{"id":86697,"date":"2026-07-08T01:41:20","date_gmt":"2026-07-08T06:41:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=86697"},"modified":"2026-07-08T01:41:20","modified_gmt":"2026-07-08T06:41:20","slug":"20-yuzyil-basinda-ermeni-kadin-sopranolar-ve-kaybolmus-columbia-kayitlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akunq.net\/tr\/?p=86697","title":{"rendered":"20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Ba\u015f\u0131nda Ermeni Kad\u0131n Sopranolar ve Kaybolmu\u015f Columbia Kay\u0131tlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00a0Halil Duranay<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alice Kurkdjian ile Zabelle Panosian\u2019\u0131n Ta\u015f Plaklar\u0131 \u00dczerine<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lefko\u015fa eski ve katmanlar\u0131 derin bir kent \u2013 bu y\u00fczden bir koleksiyoner i\u00e7in Lefko\u015fa her zaman s\u00fcrprizlere a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Surlari\u00e7i\u2019ndeki az say\u0131daki ufak antika d\u00fckkanlar\u0131 ve sahaflar belli aral\u0131klarla e\u015felenmesi gereken yerlerdir. Plaklar benim koleksiyonumun her zaman \u00f6nemli par\u00e7alar\u0131 oldu ancak fonograf silindirlerini sevmeme ra\u011fmen ta\u015f plaklara \u00e7ok ilgim olmad\u0131. Yine de bazen \u00f6nemli par\u00e7alara denk geldi\u011fimde onlar\u0131 ar\u015fivime eklerim. Bu metni, birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Lefko\u015fa\u2019da bir antikac\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde, \u00fczerinde se\u00e7 al 50 lira yazan mukavva bir kutu i\u00e7inde bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00e7atlak hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131k olan onlarca ecnebi ta\u015f pla\u011f\u0131n aras\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan iki hazineden bahsetmek i\u00e7in yaz\u0131yorum. Buldu\u011fum iki ta\u015f plak olduk\u00e7a nadir ve k\u0131ymetli ar\u015fiv materyalleri. Ermeni diaspora m\u00fczi\u011fi ve erken d\u00f6nem kad\u0131n icrac\u0131lar tarihine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sunan par\u00e7alar. Her iki kay\u0131t da Columbia Phonograph Company taraf\u0131ndan, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde \u00fcretilmi\u015f.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk plak, Alice Kurkdjian taraf\u0131ndan seslendirilen Karoon<\/em> (\u0554\u0561\u0580\u0578\u0582\u0576<\/em>, Bahar) adl\u0131 eser. Columbia katalo\u011funda 28001-F (106134) numaras\u0131yla kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. Plakta \u015fark\u0131 bir orkestra e\u015fli\u011finde yorumlanm\u0131\u015f. Etiket \u00fczerinde hem Ermenice hem \u0130ngilizce a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yer al\u0131yor. Asl\u0131nda bu detay Columbia\u2019n\u0131n 1920\u2019lerde ABD\u2019deki etnik m\u00fczik pazar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00fcretim stratejisinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131. Alice Kurkdjian hakk\u0131nda mevcut biyografik bilgiler maalesef \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131; ancak bu kay\u0131t, onun diaspora Ermeni toplumunda profesyonel m\u00fczik icra eden ilk ku\u015fak kad\u0131n sanat\u00e7\u0131lardan biri oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Armenian Immigration Project taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan m\u00fclteci listelerine g\u00f6re Alice Kurkdjian, Kilis\u2019ten Amerika\u2019ya gelen m\u00fclteciler aras\u0131nda ama ba\u015fka bir detaydan bahsedilmiyor.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0130kinci plak ise Zabelle Panosian\u2019a ait. Plakta \u0543\u0561\u0572\u0561\u0572 \u054f\u0585\u0576 \u0565\u0582 \u054f\u0585\u0576\u056b\u056f<\/em> (Tsaila Dour Ov Dzovag<\/em>) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 eseri seslendirmi\u015f. Columbia etiketi E3523 (58359) numaras\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Zabelle Panosian, Osmanl\u0131 Ermenileri\u2019nin \u00f6nde gelen sopranolar\u0131ndan biri. \u0130zmit s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki Bah\u00e7ecik\u2019te, 1891\u2019de do\u011fmu\u015f ve 1907\u2019de Amerika\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f. 1917 ve 1918 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Columbia Records i\u00e7in Amerika\u2019da toplam be\u015f ta\u015f plak kaydetmi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kay\u0131tlar\u0131n sat\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Columbia Records, Amerika\u2019da kaydedilen etnik plaklar\u0131 kataloglar\u0131ndan silmi\u015f; Panosian\u2019\u0131n Columbia\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kan on \u015fark\u0131s\u0131 tarihin karanl\u0131k dehlizlerinde kaybolmu\u015f. Kald\u0131 ki o d\u00f6nem Colombia etnik plaklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan sadece Ermeni m\u00fczisyenler yok, Yunan, Arap ve T\u00fcrk m\u00fczisyenlere de ait bir\u00e7ok par\u00e7a mevcut. Baltimore\u2019lu ta\u015f plak koleksiyoneri Ian Nagoski, Panosian\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fyap\u0131t\u0131 Groung<\/em>\u2019\u0131 (Turna<\/em>) terk edilmi\u015f ta\u015f plak \u00f6bekleri aras\u0131nda 2000\u2019lerde bulup \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f; bu ke\u015fiften etkilenerek sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. Nagoski\u2019nin bu yeralt\u0131 m\u00fczik ke\u015fifleri daha sonra \u00fc\u00e7 disklik bir alb\u00fcme de d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor \u2013 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda Armenian Weekly[2]<\/strong><\/em><\/a> gazetesinde bu buluntular \u00fczerine bir makale yay\u0131nl\u0131yor ve b\u00f6ylece Panosian tekrar d\u00fcnya m\u00fczik tarihinin g\u00fcndemine girmi\u015f. Ne yaz\u0131k ki Panosian\u2019\u0131n ke\u015ffi ve hakk\u0131nda elde edilen bilgilere g\u00f6re Alice Kurkdjian hala gizemini koruyan bir isim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Amerika\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan bu etnik m\u00fczik plaklar\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7men topluluklar\u0131n kimliklerini yeni co\u011frafyalarda s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131. Columbia Records\u2019un bu d\u00f6nemdeki Ethnic Series ad\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki bu kay\u0131tlar\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7men sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n icralar\u0131n\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rarak m\u00fczik miras\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131na olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu kay\u0131tlar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman Kuzey Amerika\u2019ya, ard\u0131ndan Orta Do\u011fu ve Do\u011fu Akdeniz limanlar\u0131na, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla K\u0131br\u0131s gibi g\u00fczergahlar aras\u0131nda aktar\u0131lan bir ses miras\u0131n\u0131 ve ar\u015fiv haritas\u0131n\u0131 da bize sunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca bu iki ta\u015f plak, yaln\u0131zca Alice Kurkdjian ve Zabelle Panosian gibi \u00f6nc\u00fc Ermeni kad\u0131n sopranolar\u0131n sanatsal ifadelerini de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n haf\u0131za ve aidiyet aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 da ses \u00fczerinden bug\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu kay\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00f6zellikle kad\u0131n kimli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi dikkat \u00e7ekici. Neticede o d\u00f6nem erkek egemen bir m\u00fczik \u00fcretim alan\u0131nda, diaspora ko\u015fullar\u0131nda sahneye \u00e7\u0131kan bu kad\u0131n sesleri, yaln\u0131zca icrac\u0131 de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck kazanan \u00f6zneler olarak da okunmal\u0131. Bu anlamda plaklar, erken d\u00f6nem g\u00f6\u00e7men kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kamusal alandaki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair nadir ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc somut izler sunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fczikal a\u00e7\u0131dan ise bu kay\u0131tlar, geleneksel halk ezgilerinin Bat\u0131 vokal teknikleriyle bulu\u015ftu\u011fu bir e\u015fikte duruyor (ki burada Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imparatorluk m\u00fczik miras\u0131 da olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r \u2013 ar\u015fiv a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bunu da atlamamak laz\u0131m). Neticede bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma, yaln\u0131zca teknik bir uyarlama de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda ifade bi\u00e7iminde de bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm yarat\u0131yor. Yerel melodik yap\u0131lar\u0131n, opera ve klasik m\u00fczik gelene\u011finden gelen vokallerle birle\u015fmesi, diaspora m\u00fczi\u011fine hem tan\u0131d\u0131k hem de yeni bir t\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131r\u0131yor. Bu durum, bir t\u00fcr estetik k\u0131r\u0131lma kadar, farkl\u0131 m\u00fczik d\u00fcnyalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kurulan yarat\u0131c\u0131 bir gerilim olarak da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir \u2013 y\u0131llar sonra sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn etnik- f\u00fczyon diye pazarlayaca\u011f\u0131 bir t\u00fcr\u00fcn ilk ve saf \u00f6rneklerinden bahsediyorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lefko\u015fa\u2019da bir antikac\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde at\u0131l\u0131 olan, ucuz plak kutusu i\u00e7inde y\u0131llar evvel kar\u015f\u0131ma \u00e7\u0131kan bu kay\u0131tlar, co\u011frafyalar aras\u0131nda dola\u015fan bir m\u00fczik haf\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n izlerini s\u00fcrmeme olanak sa\u011fl\u0131yor, heyecanland\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu ke\u015fifler \u2013 koleksiyoner Nagoski ile de benzer bir kesi\u015fme noktas\u0131. New York\u2019ta kaydedilen bu seslerin K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019a ula\u015fmas\u0131, bu m\u00fczi\u011fin yaln\u0131zca \u00fcretildi\u011fi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yeniden kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k buldu\u011fu bir dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor \u2013 ki m\u00fczikten sonra akl\u0131ma tak\u0131lan esas gizemli soru \u015fu; bu plaklar\u0131n Washington\u2019daki Colombia fabrikas\u0131ndan Lefko\u015fa\u2019daki antikac\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne nas\u0131l y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k bir ser\u00fcvenle geldikleri?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Gemi Manifestolar\u0131 veri tablosu, 1930 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Kuzey Amerika limanlar\u0131na gelen tahmini 100.000\u2013125.000 Ermeni g\u00f6\u00e7menin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermekte. Kay\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu New York\u2019a gelen gemilerden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f.  (markarslan.org)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> What Was Left Behind: Music of the Ottoman Empire. Nanore Barsoumian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/armenianweekly.com\/2011\/10\/20\/what-was-left-behind-music-of-the-ottoman-empire\/embed\/#?secret=MhgUK4toxn#?secret=WPBYc7tCOu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Ba\u015f\u0131nda Ermeni Kad\u0131n Sopranolar ve Kaybolmu\u015f Columbia Kay\u0131tlar\u0131:<\/a><\/blockquote>