\u0131bleyi g\u00f6steren Kayserili Ermeni mucit Bedros Baronyan"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Osmanl\u0131’ya ilk kez modern deniz astronomisini ve harita matemati\u011fini getiren Bedros Baronyan, bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan saray\u0131n emriyle, bilim tarih\u00e7ilerinin \u00fczerinde h\u00e2l\u00e2 tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 “rub-\u0131 \u015femsi” veya “rub-\u0131 m\u00fcstedir” (dairesel kadran) ad\u0131 verilen ezber bozucu bir alet imal etti. Baronyan\u2019\u0131n k\u0131blen\u00fcmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nemin en ileri teknolojik seviyesine ula\u015ft\u0131ran unsur, \u0130stanbul’un en mahir sanatkar\u0131 Ermeni bak\u0131r grav\u00fcr ustas\u0131 M\u0131g\u0131rd\u0131\u00e7 Galatavi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011fi sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan k\u0131bleyi g\u00f6steren pusula oldu.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ira Tzourou <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019un kalbinde, diplomasi ile bilim aras\u0131nda mekik dokuyan, Hollanda El\u00e7ili\u011fi\u2019nin terc\u00fcman\u0131 (dragoman) ve co\u011frafya dehas\u0131: Bedros Baronyan. Osmanl\u0131 saray\u0131ndaki resmi unvan\u0131yla B\u0101r\u016bn al-Mukhtari\u02bd, yani “Mucit Baron”. Onun 1738’de tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131blen\u00fcma, sadece namaz y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc hatas\u0131z bulan bir cihaz de\u011fil, Hac kervanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7\u00f6le dikilen ta\u015f\u0131nabilir bir mihrap ve Osmanl\u0131 esteti\u011finin zirvesi. T\u0131pk\u0131 iki as\u0131r sonra yine ayn\u0131 Kayseri co\u011frafyas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Amerika’da “Oscar Banker” ad\u0131yla 300’den fazla tescilli patente imza atan, otomatik vitesin ve kitlesel a\u015f\u0131 enjekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn mucidi Asadur Sarafyan gibi, Baronyan da bu topraklara has o kadim ve zamans\u0131z deha zincirinin en par\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131 halkalar\u0131ndan biri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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31 santimetre \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki ah\u015fap bir cihaz, Baronyan’\u0131n icad\u0131 kabe g\u00f6stericisi<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u0130stanbul Sultanahmet Meydan\u0131\u2019nda bulunan T\u00fcrk ve \u0130slam Eserleri M\u00fczesi\u2019nde 157 A-B envanter numaras\u0131yla sessizce sergilenen 31 santimetre \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki ah\u015fap bir cihaz, ezberleri bozan bir dehan\u0131n ve iki farkl\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n muazzam kesi\u015fiminin \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc anlat\u0131yor. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019unda ya\u015fayan, Hollanda El\u00e7ili\u011fi’nde ba\u015far\u0131yla g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f Kayseri as\u0131ll\u0131 Ermeni mucit Bedros Baronyan\u2019\u0131n Osmanl\u0131ca resmi unvan\u0131yla B\u0101r\u016bn al-Mukhtari\u02bd ellerinden \u00e7\u0131kan bu k\u0131blen\u00fcma, inan\u00e7 ile m\u00fchendisli\u011fin, Do\u011fu ile Bat\u0131 esteti\u011finin bir arada var olabilece\u011finin en somut kan\u0131t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El\u00e7ilik koridorlar\u0131ndan sadrazam\u0131n huzuruna<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Bedros Baronyan, d\u00f6nemin kozmopolit \u0130stanbul\u2019unda Hollanda ve \u0130ki Sicilya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 el\u00e7iliklerinde dragoman (ba\u015fterc\u00fcman) olarak g\u00f6rev yapan, devletin zirvesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck itibar g\u00f6ren bir saray entelekt\u00fceliydi. Dil bilimi kadar co\u011frafyaya da derin ilgi duyan Baronyan, \u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika\u2019n\u0131n 1732’deki \u00fcnl\u00fc Cihann\u00fcm\u00e2 bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131n\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan, neredeyse zamanla yar\u0131\u015farak y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m h\u0131z\u0131yla dev bir bilimsel hamleye giri\u015fti. Frans\u0131z co\u011frafyac\u0131 Jacques Robbe\u2019un Paris\u2019te bas\u0131lan eserini rekor s\u00fcrede Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine uyarlayan deha, bug\u00fcn Hollanda\u2019daki Leiden \u00dcniversitesi K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nde muhafaza edilen bu kapsaml\u0131 co\u011frafya kitab\u0131n\u0131 hemen ertesi y\u0131l, yani 1733’te Sadrazam Ali Pa\u015fa\u2019ya sunarak saraydan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihsan ald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baronyan\u2019\u0131n Cem-n\u00fcm\u00e2 f\u00ee Fenni’l-Co\u011frafya adl\u0131 bu \u00e7evirisi; Avrupa matemati\u011fi, fiziksel co\u011frafya ve deniz astronomisi alan\u0131nda o g\u00fcne kadar T\u00fcrk\u00e7e literat\u00fcrde hi\u00e7 bulunmayan yepyeni bilimsel bilgileri imparatorlu\u011fa ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131. Baronyan bu eserde sadece d\u00fcz bir terc\u00fcme yapmad\u0131, harita yap\u0131m\u0131 (kartografya) ve projeksiyon matemati\u011fi \u00fczerine teknik tart\u0131\u015fmalar ekledi. Hatta kitab\u0131n i\u00e7ine kendi \u00e7izdi\u011fi bir Akdeniz haritas\u0131 yerle\u015ftirerek, bu haritan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fini \u0130slam, Frans\u0131z ve \u0130talyan fersahlar\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc birimlerini) bir arada kullanarak hesaplad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131’ya ilk kez modern deniz astronomisini ve harita matemati\u011fini getiren Baronyan, bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan saray\u0131n emriyle, bilim tarih\u00e7ilerinin \u00fczerinde h\u00e2l\u00e2 tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 “rub-\u0131 \u015femsi” veya “rub-\u0131 m\u00fcstedir” (dairesel kadran) ad\u0131 verilen ezber bozucu bir alet imal etti. Geleneksel rubu tahtalar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak \u00fczerinde ekliptik (tutulum) izd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc de bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bu alet, G\u00fcne\u015f hareketlerinin incelenmesi ve hassas zaman \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri yapabilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu teknik dehas\u0131yla takdir kazanan mucit, Reis\u00fclk\u00fcttab Mustafa Efendi\u2019nin arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, 1738 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin Osmanl\u0131 Sadrazam\u0131 Ye\u011fen Mehmet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n huzuruna kabul edildi. Bir gayrim\u00fcslim mucidin \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcretti\u011fi eserin Osmanl\u0131 sadrazam\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bizzat kabul edilip taltif edilmesi, Baronyan\u2019\u0131n saray nezdindeki y\u00fcksek sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en net g\u00f6stergesiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baronyan ve M\u0131g\u0131rd\u0131\u00e7 Galatavi i\u015fbirli\u011fi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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Risale-i cem-n\u00fcm\u00e2 fi fenn el-co\u011frafya Baronyan<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Baronyan\u2019\u0131n k\u0131blen\u00fcmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nemin en ileri teknolojik seviyesine ula\u015ft\u0131ran unsur, \u0130stanbul’un en mahir sanatkarlar\u0131yla kurdu\u011fu ortakl\u0131kt\u0131. Bedros Baronyan, bu cihazlar\u0131n matbaa kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 ve bak\u0131r grav\u00fcrlerini haz\u0131rlarken, \u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika’n\u0131n bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc Cihann\u00fcma haritalar\u0131n\u0131 kaz\u0131yan d\u00f6nemin efsanevi Ermeni bak\u0131r grav\u00fcr ustas\u0131 M\u0131g\u0131rd\u0131\u00e7 Galatavi ile i\u015f birli\u011fi yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki Ermeni dehan\u0131n ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bas\u0131lan bu hassas kal\u0131plar, cihaz\u0131n g\u00f6vdesine yerle\u015ftirilen d\u00fcnya haritas\u0131 ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 \u015fehrin indeksiyle birle\u015fti. O d\u00f6nemde namaz y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc bulmak ileri d\u00fczey astronomi hesaplar\u0131 gerektirirken, Baronyan bu zorlu problemi tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131. Kullan\u0131c\u0131, bulundu\u011fu \u015fehrin numaras\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ip cihaza girdi\u011finde, pusula ibresi saniyeler i\u00e7inde Mekke’deki Kabe y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc hatas\u0131zca g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00f6l yollar\u0131nda “Ta\u015f\u0131nabilir Mihrap”<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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Venedik M\u00fczesi’ndeki “ta\u015f\u0131nabilir bir mihrap”.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cihaz\u0131n d\u00fcnya tarihine ge\u00e7en en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi, sadece bir pusula de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda “ta\u015f\u0131nabilir bir mihrap” olarak tasarlanmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Hac kervanlar\u0131yla \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fc ge\u00e7en yolcular i\u00e7in hayati olan bu fonksiyona g\u00f6re, pusula yard\u0131m\u0131yla k\u0131ble y\u00f6n\u00fc tayin edildikten sonra, cihaz\u0131n kapa\u011f\u0131 tamamen dik bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor ve cemaatin \u00f6n\u00fcne yerle\u015ftiriliyordu. Kapa\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7indeki Kabe resmi bir mihrap ni\u015fi kabul ediliyor ve arkadaki y\u00fczlerce ki\u015filik kervan cemaati \u00e7\u00f6lde saf tutup namaza durabiliyordu. Zorlu a\u00e7\u0131k hava \u015fartlar\u0131nda y\u0131prand\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu panel tipi k\u0131blen\u00fcmalardan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada yaln\u0131zca 12 \u00f6rnek gelebildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu nadide serinin, \u0130talya\u2019da Piazza San Marco\u2019da bulunan Venedik Museo Correr’de muhafaza edilen 1738 tarihli orijinal ilk \u00f6rne\u011fi, boyal\u0131 ah\u015fap \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7erisine gerilmi\u015f k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerine m\u00fcrekkep ve tempera (yumurtal\u0131 boya) i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fiyle \u00fcretilmi\u015f tam bir sanat harikas\u0131d\u0131r. Serinin di\u011fer nadide \u00f6rnekleri ise bug\u00fcn \u0130stanbul, Kahire, Dublin, Kud\u00fcs ve Stockholm gibi d\u00fcnya \u015fehirlerindeki en \u00f6nemli m\u00fcze ve k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerde korunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapaktaki cennet ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131daki T\u00fcrk rokokosu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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Pusulan\u0131n farkl\u0131 bir y\u00fcz\u00fc<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn Sultanahmet\u2019teki m\u00fczede sergilenen yuvarlak \u015faheser, d\u00f6nemin iki farkl\u0131 estetik d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerinde ta\u015f\u0131r. 1951 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zmir Hisar Camii\u2019nden getirilerek m\u00fczeye kazand\u0131r\u0131lan bu nadide eserin, geleneksel Edirnek\u00e2ri lake tekni\u011fiyle bezenen i\u00e7 kapa\u011f\u0131nda, Mescid-\u00fcl Haram, \u015ferefeli minareler ve Kabe tasvir edilir. Yanlar\u0131ndaki hurma ve nar a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 bereket ve \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc simgelerken alt\u0131n zemindeki gonca g\u00fcl demeti, Osmanl\u0131 sanat\u0131nda Hz. Muhammed\u2019i sembolize eden en zarif motiftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buna kar\u015f\u0131n cihaz\u0131n d\u0131\u015f kapa\u011f\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki Bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fma etkilerini yans\u0131t\u0131r. Alt\u0131n zemin \u00fczerine akantus yapraklar\u0131yla (halk aras\u0131nda “ay\u0131 pen\u00e7esi” olarak an\u0131l\u0131r) bezeli \u00e7i\u00e7ek vazolar\u0131 tam anlam\u0131yla bir T\u00fcrk Rokokosu \u015f\u00f6lenidir. Kapa\u011fa yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f 6 adet oval madalyonun i\u00e7inde ise d\u00f6nemin kas\u0131r ve konak duvarlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen fig\u00fcrs\u00fcz g\u00f6l ve k\u00f6y manzaralar\u0131, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir perspektif derinli\u011fiyle i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1738\u2019den g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan bu k\u0131blen\u00fcma, bilimin, sanat\u0131n ve inanc\u0131n ortak bir potada eriyebilece\u011fini kan\u0131tlamaya devam ediyor. Yolunuz Sultanahmet\u2019e d\u00fc\u015ferse, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak dehas\u0131n\u0131 ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc selamlayan bu zamans\u0131z pusulay\u0131 ziyaret etmeyi unutmay\u0131n. Ancak ne yaz\u0131k ki m\u00fcze vitrinindeki bilgi etiketinde bu b\u00fcy\u00fck dehan\u0131n ad\u0131na yer verilmiyor. \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n g\u0131ptayla and\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bedros Baronyan ismi, kendi evindeki bu sergide \u015fimdilik sessizli\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f halde bekliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/haber\/islam-dunyasina-kibleyi-gosteren-kayserili-ermeni-mucit-bedros-baronyan-42311<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Osmanl\u0131’ya ilk kez modern deniz astronomisini ve harita matemati\u011fini getiren Bedros Baronyan, bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan saray\u0131n emriyle, bilim tarih\u00e7ilerinin \u00fczerinde h\u00e2l\u00e2 tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 “rub-\u0131 \u015femsi” veya “rub-\u0131 m\u00fcstedir” (dairesel kadran) ad\u0131 verilen ezber bozucu bir alet imal etti. Baronyan\u2019\u0131n k\u0131blen\u00fcmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nemin en ileri teknolojik seviyesine ula\u015ft\u0131ran unsur, \u0130stanbul’un en mahir sanatkar\u0131 Ermeni bak\u0131r grav\u00fcr ustas\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":87780,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,70,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87779","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-makaleler","category-unluler"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131na k\u0131bleyi g\u00f6steren Kayserili Ermeni mucit Bedros Baronyan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=87779\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131na k\u0131bleyi g\u00f6steren Kayserili Ermeni mucit Bedros Baronyan - Bati Ermenistan Ve Bati Ermenileri Sorunlari Ara\u015ftirmalar Merkezi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Osmanl\u0131’ya ilk kez modern deniz astronomisini ve harita matemati\u011fini getiren Bedros Baronyan, bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan saray\u0131n emriyle, bilim tarih\u00e7ilerinin \u00fczerinde h\u00e2l\u00e2 tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 “rub-\u0131 \u015femsi” veya “rub-\u0131 m\u00fcstedir” (dairesel kadran) ad\u0131 verilen ezber bozucu bir alet imal etti. 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