{"id":87068,"date":"2026-08-27T04:38:43","date_gmt":"2026-08-27T09:38:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=87068"},"modified":"2026-08-27T04:38:44","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T09:38:44","slug":"yetimhanelerde-salgin-hastaliklarla-mucadele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=87068","title":{"rendered":"Yetimhanelerde salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klarla m\u00fccadele"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1920 y\u0131l\u0131na geldi\u011fimizde, May\u0131s ay\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan bir genelgede \u00e7ocuklardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kronik bula\u015f\u0131\u00e7\u0131 hastal\u0131klardan mustarip olmalar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in ciddi tehlike olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ve bu nedenle bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir yetimhanede toplay\u0131p tedavi etme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir giri\u015fim oldu\u011fu bilgisi verilir, yetimhanenin sorumlu doktorunun ivedilikle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ciddi bir muayeneden ge\u00e7irmesi ve kronik bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar\u0131n listesinin g\u00f6nderilmesi rica edilmektedir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karin \u015ee\u015fetyan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Vahram
Vahram Torkomyan.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fctareke d\u00f6nemi \u0130stanbulunda, sava\u015f sonras\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k riski olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir. Buna ek olarak yetimhanelerdeki yo\u011funluk ve zor \u015fartlar bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar aras\u0131nda h\u0131zla yay\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olur. Balat Yetimhanesi \u00f6zelinde bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ar\u015fiv belgelerinin \u00fc\u00e7te birine yak\u0131n k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n yetimlerin sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar ile ilgili oldu\u011funu okuyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Balat Yetimhanesi\u2019nin Ulusal Bak\u0131m ve Yard\u0131m Organizasyonu\u2019na ba\u011flanmas\u0131 ve yetim say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede 100\u2019\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ile hastal\u0131klar da kendini g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flar. Organizasyonun merkezi y\u00f6netimi, Doktor Gorigyan\u2019\u0131 Balat Yetimhanesi sorumlu doktoru olarak g\u00f6revlendirir. Ayr\u0131ca yetimhanede daimi olarak bir hem\u015fire de g\u00f6rev yapmaya ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. Hastal\u0131klar ile ilgili ilk belgeler Haziran 1919\u2019da uyuz hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakalanan 50 kadar yetimin Salmatomruk Surp Tateos-Parta\u011fomeos Okulu\u2019na nakledilerek tedavilerinin burada yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ilgili. Yetimler, Balat Yetimleri Himaye Heyeti\u2019nden Hulyane Rupinyan\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6zetiminde tedavi edilirler. Heyet ayn\u0131 zamanda ayda 400 kuru\u015f ile iki kal\u0131c\u0131 hem\u015fire g\u00f6revlendirilmesine karar verir. \u0130yile\u015fip geri d\u00f6nen \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n k\u0131yafet ve e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131n dezenfeksiyonuna b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilir.  2 Temmuz 1919\u2019da Salmatomruk\u2019ta \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131nda Surp Tateos-Parta\u011fomeos Okulu k\u00fcl olur ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n orada tedavi edilme s\u00fcreci sona erer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekim 1919 tarihli bir genelgede bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olmas\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle kirli ortamlarda yay\u0131lan uyuz ve benzeri hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yetimhanelerde yay\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle temizlik konusunda sert \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmas\u0131 uyar\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde Dr. Gorigyan da Balat y\u00f6netimine yetimhanede mevcut olan uyuz hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkilerinin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, ancak hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n sona ermedi\u011fi, bu nedenle yetimlerin k\u0131yafet, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r ve yatak tak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n dezenfekte edilmesi gerekti\u011fi konusunda bir mektup yazar. Sa\u00e7 derisi uyuzu da yetimlerin ayn\u0131 taraklar\u0131 kullan\u0131yor olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 yay\u0131lan bir hastal\u0131k olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda uyuz ve di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok hastal\u0131k ile ilgili olarak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n Surp P\u0131rgi\u00e7 Hastanesi\u2019ne g\u00f6nderildiklerini biliyoruz. Bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n tedavi masraflar\u0131 Balat Yetimhanesi b\u00fct\u00e7esinden kar\u015f\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/
Ermeni K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7\u0131’n\u0131n Prinkipo’daki (B\u00fcy\u00fckada) Tedavi Evi’nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bildiren yaz\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7i\u00e7ek, veba, kolera<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Kas\u0131m 1919\u2019da ise bu kez \u0130stanbul’da \u00e7i\u00e7ek, veba, kolera ve tif\u00fcs hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanmas\u0131 nedeniyle yetimhane y\u00f6netiminin gerekli t\u00fcm \u00f6nlemleri almas\u0131 ve yetimhane doktoru taraf\u0131ndan a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 talep edilir. Yetimlerin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn mertebe d\u0131\u015far\u0131 ile temasta bulunmamalar\u0131 istenir. Yetimhaneye ziyaretler de bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine yasaklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1920 y\u0131l\u0131na geldi\u011fimizde, May\u0131s ay\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan bir genelgede \u00e7ocuklardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kronik bula\u015f\u0131\u00e7\u0131 hastal\u0131klardan mustarip olmalar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in ciddi tehlike olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ve bu nedenle bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir yetimhanede toplay\u0131p tedavi etme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir giri\u015fim oldu\u011fu bilgisi verilir, yetimhanenin sorumlu doktorunun ivedilikle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ciddi bir muayeneden ge\u00e7irmesi ve kronik bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar\u0131n listesinin g\u00f6nderilmesi rica edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hask\u00f6y K\u0131zlar Trahom Hastanesi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Chlamydia trachomatis adl\u0131 bakterinin neden oldu\u011fu, g\u00f6z kapaklar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 y\u00fczeyini ve korneay\u0131 etkileyen bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 bir g\u00f6z enfeksiyonu olan Trahom, yetersiz hijyen ve kalabal\u0131k ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131nda h\u0131zla yay\u0131l\u0131p, tedavi edilmedi\u011finde kirpiklerin g\u00f6ze batmas\u0131na ve kal\u0131c\u0131 k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011fe yol a\u00e7abilmekteydi. Yetimhanelerde h\u0131zla yay\u0131lan hastal\u0131k s\u0131k\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131nda tutulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, tedavisi i\u00e7in Hask\u00f6y Yetimhanesi b\u00fcnyesinde ayr\u0131 bir tedavi evi a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Te\u015fhis konulan k\u0131zlar her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ki\u015fisel e\u015fyalar\u0131 ile buraya naklediliyor ve tedavileri tamamlanana kadar burada kal\u0131yorlard\u0131. Balat Yetimhanesi\u2019nden pek \u00e7ok yetim k\u0131z\u0131n da bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten ge\u00e7ti\u011fini okuyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ermeni K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7\u0131 nas\u0131l kuruldu?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sona erdi\u011fi g\u00fcnlerde \u0130stanbul Ermeni toplumunun \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden Dr. Vahram Torkomyan Ermeni K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn kurulmas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flar. \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri de \u0130stanbul\u2019a ak\u0131n etmekte olan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ma\u011fdurlar\u0131 ve yetimlerin sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 ile ilgilenmektir. Torkomyan\u2019\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131ndan okudu\u011fumuza g\u00f6re ilk temaslar\u0131n\u0131 1918 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelmi\u015f olan Uluslararas\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn temsilcisi Comte de Lapalisse ile yapar ve kendisinin de deste\u011fini alarak Ermeni K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurar ve ilk ba\u015fkan\u0131 olur. Mimar Bilge Ar, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda Ermeni K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn adresini Asmal\u0131 Mescit, No: 33 Pera olarak veriyor. Bu bina tahminen, 1914 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Levat Herald Gazetesi\u2019nin merkezi olmu\u015f olan ve bug\u00fcn Asmal\u0131 Mescit Apartman\u0131 olarak bilinen yerde. Ermeni K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019un pek \u00e7ok semtinde \u015fubeler ve \u015ei\u015fli\u2019de bir hastane a\u00e7ar. Balat Vakf\u0131 ar\u015fivinde buldu\u011fumuz belgelerden \u015ei\u015fli\u2019deki hastanenin adresinin Ni\u015fanta\u015f\u0131 Hac\u0131 Emin Efendi sok. No: 10 oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011freniyoruz. Torkomyan\u2019\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131nda bahsetmemesine ra\u011fmen Balat Ar\u015fivi\u2019nde bulunan 4 Mart 1920 tarihli bir belgeden ise Ermeni K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7\u0131\u2019n\u0131n B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u2019da bir verem tedavi merkezi a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hasta yetimleri de kabul etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 okuyoruz. Ermeni K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7\u0131\u2019n\u0131n himayesinde ayr\u0131ca \u00dcsk\u00fcdar Amerikan Koleji binas\u0131nda bir k\u0131zlar yetimhanesi de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Torkomyan\u2019\u0131n an\u0131lar\u0131ndan devam edersek, \u0130lk ba\u015fta Ermeni K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131na destek vermi\u015f olan Comte de Lapalisse daha sonraki aylarda Hilal-i Ahmer\u2019in \u015fikayetlerinin de etkisinde kalarak \u0130stanbul Ermeni toplumunun K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7 ismini kullanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. Bunun \u00fczerinde Torkomyan durumu Cenevre\u2019de bulunan Uluslararas\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc ba\u015fkan\u0131 Leopold Fabre\u2019a bildirir ve Ermeni K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7\u0131 isminin ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn onaylanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.  Armanveni Miro\u011flu\u2019nun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan okudu\u011fumuza g\u00f6re 27 Ocak\u2019ta 1919 tarihinde Ermeni Ulusal Merkezi Y\u00f6netimi\u2019nin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi toplant\u0131da, ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fcten S\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri Himaye, Yetimleri Himaye ve Ermeni K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin ayn\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015fmesi \u00f6nerilir. Neden bilmiyoruz ancak Ermeni K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7\u0131 daha sonraki toplant\u0131lara kat\u0131lmaz ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 tercih eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurumlar aras\u0131 s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeler<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri Himaye ve Yetimleri Himaye \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ise 28 \u015eubat 1919\u2019da Ulusal Bak\u0131m ve Yard\u0131m Organizasyonu (\u0531\u0566\u0563\u0561\u0575\u056b\u0576 \u053d\u0576\u0561\u0574\u0561\u057f\u0561\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576) ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015fir. Vahram Torkomyan an\u0131lar\u0131nda bu karar\u0131n kendi iste\u011fini yans\u0131tmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m oldu\u011funu yazar. Ermeni K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7\u0131\u2019n\u0131 d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6rmektedir. Ancak \u00f6rg\u00fct \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam eder. Nisan 1919\u2019da Balat ve Salmatomruk \u015eubesi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. \u015eube, Vahram Ardzruni arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile h\u0131zl\u0131ca Balat Yetimhanesi ile temasa ge\u00e7erek yetimlerin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ilgilenecek bir doktor g\u00f6revlendirmek ister. Ancak Balat y\u00f6netimi merkezden atanm\u0131\u015f bir doktorlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirterek bu teklifi reddeder. Bu yaz\u0131\u015fmalar da Merkezi Y\u00f6netim ile Ermeni K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7\u0131 aras\u0131nda baz\u0131 yetki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor, ancak K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7 ile yetimhane aras\u0131nda ili\u015fkilerin olumlu bir \u015fekilde devam etti\u011fini de g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Hastalanan Balat Yetimhanesi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n Ulusal Bak\u0131m ve Yard\u0131m Organizasyonu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile hem \u015ei\u015fli, hem B\u00fcy\u00fckada hastanelerinde g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri tedavilere dair pek \u00e7ok yaz\u0131\u015fma mevcut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYetimhanelerin sahibi millettir\u201d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

20 Mart 1920 tarihli bir belgede Ermeni K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7\u0131 Edirnekap\u0131-Topkap\u0131-Ey\u00fcp \u015fubesi taraf\u0131ndan kendi sorumluluklar\u0131nda olan 19 yetimin iki g\u00fcn s\u00fcre ile Balat Yetimhanesi’nde himaye edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ne kadar \u00f6deme yapmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011finin soruldu\u011funu, Balat Yetimhanesi\u2019nin yan\u0131t\u0131nda ise herhangi bir bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yetimhanenin sahibinin millet oldu\u011fun ve t\u00fcm yetimlerin millete ait oldu\u011fu ifadesini okuyoruz. Vahram Torkomyan an\u0131lar\u0131nda Ermeni K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1921 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan bahsederken, Balat Yetimhanesi ar\u015fivinde 1922 y\u0131l\u0131 sonuna kadar pek \u00e7ok yaz\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6rebiliyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zor \u015fartlarda da olsa yetimlerin sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 ile ilgili t\u00fcm bu \u00e7abalar\u0131n olumlu sonu\u00e7 verdi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Tedavi i\u00e7in hastanelere g\u00f6nderilen yetimler iyile\u015ferek geri d\u00f6nerler, Balat Yetimhanesi\u2019nin \u00fc\u00e7 yetimi hari\u00e7: Mihran \u00d6zeyan, Zaruhi Sinanyan ve Hayganu\u015f Azadyan isimli yetimler malesef Surp P\u0131rgi\u00e7 Hastanesi\u2019nde hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybedeceklerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A:<\/strong> Bu yaz\u0131da yararlan\u0131lan ar\u015fiv belgeleri Hrant Dink Vakf\u0131 Ar\u015fivi (HDVA), Balat Surp Hre\u015fdagabed Kilisesi ve Khorenyan Okulu Koleksiyonu\u2019na aittir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u0130\u011eER KAYNAKLAR:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Bilge Ar, \u0130\u015fgal Alt\u0131ndaki \u0130stanbul\u2019da Kentsel Ve Mimari Ortam, Y\u00fcksek lisans tezi, \u0130T\u00dc Mimarl\u0131k Fak\u00fcltesi, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Vahram  Torkomyan, \u0531\u0576\u0581\u0578\u0582\u056f\u0568 \u0544\u0578\u057c\u0581\u0578\u0582\u056f, Aras Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Nazan Maksudian, E. M\u00f6ller vd. (edit\u00f6rler), Gendering Global Humanitarianism in the Twentieth Century, Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Series, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-44630-7_5<\/a>, sayfa 117-142 (2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Armaveni Miro\u011flu, \u053f.\u054a\u0578\u056c\u057d\u0578\u0575 \u0531\u0566\u0563\u0561\u0575\u056b\u0576 \u053d\u0576\u0561\u0574\u0561\u057f\u0561\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0569\u056b\u0582\u0576\u0568.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.agos.com.tr\/tr\/haber\/yetimhanelerde-salgin-hastaliklarla-mucadele-41409<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1920 y\u0131l\u0131na geldi\u011fimizde, May\u0131s ay\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan bir genelgede \u00e7ocuklardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kronik bula\u015f\u0131\u00e7\u0131 hastal\u0131klardan mustarip olmalar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in ciddi tehlike olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ve bu nedenle bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir yetimhanede toplay\u0131p tedavi etme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir giri\u015fim oldu\u011fu bilgisi verilir, yetimhanenin sorumlu doktorunun ivedilikle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ciddi bir muayeneden ge\u00e7irmesi ve kronik bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar\u0131n listesinin g\u00f6nderilmesi rica […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":87069,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,34,70,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-87068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-istanbul","category-makaleler","category-tarih-sayfalari"],"yoast_head":"\nYetimhanelerde salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klarla m\u00fccadele - 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